18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Amsterdam 1996

Proceedings of the 18th

Annual International Conference

of the IEEE Engineering in

Medicine and Biology Society

Volume 18

Amsterdam, The Netherlands

31 October - 3 November 1996

Edited byHerman Boom, Conference Chair

Charles Robinson, Conference Deputy Chair

Wim Rutten, Program Chair

Mike Neuman, Program Chair

Hessel Wijkstra, Publications Chair

PART 2 of 5/"•—"* '-"'

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UNIVERSITATSSI3LIOTHEKHANDOVER

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INFORMATlONSBiBLIOTHEK^*

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18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Amsterdam 1996

1.4.2: Lasers and Optics II 0196-0207

1.5.1: Microsurgical and Robotic Interventions 1 0208-0226

1.5.2: Microsurgical and Robotic Interventions II 0227-0240

1.6.1: Microfabrication 1 0241 -0259

1.6.2: Microfabrication II 0260-0271

1.7.1: Telemetry 1 0272-0289

1.7.2: Telemetry II 0290-0302

2 Neurotechnology and Rehabilitation (Robert Kearney)2.1.1: Cultured Neurons and Networks 0303-0320

2.2.1: Electrical Stimulation 1 0321 -0330

2.2.2: Electrical Stimulation II 0331 -0356

2.2.3: Peripheral Electrodes 0357-0376

2.2.4: Microelectrodes 0377-0386

2.3.1: Magnetic Stimulation 0387-0396

2.4.1: Aids for the Visually Impaired 0397 - 0408

2.4.2: Aids for the Hearing Impaired 0409 - 0418

2.5.1: Functional Electrical Stimulation 1 0419-0425

2.5.2: FES II - Control Strategies 0426 - 0450

2.5.3: FES III - Locomotion 0451 - 0462

PART 2

2.6.1: Locomotion 0463-0474

2.6.2: Clinical Biomechanics 0475-0496

2.6.3: Biomechanics.-Instrumentation 0497 - 0505

2.7.1: Interfaces for Control 0506-0528

2.7.2: Rehabilitation Devices 0529-0548

2.8.1: Muscle 0549-0570

2,8.2: Posture 0571 -0582

2.8.3: Reflex Function 0583-0596

2.8.4: Pathological States 0597-0612

2.8.5: Control of Movement 0613-0634

3 Imaging and Imaging Modalities (Raj Rangayyan)3.1.1: Visualisation and Image-guided Surgery 0635 - 0647

3.1.2: Visualisation and Virtual Reality 0648 - 06533.1.3: 3D Cardiovascular Imaging 0654 - 0665

3.1.4: Cardiovascular Imaging and Image Processing 0666- 06713.1.5: 3D Image Display and Applications 0672-06793.2.1: Microscopic Structural and Physiological Image Analysis 0680 - 06933.2.2: Brain Imaging 0694-07013.3.1: MR Imaging Systems and Reconstruction Techniques 0702- 07193.3.2: CT Imaging Systems and Reconstruction Techniques 0720 - 07313.3.3: MR-CT Brain Image Analysis 0732 - 0745

3.3.4: MR Image Processing and Applications 0746 - 07573.4.1: Electrical Impedance Tomograpy-Reconstruction Algorithms 0758 -0771

3.4.2: Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography 0772- 07833.4.3: Electrical Impedance Imaging Techniques 0784 - 08033.5.1: Magnetocardiography 0804-08093.5.2: EEG/MEG - Inverse Problem and Mapping 0810-08243.5.3: EEG Mapping 0825-08303.6.1: Imaging System Analysis and Modeling 0831 -08453.6.2: PET and SPECT Imaging 0846 - 08523.7.1: Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization 0853 - 08643.7.2: Ultrasonic Blood Flow Measurement 0865 - 08763.7.3: Ultrasound Imaging - Cardiac Applications 0877 - 08863.7.4: Ultrasound Imaging Systems and Applications 0887 - 0902

vi

18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Amsterdam 1996

Processing Electrotactile Signals: Relationship of Speed to Intelligence 407A.Y.J. Szeto, D. Lin and D.P. Saccuzzo

