Annual Report 2005-2006

Annual Report1 July 2005–30 June 2006

The International Space Science Institute (ISSI), located in Bern, Switzerland, is anInstitute of Advanced Studies in space sciences where scientists from all over the worldmeet in a multi- and interdisciplinary setting to reach out for new scientific horizons.ISSI’s main task is to contribute to the achievement of a deeper understanding of theresults of space research missions.

Contents

Who is Who?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

From the President of the Board ofTrustees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

From the Directors: The 11th Year . . . 6

About ISSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Governing and Supporting Bodies . . . 8 Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

ISSI’s Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Financial Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

About Pro-ISSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Pro-ISSI association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The SPATIUM Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Scientific Activities: The 11th Year . . 13 The Programme and the Tools . . . . .13Workshops and Working Groups . . .14

Forthcoming Workshops and Working Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Forums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18International Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Newly Approved Future Teams . . . . .28 Visiting Scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Events, Seminars, and Media . . . . . . 30Special Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 ISSI in the Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Staff Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Honours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Chairmanships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Staff Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Visitor Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

ISSI Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Space Sciences Series of ISSI. . . . . . . 44

Published Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Volumes in Press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Forthcoming Volumes . . . . . . . . . . 46

ISSI Scientific Report Series . . . . . . . . 46Published Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Forthcoming Volumes . . . . . . . . . . 46

ISSI Information Brochure . . . . . . . . . 47Pro-ISSI SPATIUM Series . . . . . . . . . . 47Published in the 11th Year . . . . . . . . . 48

Impressum and Credits. . . . . . . . . . . 50

4

Who is who?

Board of Trustees

Hanspeter Schneiter, Former Industrial Ombudsmanfor ESA, Zürich, Switzerland, President

Hans Balsiger, University of Bern, SwitzerlandMarc Bertschi, Swiss Space Office, Bern, SwitzerlandLennard A. Fisk, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,

USA Heinrich Leutwyler, Pro-ISSI AssociationReimar Lüst, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie,

Hamburg, GermanyN.N., NASA, Washington D.C., USAClaude Nicollier, ESA/NASA, Houston, USAJohannes Ortner, International Space University,

Strasbourg, FranceDavid Southwood, ESA, Paris, FranceKoichiro Tsuruda, JAXA, Kanagawa, JapanUrs Würgler, University of Bern, SwitzerlandLev M. Zelenyi, Russian Academy of Sciences,

Moscow, RussiaHansjörg Schläpfer, Contraves Space AG, Zürich,

Switzerland, Secretary of the Board

Board of the Association Pro-ISSI

Heinrich Leutwyler, University of Bern, Switzerland,President

Hansjörg Schläpfer, Contraves Space AG, Zürich,Switzerland, Treasurer

Kathrin Altwegg, University of Bern, SwitzerlandHans Balsiger, University of Bern, SwitzerlandHansjörg Mey, Ascom AG, Bern, SwitzerlandHanspeter Schneiter, Former Industrial Ombudsman

for ESA, Zürich, SwitzerlandGustav A. Tammann, University of Basel, Switzerland

Directors and Staff

Roger-Maurice Bonnet, Executive DirectorJohannes Geiss, Honorary Director André Balogh, DirectorRudolf von Steiger, DirectorYasmine Calisesi, Post Doctoral ScientistBrigitte Fasler, SecretaryAndrea Fischer, Secretary (stand-by)Kathryn Fishbaugh, Post Doctoral ScientistReinald Kallenbach, Senior ScientistAnita Kilchenmann, PhD StudentVittorio Manno, Consultant to the Executive DirectorSaliba F. Saliba, Computer Engineer and System

AdministratorIrmela Schweizer, Editorial AssistantSilvia Wenger, Assistant to the Executive Director

Science Committee

Len Culhane, Mullard Space Science Laboratory,Dorking Surrey, United Kingdom, Chairman

Ester Antonucci, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino,Italy

Giovanni Bignami*, Centre d’Etudes Spatiales desRayonnements (CESR), Toulouse, France

Alvaro Giménez, RSSD, ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, TheNetherlands

Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, Technische UniversitätBraunschweig, Germany

Wesley T. Huntress, Jr., Carnegie Institution ofWashington, USA

Zbigniew Klos*, Space Research Centre, Warsaw,Poland

Oleg Korablev, Space Research Institute, Moscow,Russia

André Maeder, Observatoire de Genève, SwitzerlandHitoshi Mizutani*, JAXA, Kanagawa, JapanDonal Murtagh, Chalmers University of Technology,

Göteborg, SwedenNicolas Thomas*, University of Bern, SwitzerlandRudolf Treumann, Ludwig-Maximilians-University

Munich, GermanySylvie Vauclair, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées,

Toulouse, France

* Membership ended on 30 June 2006.

All these lists show the status at the end of the eleventh business year (30 June 2006). For current lists, pleasevisit the ISSI website at www.issibern.ch.

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From the President of the Board of TrusteesResulting from a rather lengthy process, the modifications to the Public Deed of theFoundation, introduced to assure continuation of a successful function of the Board ofTrustees have been approved by the Federal Supervisory Authority for Foundations inApril 2006. Consequently, the documents ruling the management of the institute andthe task assignments for the Board and the Directorate have been adapted and alsoaccepted by the Supervisory Authority.

Due to changes of respective requirements, the Expenses Regulation had to be submit-ted for approval by the tax office of the canton of Bern and is now also accepted. Thus,the whole set of regulations governing relations between Board and Institute is nowcomplete and up to date.

Observing the rule to have a certain rotation of the members of the Board representingthe international space science community, the 5 respective members have to be reelect-ed/elected for the next term of 3 years. At the March meeting of the Board of Trustees,the president had expressed his desire to resign this year. A search committee, presidedby Prof. Balsiger, has been named to find a successor and will report to the Board ofTrustees.

Both the Personal- and Finance Committees, in their new composition, have had theirfirst meetings.

The most important event to be reported about is the decision of ESA to continue finan-cial support for ISSI for another 3 years (2007 to 2009). The Board likes to express it`sgreat appreciation for the concise and informative report written by Prof. Bonnet, whichwas the basis for ESA`s positive decision.

It had been stipulated by the ISSI evaluation group in May 1998, that ISSI's directoratemight investigate an organic extension of its activities into Earth sciences and possiblyother sectors involving space sciences (i.e., astrobiology). Prof. Bonnet, with the mem-bers of the directorate and staff, have actually engaged on starting first respective work-shops. Depending from the outcome of these start-ups, the Board of Trustees, receivingrespective proposals from the directorate, might give green light to intensify such activ-ities by the end of 2006.

Once again, the President would like to thank the Executive Director, the Directorate andthe staff for the extraordinary achievement through out FY 2005.

Hanspeter SchneiterPresident of the Board of

Trustees of the ISSI Foundation

Zürich, 4 July 2006

6

From the Directors: The Eleventh YearThe 11th year of ISSI corresponds to an important landmark: the evaluation by ESA'sScience Programme Committee (SPC) and the approval of the continuation of the fund-ing of the Institute in the period 1.1.2007-31.12.2009. This was the third evaluation bythe SPC since the creation of the Institute. The first evaluation was conducted in 1998and the second in May 2003. Both were very successful, and it is satisfactory to reporthere that the SPC unanimously approved the ISSI budget request of 1.1 MEU per year(2006 EC), updated according to the rules applicable to the Science Program budget,from 1.1.2007 to 31.12.2009. Particularly important in the evaluation process this timewas the perception by the delegations of the increasingly important internationalCharacter and reputation of the Institute, the continuously increasing number of itsTeams and the broadening of its activities in new areas such as astrobiology and Earthsciences.

Indeed, several events this year do illustrate this evolution. The two Workshops“Geology and Habitability of Terrestrial Planets” and “Strategies for Life Detection”were great symbols of interdisciplinarity and the outcome of ISSI's former decision toopen its activities to comparative planetology and to astrobiology. The Workshop“Mercury” in June 2006 offered another demonstration of ISSI's role in the understand-ing of the Solar System and in particular of the origin and nature of Mercury, of its envi-ronment and of its place among the terrestrial planets. Five new workshops are in prepa-ration in the course of 2006 and 2007 as reported in the report illustrating again theincreasing role of ISSI in planetary sciences and fundamental physics. The workshop on“The Local Interstellar Medium: from the outer Heliosphere to the edge of the localBubble” to be organized in the fall of 2007, will illustrate ISSI's contribution to theInternational Heliospheric Year (IHY).

The Forum organized on March 2 and 3, 2006 served its purpose in addressing the rolethat an ISSI-like institute might play in the field of Earth sciences and the adequacy ofthe tools and operating modes of ISSI to increasing the science return of space missionsin Earth sciences. The specificities of Earth sciences clearly would require alterations tothe present modus operandi of ISSI. The success of the Forum, allowed discussions tostart with ESA, the Swiss Space Office and the University of Bern, in order to assess theneeds necessary to support this new development. The excellent spirit of these discus-sions is very encouraging and foresees a potential involvement of ISSI in the InternationalPolar Year in the time frame 2007-2008.

Remarkable is the increasing number of scientific teams that are hosted by ISSI througha highly competitive process in which the Science Committee is deeply involved: 17 newteams have been selected this year out of a total number of 35 proposals which showsa rejection ratio of nearly two, typical of the selection process in the last years. The num-ber of ISSI Teams now totals 112 and testifies to the vitality of this activity at ISSI. In thelast three years the number of ISSI visitors per year has doubled and this is also an undis-putable mark of the success and of the visibility of the Institute.

Key to the selection process is the Science Committee which has seen its role consider-ably expanded by the introduction of the open Calls for Teams and its critical scientificreview and grading of the proposals. The principle of rotation has led to a change in thechairmanship of the Committee, with Prof. Len Culhane succeeding Prof R. Pellinen andfour new members replacing four leaving members. We would like to thank all of themwarmly here for their continuous and active role in the work of the Committee and wel-come the new members.

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As more and more Workshops are initiated from ideas/suggestions coming from thecommunity, the Science Committee is now also involved in the assessment of these pro-posals as an advice to the Directorate of the Institute. This advice will be essential in theselection of Workshops proposals submitted to ISSI by the Europlanet project, a projectfinanced by the EU within the Sixth Framework Program, whose main objectives are toenhance the output of the European Planetary missions, the creation of a “virtual obser-vatory” for planetary science and outreach and education. The international and inter-disciplinary character of ISSI motivated the leaders of Europlanet to seek for an ISSI part-nership. They have proposed a list of Workshops of interest to them that ISSI wouldimplement. At its May 2006 meeting, the Science Committee has selected theWorkshop “Planetary Atmospheric Electricity” to be held in the first half of 2007. TheFall meeting of the Committee will discuss the Europlanet proposals for subsequentyears. Discussions will be held in the forthcoming months which will involve theEuroplanet scientists, the Science Committee and ultimately the ISSI Board of Trustees toassess whether ISSI should and could be more directly involved in the Europlanet activi-ties in the seventh Framework Programme.

The above illustrate the increasing visibility of ISSI in the scientific and space communi-ty. ISSI has been deeply and actively involved in the “Forum Einstein 2005” that peakedwith the international celebration day on 9 July 2005, at which the president of theSwiss Confederation specifically mentioned ISSI in his address. One of us (RvS) gave amultimedia Einstein presentation at several Swiss embassies in Asia, one of which wasto launch an Einstein competition of the Swiss and German Embassies in Beijing inNovember 2005. The winners, a group of some 20 Chinese Ph.D. students, will soon visitISSI. As another example, ISSI has been requested by the Advanced CompositionExplorer (ACE) team to organize a Symposium on the Composition of Matter inSeptember 2006 in the vicinity of Bern.

Finally, the directorate and staff situation has seen some changes after the departure ofDirector G. Paschman in November 2005 and his replacement by Prof. A. Balogh inDecember 2005. Dr Michel Blanc was offered a Consultancy Contract as Study Directorstarting in February 2006. Oliver Botta, who had left at the end of July 2005, is backagain at ISSI after 11 months spent at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre.

In conclusion, we would like to encourage you to read the various chapters of the report.You will get there the substance of our activities and a more precise appreciation of ourprogress. You will be able to judge the extent of our work as well as its impact in theworld of science and on the work of the scientific community.

Roger-Maurice Bonnet Rudolf von SteigerAndré Balogh

8

The International Space Science Institute(ISSI) is a nonprofit organization set up inBern in 1995 as a foundation under Swisslaw with an endowment by ContravesSpace AG. Three statutory bodies governISSI: the Board of Trustees, the Directo-rate, and the Science Committee. Afourth important body, the associationPro-ISSI, promotes the idea of ISSI, espe-cially within Switzerland.

The European Space Agency (ESA), theSwiss Confederation, and the University ofBern provide the financial resources forISSI's operation. Furthermore, the SwissNational Science Foundation contributesby a grant to its Directors to ISSI's funding.ISSI received tax-exempt status from theCanton of Bern in May 1995.

Governing and Supporting Bodies

ISSI’s Board of Trustees oversees thework accomplished at the Institute, exertsfinancial control, and appoints theDirectors and members of the ScienceCommittee. It consists of representativesof the Swiss Confederation, the CantonBern, the Founder, Pro-ISSI, ESA, NASA,JAXA, IKI (Russia), and of the scientificcommunity. The Board of Trustees ispresided over by Hanspeter Schneiter, andmet three times during the eleventh busi-ness year, on November 11, 2005, March8 and July 4, 2006.

The Science Committee is made up of14 internationally known scientists activein the fields covered by ISSI. It advises andsupports the Directorate in the establish-ment of the scientific agenda providing aproper equilibrium among the activitiesand reviews and grades the Team propos-als in response to the annual Call. ScienceCommittee Members serve a three yearterm (with a possible extension of 1 year).Four members quit the Committee in2006, while two were extended by onefurther year. The Science Committee mettwice, on 10-11 November 2005 and 18-19 May 2006.

The Directorate is in charge of the scien-tific, operational and administrative man-agement of the Institute. During the ele-venth business year the Directorate under-went a change of Directors, namely GötzPaschmann retired from his post onNovember 30 and André Balogh (ICL) wasnominated Director by the Board ofTrustees with effect from December 1,2005. The other members remain Roger-Maurice Bonnet (Executive Director), andRudolf von Steiger.

The Association Pro-ISSI, founded inspring 1994, counts more than 100 mem-bers. Pro-ISSI promotes the idea of ISSI byorganising public lectures, where interna-tionally known space scientists introducetheir results. Summaries of these talks arepublished about twice a year in the jour-nal SPATIUM. Member benefits includeinvitation to lectures and a free subscrip-tion to SPATIUM.

A list of the board members of ISSI's fourbodies at the end of June 2006 may befound on page 4.

About ISSI

The ISSI entrance at Hallerstrasse 6, in Bern.

9

Infrastructure

During the eleventh year, ISSI's infrastruc-ture has undergone many changes. Themain transformation was the purchase ofa new Windows 2003 Server, though theactual installation of it will occur duringthe twelfth business year. The new serverwill take over the management of ISSI'swireless infrastructure from the Universityof Bern.

Among other items purchased during thisyear are a DVD/VHS/HDD recorder, twonew Windows laptops, two new printers,a projector (with the ability to function asa normal projector for Laptops and also asa normal overhead projector) and othersmaller items.

As a result, the Institute provides a hetero-geneous workstation environment with atotal of twenty-six desktops and eight lap-tops. The workgroup network is part ofthe University's local area network, so thatits resources (e.g., the SUN, Linux clusterserver, license server and special peripher-als) are available as well. With the locallyinstalled computer peripherals, the Insti-tute's staff and guest scientists are able toperform most computing tasks and accessthe Internet. The network consists of thefollowing:

- Three servers - Linux, Windows 2003 Server and Sun Solaris

- Eighteen PCs five of which run both Linux and Windows

- Two Sun computers, which run Solaris 8- Five Mac computers four of which run

the latest Mac OSX and one run Mac OS 9

- Nine laptops (eight PCs and one Mac PowerBook).

- Nine printers, four of which in color- Four projectors- Two wireless access points- One digital video camera, still camera,

scanner, ...

ISSI also regularly updates software pack-ages and provides access to the large sci-entific packages (such as IDL, Matlab, andMaple) either locally or by connecting tothe University's servers.

For visitors and teams, several conferencerooms and guest offices are available.These are all equipped with network con-nections (partly wireless), some of themalso have printers and projectors for largescreen presentation.

For long term visitors, ISSI continues toprovide three furnished appartments.

Last but not least, the ISSI website isupdated continuously. Please feel free tovisit www.issibern.ch.

ISSI impressions (from top to bottom): a team meeting inthe seminar room, a lively discussion at the whiteboard andvisitors in the conference room.

10

The ISSI staff at the end of the 11th business year on 17 May 2006: Front row: R. von Steiger, I. Schweizer, S. Wenger, R.-M. Bonnet, and A. KilchenmannMiddle row: R. Kallenbach, K. Fishbaugh, B. Fasler, Y. Calisesi, and J. GeissBack row: S. F. Saliba, A. Balogh, V. Manno, and A. Fischer Details can be found on page 4, in the section Who is who.

In the 11th

business year, there were two changes in the ISSI personnel:Oliver Botta left the institute at the end of July 2005 and continued his research atNASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre. He will be back again at ISSI in July 2006.Professor Götz Paschmann, Director, retired in November 2005 and was replaced byProfessor André Balogh (Imperial College, London), who started his activity as Directoron 1 December 2005. Therefore, the ISSI staff consisted of 14 persons: three Directors,one Honorary Director, four staff scientists, and six staff members, some of whom areworking part-time.

ISSI’s Personnel

11

Financial Overview

ISSI's main sources of funding continue tobe the European Space Agency (ESA) andthe Swiss Confederation with large, recur-ring contributions as listed in the tableabove. Equally important are the contribu-tions from the University of Bern throughthe employment of one member of thedirectorate and from the Swiss NationalScience Foundation through a grant to R.von Steiger as the principal applicant.Moreover, important contributions “inkind” such as internet connectivity, libraryaccess, etc., are received from the Univer-sity of Bern and from Contraves SpaceAG, which provides the secretariat of theBoard of Trustees and support of theAssociation Pro-ISSI.

The table above does not explicitly showthe extra income and expenditures for thetwo International Teams led by DavidBerghmans and by W. A. Lahoz. TheseTeams were selected on condition that ad-ditional funding from ESA could be

secured because their somewhat atypicalthemes. Both of our applications (one toESTEC and the other to the ESA EarthObservation Directorate) were successfuland a corresponding extra income of CHF46'890.60 was received for these Teams.The effective total amount for Workshops,Teams, and visitors was thus more than780 kCHF, which is the highest amountsince the 4th business year.