2.4.2: Aids for the Hearing ImpairedHearing Aid Electromagnetic Interference from Digital Cellular Telephones 409

M, SkopecA Modular Active Noise Controller for Digital Hearing Device 411

Y. Liu, W. Gwee andE.W. Abel

Use of Micro-Controller in a Tactile Aid for the Hearing Impaired 413P. Milnes, J.C. Stevens, B.H. Brown, I.R. Summers and P.G. Cooper

Hearing Impairment Simulation for the Performance Evaluation ofHearing Aid System ... 415D-O. Chung, W. Doh, D-H. Youn, J-Y. Choi, H-C. Woo. D-W. Kim and W-K. Kim

A Speech Processor for the Rehabilitation ofDeafPeople 417S. Dinelli, F. Cornoltl and A. Starjta

2.5.1: Functional Electrical Stimulation I

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) of Abdominal Muscles - Influence on Pulmonary Mechanics and Ventilation 419

U. Stanic, F. Kandare, R. Jaeger and J. Sorli

Electrical Stimulation for Converting Gracilis Muscle to a Fatigue-Resistant Power Source and Reconstruction of Neoanal Function 421

H. Minamitani, Y. Sugiyama and T. Shatari

A New Fes System Dedicated to Selective Stimulation: Acute Studies in Dogs 424

S. Robin, H. Shaker, T. Le Mai, M. Sawan, K. Arabi and MM. Eltiilali

2.5.2: FES II - Control StrategiesIterative Learning Control Strategy for Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation 426

H. Dou and Z. Zhou

Development of a Low-Cost FES-Bicycle System 428

P. Jaspers, W. van Pelegem, G. van der Pern and L. Peeraer

Tuning Study of a Feedback Stiffness Controller for Multi-Joint Neural Prostheses 430N. Lan

Strategy for Control of Muscle Force using a 3D Multi Electrode Array in Intraneural Stimulation 432

T.A. Frieswijk, F. Dijkstra and W.L.C. Rutten

LQO Moment Control in the Paraplegic's Ankle Joint,

435

M. Munlh, K. Hunt, N. Donaldson andF.M.D. Barr

Hybrid Paraplegic Standing with the Cochlear FES-22 Implantable Stimulator and Andrews Fro Braces: a Follow-Up 437

7'. Houdayer, R. Davis, S. Emmons, B. Andrews, J. Patrick and A. Mortlock

Interactions of Costimulated Muscle in Paraplegics 439

H.R. Rategh andHJ. Chizeck

Natural Sensory Feedback for Control of Standing 441

L.N.S. Andveasen, W. Jensen, P.M. Veltink and J.J. StruijkApproaches for Restoring Elbow Extension in Tetraplegia: Muscle Tendon Transfer and Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation 443

R. Kirsch, A. Acosta, E. Pereault, W. Memberg, M. Keith and P. Crago

Analysis ofFes-Induced Upper Limb Motion for Machine Learning Control 445

K. Fujita, K. Shiga andbl. Takahashi

FES Standing-Up in Paraplegia: A Comparative Study of Fixed Parameter Controllers 447

R. Davoodi and B.J. Andrews

Comparison of Catch Responses Between a Tetraplegic Patient using an FES System, and Healthy Control Subjects 449

A. Lickel, M. Haugland and T. Sinkjaer2.5.3: FES III - Locomotion

Self Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Control of Neural Prostheses using Reinforcement Learning 451

A. Thrasher, F. Wang and B. Andrews

An Experimental Pid Controllerfor Knee Movement Restoration with Closed Loop Fes System 453

M. Ferrarin, E. d'Acquisto, A. Mingrino and A. Pedotti

Application of Neural Network-Based Controller for the Knee-Joint Position Control with Quadriceps Stimulation 455

G-C. Chang, G-D.Liao,J-J.Luh,J-S. Lai, C-K. Cheng and T-S.Kuo

Design ofan Automatic Step Intention Detection System for a Hybrid Gait Orthosis 457

P. Jaspers, W. van Petegem, G. van der Perre and L. Peeraer

Gait Event Discrimination using ALNs for Control ofFES in Foot-Drop Problem 459

A. Kostov, T. Sinkjaer and B. UpshawFunctional Error Assessment in Gait Event Discrimination for FES-Assisted Locomotion 461

A. Kostov

2.6.1: LocomotionThe Kinematics of the Swing Phase Obtained from Accelerometer and Gyroscope Measurements 463

A. Heyn, R.E. Mayagoitia, A. V. Nene and P.H. Veltink

Piezo-Dynamometry ofFoot-to-Floor Interactions during Locomotion 465

V. Macellarl, C. Glacomozzi, E. Scattolini andA, CappozzoGait Dynamic Stability Assessment in a Sagittal Plane 467

T. Karcnik and A. KraljQuantifying the Stability of Walking using Accelerometers

469

J.H. Waarsing, R.E. Mayagoitia and P.H. Veltink

Prosthetic Knee Stability during the Push-Off Phase of Walking-Experimental Findings 471

B.F.J.M. Koopman. P.J.H. Hendrlks and H.J. Grootenboer

Comparison of Locomotion on Hands and Knees and Crutch Walking 473

T. BajdandA. Kralj

2.6.2: Clinical Biomechanics

Table of contents - vii

18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Amsterdam 1996

Detection of Sport Training Effect on Ultrasound Velocity in Tibia by Automatic System 475

I. Pontaga and J. SaulgozisUltrasonic Measurement of the Calcaneus: Investigation of some Error Sources, and Correlation with Femoral Strength 477

P.HF. Nicholson, G. Lowet, X.G. Cheng, S. Boonen, J. Dequekerand G. van derPerre

Photoelastic Study on Deformation and Strain Distribution of Anterior Cruciate Ligament 479

S. Hirokawa and K, Yamamoto

Study on Shape ofKnee Joint Condyle with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury 481

S. Hirokawa, Y. Koga and T. Endo

Biomechanical Modelling of the Human Knee For Preoperative Surgical Planning 483

A.G. Ransom and D.P.M. Wills

Axial Vibration of Threaded External Fixation Pins In Vivo: Detection of Pin Instability and Pin Tract Lysis 485

M. W. Kay, S.C. Roe and C.F. Abrams, Jr.

Mechanical Stability of Trabecular Bone Morphology as a Measure for Osteoporosis 487

/-/. Welnans, B. van Rietbergen and R. Hulskes

Cadaver Studies to Obtain Articular Pressure in the Distal Radioulnar Joint using Fuji Piescale Pressure Sensitive Film 489

S. Rajaai, W. Walsh andK. Schlndhelm

Complete Assessment of Elastic Properties of Trabecular Bone Architecture from 3D Reconstruction Images 491

B. van Rietbergen, A. Odgaard, J. Kabel andR. Hulskes

Measurement and Modeling of the Vibrational Response of the Ovine Head as it Relates to Intracranial Pressure 493

T.A. Whitman, G.R. Wodlcka, M.T. Morgan andJ.D. Bourland

Required Stiffness Distribution in a Mattress for an Optimal Curvature of the Human Spine during Bedrest 495

B. Haex, J. van der Sloten, R, van Audckercke

2.6.3: Biomechanics.- Instrumentation

Inertial Sensing in Ambulatory Back Load Estimation 497

C.T.M. Bate/), P. Oosterhof, I. Kingma. P.H. Veltink and H.J. Hermens

Skin Artefact Compensation by Double Calibration in Bone Motion Reconstruction 499

A. Cappelio, A. Cappozzo, P.F. La Palombara, A. Leardlnl and A. Bertant

Inertial Sensing in a Hand Held Dynamometer 502

P.H. Veltink, DM. Nleuwland, J. Harlaarand C.T.M. Baten

Measurement Environment for Diagnosing the Parkinson's Disease 504

A. Jobbagy, P. Harcos and M. Tarczy

2.7.1: Interfaces for Control

Development of Navigation System for the Blind using GPS and Mobile Phone Combination 506