In summary, ISSI ended the 11th businessyear with an overspending of just lessthan 40'000 CHF (see the overview tableabove). This is the second year with a neg-ative result. However, the result is betterthan the budgeted deficit of 61'000 CHF,and it is fully covered by correspondingpositive results from previous years.

Statement of Operations (in CHF)

Expenses Revenues

Salaries and related costs 1’250’918.82 European Space Agency 1’540’000.00

Auditedby Ernst& Young,Bern

Fixed costs 276’244.00 Swiss Confederation 787’000.00

Operating costs 266’193.05 Other income 48’697.75

Investment (depreciated) 29’349.85 Result of the year 39’356.37

Workshops, Working Groups, Teams,Visiting Scientists (ISSI funded) 592’348.40

Subtotal Expenses 2’415’054.12 Subtotal Revenues 2’415’054.12

Workshops, Working Groups, Teams,Visiting Scientists (SNF funded) 143’628.95

Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) 143’628.95 Audited

by SNFTotal Expenses 2’558’683.07 Total Revenues 2’558’683.07

Remarks:Salaries: It should be noted that the majority of the ISSI staff members (including directors) are scientistsactively conducting research as well as taking care of organisational, editorial, and administrative tasks.Operating costs include repair and maintenance, insurance, office, administration, and public relations.Other income covers extraordinary income, interest income, and exchange gain or loss.Workshops, etc. also include the balance from income and expenses of guest apartments.SNF: Grant from Swiss National Science Foundation to R. von Steiger and related expenses.

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About Pro-ISSI

In 1994, a handful enthusiastic scientistsand industry representatives jointly found-ed Pro-ISSI, an association under Swisslaw, with a twofold objective: Firstly tocreate an institute in Switzerland devotedto the furthering of space science in aninternational context and secondly to con-vey the fascinating results of space re-search to the public in Switzerland. Withthe successful creation of the ISSI founda-tion, the first objective was accomplishedin 1995, while the second remains thecore activity of the Pro-ISSI associationtoday.

The Pro-ISSI association

Currently, Pro-ISSI counts well over 100personalities from public authorities, uni-versities and industry as personal mem-bers. Furthermore, it is supported by in-dustrial enterprises and scientific insti-tutes. It is governed by a board compris-ing scientists and industry representatives.The General Assembly is held in spring al-lowing the board to report on the pastactivities and to present the plans for fu-ture programmes.

Pro ISSI understands itself as a comple-mentary part of ISSI with its “raisond'être” of arranging lectures for the gen-eral public about the ongoing activities atISSI. These lectures then are normally dis-tilled to dedicated issues of Spatium, the

association's journal, summarizing andelaborating on the topic of the lecture. Upto now, sixteen issues of Spatium havebeen produced on such diverse topics like“Astrobiology”, “Ten Years Hubble SpaceTelescope” or “Die ersten drei Minutendes Universums”. In general, the issuesare published in English, some are inGerman, especially when the young gen-eration is to be addressed. All the issues ofSpatium are available on the web, seewww.issibern.ch/pro-issi.html.

The SPATIUM Series

During ISSI's eleventh business year twofurther issues of SPATIUM appeared:

Number 15 was published in November2005 with the title “Titan and the Huy-gens Mission”. That issue is devoted tothe successful landing of the EuropeanHuygens probe on Saturn's enigmaticmoon Titan on 14 January 2005. It is ba-sed on a respective lecture by Nicolas Tho-mas of the University of Bern.

Issue 16 appeared in June 2006. It reportson a lecture by Oliver Botta on 25 October2005, who at that time was at the NASAGoddard Space Flight Center and will beagain at ISSI as of 1 July 2006. This issuedeals with the current interdisciplinary ap-proach to unveil some of mankind's oldestquestions relating to the evolution of lifehere and in other worlds. Since the pro-cess of evolution (as conceived by CharlesDarwin) is at the core of this novel branchof science, that issue of Spatium elabo-rates on some of the central principles go-verning nature's creative work. Know-ledge of such rules is crucial when it comesto defining the potential signatures ofalien life on distant celestial bodies to berecognized by space-borne instruments.

On 28 March 2006 André Balogh, thenewly elected Director of the Institutegave his inaugural talk for the Pro-ISSIaudience on the fascinating empire of theSun, the heliosphere. His presentation willbe the subject of one of the forthcomingissues of Spatium.

The heliosphere in the nearby interstellar medium was thesubject of a Pro-ISSI talk given by A. Balogh. Figure cortesyby Dr. Priscilla Frisch, University of Chicago and IndianaUniversity.

TheSPATIUMCD-ROMand the

Covers ofSPATIUM

nos. 15and 16.

13

Scientific Activities: The Eleventh YearThe Programme and Tools

ISSI's operation mode is fivefold: multi-and interdisciplinary Workshops, WorkingGroups, Forum, International Teams andVisiting Scientists.

Workshops are selected by the Directorsin consultation with the Science Com-mittee. Proposals or suggestions for Work-shops may also originate from the outsideand addressed to the Directors. The pro-grammes and speakers are defined by agroup of highly qualified experts servingas convenors. The Workshops of a weekduration (sometimes repeated) can beattended by up to 45 invited scientists.Workshops always lead to a volume ofthe Space Sciences Series of ISSI (SSSI)published by Springer (formerly KluwerAcademic Publishers) and in parallel asissues of Space Science Reviews. A com-prehensive list of the volumes can befound on pages 44-46.

Working Groups have a smaller numberof members and are set up by the Direc-torate for specific tasks, also of technicalnature. The results of the Working Groups'activities are either published as titles ofISSI Scientific Report Series (SR) under theresponsibility of ESA's Publication Divisionor in the scientific literature. Details on therecently published volume can be foundon page 49.

Forum, the newcomer among the toolsof ISSI, is an informal and free debate onopen questions of political, scientific na-ture, by some fifteen to twenty high-levelparticipants, who meet for a couple ofdays at ISSI. A Forum does not necessarilylead to formal recommendations or deci-sions.

International Teams consist of about 10or more external scientists, addressing aspecific scientific topic in a self organizedfashion under the responsibility of aLeader in a series of two to three oneweek meetings over a period of 12 to 18months. The results of these activities arecustomarily reported in scientific journals.

Pie chart showingthe ISSI visitors'countries of origin.The table on the leftshows the numberof visitors from ESAand the individualmember states.

The selection of Teams results from anannual Call for International Teams issuedin January and from the subsequentreview and prioritization performed bythe Science Committee.

Individual Visitors are invited by theDirectors for periods of varying extent topursue research and perform scientifictasks of relevance to ISSI's agenda.

During the eleventh year of activity, theprogramme expanded significantly:

The international participation among thetwo main categories of activity was as fol-lows: Workshops, Working groups andForum: 28%, International Teams: 70%.

During the eleventh business year 518international scientists worked at ISSI for atotal of about 500 person-weeks.

ISSI visitors' origin countries

21%

6%

2%

2%

3%

66%

ESA Member States and ESA United States

Russia Central Europe

Japan Other

Austria 12 The Netherlands 7Belgium 15 Norway 5Denmark 5 Portugal 3Finland 3 Spain 14France 86 Sweden 9Germany 74 Switzerland 38Ireland 1 United Kingdom 39Italy 19 ESA 15

3 Workshops1 Working Group

36 International Teams

1 Forum

more than 10 Individual Visitors

14

Workshops and Working Groups

Geology and Habitability of Terres-trial Planets

The goal of this workshop was articulatedby the convenors as “To define the influ-ence of planetary geologic evolution onhabitability and to assess the conditionsnecessary for life, using the Earth, Mars,and Venus as examples.” The intent wasto focus on the relationship between aplanet's evolution and the evolution ofhabitability on that planet. This workshopadded a new dimension to the currentfocus of astrobiological studies by assess-ing not only the probability of the exis-tence of extinct or extant unicellular lifeon Mars but also by focusing on the long-term habitability of any terrestrial-likeplanet. It truly responded to the interdisci-plinary character of ISSI workshops, inti-mately weaving geologic, atmospheric,geophysical, magnetospheric, and biolog-ical planetary studies together.

The sessions were organized around thechapters of the book which will be pub-lished in the course of next year. Thesechapters include the following: 1) Definition of habitability: Fundamentalrequirements for life, 2) The link betweencrustal processes and habitability, 3) Habit-ability during the Heavy Bombardment, 4)The link between volatiles/atmospheresand habitability 5) The link between inter-nal planetary evolution and habitability, 6)Planetary/Sun Interactions, and 7) Habit-ability in our Solar System beyond Mars.

This book should likely serve as an extre-mely useful reference for upcoming inter-national missions focused on the searchfor life and biomarkers on Mars and otherbodies and on the understanding of plan-etary evolution and habitability.

This book will be published as Volume 24of the ISSI Space Sciences Series and inSpace Science Reviews and will be editedby Kathryn Fishbaugh (ISSI), DavidDesMarais (NASA Ames), Oleg Korablev(Russian Space Research Institute IKI),Philippe Lognonné (Institut de Physique duGlobe de Paris IPGP, Université de ParisVII), and François Raulin (Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphé-riques LISA, Université de Paris VII, XII).

The convenors of the workshop were:Michael Carr (USGS Menlo-Park), CharlesCockell (Open University), Kathryn Fish-baugh (ISSI), Ralf Jaumann (DeutschesZentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt -DLR-),Lynn Rothschild (NASA Ames), and FrancesWestall (Le Centre de Biophysique Molé-culaire, Centre National de la RechercheScientifique -CNRS-).

Strategies for Life Detection

The first workshop to be organized underthe Astrobiology theme at ISSI was heldon April 24 to 28, 2006 and was dedicat-ed to Strategies of Life Detection. The aimof the workshop was to generally fosterthe interdisciplinary exchange betweenthe biology, chemistry, planetary science

Artist's rendering of what an ancient ocean might havelooked like on Mars. Whether or not Mars ever had anocean is still a subject of debate, and whether and how itcould have affected habitability was discussed at the work-shop. For example, could any putative ocean have existedlong enough to provide the liquid water necessary for lifeat the surface? Image Credit: NASA/Greg Shirah

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Workshops and Working Groups

and instrumentation communities, and inparticular to look at the signatures thatwould be indicative for past or present lifeon another planet, to compare them tothe biosignatures on Earth, and to discussthe state-of-the-art instrumentation thatis planned to search for these signatures,both in-situ and by remote sensing.

The workshop was convened by Jeffrey L.Bada (Scripps Institution of Oceanography,UCSD, USA), Javier Gomez-Elvira (Centrode Astrobiologìa, Spain), Emmanuelle Ja-vaux (University of Liège, Belgium), MinikRosing (Geological Museum Copenhagen,Denmark), Franck Selsis (CRAL/ENS, Lyon,France), Roger Summons (MIT, USA) aswell as Oliver Botta (NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center). A total number of 36 par-ticipants was assembled at ISSI, which,together with the convenors, was themaximum number of people that could beaccommodated into the seminar room onthe first floor.

The workshop was opened with presenta-tions about fundamental principles of life,including the question whether or not it isneeded to define life in order to be able torecognize it. Monday afternoon saw fourpresentations about the habitability ofplanets and the galactic and stellar zoneswhere planets that may harbor life mayexist. The sessions on Tuesday andWednesday addressed the signatures oflife that may be detected by in-situ instru-mentation on another planet. Morpho-logical, molecular and isotopic biosigna-tures were discussed, particularly their sig-nificance for the detection of traces ofpast life on Earth and their applicability forthe exploration of the solar system. It waspointed out that there is not one particu-lar biosignature (such as a structure, amolecule or an isotopic ratio), but thatonly a combination of features will lead toan unambiguous detection of past orpresent life on another planet. The nextsession included a review of the results ofthe Viking mission, who attempted to findlife on Mars using three instruments thatlooked for metabolism, as well as intro-ductions to different instruments under

development. Jeffrey Bada, PI of the UREYinstrument on ExoMars, and Paul Mahaffy,PI of the SAM instrument for the MSL ro-ver, both provided insight into their instru-ments, which are aiming at detectingorganic compounds on the surface ofMars. The final session of the workshopaddressed remote sensing attempts tosearch for spectroscopic signatures of lifefor planets in the solar system, but also forextrasolar planets, including talks thatprovided insight into planetary spec-troscopy and in particular the topic ofmethane on Mars. The workshop conclud-ed with overviews about the current sta-tus of extrasolar planetary systems andabout future missions, such as ESA's Dar-win concept, to detect and characterizeterrestrial planets around other stars.

Each participant of the workshop will con-tribute to the planned publication No. 25in the Space Science Series of ISSI (SSSI).

The European ExoMars rover deployed on the surface ofMars. This vehicle will carry several instruments as well as adrill system. One of the goals of the mission is to search forand characterize organic compounds in surface and sub-surface soil samples. The mission is currently targeted for a2011 launch. (Image Credit: ESA).

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Workshops and Working Groups

Mercury

The planet Mercury was the subject of aworkshop held at ISSI between 26 and 30June 2006. It was attended by 39 scien-tists from Europe, the United States andJapan. The main objective of the work-shop was to take stock of our knowledgeof Mercury, 30 years after the uniqueobservations of NASA's Mariner 10 andsome years before the missions in con-struction by NASA (MESSENGER) and ESAand JAXA (BepiColombo) get to Mercury.In the intervening years, the Mariner 10observations have been submitted to con-tinued scrutiny, but there have beenimportant developments also in observingthis planet from Earth. The convenors forthe workshop were Leonid Ksanfomality(IKI, Russia), André Balogh (ISSI, previouslyImperial College London, UK) and Rudolfvon Steiger (ISSI).

The workshop started with reviews on theformation of the terrestrial planets andtheir evolution, in order to place Mercury

in the context of this family of planets.Plenary sessions through the week weredevoted to talks on Mercury's interior, sur-face, exosphere and magnetosphere.While progress has been made on all top-ics since Mariner 10, the most dramaticnew results have come from ground-based radar and visual observations con-cerning the surface and the exosphere, innotoriously difficult conditions, as Mercuryalways remains very close to the Sun. Theworkshop devoted a significant amount oftime to these new results. Participantsthus heard of the remarkable radar obser-vations with increasingly improved resolu-tion over the past years, so that the over-all topography of Mercury is much betterunderstood even over the half of the plan-etary surface that had not been imaged byMariner 10.

The scientific cooperation among theworkshop participants was supported bythe formation of four thematic groups, todiscuss and decide the topics and author-ship the review papers to be published inthe Space Science Series of ISSI in the firsthalf of 2007. The general satisfaction withthe opportunity to devote a whole work-ing week in the company of other world-leading experts on Mercury was madeclear by all participants. In addition, therewas time, during a special session of theworkshop, to review the status of the twofuture missions to Mercury.

Mosaic image of Mercury, made up of many pictures takenby NASA's Mariner 10 spacecraft in 1974-75. Mercurypresents a Moon-like cratered surface, it has no permanentatmosphere but it has a planetary scale magnetic field thatchallenges our understanding of the evolution of terrestri-al planets. The Workshop in ISSI addressed the unique fea-tures of the planet's surface and exosphere, supported bynew Earth-based observations. New thinking on the inte-rior of Mercury and its magnetosphere, still based on thefoundations of Mariner 10's observations, was also exten-sively reviewed.

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Forthcoming Workshops and Working Groups

Symposium on the Composition ofMatter

In November last year ISSI received a pro-posal from the Advanced CompositionExplorer (ACE) Science Team through itsPI, Edward C. Stone, to co-sponsor a Sym-posium on the Composition of Matter.The main reason of the proposers to pickISSI as a co-sponsor was because “ISSI hasproduced a regular series of outstandingbooks that are […] both the standard ref-erence and an excellent guide to currentand future researchers.” The ISSI direc-torate was happy to accept the proposalon condition that the Symposium is large-ly self-financed, as the proposers intend-ed, through registration fees of the partic-ipants. A Science Organisation Committeeled by Glenn Mason subsequently con-vened a symposium covering all aspects ofcomposition studies from primordialnucleosynthesis through the interstellarand interplanetary medium to the planetsand other bodies in the solar system. Thesymposium will be held in September2006 in Grindelwald and attended by 60-80 participants. As the symposium coin-cides with Johannes Geiss' 80th Birthday,a special session on Wednesday afternoonwill highlight his lifetime contributions tostudies of the composition of matter, withspeakers Hubert Reeves, Friedrich Bege-mann, and George Gloeckler. The sessionwill be followed by an excursion and din-ner, also to the honor of Johannes Geiss,with speeches by several surprise guests.

Origin and Early Evolution ofComet Nuclei

The Working Group on the Compositionof Comets, led by Hans Balsiger (U. ofBern), continued its activity in the 11thyear with three meetings. In addition, oneof its main tasks was to convene a work-shop on the Origin and Early Evolution ofComet Nuclei, with the team leader andKathrin Altwegg, Walter Huebner, TobyOwen, and Rita Schulz as convenors. Theworkshop is intended to bring togetherrepresentatives of several scientific com-munities in the fields of interstellar clouds,

star-forming regions, the solar nebula,and comets. The intent is to formulatethe current understanding and intercon-nectivity of the various source regions ofcomet nuclei and their associated compo-sitions and orbital characteristics. The goalis to better understand the survival ofcometary materials (grains, molecules,free radicals, and atoms) from extrasolarsources (circumstellar shells and molecularclouds), their modifications in the solarnebula, and the effects of their propertieson the formation and early physical andthermal evolution of the macroscopicbodies, the comet nuclei, in the varioussubnebulae. Closely associated is theirtransport into the outer solar system, theKuiper belt and Oort cloud. The distinc-tion between direct measurements, in situor by remote sensing, of cometary materi-al properties and properties derived fromindirect means, deduced from laboratorystudies and theoretical deductions, will beemphasized to guide future investigations.

The Workshop will be held in October2006 for 5 half-days at ISSI, followed by aone-day Symposium at the University ofBern. The Symposium will again be to thehonor of Johannes Geiss - his achieve-ments are so broad that it is impossible tocelebrate them with a single event.

Comparative Planetary Aeronomy

The workshop will take place on 25 to 29June 2007 at ISSI. The workshop will covercomparative studies of processes and sys-tems aspects controlling the generalbehaviour and structure of the upperatmospheres, ionospheres, exospheres ofsolar system bodies (terrestrial planets,giant planets, and their moons). Simila-rities and differences of the relevantphysics, chemistry, and dynamics will beaddressed. Implications for long-term evo-lution of atmospheres and for exoplanetswill also be considered. Convenors for theworkshop are: L. Bengtsson, M. Blanc, T.Cravens, I. Mueller-Wodarg, A. Nagy, andA. Balogh.