H, Makino, I. Ishil and M. Nakashizuka

Development of a Multi-Switch Input Controller of the Electronic Devices for the Motor-Disabled-Person 508

T. Yamamoto and M. Ide

Use of Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity for the Automatic Control ofan Air-Conditioning System 510

K. Mabuchi, H. Genno, M. Kunimoto, 0. Kanbara, T. Suzuki and T, Chlnzci

Intracranial Detection of Movement-Related Potentials for Operation of a Direct Brain Interface 512

S.P. Levine, J.E. Huggins, S.L. Bement, L.A, Schuh, R.K. Kushwaha, D.A, Ross and MM. Rohde

Application of a Gesture Classification System to the Control of a Rehabilitation Robotic Manipulator 514

B.N. Parsons. L. Gellrich, PR. Warner and A.S. White

Multimodal Environmental Control System for Elderly and Disabled People 516

M. VallSs, F. Manso, M. T. Arredondo and F. del Pozo

Adaptive Filteis for Muscle Response Suppression .' 518

S. Sennels, F. Biering-Sorensen, S. Hansen and O. Andersen

On-Line Canceling of Pathological Tremor for Computer Interface ; 521

D.S. Hsu, C.N. Riviere and N.V. Thakor

Proposal of a Zoom and Focus Control Method using an Ultrasonic Distance-Meter for Video-Based Eye-Gaze Detection under Free-Head Conditions 523

Y. Ebisawa, M. Ohtani and A. SuglokaNoncontact Video-Based Eye-Gaze Detection Method allowing Large Head Displacements 526

A. Sugloka, Y. Ebisawa and M. Ohtani

2.7.2: Rehabilitation Devices

Unification of the PFA and COP for Wheelchair Propulsion ,529

R.A. Cooper, D. VanSickle, R.N. Robertson andM.L BoningerEffective Force Application in Guided Leg Extensions 531

CAM. Doorenbosch, H.E.J. Veeger, J.P. van Zandwijk and G.J, van Ingen Schenau

Development of Crawl Type Stair Lift for Wheelchair Users 533

S. Hashimo

Biomimetic EMG-Prosthosis-Hand 535

K. Akazawa, R. Okuno and M. Yoshlda

Wrist Biomechanics in 3-D Local Coordinate Space During Wheelchair Propulsion 537

M.L. Boninger, R.N. Robertson, R.A. Cooper and S.D. Shimada

Medical Workstation for the Rehabilitation of Disabled People 539

M.F. Cabrera. M.T. Arredondo and F. del Pozo

Clinical Evaluation of the Helping Hand Electromechanical Arm 541

A.W. Wlegner, B.Taylor and S J. Sheredos

A Proprioceptive Instrument for Hemiplegic's Neglected Movements 543P. Nohama, A.A. Caznoch FUho and D. Nohama

Outcome Assessment of Computer Aided Assistive Devices in Sweden 545

U. llass and J. Persson

WARD: A Pneumatic System for Body Weight Relief in Gait Rehabilitation 547F Gazanni, V. Maccllari, M. Torre. V Castellano and D. Coratella

Table of contents - viii

18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Amsterdam 1996

2.8.1: Muscle

Series Elasticity of the Human Triceps Surae Muscle: Measurement by Controlled-Release vs. Resonance Methods 549

A.L. Hof

A Stimulus Frequency-Controlled Muscle Model for FES Simulator 551

T.Watanabe.S.Ohba.R.Futami.N.HoshimiyaandY.HandaMuscle Length Dependent Recruitment-Force Curves in Fast Skeletal Muscle 553

P. Bosch andP. HuijingNonlinear Summation in Muscles ofNormal Subjects and Paraplegic Patients: Measurements and Simulation 555

R. Reiner, S.J. Dorgan, J. Quintern and G. Schmidt

A Model for Electrically Activated Mammalian Muscle Capturing N-Let Behaviours 557