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Forums

How is the Earth climate regulated, and how do humanactivities alter its equilibrium? A large aquamarine-colouredplankton bloom is shown stretching across the length ofIreland in the North Atlantic Ocean in this Envisat image.Phytoplankton, the most abundant type of life found in theocean, are microscopic marine plants that drift on or nearthe surface of the sea. Fixing carbon dioxide from theatmosphere, algae form the base of the marine food chainand help regulate the carbon cycle and through it the glob-al climate system. Image captured on 6 June 2006 byEnvisat's Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MERIS) (Image Credit: ESA).

took place in a neutral, open-mindedatmosphere, with the common under-standing that an opening of ISSI to Earthsciences should be carried out only at theconditions that a specific and useful rolecould be identified for ISSI in Earth sci-ences, and that a clear added value couldresult from this opening for both the tra-ditional and newly addressed sciencecommunities.

After identifying the specificities of Earthwith respect to space sciences, the Forumparticipants evaluated ISSI's traditionalassets and the applicability of ISSI's toolsto the field of Earth sciences. Recommen-dations where collected from both the tra-ditional and newly addressed communi-ties as to the role that should, or shouldnot, be played by ISSI in this new field ofactivity. Finally, potential future actionswere defined, in case the path of ISSI'sengagement in Earth sciences was to befollowed.

As a result of these discussions, the Forumparticipants supported the opening ofISSI's field of activities to Earth sciences,with the recommendation that the words“international”, “space”, and “science”be maintained as keywords for future ISSIactivities also in the newly addressed activ-ity field. In particular, the importance wasstressed of maintaining science at theabsolute foreground of ISSI's activities.ISSI's profile shall thus remain that of ahighly creative, high-quality scienceground, repeatedly providing a neutralconvergence point for interdisciplinaryand international scientists.

Earth Sciences from Space

The goal of the third ISSI Forum was toassess the need for an ISSI-like institute inthe field of Earth sciences, the adequacyof ISSI's present mode of operation andtools for their potential application toactivities in Earth sciences, and the logisti-cal and financial implications of theimplied developments in case a positiveanswer was found to the first points.

The ISSI Forum on Earth sciences fromspace was held on March 2-3, 2006. Itwas attended by approximately 25 agen-cies representatives and high-ranking sci-entists active in some of the numerous dis-ciplines encompassed by the denomina-tion “Earth sciences”. The discussions

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International TeamsThirty six International Teams met at ISSIduring the eleventh year of activity.Eighteen of them resulted still from theCall for proposals 2004 or earlier dates,the other eighteen from the 2005 selec-tion.

Comet Modeling (II)Team leader: Tamas Gombosi, Universityof Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.Session: 31 May - 2 June 2006Scientific rationale: To generate a versatilesuite of comet environment models forboth weak and active comets. The teamwill generate a set of comet environmentengineering models for the new target ofthe Rosetta mission. The environmentalmodels will be validated (to the extentpossible) with remote observations of thetarget comet and of other comets as wellas with in-situ observations from previouscomet missions.

Local Late Galactic EvolutionTeam leader: Monica Tosi, OsservatorioAstronomico Bologna, ItalySession: 19-22 October 2005Scientific rationale: To study the galacticevolution as a function of time and galac-tocentric distance of nucleosyntheticallydiverse species to address questions suchas the birthplace of the Sun and inflow ofmaterial into the disc of our Galaxy. Theevolution of the isotopes of hydrogen,helium, and neon near the solar ring ofthe Galaxy is investigated by comparingsolar system data from various space mis-sions with the data on interstellar gasflowing through the heliosphere obtainedby SWICS/Ulysses.

Search for Radio Emissions fromExtra-solar PlanetsTeam leader: Daniel Winterhalter, JPL,Pasadena, USASession: 4-7 July 2005Scientific rationale: Similar to what hasbeen observed from Jupiter, strong stellarwinds and impulsive events on stars arebelieved to cause non-thermal radio emis-sions from their planets in the 10 to 1000MHz range. A study is proposed to esti-

mate the radio emission characteristics ofa suitable sub-set of known extrasolarplanets, and develop a strategy to carryout observations with the goal to detectone of them. The strategy will be imple-mented with an observation run(s) mid-2004 at a yet to be determined low fre-quency array (funded separately, via othersources).

Life and Death of Star ClustersTeam leader: Richard de Grijs, University ofSheffield, UKSession: 7-11 November 2005Scientific rationale: We aim to obtaining asignificantly improved benchmark forstudies of early cluster evolution, usingour recently developed sophisticated for-matting method that allows us to extractbasic cluster parameters for large samplesof star clusters individually (ages, masses,metallicities) from multi-passband broad-band imaging observations. We will thusbe able to confirm the exciting prospect ofwhether we are in fact witnessing proto-globular cluster formation continuing untilthe present.

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), one of the star clustersanalysed by the ISSI team no. 63, is the most massive of theMilky Way’s satellite galaxies. It is the site of the closestsupernova in modern times. The LMC is composed of a barof older red stars, clouds of younger blue stars, and abright red star forming region called the Tarantula Nebula.(Image Credit: NASA, AURA, NOAO, NSF)

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Non Linear Plasma Waves-Solitons,Periodic Waves and Oscillitons inDiverse Space Plasma Environ-ments: Observations and TheoryTeam leader: Jim McKenzie, University ofNatal, Durban, South Africa and Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemfosch-ung, Katlenburg- Lindau, GermanySession:5-10 December 2005Scientific rationale: The aim is to bringtogether experimenters and theorists todiscuss wave phenomena in a variety ofspace environments with a view to under-standing the important plasma physicalprocesses underlying recent observations.Emphasis will be placed on nonlinearwave structures, solitons, nonlinear peri-odic waves and oscillitons. Waveformsrecently observed by spacecraft (e.g.,FAST, Polar, Geotail and Cluster) and theparallel development of new theories ofnonlinear waves provide for the fruitfulexchange of information between bothcommunities of researchers.

A Collaborative Effort to Study theProduction and Transport of 1-30keV Upstream IonsTeam leader: Christian Mazelle, CNRS,Toulouse, FranceSession: 12-16 June 2006Scientific rationale: The study will bedirected towards understanding the parti-cle acceleration occurring at the Earth'sbow shock as well as the wave growthprocesses that take place upstream in theforeshock region. The production of ener-getic ions as well as their evolution in theforeshock is not fully understood so far.The intention is to examine some of theunresolved issues using observations pri-marily from the CLUSTER and WIND mis-sions, as well as theoretical models ofwaveparticle interactions.

EUV Solar Irradiance at High Helio-graphic LatitudesTeam leader: Frédéric Auchère, Institutd'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Orsay,FranceSession: 21-23 June 2006Scientific rationale: The goal is to improve

the understanding of the neutral He den-sity measurements from Ulysses at higherheliospheric latitudes, by using a line-of-sight dependent solar EUV flux and Hephotoionization rates. Changes in theGAS experiment measurements as Ulyssespasses over the solar poles are largely con-trolled by the changing photoionization ofneutral He, itself dependent on the vary-ing EUV flux with time and spacecraftposition. Using our more accurate solarinputs, the team will relate the absolutevalues of the polar GAS neutral He meas-urements to the pristine original He densi-ty of the LISM originally entering theheliosphere.

Relationship Between Solar Mag-netism and IrradianceTeam leader: Vicente Domingo, Univer-sidad de Valencia, SpainSessions: 4-7 July 2005 and 6-9 June 2006Scientific rationale: Since understandingthe drivers of solar irradiance is a funda-mental to interpreting the paleoclimatemodels which indicate climate change onthe Earth, establishing the proper relationbetween solar magnetism and irradianceis one of the highest priorities in solarresearch. The ISSI research team, com-posed of instrument scientists, data analy-sis experts, and solar theorists, will pro-duce a coherent description of the influ-ence of the photospheric magnetic fieldon the solar irradiance, based on our bestpresent knowledge. The experimentalwork will concentrate on solar cycle 23data.

Stereoscopic Reconstruction of Co-ronal and Interplanetary Structuresfrom the STEREO MissionTeam leader: Thierry Dudok de Wit,Université d'Orléans, FranceSession: 26-28 October 2005 and 15-17March 2006Scientific rationale: The twin Stereo satel-lites, which are scheduled for launch inFebruary 2006, will provide stereoscopicimages of the Sun and of the interplane-tary medium, thereby providing for thefirst time access to their 3D structure. The

International Teams

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main objective of this proposal is to bringtogether specialists from different do-mains (solar physics and image process-ing) in order to stimulate the coordinateddevelopment of techniques for Stereo.

Interaction of Large Meteoroidswith Atmosphere, MeteoroidsPropertiesTeam leader: Olga Popova, Institut forDynamic Geospheres, Moscow, RussiaSession: 29 May - 2 June 2006Scientific rationale: Little is known aboutproperties of meteorites, meteoroids andtheir parent bodies, and if their propertiesare comparable. A new opportunity existsto learn more about the mechanical, geo-physical and petrologic of meteoroids thatcreate bright observed fireballs as theyenter the atmosphere. About 25 meter-sized bodies enter Earth atmosphere everyyear and are detected by satellites world-wide. With the proposed studies weintend to improve the relationship be-tween meteoroid fragmentation data,meteorite strewnfield data, and mete-oroid-atmosphere interaction modeling.

Solar Influence on ClimateTeam leader: Leslie Gray, NCAS Centre forGlobal Atmospheric Modelling, Reading,UKSession: 19-21 April 2006Scientific rationale: The contribution ofthe Sun's variations to recent climatechange such as surface temperatureincreases and extreme weather events isstill very uncertain. Satellite observationsare important not only for establishing theobservational record of 11-year andlonger time-scale variations in total solarirradiance but also, directly and indirectlythrough assimilated datasets, in determin-ing the climate response to these varia-tions. The prime goals of the project are toreview and assess the current knowledgeand understanding of (a) the observation-al evidence for impacts of solar variationson our climate and weather, and (b) themechanisms for transfer and amplificationof the solar variation signal.

International Teams

Star Formation in the TaurusMolecular CloudTeam leader: Manuel Güdel, Paul ScherrerInstitut, Villigen, SwitzerlandSessions: 4-8 July 2005 and 4-6 January2006Scientific rationale: We propose an in-depth study of star formation centeringon our recently approved large surveyproject of the nearby Taurus MolecularCloud (TMC) star formation region,including in particular X-ray studies andaccompanying optical and infrared sur-veys. The TMC is the nearest (140 pc) star-forming region. It covers all critical evolu-tionary stages relevant for the formationof stars, brown dwarfs, and planets; it fea-tures isolated cloud cores, contractingenvelopes, thick molecular disks, embed-ded protostars, brown dwarfs, many TTauri stars, well-studied molecular out-flows, optical/radio jets, and many binarysystems. The proposed team will accom-pany the project from observing prepara-tions to data acquisition, data reduction,spectral analysis and to scientific interpre-tation.

Solar and Heliospheric Sources ofSuprathermal and Energetic Parti-cles Populations Throughout theSolar CycleTeam leader: Peter Kiraly, KFKI ResearchInstitute, Budapest, HungarySession: 23-31 March 2006Scientific rationale: Solar-heliospheric par-ticle acceleration is intimately related toreconnection processes, as well as toshocks and turbulence on various scales.Small solar flares may play a major role incoronal heating and in giving rise to thesolar wind, while large flares and CMEshave impact on space dosimetry and mayeven influence life on geological timescales. An earlier ISSI Team Project (No. 2,in 1997) on quiet-time protons is nowproposed to be extended to active peri-ods, to other species, to lower energies,and to heliospheric radial and latitudinalpositions far from the Earth orbit.Particular emphasis will be given to solarflare and CME particles in the inner helios-

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International Teams

phere. Attempts will also be made to bet-ter understand the origin of solar-helios-pheric particle populations in terms ofmodern non-equilibrium statistical mecha-nics and thermodynamics.

Comparative Cluster-Double StarMeasurements of Dayside Magne-tosphereTeam leader: Malcom Dunlop, RutherfordAppleton Laboratory, Chilton, UKSession: 30 August - 3 September 2005and 3-6 May 2006Scientific rationale: During 2004, theCluster orbit will preferentially sample theequatorward edge of the cusp region inthe northern hemisphere and cross theadjacent mantle region in the southernhemisphere. The recent launch of theDOUBLE STAR (TC-1) spacecraft into anequatorial orbit that samples the subsolarregion of the magnetopause provides aunique opportunity to investigate the cuspregion with CLUSTER in conjunction withobservations of other processes operatingon other regions of the magnetopause,specifically those at low latitudes withDOUBLE STAR. The aim of this proposal isto focus on CLUSTER-DOUBLE STAR con-junctions. A particular aim of this propos-al is to track the evolution of reconnectionsignatures, such as FTEs, from the low lat-itude regions monitored by DOUBLE STARthrough the cusp monitored by CLUSTER.This work will involve the many instru-ments onboard each spacecraft, availablevia the Co-I statuses of the team mem-bers.

Observations and Models of theSolar CycleTeam leader: Alexander Kosovichev,Stanford University, USASession: 3-7 October 2005Scientific rationale: We endeavour a jointresearch project to evaluate the currentunderstanding of the solar activity cycleand dynamo processes in the relation tothe recent advances in observations of theSun's interior, surface magnetic field andcorona from the SOHO space mission andgroundbased observatories. The main

goal is to formulate modeling and dataanalysis tasks, which will guide furtherdevelopment of theoretical model andobservational techniques. This project isessential for developing the InternationalLiving with a Star program, and planningobserving programs for future space mis-sions.

Water Content of the Upper Mar-tian SurfaceTeam leader: Diedrich Möhlmann, Institutfür Planetenforschung, Berlin, GermanySession: 19-23 June 2006Scientific rationale: The primary aim of thisISSI-supported cooperation is to advanceour understanding of water in the upperseveral meters of the Martian surface. Bycombining 1) Water- and surface-relatedobservational results from Mars Odyssey,Mars Global Surveyor, MER investigations,Mars Express, terrestrial analogue sites 2)Results of laboratory experiments onhydration/ sorption-processes of Mars-rel-evant soils, adsorption water-triggeredphotochemical processes, Influence ofsorption/ adsorption water on physicalproperties 3) Numerical thermophysicalmodeling of processes and properties,including observational and laboratorybased results to describe diurnal-, season-al-, and depth dependences of tempera-tures, structural properties, water vapordensity, sorption/ adsorption- and bulkwater, water ice, we plan to achieve a bet-ter understanding of this complex systemof soil and water in different phases andits interactions with the atmosphere andthe deeper subsurface.

Evolution of Habitable PlanetsTeam leader: Helmut Lammer, IWF Graz,AustriaSession: 20-24 February 2006Scientific rationale: The present knowl-edge of the planetary population in ourgalaxy shows that giant planets do existoutside our Solar System and indeed arefairly common. A concentrated researcheffort for the detection of Uranus-classand terrestrial planets after 2006 withCOROT (CNES), Kepler (NASA), SIM

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(NASA) and GAIA (ESA) is underway.Interdisciplinary studies concerning theevolution of habitable planets - the objec-tive of this proposal - are urgently neededin the preparation phase for Darwin (ESA)and TPF (NASA), which will search for bio-signatures in atmospheric spectra ofdetected terrestrial exoplanets. A betterunderstanding of planet formationprocesses is needed to extrapolate fromour knowledge of the Solar System andknown exoplanets to other stellar types(M, K, G and F). Terrestrial planets orbitingmature stars should be dynamically stableon undisturbed orbits-, inside their habit-able zone (HZ). To allow for the develop-ment of biospheres, it must be deter-mined whether a planet can keep itsatmosphere and water inventory insidethe HZ long enough for life to evolve.

Global Pattern of Ionospheric Ef-fects of the Large Scale InternalGravity Waves Caused by AuroralActivityTeam leader: Mark Lester, University Lei-cester, UKSessions: 12-17 September 2005Scientific rationale: The proposed projectis aimed at building the global pattern ofthe ionospheric effects of the largescaleInternal Gravity Waves (IGW) caused byauroral activity, known as Travelling Iono-spheric Disturbances (TID). The combina-tion of data from a network of ground ba-sed stations, topside sounder, in-situ mea-surements as well as from coherent andincoherent scatter radar observations willbe used. The method of TID determina-tion from topside sounding data devel-oped at the University of Sussex will betested on these data from Russian andEuropean experiments. IGW effects wereactively studied in IZMIRAN and an empir-ical model of the large-scale IGW effectsin the night ionosphere was built . Thesedetected effects together with the groundbased observational results will allow thereconstruction of the global picture of theIGW effects in both day- and night-timetopside ionosphere during strong magne-tospheric disturbances (substorms andstorms).

The Dynamic Heliosphere, VariableCosmic Environments, and TheirImprints in Earth's ArchivesTeam leader: Klaus Scherer, University ofBonn, GermanySession: 27-31 March 2006Scientific rationale: The cosmogenic iso-topes can be used as tracers of the cosmicray flux at Earth. Because cosmic rays arestrongly modulated during their propaga-tion through the heliosphere, the sophis-ticated cosmic ray transport model, devel-oped by the South African group, shall beused and combined with the hydrody-namic five-fluid Bonn model of the large-scale heliosphere to describe the state anddynamics of the heliosphere during thepast. As input to these models the cosmicray flux required for the observed cosmo-genic isotope production rate shall beused. This model will be tested against theobservations from spacecraft (e.g., Ulys-ses), concerning the relevant heliosphericparameters, like solar wind states andhigh energetic particle fluxes. Based onthis information the past galactic environ-ment around the solar system will bereconstructed with help of the cosmo-genic archives.

Titan's Ground-ionosphere Cavityafter HUYGENS Atmospheric Elec-tricity and SurfaceTeam leader: Michel Hamelin, CETP-IPSL,FranceSessions: 19-23 September 2005 and 20-24 March 2006Scientific rationale: The Permittivity, Wa-ves and Altimetry (PWA) subsystem of theHUYGENS Atmospheric Structure Instru-ment (HASI) detected an ionised layer at~60 km altitude and some electromagnet-ic waves events. The ground permittivitycan be evaluated from Mutual Impedance(MI) measurements after landing and larg-er scale electromagnetic and morphologi-cal characteristics are deduced from radaraltimeter signals processed by PWA. Theinstrument covers - along a single trajec-tory between 160 km and the ground -most of the physical parameters of Titan'sground-ionosphere cavity. There are three

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main scientific topics that will be detailedlater: 1) the physico-chemical processes(ionisation, chemical reactions, role ofaerosols...), 2) the DC and AC electromag-netic fields (Schumann resonance andother natural emissions), 3) the surfaceelectrical characteristics (permittivity andconductivity). These three aspects areobviously entangled when one studies theglobal circuit or wave propagation in theground-ionosphere cavity.

The Stages of Sun-Earth Connec-tionTeam leader: Consuelo Cid, CampusUniversitario, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona,SpainSessions: 21-24 September 2005 and 22-24 May 2006Scientific rationale: The goal of the pres-ent project is to study every stage of theSun-Earth connection through a jointanalysis and interpretation of a widerange of observational data gathered byground observations and satellites. Theresults obtained will allow us to evaluatethe predictive capabilities of different the-oretical models. The present project pro-posal joins scientists with different, butcomplementary, expertise in the differentdisciplines. In this way, a more reliablespace weather forecasting can beachieved. The international team hasexpertise in observational solar physics(SOHO), interplanetary and magnetos-pheric physics (WIND, ACE and ULYSSES),geomagnetic indices and theoretical mod-elling of solar activity and solar wind.

The RHESSI Mission: X-ray Spectraand Image Analysis by Means ofInversion MethodsTeam leader: Anna Maria Massone, INFM- LAMIA, Genova, ItalySessions: 22-28 September 2005 and 12-18 January 2006Scientific rationale: The RHESSI missionhas been launched by NASA on February5, 2002 in order to provide crucial insightsin the analysis of solar flares, by combin-ing 2D imaging with the spectral informa-tion given by high-resolution detectors.

The aim of this proposal is to performboth the analysis of RHESSI spectra andthe reconstruction of RHESSI images byapplying regularization techniques for thesolution of numerically unstable inverseproblems. Our research team is composedof scientists with physical and mathemati-cal background and has a long-standingexperience in the study of inverse prob-lems from both formal and applied sides.

Response of the Martian Iono-sphere/Thermosphere to the SolarRadiation, Solar Wind and CrustalMagnetic FieldsTeam leader: Alexander M. Krymskii,Space Physics Department, Rostov StateUniversity, RussiaSessions:27-30 September 2005 and 20-24 March 2006Scientific rationale: The data obtained as aresult of the radio science experiment andmagnetometer (MAG/ER) experimentonboard Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) areanalyzed. The characteristics of the solarradiation and solar wind were not meas-ured near Mars in the periods of the radioscience experiments and the experimentswith accelerometers. Therefore, the solarwind data and radiation have to bederived from the data obtained at thesatellites located far away from Mars (forinstance, ACE, WIND, GOESs and others).The data obtained by the accelerometersonboard MGS and Odyssey are used tostudy the global characteristics of theMartian thermosphere and the responseof the thermosphere to the crustal mag-netic fields. The accelerometer data arealso used as a reference for the analysis ofthe radio science data. When the experi-mental data regarding the response of theionosphere/thermosphere at Mars to thesolar radiation, solar wind and crustalmagnetic fields are analyzed, the results ofthe analysis are compared with the predic-tions of the models of the thermosphereand ionosphere at Mars.

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Observing The Early UniverseThanks to Einstein's GeneralRelativityTeam leader: Daniel Schaerer, Geneva,Observatory and University, SwitzerlandSession: 10-14 October 2005Scientific rationale: We have obtainedultra-deep optical to near-IR imaging withthe Very Large Telescope (VLT), the HubbleSpace Telescope (HST) and the SPITZERSpace Telescope, and Chandra X-rayobservations allowing us to identify andstudy the most distant galaxies in theUniverse found at redshift z ~ 6 -10. Wepropose to analyse, model, and interpretthis set of multi-wavelength observationswithin an international team. These obser-vations, made possible thanks to the nat-ural phenomenon of gravitational lensingbased on Einstein's General Relativity, pro-vide us with a unique insight into the earlyUniverse.

The Effect of ULF Turbulence andFlow Chaotization on PlasmaEnergy and Mass Transfer at theMagnetopauseTeam leader: Gérard Belmont, CETP/ IPSL/CNRS, Vélizy, France Session: 17-21 October 2005Scientific rationale: One of the mostimportant unresolved problems in thedilute collisionless plasmas almost every-where in the universe is energy and masstransfer across boundaries. This is fre-quently attributed to magnetic reconnec-tion. It is known by now that reconnectionproceeds on “small” scales. The requiredshort scales in reconnection can be provid-ed by electromagnetic and/or electrostaticnon-stationary fluctuations ("waves" in abroader sense). These fluctuations are theobject of this study.

Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Coup-ling and Induction Effects in aThree-dimensional Ionosphere Mo-delTeam leader: Olaf Amm, FinnishMeteorological Institute, Space Physicsprogram, Helsinki

Sessions: 31 October - 4 November 2005and 12-16 June 2006 Scientific rationale: New types of observa-tions, like tomographic techniques orupcoming ionospheric multi-satellite mis-sions, increasingly allow to obtain instan-taneous three-dimensional views of theionosphere. Therefore, it is necessary todevise new ionospheric modelling tech-niques which are able to incorporateeffects which are neglected in the presentmodels. With respect to ionospheric cur-rent systems, the main effects are ionos-pheric self- and mutual induction, and thepossibility to close currents via verticalloops inside the ionosphere. Initial studieshave already indicated that these effectscan be highly important for the under-standing of the magnetosphere-iono-sphere coupling, especially under dis-turbed geomagnetic conditions. The goalof the team is to work on the young fieldof three-dimensional ionospheric model-ling in terms of current systems, inductioneffects, and the effects on ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling, in order to writea concise review on these topics. Further,the team will act as a “think tank” forfinding new ways of improved threedi-mensional ionospheric modelling.

The Structure of the Solar Core:Search for g ModesTeam leader: Thierry Appourchaux, Institutd'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, FranceSession: 31 October - 4 November 2005Scientific rationale: The detection of solarp modes permitted the development ofhelioseismology that allowed us in returnto accurately describe the internal struc-ture and dynamics of the radiative andconvective zones. The internal structureand dynamics of the solar energy generat-ing core are not yet as well known as theouter zones are. This lack of preciseunderstanding is related to the non-detec-tion of solar gravity modes or g modes.The aim of this team is to detect and iden-tify the solar gravity g modes using differ-ent sets of data, from space based instru-ments on board the SOHO spacecraft andfrom ground-based instruments such as

International Teams

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International Teams

GONG or BiSON. This will mark a decadeof g-mode searching, and will ultimatelyresult either in g-mode detection, or insetting the requirements for future g-mode detection instrumentation.

Investigation of the Pioneer Ano-maly Team leader: Slava G. Turyshev, Astro-physics & Gravitation Group, JPL, USA Session: 7-12 November 2005Scientific rationale: To date, the Pioneer10 and 11 spacecraft are the most precise-ly navigated deep-space vehicles. How-ever, the Pioneers' orbit reconstructionswere limited by a small, anomalous, con-stant, blue-shifted, Doppler frequencydrift. The drift can be interpreted as dueto a constant sunward acceleration Thisinterpretation has become known as thePioneer anomaly. The limited data ana-lyzed previously allowed the detection ofthe anomaly in the Pioneer data, but not adetermination of its origin. The analysis ofthe entire existing Pioneer data is vital tounderstanding the anomaly and, hopeful-ly, to finding its origin. This ISSI in-vestigation could lead to a determinationof the origin of the anomaly and to a char-acterization of its physical properties.

Water in Mars Atmosphere: Com-parison of Recent Data SetsTeam leader: Oleg Korablev, Space Re-search Institute (IKI), Moscow, Russia Sessions: 14-18 November 2005 and 22-24 February 2006Scientific rationale: Comparisons of dataon the first Mars Express conference atESTEC showed a substantial disagreementamong data sets. We intend to seek indetail the origin of the apparent disagree-ment, and to understand the informationpresent in the different water vapourbands measured by different instruments.The data will be compared with MGSsimultaneous measurements (taken inthermal-IR), and with ground-based mon-itoring sequences (microwave, near-IR). Asa result we intend to introduce necessarycorrections into the retrieval techniquesused, build the MEX H2O climatology, and

to relate it to the most complete to dateMGS climatology, and to available meas-urements in the near IR obtained in Vikingepoch. The measurements will be com-pared to the most advanced Mars GlobalCirculation Models involving water cycle,for improvements of these models, andfor interpolation of data into space andtime domain where observations areunavailable.

Transiting Extra-Solar PlanetsTeam leader: Fréderic Pont, Observatoirede Genève, SwitzerlandSession: 14-16 November 2005Scientific rationale: With the COROT,Kepler and GAIA missions a flurry ofpotential new exciting results that includethe prospect of earth-size exoplanetdetections. The study team shall work on:1) the current detection statistics anddetection threshold of ground-based sur-veys and their implications on expecta-tions and observing strategies for futurespace missions 2) the potential and limita-tions of atmospheric transmission spec-troscopy through transits 3) the follow-upneeds and strategies to assess the plane-tary nature of planetary transit.

WFM (Wave Field Measurement)Team leader: François Lefeuvre, LPCE/CNRS, Orléans, FranceSession: 23-27 January 2006Scientific rationale: The aim of the study isto define how wave field measurementson board magnetospheric satellites maybe used to trace Wave Particle Interactions(WPI) involved in magnetosphere/iono-sphere/atmosphere couplings. Emergingideas will be tested from existing modelsand available satellite data. Results may beused to trigger specific observational pro-grammes of the CNES micro satelliteDEMETER (in orbit since July 2004) and toprepare the mission of CNES micro satel-lite project TARANIS (in phase A fromJanuary 2005 to June 2006).

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International Teams

Impulsive Solar Energetic ParticlesEventsTeam leader: Mark Wiedenbek, JPL, USASession: 30 January - 3 February 2006Scientific rationale: This international teamproject will review the new observationalresults that have emerged during the solarcycle 23, compile a summary of our cur-rent understanding of impulsive SolarEnergetic Proton (SEP) event characteris-tics, and attempt to clearly identify thestrengths and weaknesses of existing the-oretical models. The project results willhelp guide continuing efforts to develop adetailed theoretical understanding of im-pulsive SEP events and aid in identifyingkey observational requirements for futurespace instrumentation intended to addressthis problem.

Transient Processes and LocalizedStructures in the Magnetotail:Analysis, Modeling and TheoryTeam leader: Rumi Nakamura, Space Re-search Institute, Austrian Academy ofSciences, Graz, AustriaSession: 6-10 February 2006Scientific rationale: The task is to revisitthese different phenomena in a coordinat-ed effort, to review the observationalcharacteristics, to compare the differentanalysis techniques, and their underlyingassumptions, and to examine the associat-ed theories. The primary objective of thetask is to achieve a better understandingof these meso-scale processes, which playfundamental roles in the energy conver-sion in the Earth's magnetotail.

Assimilation of Envisat Data(ASSET): Analyses IntercomparisonProject Team leader: William Lahoz, Departmentof Meteorology, University of Reading, UKSession: 13-17 March 2006Scientific rationale: ASSET will assimilateEnvisat observations and produce quality-controlled analyses of ozone and otherspecies using a variety of assimilationmodels and techniques. To evaluate theseanalyses and the different assimilationapproaches, ASSET will carry out an analy-

ses intercomparison project. The team willanalize the results from the intercompari-son project. An expected output is peer-reviewed papers that will help address anumber of key questions in the assimila-tion of chemical constituents, and willcontribute toward improving our under-standing of climate-chemistry feedbacksin the Earth system.

Subphotospheric Dynamics of theSunTeam leader: A. Kosovichev, StanfordUniversity, USASession: 6-10 June 2006Scientific rationale: The main goals of thisteam are to review the current progress ofhelioseismic imaging of plasma flows andmagnetic structures from the SOHO spacemission and realistic numerical simula-tions, compare the observational andmodeling results, develop theoreticalinterpretations and discuss coordinatedplans for new simulations and data analy-ses from SOHO, ground-based observa-tions and future space missions, SDO,Solar-B, and Solar Orbiter.

Preparation of the scientificexploitation of SWAP and LYRA bythe SCSL teamTeam leaders: D. Berghmans and J-FHochedez for the SCSL, Royal Observatoryof Belgium Session: 20-22 June 2006Scientific rationale: PROBA 2 is an ESAtechnology demonstration mission thatcarries the scientific instruments SWAPand LYRA. The team will interpret the cal-ibration and test data provided by thedevelopment teams and produce instru-ment description papers for SWAP andLYRA in peer reviewed journals. The teamwill also produce a science operations planthat includes joint observations campaignswith other instruments on the ground andin space.

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Newly Approved International Teams

The 17 Teams below have been selectedfor implementation from the 2006 Call forInternational Teams. They requested atotal of 404 person-weeks.

Dust - plasma interactions: Obser-vations in the interplanetary mediumand in the environment of solar sys-tem objectsTeam leader: I. Mann (D)

Aeronomy of TitanTeam leader: I. Mueller-Wodarg (UK)

Advances in the scientific basis formonitoring, modelling and predictingspace weatherTeam leader: A. Belehaki (GR)

Comparative Cluster-Double Star mea-surements in the Magnetotail Team leaders: M. Dunlop, A. Fazakerley(UK)

Data assimilation for Solar Dynamicsand Dynamo and forecast of solar acti-vity cycleTeam leader: A. Kosovichev (USA)

Coronal hard X-ray sourcesTeam leader: S. Krucker-Hudson (USA)

The Rhessi mission: inversion methodsfor imaging spectroscopyTeam leader: R.M. Massone (I)

Waves in the Solar CoronaTeam leader: V. Nakariakov (UK)

The role of spectroscopic and imagingdata in understanding coronal heatingTeam leader: S. Parenti (B)

Role of current sheets in solar eruptiveeventsTeam leader: G. Poletto (I)

Investigating Solar diameter, shapeand irradianceTeam leader:J.-P. Rozelot (F)

Effects of heliospheric breathing dueto Solar cycle variations from back-scattered Ly-alpha Team leader: V. Izmodenov (RUS)

AsteroFLAG: from the Sun to the StarsTeam leader: W. Chaplin (UK)

Star cluster formation and evolution incontext of quiescent versus violent starformation paradigmTeam leader: R. de Grijs (UK)

Non-vialized X-ray components inCluster of GalaxiesTeam leader: J. Kaastra (NL)

Electron-positron annihilation in theMilky Way: from positron sources toannihilation sitesTeam leader: N. Prantzos (F)

Formation of cyclotron lines in neu-tron star accretion columnsTeam leader: J. Wilms (D)

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Visiting ScientistsIndividual scientists are invited for extend-ed periods to work on scientific subjects atthe forefront in areas of interest to ISSI.Their stay may include periods of jointactivity with other colleagues. The resultsof this research are to be published asbooks or in major scientific journals, withappropriate acknowledgement to ISSI.

The following ten visiting scientistsworked at ISSI during the eleventh busi-ness year.

Ivano Bertini, Department of Astronomy,University of Padova, Padova, Italy, 85days.

Michel Blanc, Study director of ISSI andresearch scientist at CESR, Toulouse,France, 20 days.

Len Culhane, Mullard Space ScienceLaboratory, Dorking Surrey, UnitedKingdom, 17 days.

Len Fisk, Department of Atmospheric,Oceanic & Space Sciences College ofEngineering, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, USA, 5 days.

Bernd Heber, Abteilung für Extrater-restrische Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 2 days.

Vladimir Izmodenov, Department ofAeromechanics, Faculty of Mechanics andMathematics, Moscow State University,Moscow, Russia, 50 days.

Marius Potgieter, School of Physics,North-West University, Potchefstroom,South Africa, 2 days.

Rudolf Treumann, Geophysics Section,Department of Geosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany,58 days.

Robert Wimmer-Schweingruber, Ab-teilung für Extraterrestrische Physik,Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel,Kiel, Germany, 4 days.

Thomas Zurbuchen, Deptartment ofAtmospheric, Oceanic & Space SciencesCollege of Engineering, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, USA, 15 days.

Johannes Geiss (right) talking to Rudolf Treumann, visitingscientist from Geophysics Section, Department of Geo-sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.Prof. Treumann is also a member of ISSI’s ScienceCommittee.

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Events, Seminars, and Media

Special Events

Einstein Celebration Day, 9 July 2005

Sometime in 2002 Johannes Geiss calledfor a small ad-hoc gathering of physicistsin order to brainstorm ways and means tocelebrate the upcoming centennial ofEinstein’s annus mirabilis 1905 in Bern.This gathering developed into the ForumEinstein 2005, a group of about 12 physi-cists from ISSI, the University of Bern, andother Swiss Universities, chaired by GerdGrasshoff. The Forum regularly met at ISSIand initiated many activities to celebratethis singular event, among which the verysuccessful special exhibition at the BernHistorical Museum. The main task of theForum was to organize a celebration day,which consisted of a scientific symposiumin the forenoon, followed by a Festakt inthe afternoon of 9 July 2005. The sympo-sium was to highlight the three fields thatEinstein revolutionized in 1905: the pho-ton, Brownian motion, and relativity. Eachof these fields was highlighted in a collo-quium talk by a leading scientist: AntonZeilinger, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, andAlan Guth. Held in the Burgerratssaal ofthe Kulturcasino in Bern, the symposiumwas attended by nearly 300 ranging fromprofessionals to students and the generalpublic. The subsequent Festakt was heldin the Concert Hall of the same place andattended by nearly 1000. The President ofthe Swiss Confederation, Samuel Schmid,

not only presented Einstein’s military serv-ice booklet, but in his speech also men-tioned ISSI as a source for his fascinationin science and in space. Then the presi-dent of the Einstein Society Peter Frickerpresented the Einstein Medal 2005 toMurray Gell-Mann, who in turn fascinatedeveryone with his talk on Einstein’s Leg-acy: Like Einstein we should never stopasking questions, in particular the ques-tion Why Not?, even though most of thetime there are good reasons why not.Thanks to sponsoring by the Beer-Brawand-Fonds, the BurgergemeindeBern, the Swiss National Science Founda-tion, the University of Bern, and ISSI, boththe Symposium and the Festakt were re-corded on video and issued as two DVDs,which can be obtained from ISSI uponrequest.

ISSI in the Media

Interview with R. von Steiger at ArirangInternational TV, Seoul, “Heart to Heart”,4 October 2005.

Article ‘Ehre für Berner Physiker Geiss’,informing about the William Bowie Me-dal, awarded to J. Geiss from the Ame-rican Geophysical Union. The medal rec-ognizes outstanding contributions to fun-damental geophysics and unselfish coop-eration in research. In Berner Zeitung, 29December 2005.

Article ‘Geiss receives 2005 William BowieMedal’, EOS, Vol. 87, no. 3, 2006, p. 28.

Interview on ‘Fahren 20-jährige Autosnoch?’ with R. von Steiger. By F. Gasser, inBerner Zeitung, 3 August 2005, p. 3.

Miscellaneous

30 November 2005Volker Liebig, Head of ESA’s Earth obser-vation division, visited ISSI.

2 December 2005R.-M. Bonnet and Y. Calisesi presentedISSI’s scientific activities at the Institute ofApplied Physics, University of Bern.