S.J. Dorgan, R. Reiner, M.J. O'Malley andA.M. de Paor

Length-Force Characteristics of Rat Muscle during Isometric Contraction are Determined by Independent and CumulativeEffects ofFatigue and

Potentiation 559

P.A. Huijing and B. Roszek

A Model to Investigate Contribution of Recruitment and Rate Coding in Human Muscle 561

M. Yoshida and K. Akazawa

Optimization of Latissimus Dorsi Isometric Force Production by N-LetElectrical Stimulation 563

L.A.F. Mathinc, J.D. Sweeney, K.J. Gustafson and T.A. Brandon

Is High-Frequency Stiffness a Measure for the Number of Attached Cross-Bridges ? 565

B.J.J.J. van der Linden, H.F.J.M. Koopman, P.A, Huijing andH.J. Grootenboer

A Linear Description ofShortening Induced Changes in Isometric Length-Force Characteristics of Rat Muscle 567

K. Meijet; H.J. Grootenboer, H.F.J.M. Koopman and P.A. HuijingIdentification of EMG-Foice System using the Second-Order Volterra Model

,569

L.Y.Xu and Y.T.Zhang

2.8.2: Posture

Clinical Application of Posturography for the Treatment of Somatosensory Vertigo 571

L. Baratto, R. Capra, P, Morasso, P. Serpero and G. Spada

Standing Stability Evaluation using a Triaxial Accelerometer 573

R.E. Mayagoitia. J.C. LOtters and P.H. Veltink

Identification of the Relationship between Center of Pressure and Ankle Angle during Standing of Normal Subjects 575

W. Jensen, L.N.S. Andreasen, P.V. Veltink and R. MayagoitiaLinear Sway-Referencing Control: Center of Pressure vs. Center ofMass 577

L. Faulkner and C. Robinson

A Model of FES Standing-Up in Paraplegics including UpperLimb Interaction and Closed-Form Dynamics 579

R. Davoodi and B.J. Andrews

A Study of Postural Sway during Pregnancy through Spectral Analysis of Stabilometric Signals ...581

L. Ollveira, D. Simpson and J. Nadal

2.8.3: Reflex Function

Elbow Joint Torque-Angle-IEMG Relation at Constant Muscle Activities in Voluntary Contraction ,583

T, Uchlyama, T. Bessho, M. Yoshida and K. Akazawa

Quantitative, Objective Measurement of Ankle Dynamic Stiffness: Intrasubject Reliability and Intersubject Variability 585

MM. Mlrbagheri, R.E. Kearney and H. Barbeau

Is the Human Aim Made ofTunable Springs? 587

F.C. Popescu andZ. RymerStretch Reflex and H-Reflex during Human Walking 589

J.B. Andersen and T. SinkjaerRecruitment Modulation ofForce Fields Organized in the Frog's Spinal Cord 591

M.A. Lemay, N. Hogan andE. B'uzi

Reciprocal Reflex Control ofEquilibrium Joint Position by Antagonistic Muscles 593

Y. Li, N. Lan and G. Liu

Locomotor Training in Paraplegic Patients 595

V. Dietz, G. Colombo andL. Jensen.

2.8.4: Pathological States

Quantification of Surface Electromyographic Recordings for Assessment ofSpasticity 597

A.M. Sherwood. MM. Priebe and W.B. McKayA Method to Quantitate the Input-Output Properties of the Strech Reflex during Walking 599

T. Sinkjaer, J.B. Andersen, J.F. Nielsen andH. Barbeau

Evidence for Task Dependent Weakness due to Abnormal Torque Synergies in the Impaired Upper Limb of Hemiparetic Stroke Subjects: Preliminary

Results,

601

J.P.A. Dewald, R.F. Beer and J.D. Given

Changes in Shoulder Torque Timing and Direction during Withdrawal Reflexes in the Impaired Upper Limb of Hemiparetic Stroke Subjects 603