Cover of the DVD produced in memory of the EinsteinCelebration Day.

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Presentations

27 June - 1 July 2005 - Y. Calisesi, with N.Kämpfer and K. Hocke: The natural variabilityof stratospheric and mesospheric ozone asobserved over Europe by ground-basedremote sensors, International Conference onSolar Variability and Earth Climate, MontePorzio Catone, Italy.

5 July 2005 - G. Paschmann: (Invited) Themagnetopause structure and reconnection,8th International Workshop on the Interre-lationship between Plasma Experiments inLaboratory and Space (IPELS), Tromso, Norway.

9 August 2005 - Y. Calisesi, with N. Kämpferand K. Hocke: Characterization of hourly todecadal cycles in stratospheric and mesospher-ic ozone as observed over Europe by ground-based remote sounders, IAMAS, Beijing,China.

19 September 2005 - R.-M. Bonnet: SOHO,Cluster, Double Star, the Sun and the Earth,Cluster-Double Star ESA Symposium, ESTEC,The Netherlands.

19 September 2005 - G. Paschmann: The ISSIBook on Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries:Cluster Results, Cluster 5 Years Conference,ESTEC, The Netherlands.

3 October 2005 - R. von Steiger: Einstein inBern 1905, Seoul National Science Museum,South Korea.

4 October 2005 - R. von Steiger: (presentationand roundtable discussion) Scientific collabo-ration - a contribution to World peace?, SeoulNational University, South Korea.

5 October 2005 - R. von Steiger: Einstein inBern 1905, Korean Advanced Institute ofScience and Technology (KAIST), Daejon,South Korea.

5 October 2005 - R. Kallenbach: (Invited)Summary of the ISSI workshop on outer plan-ets, Workshop on Jupiter System Exploration,EADS Astrium, Toulouse, France.

6 October 2005 - R. von Steiger: Einstein inBern 1905, Tokyo Institute of Technology (TIT),Japan.

18 October 2005 - R.-M. Bonnet: Voyage vers

l'Infiniment Grand, CCSTI Agora des Sciences,Marseille, France.

26 October 2005 - 8 Februar 2006 - R. Kallen-bach: Plasmaphysik der Heliosphäre und derplanetaren Magnetosphären (Plasma Physicsof the Heliosphere and the Planetary Magne-tospheres), University of Bern, Wintersemester2005/6 (2h/week), lecture notes pp. 403.

2 November 2005 - R.-M. Bonnet: LaRecherche Spatiale à l'Horizon 2015, La Poli-tique Spatiale Européenne: Quelle ambitionpour 2015, Colloquium French Senate, Paris,France.

3 November 2005 - K. Fishbaugh: (Invited) Therole of gypsum in the north polar region ofMars, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS)seminar, Orsay, France.

21 November 2005 - K. Fishbaugh: (Invited)Glaciation on Mars and implications for astro-biology, Astrobiology: Life in Extreme Condi-tions workshop, Oslo, Norway.

23 November 2005 - K. Fishbaugh: (Invited)The polar deposits on Mars: Geologic historyand unanswered questions, Mars GeophysicalEuropean Network (MAGE) workshop,Brussels, Belgium.

2 December 2005 - R.-M. Bonnet: TheInternational Space Science Institute in Bern.Ten years of scientific achievements. Futurepotentialities, Microwave Physics and Environ-mental Diagnostics Seminars, Institute ofApplied Physics, University of Bern, Switzer-land.

2 December 2005 - Y. Calisesi: (Rapporteurpresentation) The ISSI workshop on SolarVariability and Planetary Climates, MicrowavePhysics and Environmental DiagnosticsSeminars, Institute of Applied Physics,University of Bern, Switzerland.

5 December 2005 - K. Fishbaugh, with Y.Langevin, F. Poulet, J-P. Bibring: The role ofgypsum in the Mars North Polar Region, AGUFall Meeting, San Francisco, USA.

Staff Activities

Listed are activities in which ISSI staff scientists participat-ed between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2006. This includespresentations given, meetings attended, honours received,and chairmanships held.

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5 December 2005 - R. von Steiger: ThermalProperties of Heavy Ions throughout theHeliosphere: 39 Solar Wind Species fromUlysses-SWICS, AGU Fall Meeting, SanFrancisco, USA.

6 December 2006 - J. Geiss: (Invited) The SwissApollo Solar Wind Collection Experiments -Reminescenses, Counsulate General of Swi-tzerland in San Francisco, USA.

8 December 2005 - R.-M. Bonnet: TheAchievements of European Space Science, 1stAppleton Space Conference, RutherfordAppleton Laboratory, UK.

12 December 2005 - R. Kallenbach: (Invited)Jupiter as representative for the isotopic com-position of the early solar nebula, Workshopon a Future Mission to Europa and the JovianSystem, Centre Nationale d'Etudes Spatiales,Paris, France.

16 December 2005 - R. von Steiger: FromE=mc2 to modern physics, Chinese Academyof Sciences, Beijing, China.

23 December 2005 - Y. Calisesi: (Invited) Thesolar signal in middle atmospheric ozone, Mi-crowave Physics and Environmental Diagnos-tics Seminars, Institute of Applied Physics,University of Bern, Switzerland.

9 January 2006 - R. von Steiger: ISSI and theIHY, International Heliophysical Year EuropeanGeneral Assembly, Centre National de laRecherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France.

9 February 2006 - K. Fishbaugh: (Invited)Geologic history of the polar regions andimplications for astrobiology, Mars Geo-physical European Network (MAGE) work-shop, Berlin, Germany.

22 February 2006 - R. von Steiger: (Invited)Elemental abundances in the heliosphere:from photosphere to the interstellar medium,ILWS Workshop on The Solar Influence on theHeliosphere and Earth's Environment: RecentProgress and Prospects, Goa, India.

27 February 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: Le Téle-scope Spatial Hubble: L'Univers dévoilé, Citéde l'Espace, Toulouse, France.

3 March 2006 - R. von Steiger: (Invited)Elemental composition of the solar wind: con-sequences for the heliosheath, Fifth Annual

IGPP Conference on Physics of the InnerHeliosheath: Voyager Observations, Theory,and Future prospects, Honolulu, HI, USA.

7 March 2006 - R. Kallenbach, with M. Hil-chenbach: (Invited) The injection problem forthe solar wind termination shock: Quasi-lineartheory and inferences from Voyager observa-tions, 5th Annual IGPP International Astro-physics Conference on ‘The Physics of theInner Heliosheath: Voyager Observations, The-ory, and Future Prospects’, Waikiki Beach, HI.

13 March 2006 - K. Fishbaugh, with F. Poulet,Y. Langevin, V. Chevrier, and J-P. Bibring: Theorigin of gypsum in the Mars north polarregion, 7th Lunar and Planetary Science Con-ference, Houston, TX, USA.

17 March 2006 - A. Balogh: Presentation ofISSI to visiting Russian Earth Observation scien-tists, Swiss-Russian Seminar, Davos-Zürich-Bern, Switzerland.

17 March 2006 - Y. Calisesi: (Invited) Hourly todecadal cycles in middle atmopsheric ozonefrom ground-based NDSC measurements,Swiss-Russian Seminar, Davos-Zürich-Bern,Switzerland.

17 March 2006 - K. Fishbaugh, with C. Hvid-berg: Martian north polar layered deposits:Stratigraphy and relative accumulation ratepatterns, 7th Lunar and Planetary ScienceConference, Houston, TX, USA.

26 March 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: StrategicConsiderations to go to Space: the Fundamen-tal Role of Space Research, Culture and Astro-nomy 2006, Bibliotheca of Alexandria, Egypt.

28 March 2006 - A. Balogh: Pro-ISSI talk onthe heliosphere, ISSI.

3 April 2006 - Y. Calisesi: The stratosphericozone response to the 11-year solar cycle asobserved by ground-based NDSC instruments,General Assembly of the European Geosci-ences Union, Vienna, Austria.

3 April 2006 - R. Kallenbach: (Invited)Evolution of solar wind turbulence from theSun to the heliosheath, General Assembly ofthe European Geosciences Union, Vienna,Austria.

10 April 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: PerspectiveViews on Solar and Space Physics, Celebration

Staff Activities

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of Claudio Chiuderi’s 70th Birthday, ArcetriAstronomical Observatory, Florence, Italy.

19 April 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: Souvenirs deSOHO, Colloquium for celebrating the 10thanniversary of SOHO, IAS Orsay, France.

25 April 2006 - R. Kallenbach: (Invited)Isotopic composition of the solar sytem,Faraday Discussions 133 of the Royal Societyof Chemistry ‘Chemical Evolution of theUniverse’, Abbaye St. Jacut-de-la-Mer, France.

2-8 May 2006 - Y. Calisesi, with R. van Ossand V. Soebijanta: Regridding of remote sens-ing retrievals: formalism and application toGOME vs Microwave ozone profile compari-son, Atmospheric Science Conference, ESAESRIN, Frascati, Italy.

3 May 2006 - A. Balogh: Presentation of ISSIReport to ESA Space Science AdvisoryCommittee.

5 May 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: La ConquêteSpatiale: Aventure Humaine et Scientifique,Mairie de Marseille, France.

5 May 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: L'Europe dans lesEtoiles, Comité Européen, Marseille, France.

11 May 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: SOHO Me-mories, Lessons learnt, Keynote Speech at ESASOHO-17 Colloquium, Naxos Gardens, Sicily.

12 May 2006 - K. Fishbaugh: (Invited) Effect ofimpacts on planetary habitability, InternationalConference on Impact Cratering in the SolarSystem, Noordwijk, The Netherlands.

16 May 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: Le TélescopeSpatial, Seize ans déjà, AAAF Conférence,Mairie du 5ème Arrondissement, Paris, France.

22 May 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: Science andExploration, 2006 Seminar, University of Liège,Belgium.

23 May 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: La Place del'Europe dans la Stratégie Spatiale Mondiale,2006 Seminar, University of Liège, Belgium.

21 June 2006 - R. Kallenbach: (Invited)Isotopic abundance ratios as tracers for plane-tary formation processes, Teeseminar, MaxPlanck Institute for Solar System Research,Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany.

Meetings

6 July 2005 - R.-M. Bonnet: EuropeanAstronomical Society, JENAM meeting, Liège,Belgium.

13-17 July 2005 - Y. Calisesi: Visiting Scientist,Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brus-sels, Belgium.

25-28 July 2005 - R.-M. Bonnet: AlpbachSummer School 2005, Austria.

24-28 October 2005 and 28 May - 2 June2006 - K. Fishbaugh: Visiting Scientist, NielsBohr Institute, University of Copenhagen,Denmark.

5-9 December 2005 - J. Geiss: AGU FallMeeting, San Francisco CA, USA.

9-13 January 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: Official visitto Taïwan.

17 January 2006 - Y. Calisesi: Participation inthe IFRI-CFE Workshop on GMES, IEOS, andGEOSS: 'The Global Earth Observation Systemand its U.S. and European Components: Chal-lenges and Impact', IFRI-CFE, Paris, France.

14-19 January 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: Officialvisit to India.

12-14 February 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: Officialvisit to Montreal, Canada.

15-16 February 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: Board ofTrustees of the AUI, Washington, USA.

15-16 February 2006 - Y. Calisesi: Participationin the ESA Strategy Workshop: 'The ChangingEarth - Scientific Challenges for ESA's LivingPlanet Programme', Frascati, Italy.

28 February 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: Conseild'Orientation de la Commémoration du50ème anniversaire de Spoutnik-1, Toulouse,Cité de l'Espace, France.

14-15 March 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: AmericanAstronautical Society, Goddard Symposium,Greenbelt Maryland, USA.

20-23 March 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet and R. vonSteiger: COSPAR Bureau and CommitteesMeetings, Paris, France.

Staff Activities

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Staff Activities

30-31 March 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: Officialvisit to Cairo, Egypt.

2 April 2006 - A. Balogh: Ulysses ScienceWorking Team, Vienna, Austria.

8 April 2006 - R. von Steiger: Editorial Com-mittee of Space Science Reviews, Vienna,Austria.

3-7 April 2006 - A. Balogh: General Assemblyof the European Geosciences Union, Vienna,Austria.

15 May 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: ESA SPC meet-ing, Paris, France.

16 May 2006 - R.-M. Bonnet: ESA ExplorationProgram Advisory Committee, Paris, France.

Honours

R.-M. Bonnet: 2006 Advancement ofInternational Cooperation Award of theAmerican Astronautical Society.

R.-M. Bonnet: Prix 2006 des Amis de la Cité del'Espace.

Y. Calisesi: 2006 Recipient of the AtmosphericChemistry and Physics Award, AtmosphericPhysics and Chemistry Commission, SwissAcademy of Sciences.

K.Fishbaugh: American-Scandinavian Founda-tion fellowship grant.

J. Geiss: Bowie Medal 2005, American geo-physical Union.

Chairmanships

R.-M. Bonnet: President of COSPAR.

R.-M. Bonnet: Chairman of the InternationalAdvisory Committee for the InternationalHeliospheric Year.

R.-M. Bonnet: Président du Conseil d'Orienta-tion de l'Exposition de Commémoration du50ème anniversaire de Spoutnik-1.

Y. Calisesi: Member, PhD Thesis Comittee,Coralie de Clercq, on 'Intégration de difféer-ents systèmes et techniques pour la télédétec-

tion de gaz en trace dans l'atmosphère glob-ale', University of Liège, Belgium, 2005-2006.

K. Fishbaugh: Member of Science OrganizingCommittee and Session Convener, Astrobio-logy Science Conference, Washington D.C.,27-31 March 2006. Session Convened: ‘Sur-face vs. Subsurface Habitability of Mars’.

K. Fishbaugh: Member of Science OrganizingCommittee, International Conference onImpact Cratering in the Solar System,Noordwijk, 8-12 May 2006.K. Fishbaugh: Session chair, Mars ExpressResults, Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, 5December 2005.

R. Kallenbach: Member of the ScientificAdvisory Committee of the XVIIIth Rencontresde Blois ‘Planetary science: challenges anddiscoveries’, 28 May - 2 June 2006, Chateaude Blois, France.

R. von Steiger: Festsymposium Einstein 2005,Bern, 9 July 2005.

R. von Steiger: Elected Full Member of theInternational Academy of Astronautics (IAA),Paris, 21 March 2006.

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Staff Publications

Listed are all papers written or co-authored by ISSI staffthat were submitted or that appeared between 1 July 2005and 30 June 2006.

Segers et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 5,S2013-S2017, 2005.

Calisesi, Y., and K. Matthes, Middle atmos-pheric ozone response to the 11-year solarcycle, in Y. Calisesi, R.-M. Bonnet, L. Gray, J.Langen, and M. Lockwood (eds.), SpaceSciences Series of ISSI, New York: Springer,and Space Science Reviews, in press, 2006.

Calisesi, Y., K. Hocke and N. Kämpfer, The nat-ural variability of stratospheric and mesospher-ic ozone as observed over Switzerland by aground-based microwave remote sensor, inSolar Variability and the Earth's Climate,Mem. S. A. It., 76, 937-940, 2005.

Calisesi, Y., V.T. Soebijanta, and R. van Oss,Regridding of remote sounding measure-ments: formulation and application to ozoneprofile comparison, J. Geophys. Res., 110,D23306, doi:10.1029/2005JD006122, 2005.

Calisesi, Y., R. van Oss, and V.T. Soebijanta,Regridding of remote sensing retrievals: for-malism and application to GOME vsmicrowave ozone profile comparison, inProceedings of the Atmospheric ScienceConference, ESA-ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 2006,ESA SP-628, edited by C. Zehner and H.Lacoste, 2006.

Cargill, P.J., B. Lavraud, C.J. Owen, B. Grison,M.W. Dunlop, N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin, C.P.Escoubet, G. Paschmann, T.D. Phan, L. Rezeau,Y. Bogdanova and K. Nykyri, Cluster at theMagnetospheric Cusps, Space Sci. Rev. 118,321-366, doi:10.1007/s11214-005-3835-0,2005.

Carr, C., P. Brown, T.L. Zhang, J. Gloag, T.Horbury, E. Lucek, W. Magnes, H. O'Brien, T.Oddy, U. Auster, P. Austin, O. Aydogar, A. Ba-logh, W. Baumjohann, T. Beek, H. Eichel-berger, K.H. Fornacon, E. Georgescu, K.H.Glassmeier, M. Ludlam, R. Nakamura, I. Rich-ter, The Double Star magnetic field investiga-tion: instrument design, performance andhighlights of the first year's observations, Ann.Geophys., 23, 2713-2732, 2005.

De Keyser, J., M.W. Dunlop, C.J. Owen, B.U.Ö.Sonnerup, S.E. Haaland, A. Vaivads, G. Pasch-

Alexeev, I.V., C.J. Owen, A.N. Fazakerley, A.Runov, J.P. Dewhurst, A. Balogh, H. Reme, B.Klecker, L. Kistler, Cluster observations of cur-rents in the plasma sheet during reconnection,Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03101, 2005.

Archer, M., T.S. Horbury, E.A. Lucek, C. Ma-zelle, A. Balogh, I. Dandouras, Size and shapeof ULF waves in the terrestrial foreshock, J.Geophys. Res., 110, A05208, 2005.

Asano, Y., R. Nakamura, W. Baumjohann, A.Runov, Z. Voros, M. Volwerk, T.L. Zhang, A.Balogh, B. Klecker, H. Rème, How typical areatypical current sheets? Geophys. Res. Lett.,32, L03108, 2005.

Balogh, A., S.J. Schwartz, S.D. Bale, M.A.Balikhin, D. Burgess, T.S. Horbury, V.V. Kras-noselskikh, H. Kucharek, B. Lembege, E.A. Lu-cek, E. Möbius , M. Scholer, M.F. Thomsen,S.N. Walker, Cluster at the bow shock: intro-duction, Space Sci. Rev., 118, 155-160, 2005.

Bonnet, R.M., SOHO, Cluster, Double star -The Sun and the Earth, Proceedings of ESAConference Cluster and Double StarSymposium, 5th Anniversary of Cluster inSpace, 18-23 September 2005, ESTEC, ESASP-598, 1-6, 2006.

Bonnet, R.M., Hubert Curien Obituary, PhysicsToday, Vol. 59, No. 3, 86-89, March 2006.

Bonnet, R.M., Assessing solar variability, in Y.Calisesi, R.-M. Bonnet, L. Gray, J. Langen, andM. Lockwood (eds.), Solar Variability andPlanetary Climates, Space Sciences Series ofISSI, New York: Springer, and Space ScienceReviews, in press, 2006.

Bonnet, R.M., What do we know about theclimate of terrestrial planets?, in Y. Calisesi,R.-M. Bonnet, L. Gray, J. Langen, and M.Lockwood (eds.), Solar Variability andPlanetary Climates, Space Sciences Series ofISSI, New York: Springer, and Space ScienceReviews, in press, 2006.

Bonnet, R.-M., Organizations and Strategies inAstronomy 7, Foreword, A. Heck Ed., Springer,Dordrecht, in press, 2006.

Calisesi, Y., Forum Earth Sciences from Space,March 2-3 2006, ISSI Internal Report, 2006.

Calisesi, Y., Comment on “Validation of IFE-1.6 SCIAMACHY limb ozone profiles” by A.J.

36

Staff Publications

mann, R. Lundin and L. Rezeau, Magneto-pause and Boundary Layer, Space Sci. Rev.118, 231–320, 2005.

de Koning, C.A., J.T. Steinberg, J.T. Gosling,D.B. Reisenfeld, R.M. Skoug, O.C. St Cyr, M.L.Malayeri, A. Balogh, A. Rees, D.J. McComas,An unusually fast interplanetary coronal massejection observed by Ulysses at 5 AU on 15November 2003, J. Geophys. Res., 110,A01102, 2005.

Dougherty, M.K., N. Achilleos, N. Andre, C.S.Arridge, A. Balogh, C. Bertucci, M.E. Burton,S.W.H. Cowley, G. Erdos, G. Giampieri, K.H.Glassmeier, K.K. Khurana, J. Leisner, F.M. Neu-bauer, C.T. Russell, E.J. Smith, D.J. Southwood,B.T. Tsurutani, Cassini magnetometer observa-tions during Saturn orbit insertion, Science,307, 1266-1270, 2005.

Duan, Su-Ping Liu, Zhen-Xing Cao, Jin-Bin Shi,Jian-Kui Lu, Li Li, Zhong-Yuan Zong G., H.Rème, N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin, A. Balogh, M.Andre, M., Analysis of the Interaction betweenLow-Frequency Waves and Ions in the High-Altitude Cusp Region Observed by SatelliteCluster, Chinese Phys. Lett., 23, 5, 1351-1354,2006.

Dumitru, M.C., K. Hocke, N. Kämpfer, and Y.Calisesi, Comparison and validation studiesrelated to ground-based microwave observa-tions of ozone in the stratosphere and mesos-phere, J. Atm. Sol. Terr. Phys., 68, pp. 745-756, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.11.001, 2006.

Eastwood, J.P., A. Balogh, E.A. Lucek, C. Ma-zelle, I. Dandouras, Quasi-monochromatic ULFforeshock waves as observed by the four-spacecraft Cluster mission: 1. Statistical prop-erties, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A11219, 1-14,2005.

Eastwood, J.P., A. Balogh, E.A. Lucek, C. Ma-zelle, I. Dandouras, Quasi-monochromatic ULFforeshock waves as observed by the four-spacecraft Cluster mission: 2. Oblique propa-gation J. Geophys. Res., 110, A11220, 1-12,2005.

Erdos, G., A. Balogh, In situ observations ofmagnetic field fluctuations, HeliosphericCosmic Ray Transport, Modulation and Turbu-lence, 35, 25-635, 2005.

Eriksson, A.I., M. André, B. Klecker, H. Laakso,P.-E. Lindqvist, F. Mozer, G. Paschmann, A.

Pedersen, J. Quinn, R. Torbert, K. Torkar and H.Vaith, Electric field measurements on Cluster:Comparing the Double-Probe and Electron-Drift techniques, Ann. Geophys. 24, 275-289,2006.

Fishbaugh, K. and C. Hvidberg, Martian NorthPolar Layered Deposits Stratigraphy: Impli-cations for Accumulation Rates and Flow, J.Geophys. Res., 111, E06012, doi:10.1029/2005JE002571, 2006.

Fishbaugh, K., E. Pierazzo, and N. Barlow,Report on the International Impact Crateringin the Solar System Conference, Eos, AGU,2006, in press.

Gazis, P.R., A. Balogh, S. Dalla, R. Decker, B.Heber, T. Horbury, A. Kilchenmann, J. Kota, H.Kucharek, H. Kunow, D. Lario, M.S. Potgieter,J.D. Richardson, P. Riley, L. Rodriguez, G.Siscoe, and R. von Steiger, Interplanetary coro-nal mass ejections at high latitudes and in theouter heliosphere - Report of Working GroupH, in H. Kunow, N. Crooker, J. Linker, R.Schwenn, and R. von Steiger (eds.), CoronalMass Ejections, Space Sciences Series of ISSI,New York: Springer, and Space ScienceReviews, in press, 2006.

Gloag, J.M., A. Balogh, Shock parameter cal-culations at weak interplanetary shock waves,Ann. Geophys., 23, 545-552, 2005.

Gudmandsen, P., Y. Calisesi, and co-authors,ESA EO Strategy Workshop: 180 European sci-entists joined a two-day workshop in Frascatito define the scientific strategy for futuresatellite missions, EARSeL Newsletter, in press,2006.

Haaland, S., G. Paschmann and B.U.Ö. Sonne-rup, Comment on "A New Interpretation ofWeimer et al's Solar Wind Propagation Tech-nique", J. Geophys. Res. 111, A06102, doi:10.1029/2005JA011376, 2006.

Hasegawa, H., B.U.Ö. Sonnerup, C.J. Owen, B.Klecker, G. Paschmann, A. Balogh and H.Rème, The structure of flux transfer eventsrecovered from Cluster data, Ann. Geophys.24, 603-618, 2006.

Hocke, K., N. Kämpfer, D.G. Feist, Y. Calisesi,J.H. Jiang, and S. Chabrillat, Temporal Vari-ance of Lower Mesospheric Ozone overSwitzerland during Winter 2000/2001, Geo-phys. Res. Lett., 33, L09801, doi:10.1029/2005GL025496, 2006.

37

Staff Publications

Igarashi, K., T. Terasawa, T. Mukai, K. Bamert,R. Kallenbach, and B. Klecker, Wave-ParticleInteraction in the Bastille Shock of Year 2000,Frontiers in Magnetospheric Plasma Physics:Celebrating 10 Years of Geotail Operation.Proc. 16th COSPAR Colloq., July 24-26, 2002,ISAS, Kanagawa, Japan. M. Hoshino, Y.Omura, and L.J. Lanzerotti (eds.). Elsevier,Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2005, p.285.

Kallenbach, R. and K. Bamert, Ion accelerationat CME-driven shocks: Wave and particleobservations by ACE/MAG and SOHO/CELIAS,ACE News 91 - August 30, 2005.

Kallenbach, R., K. Bamert, M. Hilchenbach etal., Excitation of Proton Cyclotron Waves atInterplanetary Travelling Shocks: ACE/MAGand SOHO/Celias Observations, Proc. SolarWind 11 / SOHO 16, Connecting Sun andHeliosphere Conf. (ESA SP-592). 12-17 June2005, Whistler, Canada. Editors: B. Fleck, T.H.Zurbuchen, H. Lacoste. Published on CDROM., p.74.1

Kallenbach, R. and M. Hilchenbach, Is thesolar wind termination shock a cosmic-raymediated shock?, in AIP Conf. Proc. of the 5thIGPP Conf. The Physics of the Inner Helios-heath: Voyager Observations, Theory, and Fu-ture Prospects, J. Heerikhuisen and G.P. Zank(eds.), in press, 2006.

Kallenbach, R., Turbulence and Ion Accele-ration in the Outer Heliosphere, in The Physicsof the Solar Wind Termination Region, V.V.Izmodenov and R. Kallenbach (eds.), ISSIScientific Report, in press, 2006.

Kallenbach, R., M. Hilchenbach, and K.Bamert, Self-Consistent Adjustment of theFlux of Energetic Ions and their InjectionThreshold at the Solar Wind TerminationShock, Proc. Solar Wind 11 / SOHO 16,Connecting Sun and Heliosphere Conf. (ESASP-592). 12-17 June 2005, Whistler, Canada.Editors: B. Fleck, T.H. Zurbuchen, H. Lacoste.Published on CD ROM., p.75.1

Kallenbach, R., K. Bamert, M. Hilchenbach,and C.W. Smith, Observations of turbulencenear interplanetary travelling shocks, in Physicsof Collisionless Shocks, G. Li. G.P. Zank, andC.T. Russell (eds.), AIP Conf. Proc. 781, 129-134, 2005.

Kallenbach, R., M. Hilchenbach, S.V. Chalov,J.A. le Roux and K. Bamert, On the "injection

problem” at the solar wind termination shock,Astron. Astrophys. 439, 1-22, 2005.

Möbius, E. and R. Kallenbach, Acceleration inthe Heliosphere, The solar system and beyond:ten years of ISSI, J. Geiss and B. Hultqvist(eds.), 165-182, 2005.

Nakamura, R., O. Amm, H. Laakso, N.C.Draper, M. Lester, A. Grocott, B. Klecker, I.W.McCrea, A. Balogh, H. Rème, M. Andre,Localized fast flow disturbance observed in theplasma sheet and in the ionosphere, Ann.Geophys., 23, 553-566, 2005.

Nykyri, K., B. Grison, P.J. Cargill, B. Lavraud, E.Lucek, I. Dandouras, A. Balogh, N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin, H. Rème, Origin of the turbulentspectra in the high-altitude cusp: Clusterspacecraft observations, Ann. Geophys., 24, 3,1057-1075, 2006.

Paschmann, G., Breaking through the lines,Nature 439, 144-145, 2006.

Paschmann, G., Durchbruch auf ganzer Linie,Physik Journal 3, 16, 2006.

Petrukovich, A. A., T.L. Zhang, W. Baum-johann, R. Nakamura, A. Runov, A. Balogh, C.Carr, Oscillatory magnetic flux tube slippage inthe plasma sheet, Ann. Geophys., 24, 6,1695-1704, 2006.

Phan, T.D., C.P. Escoubet, L. Rezeau, R.A.Treumann, A. Vaivads, G. Paschmann, S.A.Fuselier, D. Attié, A. Rogers and B.U.Ö.Sonnerup, Magnetopause Processes, SpaceSci. Rev. 118, 367-424, doi:10.1007/s11214-005-3836-z, 2005.

Phan, T.D., J.T. Gosling, M.S. Davis, R.M.Skoug, M. Øieroset, R.P. Lin, R.P. Lepping, D.J.McComas, C.W. Smith, H. Rème, A. Balogh, Amagnetic reconnection X-line extending morethan 390 Earth radii in the solar wind, Nature,439, 7073, 175-178, 2006.

Rodriguez, L., A. Zhukov, J. Woch, N. Krupp,R. von Steiger, and R. Forsyth, In-situ andremote observations of CMEs, Proc. IAUSymposium 133, in press, 2006.

Runov, A., V.A. Sergeev, R. Nakamura, W.Baumjohann, T.L. Zhang, Y. Asano, M.Volwerk, Z. Voros, A. Balogh, H. Rème,Reconstruction of the magnetotail currentsheet structure using multi-point Cluster

38

Goldstein, J. Borovsky, D.A. Roberts, Plasmasheet turbulence observed by Cluster II, J.Geophys. Res., 110, A01205, 2005.

Wimmer-Schweingruber, R.F., N. Crooker, A.Balogh, V. Bothmer, R.J. Forsyth, P. Gazis, J.T.Gosling, T. Horbury, A. Kilchenmann, I.G.Richardson, J.D. Richardson, P. Riley, L.Rodriguez, R. von Steiger, P. Wurz, and T.H.Zurbuchen, Interplanetary coronal mass ejec-tion signatures - Report of Working Group B,in H. Kunow, N. Crooker, J. Linker, R.Schwenn, and R. von Steiger (eds.), CoronalMass Ejections, Space Sciences Series of ISSI,New York: Springer, and Space ScienceReviews, in press, 2006.

Xiao, C.J., X.G. Wang, Z.Y. Pu, H. Zhao, J.X.Wang, Z.W. Ma, S.Y. Fu, M.G. Kivelson, Z.X.Liu, Q.-G. Zong, K.H. Glassmeier, A. Balogh, A.Korth, H. Rème, C.P. Escoubet, In situ evidencefor the structure of the magnetic null in a 3Dreconnection event in the Earth's magnetotail,Nature Physics, 2, 7, 478-483, 2006.

Zong, Q.G., T.A. Fritz, H. Spence, H. Zhang,Z.Y. Huang, Z.Y. Pu, K.H. Glassmeier, A. Korth,P.W. Daly, A. Balogh, H. Rème, Plasmoid in thehigh latitude boundary/cusp region observedby Cluster, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L01101,2005.

Zurbuchen, T.H. and R. von Steiger, On thesolar wind elemental composition: constraintson the origin of the solar wind, ESA SP, inpress, 2006.

measurements, Planet. Space Sci., 53, 237-243, 2005.

Sahraoui, F., G. Belmont, L. Rezeau, N.Cornilleau-Wehrlin, J.L. Pincon, A. Balogh,Anisotropic turbulent spectra in the terrestrialmagnetosheath as seen by the cluster space-craft, Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, 075002, 1-4, 2006.

Shi, Q.Q., C. Shen, M.W. Dunlop, Z.Y. Pu, Q.-G. Zong, Z.X. Liu, E. Lucek, A. Balogh, Motionof observed structures calculated from multi-point magnetic field measurements: Appli-cation to Cluster, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, 8,CiteID L08109, 2006.

Sonnerup, B.U.Ö., S. Haaland, G. Paschmann,M.W. Dunlop, H. Rème and A. Balogh,Orientation and Motion of a Plasma Dis-continuity from Single-spacecraft Mea-surements: Generic Residue Analysis of ClusterData, J. Geophys. Res. 111, A05203, 2006.

Steinbrecht, W., H. Claude, Y. Calisesi, et al.,Long-term evolution of upper stratosphericozone at selected stations of the Network forthe Detection of Stratospheric Change(NDSC), J. Geophys. Res., 111, D10308,doi:10.1029/2005JD006454, 2006.

Thompson, S.M., M.G. Kivelson, M. El-Alaoui,A. Balogh, H. Rème, L.M. Kistler, Bifurcatedcurrent sheets: statistics from Cluster magne-tometer measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 111,A03212, 1-26, 2006.

von Steiger, R. and J.D. Richardson,Interplanetary coronal mass ejections at highlatitudes and in the outer heliosphere, in H.Kunow, N. Crooker, J. Linker, R. Schwenn, andR. von Steiger (eds.), Coronal Mass Ejections,Space Sciences Series of ISSI, New York:Springer, and Space Science Reviews, in press,2006.

von Steiger, R. and T.H. Zurbuchen, Kineticproperties of heavy solar wind ions fromUlysses-SWICS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33,L09103, doi:10.1029/2005GL024998, 2006.

von Steiger, R., T.H. Zurbuchen, and A.Kilchenmann, Latitude distribution of inter-planetary coronal mass ejections during solarmaximum, ESA SP-592, 317-323, 2005.

Weygand, J.M., M.G. Kivelson, K.K. Khurana,H.K. Schwarzl, S.M. Thompson, R.L.McPherron, A. Balogh, L.M. Kistler, M.L.

Staff Publications

39

Anders, P., Star cluster formation and evolu-tion in interacting galaxies, Ph.D. thesis, Uni-versity of Göttingen, Germany, 2006.

Anders, P., N. Bissantz, L. Boysen, R. de Grijs,U. Fritze-v. Alvensleben, The Antennae youngstar clusters: an old globular cluster systemobserved at its birth, Astrophys. J. Lett., inpress, 2006.

Anders, P., M. Gieles, R.de Grijs, Accurate pho-tometry of extended spherically symmetricsources, Astron. Astrophys., in press, 2006.

Appourchaux, T., B. Andersen, F. Baudin, P.Boumier, A.-M. Broomhall, W. Chaplin, T.Corbard, Y. Elsworth, W. Finsterle, C. Fröhlich,A. Gabriel, R. García, D.O. Gough, G. Grec, A.Jiménez, A. Kosovichev, J. Provost, T. Sekii, T.Toutain, and S. Turck-Chièze, Recent progresson g-mode search, in SOHO, Giardini NAXOS,I. in press, 2006.

Audard, M., A. Glauser, M. Güdel, D. Padgett,S. Fajardo-Acosta, S. Wolf, K. Briggs, P. Morris,L. Rebull, S. Skinner, and K. Stapelfeldt, SpitzerIRS Data of the Taurus Molecular Cloud Com-bined with IRAC/MIPS Photometry and XMM-Newton X-Ray Data, in: Protostars and PlanetsV, ed. B. Reipurth et al., 8479, 2005.

Baraffe, I, Y. Alibert, G. Chabrier, and W. Benz,Birth and fate of hot-Neptune planets, Astron.Astrophys., 450, 1221-1229, 2006.

Baranov, V.B., V.V. Izmodenov, Models of thesolar wind interaction with supersonic flow ofthe interstellar medium. Predictions and inter-pretations of experimental data, Fluid Dyna-mics, in press, 2006.

Bykov, A.M., A.M. Krassilchtchikov, Yu.A. Uva-rov, F. Lebrun, M. Renaud, R. Terrier, H. Bloe-men, B. McBreen, T.J.-L. Courvoisier, M.Yu.Gustov, W. Hermsen, J.-C. Leyder, T.A. Lozins-kaya, G. Rauw, J.-P. Swings, INTEGRAL detec-tion of hard X-rays from NGC 6334: nonther-mal emission from colliding winds or an AGN?Astron. Astrophys., 449, 3, 917-923, 2006.

Bocchino, F., E. van der Swaluw, R. Chevalier,R. Bandiera, The nature of the X-ray halo ofthe plerion G21.5-0.9 unveiled by XMMNewton and Chandra, Astron. Astrophys.,442, 2, 539-548, 2005.

Brown, J.C., A.G. Emslie, G.D. Holman, C.M.Johns-Krull, E.P. Kontar, R.P. Lin, A.M. Mas-

sone, and M. Piana, Evaluation of algorithmsfor reconstructing electron spectra from theirbremsstrahlung hard X-ray spectra, Astrophys.J., 643, 523-531, 2006.

Chalov, S.V., Acceleration of interplanetarypick-up ions and anomalous cosmic rays, Adv.Space Res., 35, 12, 2106-2114, 2005.

de Grijs, R., Modes of star formation along theHubble Sequence and beyond, in: "IslandUniverses - Structure and Evolution of DiskGalaxies", de Jong R.S., ed., Terschelling,Astrophysics and Space Science Library,Springer, Dordrecht, in press, 2005.

de Grijs, R., P. Anders, How well do we knowthe age and mass distributions of star clustersystem in the Large Magellanic Cloud?,MNRAS, 366, 295, 2006.

de Grijs, R., P. Anders, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, N.Bastian, G. Parmentier, M.E. Sharina, S. Yi,Systematic uncertainties in the analysis of starcluster parameters based on broad-bandimaging observations, MNRAS, 359, 874,2005.

de Grijs, R., P. Parmentier, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers,The initial mass distribution of the M82 starcluster system, MNRAS, 364, 1054, 2005.