J.P.A. Dewald, R.F. Beer. J.D. Given and W.Z. RymerElectrical Stimulation Induced Spasticity Reductions in Stroke as Evidenced by Changes in Elbow Torque Responses 605

J.D. Given, B.D. Schmit, W.Z. Rymer and J.P.A. Dewald

Increased Reflex Contributions to Dynamic Ankle Stiffness in Spastic Spinal Cord Injured Patients 607

MM. Mlrbagheri, R.E. Kearney, H. Barbeau andM. Ladouceur

The Role of Accelerometry in the Assessment of Cerebellar Dysfunction ..:609

R, Kirsner, T. O'Brien andE, Byrne

Reciprocal Inhibition of Soleus H-Reflex by using Implanted Electrodes for Both ofConditioning and Test Stimulation 611

H, Takahashi, K. Itoh, T. Otsuki and T. Yoshlmoto

2.8.5: Control of Movement

Control Mechanism of an Autonomous Jaw-Movement Simulator, JSN/IC, during Open-Close Movement 613

Table of contents - ix

18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Amsterdam 1996

T. Hayashi, S. Tanaka, S-I. NakJlma. 1-1. Kobayashi, Y. Yamada andM. MiyakawaOptimal Design of a Two Degree ofFreedom Manipulandum for Human Motor Control Studies 615

A.J. HodgsonThe Role of the Hamstrings in Human Vertical Jumping 617

M.F. Bobbert

A Model for Learning Human Reaching-Movements 619

A. Karniel and G.F. Inbar

Power Analysis of Upper Limb Movement 621

R. Fazel-Razai, E. Shwedyk, S. Onyshko andJ.E. Cooper

Controllability of Temporomandibular-joint Loading by Coordinative Activities of Masticatory Muscles - a Two-Dimensional Static Model Abalysis - 623

K. Itoh, T. Hayashi and M. MiyakawaA Model of Eye-Head-Arm Interaction During Pointing Tasks 625

G. Magenes and A. Bulzza

How is the Head Held up? Modeling Mechanisms for Head Stability in the Sagittal Plane 627

G.C.Y. Peng, T.C. Plain andB. W. Peterson

Estimation of Motor Commands for Extremity Movements By Means of Pulse Density Demodulation Processing for Surface

Electrode Electromyograms 629

K. Choi, W. Ikehara, K. Murayama and S. Hiki

The Contribution or Hip Hiking to Limb Altitude Control: A 3-D Modelling Approach 631

M. Armand. J.P. Huissoon andA.E. Patla

Learning Effects during Human Split-Belt Walking: Influence of Afferent Input , 633

L. Jensen, G. Colombo. T. Prokop and V. Dietz

3.1.1: Visualisation and Image-guided SurgeryImage-Guided Neurosurgery at the Montreal Neurological Institute 635

T, Peters, R. Comeau. P. Munger, B. Davey, L. Plsani, A. Sadikol and A. Oliver

A System for Superimposing a Medical image within the Subject , 637

-4. Matani, Y. Ban, 0. Oshlro and K. Chihara

Implicit Modeling and Virtual Endoscopy of Pulmonic Cavities,

639

R.M. Summer, W.S. Selble, J, Popp, S.M. Holland, M.C. Sneller and J.H. Shellhamer

Three Different Approaches in Visualization of Multimodal Clinical Data , , 641

J. Nunes, 0. Mealha, B. Sousa Santos. M. Botelho andJ. Lima

Reconstruction of Digital Radiographs by Texture Mapping, Ray Casting and Splatting 643

J. Alakuijala, U-M. JSske. S, Salllnen, H. Helmlnen andJ. LaitinenOn Assessing the Error Introduced in Volume Data Visualization by Direct Volume Rendering Methods 646

B. Sousa Santos, J. Nunes. R. Gil and O. Mealha

3.1.2: Visualisation and Virtual RealityMedical Image Pseudo Coloring by Wavelet Fusion 648

C. W. Kok, Y. Hus and T.Q. NguyenDevelopment of Virtual Reality(VR) System to Evaluate Human 3D Spatial Cognition 650

IT. Nakamura, T Aokl, F. Okuyama and H. Tanaka

3D Visualization of a Time-Frequency Representation of SEEG Signals 652

C. Rocha, M.B. Shainsollahi. J-L. Dillensegcr and J-L. Coatrieux

3.1.3: 3D Cardiovascular ImagingImage Preprocessing for 3-D Reconstruction from Biplane Angiograms 654

A. Wahle, U. Krauss, H. Oswald andE. Fleck

Three-Dimensional Geometric Correction for Densitometric Measurements ofCoronary Arteries in Biplane Angiographic Sequences 656

L. Sarry, M. Zanca, J.Y. Boire, A. Veyrem and J. Cassagnes3D Visualization of Myocardial Motion and Blood Flow using Cine-MR Images 658

0. Oshlro, A. Matani, K. Chihara, T. Mikami andA. Kitabatake

A Polar Map Representation of Myocardial Kinetic Energy from Gated SPECT 660

M. Gutierrez, S. Furuie, M. Rebelo, L. Moura, C. Moro and J. Mcneghetti3D Segmentation and Visualization of Cardiac Spect Studies 662

R.H. Rakotobe, C, Fernandez-Maloigne, F. Langevin and M. Fauchet

Dynamic Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of1CUS Images Based on an ECG-Gated Pull-Back Device 664N. Bruining, C. von Birgelen, F. Prati, M.T. Mallus, W. Li, W. den Hoed, M. Patijn, P.J, deFeyter, P.W, Serruys andJ.R.T.C. Roelandt

3.1.4: Cardiovascular Imaging and Image ProcessingUtility ol'2D Properties in the Reconstruction of Coronary Arteries from Biplane Angiographic Images 666

P. Windyga. I. Lopez, G. Bevilacqua, M. Garreau andJ.L, Coatrieux

Spatio-Temporal Localization of Intravascular Ultrasound Data for Accurate 3D Reconstruction of Coronary Arteries 668R. Shekhar, R.M. Cothren. D.G. VlnceandJ.F. Cornhlll

Semantic Segmentation of Angiographic Images 670

G. Menegaz and R. Lancini

3.1.5: 3D Image Display and ApplicationsEvaluation of Stereoscopic Display Task Environment by Measurement of Accommodation Responses 672

N. Hiruma

Optimal Slice Positioning for Long Bone CT Reconstruction 674M. Viceconti. A. Cappello. B. Massari, A. Bertozzi and C, Zannonl

High Resolution Hand Dataset for Joint Modeling 676K. Hollerbach, A. Ashby, C. Logan, H. Martz, P. Bossart and D. Rlkard

Surface Classification Method for a Microcomputer-Based Tutorial System of Anatomy 678A Klemt and A.F.C. Infantosi

3.2.1: Microscopic Structural and Physiological Image Analysis

Table of contents - x

18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Amsterdam 1996

A New Method of Measuring Ciliary Beat Frequency using Image Processing ...680

W. Yl, K.Park, Y. Mln and M. SungComputer Morphometry for Liver Fibrosis using an Automatic Image Analysis System 682

X.Lin.Y.Sun.M.HomgandX.GuoBlood Flow Measurement System for Microcirculation by Image Correlation Method 684

K. Tsukada, H. Minamitani, E. Sekizuka and C. Oshio

Cross-Sectional Investigation ofthe Internal Interface between Biological Cell Tissue and Implant Materials in the Transmission Electron Microscope

(TEM) 686

P. Gnauck and W. Nisch

Morphological Segmentation of Clustered Nuclei in Analytical Cytology 688

N. Malpica, A. Santos, CO. deSolorzano, J.J. Vaquero, F. del Pozo andM. Garcia-SagredoStructureAnalysis ofEledone Cirrhosa by CLSM and SFM 690

A. Dlaspro, F. Beltrame, M. Fato, S, Leporatti, A. Palmed, P. Ramoino and R. Rolandi

Parametric and Non-Parametric Techniques for Identifying Images ofF-Actin Distribution in Endothelial Cells with Applied Agonists 692