Dunlop, M.W., M.G.G.T. Taylor, J.A. Davies, C.J. Owen, Z. Pu, H. Laakso, Y.V. Bogdanova, Q.-G. Zong, C. Shen, K. Nykyri, B. Lavraud, S.E.Milan, T.D. Phan, H. Rème, C.P. Escoubet,C.M. Carr, P. Cargill, M. Lockwood, and B.Sonnerup, Coordinated Cluster/Double Starobservations of dayside reconnection signa-tures, Ann. Geophys., 23, 8, 2867-2875,2005.

Ellison, D.C. and G.Cassam-Chenai, Radioand X-Ray Profiles in Supernova RemnantsUndergoing Efficient Cosmic-Ray Production,Astrophys. J., 632, 2, 920-931, 2005.

Visitor Publications

Listed are all papers written or co-authored by ISSI visitors,with acknowledgement to ISSI, that appeared or wereaccepted for publication in refereed journals between1 July 2005 and 30 June 2006. In addition, a number ofpresentations made at congresses or symposia are includ-ed in the relevant proceedings, the reference of which is tobe sought on ISSI's WWW-page, under 'Teams'.

40

Visitor Publications

Feigelson, E.D., L. Townsley, M. Güdel, and K.Stassun, X-Ray Properties of Young Stars andStellar Clusters (refereed review), in: Proto-stars and Planets V, ed. B. Reipurth et al., inpress, 2006.

Feldstein, Y.I., A.E. Levitin, J.U. Kozyra, B.T.Tsurutani, A. Prigancova, L. Alperovich, W.D.Gonzalez, U. Mall, I.I. Alexeev, L.I. Gromova,and L.A. Dremukhina, Self-consistent model-ing of the large-scale distortions in the geo-magnetic field during the 24-27 September1998 major magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res.,110, A11214,doi:10.1029/2004JA010584,2005.

Fujii, Z., F. McDonald, and H. Moraal, Cosmicray diffusion coefficients in the heliosphere atsolar maximum, Adv. Space Res., 32, 639-644,2003.

Gangopadhyay, P., V.V. Izmodenov , M. Grunt-man, and D. L. Judge, Voyager 1, Voyager 2and Pioneer 10 Lyman-alpha data and theirinterpretation, Astrophys. J., 637, 2, 786-790,2006.

Gedalin, M., M. Balikhin, D. Coca, G. Con-solini, R. Treumann, Kinetic description of ava-lanching systems, Phys. Rev. E, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.037103, 2005.

Gieles M., S.S. Larsen, N. Bastian, I.T. Stein,The luminosity function of young star clusters:implications for the maximum mass and lumi-nosity of clusters, Astron. Astrophys., in press,2006.

Grard, R., M. Hamelin, J.J. López-Moreno, K.Schwingenschuh, I. Jernej, G.J. Molina-Cube-ros, F. Simões, R. Trautner, P. Falkner, F. Ferri,M. Fulchignoni, R. Rodrigo, H. Svedhem, C.Béghin, J.-J. Berthelier, V.J.G. Brown, M. Cha-bassière, J.M. Jeronimo, L.M. Lara, T. Tokano,Electric properties and related physical charac-teristics of the atmosphere and surface ofTitan, in press, 2006

Grießmeier, J.-M., A. Stadelmann, U. Motsch-mann, N.K. Belisheva, H. Lammer, H.K.Biernat, Cosmic ray impact on extrasolarEarth-like planets in close-in habitable zones,Astrobiology, 5,587-603, 2005.

Grosso, M., M. Audard, J. Bouvier, K.R.Briggs, and M. Güdel, A U-Band Survey ofBrown Dwarfs in the Taurus Molecular Cloud

with the XMM-Newton Optical/UV Monitor,Astron. Astrophys., in press, 2006.

Güdel, M., D.L. Padgett, and C. Dougados,The Taurus Molecular Cloud: Multi-Wave-length Surveys with XMM-Newton, the SpitzerSpace Telescope, and CFHT (refereed review),in: Protostars and Planets V, ed. B. Reipurth etal., in press, 2006.

Hamza, A.M., K. Meziane, C. Mazelle, On theinteraction of an upstream particle with anoblique propagating waves, J. Geophys. Res.,111, doi:10.10229/2005JA011410, 2006.

Horbury, T.S., M.A. Forman, and S. Oughton,Spacecraft observation of solar wind turbu-lence: an overview, Plasma Physics andControlled Fusion, 47, B703-B717, 2005.

Huebner, W.F., D.C. Boice, and N.A. Schwad-ron, Sungrazing comets as solar probes, Adv.Space Res., in press, 2006.

Izmodenov, V.V., The heliospheric boundaries,Chapter 2.4 in “Model of Space” (Ed. M.Panasyuk), in press, 2006 (in russian).

Katsuda, S., and H. Tsunemi, Spatially resolvedspectral analysis of Vela Shrapnel D, Publ.Astron. Soc. Japan, 57, 4, 621-628, 2005.

Király, P., Solar energetic particles. Internatio-nal Journal of Modern Physics A, 20, 6634-6643, 2005.

Kourakis, I. and P.K.Shukla, Exact theory forlocalized envelope modulated electrostaticwavepackets in space and dusty plasmas, NonLinear Processes in Geophysics,12,1-17, 2005.

Kulikov, Yu.N., H. Lammer, H.I.M. Lichten-egger, N. Terada, I. Ribas, C. Kolb, D. Lang-mayr, R. Lundin, E.F. Guinan, S. Barabash, H.K.Biernat, Atmospheric and water loss fromearly Venus, Planet. Space Sci., in press, 2006.

Jänchen, J., D.L. Bish, D.T.F. Möhlmann, H.Stach, Investigation of the water sorptionProperties of Mars-relevant micro- and meso-porous minerals, Icarus 180, 353-358, 2006.

Jaritz, G.F., S. Endler, D. Langmayr, H. Lammer,J.-M. Grießmeier, N.V. Erkaev, H.K. Biernat,Roche lobe effects on expanded upper atmos-pheres of short-periodic exoplanets. Astro-phys. Astron., 439, 771-775, 2005.

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Visitor Publications

Judge, D.L., V.V. Izmodenov, M. Gruntman, P.Gangopadhyay, Search for heliospheric time-dependence in Pioneer 10 heliospheric Lyman-alpha glow data, ASTRA, 1, 29-34, 2005.

Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., P. Anders, R. de Grijs,Photometric evolution of dissolving star clus-ters: I. First predictions, Astron. Astrophys., inpress, 2006.

Malama, Yu.G., V.V. Izmodenov, and S.V. Cha-lov, Modeling of the heliospheric interface:multi-component nature of the heliosphericplasma, Astron. Astrophys., 445, 693-701,2006.

Massone, A.M., J.C. Brown, A.G. Emslie, E.P.Kontar, M. Piana, and M. Prato, Bremsstrah-lung emission during solar flares: reconstruc-tion of electron spectra by means of inversionmethods and applications to RHESSI data,Memorie della Società Astronomica Italiana, inpress, 2006.

McDonald, F., Z. Fujii, B. Heikkila, and N. Lal,The radial distribution of cosmic rays in theheliosphere at solar minimum and solar maxi-mum, Adv. Space Res., 32, 4, 633-638, 2003.

Meziane, K., M. Wilber, A.M. Hamza, C.Mazelle, G.K. Parks, H. Rème, and E. Lucek,Evidence For A High Energy Tail Associatedwith Foreshock Field-Aligned Beams, J. Geo-phys. Res., in press, 2006.

Möhlmann, D., Adsorption water in Marschemistry/biology, Astrobiology, 5, Vol. 6, 770-777, 2005.

Nemeth, Z., G. Facsko, G. Erdos and A. Ba-logh, Plasma mixing as a cause of solar windmagnetic field variations, Adv. Space Res., 37,3, 467-472, 2006.

Parks, G.K., E. Lee, F. Mozer, M. Wilber, E.Lucek, I. Dandouras, H. Rème, J. B. Cao, C.Mazelle, K. Meziane, M. L. Goldstein, P. Escou-bet, Larmor radius size density holes discov-ered in the solar wind upstream of Earth's bowshock, Physics of plasmas, 13, 050701, 2006.

Prato, M., M. Piana, J.C. Brown, A.G. Emslie,E.P. Kontar and A.M. Massone, Regularizedreconstruction of the differential emissionmeasure from solar flare hard X-ray spectra,Solar Physics, in press, 2006.

Penz, T., H. Lammer, Yu.N. Kulikov, H.K. Bier-nat, The influence of the solar particle andradiation environment on Titan's atmosphereevolution, Adv. Space Res., 36, 241-250,2005.

Pu, Z.Y., C.J. Xiao, Z.Y. Huang, S.Y. Fu, Z.X.Liu, M.W. Dunlop, Q.G. Zong, C.M. Carr, H.Réme, I. Dandouras, A. Fazakerley, T. Phan, T.L.Zhang, H. Zhang, and X.G. Wang, DoublestarTC-1 observation of magnetic reconnection atthe dayside magnetopause: a preliminarystudy, Ann Geophys., 23, 8, 2889-2895,2005.

Revnivtsev, M., S. Fabrika, P. Abolmasov, K.Postnov, I. Bikmaev, R. Burenin, M. Pavlinsky,R. Sunyaev, I. Khamitov, Broad band variabilityof SS433: Accretion disk at work?, Astron.Astrophys., 447, 545-551, 2006.

Richard, J., R. Pello, D. Schaerer, J. Le Borgne,J.-P. Kneib, Constraining the population of 6<~z <~ 10 star-forming galaxies with deepnear-IR images of lensing clusters, 2000,Astron. Astrophys., in press, 2006.

Savin, S., E. Amata, M. Andre, M. Dunlop, Y.Khotyaintsev, P.M.E. Decreau, J.L. Rauch, J.G.Trotignon, J. Buechner, B. Nikutowski, J.Blecki, A. Skalsky, S. Romanov, L. Zelenyi, A.M.Buckley, T.D. Carozzi, M.P. Gough, P. Song, H.Rème, A. Volosevich, H. Alleyne, E. Panov,Experimental study of nonlinear interaction ofplasma flow with charged thin current sheets,NPG (Non Linear Processes in Geophysics), inpress, 2006

Schwartz, S.J., D. Sibeck, M. Wilber, K.Meziane, and T.S. Horbury, Kinetic Aspects ofForeshock Cavities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33,L12103, doi:10.1029/2005GL025612, 2006.

Segura, A., J.F. Kasting, V. Meadows, M.Cohen, J. Scalo, D. Crisp, R.A.H. Butler, G.Tinetti, Biosignatures from Earth-like planetsaround M dwarfs, Astrobiology, 5, 706-725,2005.

Telleschi, A., M. Güdel, K. Briggs, K. Arzner, S.Skinner, and M. Audard, X-Ray Emission fromAccreting, Jet-driving T Tau Stars, in: Protostarsand Planets V, ed. B. Reipurth et al., 8338,2005.

van der Swaluw, E., MHD Interaction of PulsarWind Nebulae with SNRs and the ISM, Adv.Space Res., 35, 6, 1123-1128, 2005.

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Treumann, R.A., Perspectives in space plasmatheory, Adv. Space Res., 37, 1482-1496, 2006.

Treumann, R.A., The electron-cyclotron maserfor astrophysica application, Astron. Astro-phys. Rev., 13, 229-315, 2006.

Turyshev, S.G., V.T. Toth, L.R. Kellogg, E.L. Lau,K.J. Lee, The Study of the Pioneer Anomaly:New Data and Objectives for New Investi-gation, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D15,1-56, 2006.

Verheest, F., On the nonxistence of largeamplitude stationary solitary waves in symmet-ric unmagnetized pair plasmas, Non LinearProcesses in Geophysics, 12, 569-574, 2005.

Vink, J., Gamma-ray observations of explosivenucleosynthesis products, Adv. Space Res., 35,6, 976-986, 2005.

Warren, J.S., J.P. Hughes, C. Badenes, P.Ghavamian, C.F. McKee, D. Moffett, P.P.Plucinsky, C. Rakowski, E. Reynoso, P. Slane,Cosmic ray acceleration at the forward shockin Tycho's supernova remnant: evidence fromChandra X-ray observations, Astrophys. J.Lett., 634, 376-389, 2005.

Yan, G.-Q., C. Shen, Z.X. Liu, C.M. Carr, H.Rème, and T.L. Zhang, Statistical Study onSolar Wind Transport into MagnetosphereBased on DSP Explorations, Ann. Geophys.,23, 2961-2966, 2005.

Visitor Publications

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Visitor Publications

Special Issue: Physics of Dusty Rings: History andPerspective

Guest Editors:

E. Grün, I. de Pater, M. Showalter, F. Spahn, R. Srama

Editor-in-Chief: Thérèse Encrenaz

Special Issue resulting from an ISSI-Team, published in August 2006,Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 54, Issues 9-10, 2006, Amsterdam:Elsevier, ISSN 0032-0633.

Table of Contents

Physics of dusty rings: History and perspective; E. Grün,I. de Pater, M. Showalter, F. Spahn and R. Srama

A deep search for Martian dust rings and inner moonsusing the Hubble Space Telescope; M.R. Showalter, D.P.Hamilton and P.D. Nicholson

Stochastic circumplanetary dynamics of rotating non-spherical dust particles; M. Makuch, N.V. Brilliantov, M.Sremcevic, F. Spahn and A.V. Krivov

Search for the putative dust belts of Mars: The late2007 opportunity; A.V. Krivov, A.G. Feofi lov and V.V.Dikarev

Galileo dust data from the jovian system: 1997-1999;H. Krüger, D. Bindschadler, S.F. Dermott, A.L. Graps, E.Grün, B.A. Gustafson, D.P. Hamilton, M.S. Hanner, M.Horányi, J. Kissel, B.A. Lindblad, D. Linkert, G. Linkert,I. Mann, J.A.M. McDonnell, R. Moissl, G.E. Morfill, C.Polanskey, G. Schwehm, R. Srama and H.A. Zook

Characterization of Jovian plasma-embedded dust par-ticles; A.L. Graps

Ulysses jovian latitude scan of high-velocity duststreams originating from the jovian system; H. Krüger,A.L. Graps, D.P. Hamilton, A. Flandes, R.J. Forsyth, M.Horányi and E. Grün

Five years of Ulysses dust data: 2000-2004; H. Krüger,N. Altobelli, B. Anweiler, S.F. Dermott, V. Dikarev, A.L.Graps, E. Grün, B.A. Gustafson, D.P. Hamilton, M.S.Hanner, M. Horányi, J. Kissel, M. Landgraf, B.A.Lindblad, D. Linkert, G. Linkert, I. Mann, J.A.M.McDonnell, G.E. Morfi ll, C. Polanskey, G. Schwehm, R.Srama and H.A. Zook

Characteristics of dust particles detected near Saturn'sring plane with the Cassini Radio and Plasma Waveinstrument; Z. Wang, D.A. Gurnett, T.F. Averkamp,A.M. Persoon and W.S. Kurth

In situ dust measurements in the inner Saturnian sys-tem; R. Srama, S. Kempf, G. Moragas-Klostermeyer, S.Helfert, T.J. Ahrens, N. Altobelli, S. Auer, U. Beckmann,J.G. Bradley, M. Burton, V.V. Dikarev, T. Economou, H.Fechtig, S.F. Green, M. Grande, O. Havnes, J.K. Hillier,M. Horanyi, E. Igenbergs, E.K. Jessberger, T.V. Johnson,H. Krüger, G. Matt, N. McBride, A. Mocker, P. Lamy, D.Linkert, G. Linkert, F. Lura, J.A.M. McDonnell, D.Möhlmann, G.E. Morfi ll, F. Postberg, M. Roy, G.H.Schwehm, F. Spahn, J. Svestka, V. Tschernjawski, A.J.Tuzzolino, R. Wäsch and E. Grün

Cassini RPWS observations of dust in Saturn's E RingW.S. Kurth, T.F. Averkamp, D.A. Gurnett and Z. Wang

The electrostatic potential of E ring particlesS. Kempf, U. Beckmann, R. Srama, M. Horanyi, S. Auerand E. Grün

Modelling CDA mass spectra; J.K. Hillier, N. McBride,S.F. Green, S. Kempf and R. Srama

Two stages of dust delivery from satellites to planetaryrings; V.V. Dikarev, A.V. Krivov and E. Grün

E ring dust sources: Implications from Cassini's dustmeasurements; F. Spahn, N. Albers, M. Hörning, S.Kempf, A.V. Krivov, M. Makuch, J. Schmidt, M. Seißand Miodrag Sremcevic

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ISSI Volumes

These volumes may be ordered directly from Springer or for a substantially reduced price through ISSI. If youare interested in buying our books, please contact secretary@issibern.ch. More information is providedon the websites www.issibern.ch (go to ‘Publications’) or www.springeronline.com. All prices are basedon the information given on the Springer website.

Space Sciences Series of ISSI (SSSI): Published Volumes

Volume 1: The Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar MediumR. von Steiger, R. Lallement, and M.A. Lee (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in November 1995, pub-lished in October 1996. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 78, Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-4320-4, ISSI price Euro 122.60.

Volume 2: Transport Across the Boundaries of the MagnetosphereB. Hultqvist, and M. Øieroset (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in September 1996, published in October1997. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 80, Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-4788-9, ISSIprice Euro 125.

Volume 3: Cosmic Rays in the HeliosphereL.A. Fisk, J.R., Jokipii, G.M. Simnett, R. von Steiger, and K.-P. Wenzel (eds.), two ISSI-Workshopsheld in October 1996, March 1997 respectively, published in May 1998. Reprinted from SpaceScience Reviews, Volume 83, Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-5069-3, ISSI price Euro 106.60.

Volume 4: Primordial Nuclei and Their Galactic EvolutionN. Prantzos, M. Tosi, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in May 1997, published inAugust 1998. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 84, Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-5114-2, ISSI price Euro 101.80.

Volume 5: Solar Composition and its Evolution — From Core to CoronaC. Fröhlich, M.C.E. Huber, S.K. Solanki, and Rudolf von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held inJanuary 1998, published in December 1998. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 85,Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-5496-6, ISSI price Euro 129.40.

Volume 6: Magnetospheric Plasma Sources and LossesB. Hultqvist, M. Øieroset, G. Paschmann, and R. Treumann (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in October1997, published in September 1999. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 88, Nos.1–2. ISBN 0-7923-5846-5, ISSI price Euro 143.80.

Volume 7: Corotating Interaction RegionsA. Balogh, J.T. Gosling, J.R. Jokipii, R. Kallenbach, and H. Kunow (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held inJune 1998, published in January 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 89, Nos.1–2. ISBN 0-7923-6080-X, ISSI price Euro 104.30.

Volume 8: Composition and Origin of Cometary MaterialsK. Altwegg, P. Ehrenfreund, J. Geiss, and W.F. Huebner (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in September1998, published in January 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 90, Nos. 1–2.ISBN 0-7923-6154-7, ISSI price Euro 109.

Volume 9: From Dust to Terrestrial PlanetsW. Benz, R. Kallenbach, and G. Lugmair (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in February 1999, publishedin October 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 92, Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-6467-8, ISSI price Euro 110.50.

Volume 10: Cosmic Rays and EarthJ.W. Bieber, E. Eroshenko, P. Evenson, E.O. Flückiger, and R. Kallenbach (eds.), ISSI-Workshop heldin March 1999, published in December 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 93,Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-6712-X, ISSI price Euro 108.80.

Volume 11: Solar Variability and ClimateE. Friis-Christensen, C. Fröhlich, J.D. Haigh, M. Schüssler, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop

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held in June 1999, published in December 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume94, Nos. 1–2. ISBN 0-7923-6741-3, ISSI price Euro 112.35.

Volume 12: Chronology and Evolution of MarsR. Kallenbach, J. Geiss and W.K. Hartmann (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in April 2000, published inSeptember 2001. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 96, Nos. 1–4. ISBN 0-7923-7051-1, ISSI price Euro 120.70. This volume is printed on demand only.

Volume 13: The Astrophysics of Galactic Cosmic RaysR. Diehl, E. Parizot, R. Kallenbach, and R. von Steiger (eds.), two ISSI-Workshops held in October1999, May 2000 respectively, published in February 2002. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews,Volume 99, Nos. 1–4. ISBN 1-4020-0107-X, ISSI price Euro 92.45.

Volume 14: Matter in the UniversePh. Jetzer, K. Pretzl, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in March 2001, published inJune 2002. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 100, Nos. 1–4. ISBN 1-4020-0666-7,ISSI price Euro 77.70.

Volume 15: Auroral Plasma Physics G. Paschmann, S. Haaland, and R. Treumann (eds.), three ISSI-Workshops held in October 1999,March and Dec. 2000, published in April 2003, 2nd edition in April 2005. Reprinted from SpaceScience Reviews, Volume 103, Nos. 1–4, 2002. ISBN 1-4020-0963-1, ISSI price Euro 108.50.

Volume 16: Solar System History from Isotopic Signatures of Volatile ElementsR. Kallenbach, T. Encrenaz, J. Geiss, K. Mauersberger, T. Owen, and F. Robert (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in January 2002, published in July 2003. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews,Volume 106, Nos. 1–4, 2003. ISBN 1-4020-1177-6, ISSI price Euro 102.

Volume 17: Earth Gravity Field from Space — From Sensors to Earth SciencesG. Beutler, R. Rummel, M.R. Drinkwater, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in March2002, published in November 2003. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 108, Nos. 1-2, 2003. ISBN 1-4020-1408-2, ISSI price Euro 95.

Volume 18: Mars’ Magnetism, and its Interaction with the Solar WindD. Winterhalter, M. Acuña, and A. Zakharov (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in October 2001, pub-lished in June 2004. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 111, No. 1-2, 2004. ISBN 1-4020-2048-1, ISSI price Euro 69.70.

Volume 19: The Outer Planets and their MoonsT. Encrenaz, R. Kallenbach, T. Owen, and C. Sotin (eds.), ISSI Workshop held in January 2004,published in June 2005. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 116, No. 1-2, 2005. ISBN1-4020-3362-1, ISSI price Euro 65.40.

Volume 20: Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries: Cluster ResultsG. Paschmann, S. Schwartz, P. Escoubet, S. Haaland (eds.), two ISSI-Workshops held in March andNovember 2003, published in June 2005. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Volume 118,No. 1-4, 2005. ISBN 1-4020-3488-1, ISSI price Euro 69.98.

Space Sciences Series of ISSI (SSSI): Volumes in Press

Volume 21: Coronal Mass EjectionsH. Kunow, N. Crooker, J. Linker, R. Schwenn, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshops held inMarch 2004, in press.

Volume 22: Solar Dynamics and its Effects on the Heliosphere and EarthD. Baker, B. Klecker, S. Schwartz, R. Schwenn, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshops held inApril 2005, in press.

ISSI Volumes

46

Volume 23: Solar Variability and Planetary ClimatesY. Calisesi, R.-M. Bonnet, L. Gray, J. Langen, and M. Lockwood (eds.), ISSI-Workshops held inJune 2005, in press.

Details on Volume 21 can be found on page 48.

Space Sciences Series of ISSI (SSSI): Forthcoming Volumes

Volume 24: Geology and Habitability of Terrestrial PlanetsK. Fishbaugh, P. Lognonné, F. Raulin, O. Korablev, and D. des Marais (eds.), ISSI-Workshop heldin September 2005, to be published in winter 2006.

Volume 25: Strategies for Life DetectionO. Botta, J.L. Bada, J. Gomez-Elvira, E. Javaux, M. Rosing, F. Selsis, and R. Summons (eds.), Pro-ceedings of an ISSI-Workshop held in April 2006, to be published in spring 2007.

Volume 26: MercuryA. Balogh, L. Ksanfomality and R. von Steiger (eds.), Proceedings of an ISSI-Workshop held inJune 2006, to be published in summer 2007.

ISSI Scientific Report Series (SR): Published Volumes

Available from: The Bookshop, ESA Publications Division, PO Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, TheNetherlands, Fax: +31 71 565 5433, e-mail: esapub@esa.int. Advanced payment by check or creditcardis requested.

Volume 1: Analysis Methods for Multi-Spacecraft Data G. Paschmann, and P.W. Daly (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group, published in July 1998.Price Euro 40. This volume is out of print. An updated PDF version is available online atwww.issi.unibe.ch under ‘Publications’.

Volume 2: Radiometric Calibration of SOHOA. Pauluhn, M.C.E. Huber, and R. von Steiger (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group, publishedin August 2002. Price Euro 40.

Volume 3: The Solar System and Beyond - Ten Years of ISSIJ. Geiss and B. Hultqvist (eds.). Published in the occation of ISSI’s ten-year anniversary in June2005. Price Euro 30.

Volume 4: Heat and Gas Diffusion in Comet NucleiW.F. Huebner, J. Benkhoff, M-T. Capria, A.Coradini, C. De Sanctis, R. Orosei, and D. Prialnik (eds.).Results from an ISSI-Team, published in August 2006.

ISSI Scientific Report Series (SR): Forthcoming Volumes

Volume x: The Physics of the Solar Wind Termination RegionV. Izmodenov and R. Kallenbach (eds.), Results from an ISSI-Team.

Volume y: Calibration Techniques for In-Situ Plasma InstrumentationM. Wüest, D. Evans, and R. von Steiger (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group.

Volume z: Planetary Systems and Planets in SystemsS. Udry, W. Benz, and R. von Steiger (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Workshop.

ISSI Volumes

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ISSI Volumes

Pro-ISSI SPATIUM Series

The SPATIUM volumes are available from ISSI (please contactsecretary@issibern.ch). Electronic editions in PDF format can bedownloaded at http://www.issibern.ch.

No. 1: Die ersten Minuten und das weitere Schicksal des Universums, by Johannes Geiss, published in April 1998.

No. 2: Das neue Bild der Sonne (out of print), by Rudolf von Steiger, pub-lished in November 1998.

No. 3: Birth, Age and the Future of the Universe, by Gustav AndreasTammann, published in May 1999.

No. 4: Kometen als Schwerpunkt der europäischen Weltraumforschung,by Kathrin Altwegg-von Burg, published in October 1999.

No. 5: Earth, Moon and Mars, by Johannes Geiss, published in June 2000.

No. 6: From Dust to Planets, by Willy Benz, published in October 2000.

No. 7: In Search of the Dark Matter in the Universe, by Klaus Pretzl, pub-lished in May 2001.

No. 8: Sun and Climate, by Jürg Beer, published in November 2001.

No. 9: The Fourfold Way Through the Magnetosphere: The ClusterMission, by Götz Paschmann, published in June 2002.

No. 10: Satellite Navigation Systems for Earth and Space SciencesBy Gerhard Beutler, published in June 2003.

No. 11: Cosmic Rays , by Hansjörg Schläpfer, published in November 2003.

No 12: Ten Years Hubble Space Telescope, by Roger-Maurice Bonnet, pub-lished in June 2004.

No. 13: Woher kommen Kohlenstoff, Eisen und Uran?, by Rudolf vonSteiger, published in October 2004.

No. 14: Grundlagen der Physik im extraterrestrischen Test, by Martin Huber,published in June 2005.

No. 15: Titan and the Huygens Mission, by Nicolas G.M. Thomas, publishedin November 2005

No. 16: Astrobiology, by Oliver Botta, published in July 2006

Understanding Space is a seven-page brochure on ISSI, providing informa-tion on its role within the scientific communitiy and the main scientific ques-tions it adresses. Furthermore, ISSI’s organisation and operation modes areexplained. The information brochure is available in print and online (pleasee-mail to secretary@issibern.ch or visit the websitewww.issibern.ch).

ISSI Information Brochure

48

Coronal Mass Ejections

edited by

Horst KunowInstitut für experimentelle und angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universitätzu Kiel, Germany

Nancy CrookerCenter for Space Physics, Boston University, USA

Jon LinkerScience Applications MS C2, International Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA

Rainer SchwennMax-Planck Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany

Rudolf von SteigerInternational Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland

Volume resulting from an ISSI Workshop, published in August 2006, Space SciencesSeries of ISSI (SSSI), Volume 21. Dordrecht: Springer.

Foreword; EditorsA Brief History of CME Science; D. Alexander, I.G. Richard-son, and T.H. Zurbuchen

Introductory PapersCoronal Mass Ejections: Overview of Observations; H. S.

Hudson, J.-L. Bougeret, and J. BurkepileIn-Situ Solar Wind and Magnetic Field Signatures of ICMEs;

T.H. Zurbuchen and I.G. RichardsonAn Introduction to CMEs and Energetic Particles; H.V. Cane

and D. LarioAn Introduction to Theory and Models of CMEs, Shocks, and

Solar Energetic Particles; Z. Mikic and M. A. LeeAn Introduction to the Pre-CME Corona; D. AlexanderSolar Imprint on ICMEs. their Magnetic Connectivity, and

Heliospheric Evolution; N.U. Crooker and T.S. HorburyICMEs in the Outer Heliosphere and at High Latitudes: An

Introduction; R. von Steiger and J.D. Richardson

Working Group ReportsCoronal Observations of CMEs; R. Schwenn, J.C. Raymond, D.

Alexander, A. Ciaravella, N. Gopalswamy, R. Howard, H.Hudson, P. Kaufmann, A. Klassen, D. Maia, G. Munoz-Martinez, M. Pick, M. Reiner, N. Srivastava, D. Tripathi, A.Vourlidas, Y.-M. Wang, and J. Zhang

Understanding Interplanetary Coronal Mass EjectionSignatures; R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, N.U. Crooker, A.Balogh, V. Bothmer, R. J. Forsyth, P. Gazis, J.T. Gosling, T.Horbury, A. Kilchenmann, I.G. Richardson, J.D. Richardson,P. Riley, L. Rodriguez, R. von Steiger, P. Wurz, and T.H.Zurbuchen

Energetic Particle Observation; B. Klecker, H. Kunow, H.V.Cane, S. Dalla, B. Heber, K. Kecskemety, K.-L. Klein, J. Kota,H. Kucharek, D. Lario, M.A. Lee, M.A. Popecki, A. Posner, J.Rodriguez-Pacheco, T. Sanderson, G.M. Simnett, and E.C.Roelof

CME Theory and Models; T.G. Forbes, J.A. Linker, J. Chen, C.Cid, J. Kóta, M.A. Lee, G. Mann, Z. Mikic, M.S. Potgieter,J.M. Schmidt, G.L. Siscoe, R. Vainio, S.K. Antiochos, and P.Riley

The Pre-CME Sun; D. Maia, D. Alexander, H. Cremades, P.Kaufmann, D. Tripathi, and Y.-M. Wang

Multi-Wavelength Observations of CMEs and AssociatedPhenomena; M. Pick, T.G. Forbes, G. Mann, H.V. Cane, J.Chen, A. Ciaravella, H. Cremades, R.A. Howard, H.S. Hud-son, A. Klassen, K.L. Klein, M.A. Lee, J.A. Linker, D. Maia,Z. Mikic, J.C. Raymond, M.J. Reiner, G.M. Simnett, N.Srivastava, D. Tripathi, R. Vainio, A. Vourlidas, J. Zhang, T.H.Zurbuchen, N.R. Sheeley, and C. Marqué

ICMEs in the Inner Heliosphere; R.J. Forsyth, V. Bothmer, C.Cid, N.U. Crooker, T.S. Horbury, K. Kecskemety, B. Klecker,J.A. Linker, D. Odstrcil, M.J. Reiner, I.G. Richardson, J.Rodriguez-Pacheco, J.M. Schmidt, and R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber

ICMEs at High Latitudes and in the Outer Heliosphere; P.R.Gazis, A. Balogh, S. Dalla, R. Decker, B. Heber, T. Horbury,A. Kilchenmann, J. Kota, H. Kucharek, H. Kunow, D. Lario,M.S. Potgieter, J. D. Richardson, P. Riley, L. Rodriguez, G.Siscoe, and R. von Steiger

ConclusionsCME Disturbance Forecasting; G. Siscoe and R. SchwennCoronal Mass Ejections - A Personal Workshop Summary; R.F.

Wimmer-SchweingruberGlossary; R. Schwenn and N.U. Crooker

Table of Contents

ISSI Volumes: Published in the Eleventh Year

49

ISSI Volumes: Published in the Eleventh Year

Heat and Gas Diffusion in Comet Nuclei

edited by

Walter F. HuebnerSouthwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA

Johannes BenkhoffESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

Maria Teresia Capria, Angioletta Coradini, Christina De Sanctis, and Roberto OroseiIstituto di Astrofisica Spaziale, Roma, Italy

Dina PrialnikDepartment of Geophysics & Planetary Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Volume resulting from an ISSI-Team, published in August 2006, ISSI Scientific ReportSR-004, Noordwijk: ESA Publications Division, hardbound, ISSN 1608-280X, 272 pp.

ForewordPreface

1 Introduction - Observational Overview

2 The Structure of Comet Nuclei 2.1 Size and Composition 2.2 Some Physical Properties 2.3 Comet - Asteroid Transitions 2.4 Laboratory Simulations

3 Physical Processes in Comet Nuclei 3.1 Sublimation of Ices 3.2 The Phase Transition of Amorphous Ice 3.3 Gas Diffusion in Pores 3.4 The Coma/Nucleus Boundary Layer 3.5 Dust Entrainment and Dust Mantling 3.6 Fracturing, Splitting, and Outbursts

4 Basic Equations 4.1 Mass Balance 4.2 Energy Balance 4.3 Momentum Balance 4.4 Boundary Conditions 4.5 Initial Structure and Parameters 4.6 Flow Regimes and their Transitions 4.7 Dust Flow and Mantling 4.8 Sublimation and Condensation in Pores 4.9 Effective Thermal Conductivity

5 Analytical Considerations 5.1 Early Models 5.2 Characteristic Properties of the Nucleus 5.3 Characteristic Timescales 5.4 An Analytical Model for Crystallization and itsImplications

6 Numerical Methods 6.1 1-D Difference Schemes 6.2 Treatment of Boundary Conditions 6.3 From 1-D to Multi-Dimensions 6.4 Simultaneous Solution for Transfer of Heat and Mass 6.5 Stability Problems

7 Comparison of Algorithms 7.1 Rationale 7.2 Thermal Algorithm: Different Formulations 7.3 The Models 7.4 Results of Different Algorithms for Various Models 7.5 Conclusions

8 Orbital Effects 8.1 Inward Heat Flux 8.2 Short-Period vs. Long-Period Comets 8.3 Changing Orbits 8.4 Multistage or Direct Injection 8.5 Sungrazing Comets

9 Spin Effects 9.1 Diurnal Evolution 9.2 Gas Emission 9.3 Day - Night Temperature Difference 9.4 Effect of Spin Axis Inclination 9.5 Effect of Spin Rate

10 Comparison of Models with Observations 10.1 Modeling Guided by Observations 10.2 Conclusions Based on Multiple Simulations 10.3 Comet Outbursts 10.4 Coma Versus Nucleus Abundances

11 Internal Properties of Comet Nuclei 11.1 Temperature Pro les 11.2 Stratiffcation of Composition 11.3 Dust Mantle Thickness

12 Conclusions12.1 Numerical Algorithms 12.2 Goals of Comet Nucleus Modeling 12.3 General Characteristics of Comet Nuclei 12.4 General Behaviour Patterns 12.5 Input Data Required from Observations andExperiments

Table of Contents

50

Impressum

Publisher International Space Science InstituteHallerstrasse 6CH-3012 BernSwitzerlandT.: +41 31 631 48 96F.: +41 31 631 48 97

EditorsIrmela Schweizer, Vittorio Manno andRudolf von Steiger

Concept/LayoutIrmela Schweizer

Cover DesignIrmela Schweizer

PrintingESA Publications DivisionESTEC, PO Box 299Noordwijk, 2200 AGThe Netherlands

Bern, September 2006

Cover Page

Puzzle composed of six images (from theupper left to the lower right):

1. Life in extreme environment: Large con-centrations of microbes thrive in Yellow-stone National Park's Grand PrismaticSprings, a hot spring with water tempera-tures up to 90°C (NASA).

2. Close-up picture of a sunspot in a bub-bling sea of separate cells of hot gas(Vacuum Tower Telescope, NSO, NOAO).

3. Image of Meteor Crater, one of theyoungest and best-preserved impactcraters on Earth (NASA, D. Roddy (U.S.Geological Survey), Lunar and PlanetaryInstitute).

4. The transit of Mercury on 15 November1999 is shown in a series of TRACEimages (NASA, ESA).

5. TRACE image of coronal loops of theSun (NASA, TRACE).

6. Air pollution monitoried from space:Mean tropospheric NO2 for the year 2004in Europe (SCIAMACHY, ENVISAT, TEMIS,ESA).

The ISSI Collection