K.J. Khianl, S.M. Yamany, W.D. Ehrlnger, FM Miller and A.A. Farag

3.2.2: Brain ImagingMultisensor and Multidimensional Biomedical lmazing (including Volumetric Electro- Magnetic Tomography) for the Visualization and Assessment of

Neurological (dys-)function 694

L.M. Bidaut, R. Pascual-Marqui, D. Rufenacht, J-R. Scherrer and F. Terrier

Detection of Periodic Signals in Brain Echo-Planar Functional Images 696

A-L. Paradls, J-F. Mangin, V. Cornilleau-Peres, E. Moulines. V. Frouin andD. LeBihan

Fractal Analysis of Hemodynamic Changes in Rat Brains 698

W. Zhao. M.D. Ginsberg and K. TagakiSulcal Variability in a Computerized Brain Atlas .700

M. Desvlgnes. N. Royackkers andM. Revenue

3.3.1: MR Imaging Systems and Reconstruction TechniquesMotion Detection from the Raw Data in Projection Reconstruction MR Imaging 702

R. van de Walk and 1. Lemahleu

Measuring AC Magnetic Field Distribution using MRI 705

T.L. MuMer andZ.Y. Ider

The Use of the Boundary Element Method to Compute MR Image Distortions Caused by Tissue Susceptibility 707

J.C. de Munck and M.B. van Herk

MRI Slice Selection with Scaling Functions 710

J.J. Vaquero, A. Santos and F. del Pozo

High Resolution in Vivo Imaging at High Frequencies with Improved Surface Coils 712

M. Rivera, J.J. Vaquero, A. Santos, J. Rulz-Cabello and F. del Pozo

A Mini NMR Imaging System for Teaching and Training 714

P. Reyes, J.J. Vaquero, M, Rivera, A. Santos, P. Perez and F. del Pozo

Applying Undersampling to the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal , 716

P. Perez, J.J, Vaquero, A. Santon, M. Rivera and F. delPozo

RF Heating of Implanted Spinal Fusion Stimulator during Magnetic Resonance Imaging 718

C.K. Chou, J.A. McDougallandK.W. Chan

3.3.2: CT Imaging Systems and Reconstruction TechniquesComparison between a Deterministic and a Bayesian Approach in Image Reconstruction 720

F. Bouchet, J.F. Lecomte, JM. Travere and D. BloyetIterative Inversion of the Radon Transform using Image-Adaptive Wavelet Constraints 722

B. Sahiner and A. YagleA Generalised Diffraction Tomography Technique based on Non-Linear Optimization and Gaussian Basis Expansion of the Scatterer 724

T.A. Manlatis, K,S, Nlkita, K.T. Ladas andN.K. UzunogluA Coherent Scatter Computed Tomography with Scintillator-CCD System

726

A. Hoshino, T, Takeda, M. Akiba, M. Kazama, Y. Watanabe, T. Yuasa, K. Hyodo, A. Uchida, T. Akatsuka and Y. Itai

Incoherent-Scatter Computed Tomography with Monochromatic Synchrotron X-Ray 728

T. Yuasa, T. Takeda, M. Akiba, M. Kazama, A. Hoshino, Y. Watanabe, K. Hyodo, F.A. Dilmanian, T. Akatsuka and Y. Itai

Two-Dimensional Microwave Tomographic System •

730

S.Y. Semenov. A.E. Bulyshev, A.E. Souvorov, R.H. Svenson, Y.E. Sizov, I.M. Kozlov, V.Y. Borlsov, V.G. Posukhand G.P. Tatsls

3.3.3: MR-CT Brain Image AnalysisA System for MR Brain Image Segmentation •

732

A.P. Dhawan, A. Zavaljevskl, A. Sarwal, S. Holland. M. Gaskill-Shlpleyand W.S. Ball

Extraction of Brain Tissues by Non-Parametric Region Growing Method734

M. Yanase, M. Hasewaga, T. Ikeguchl and T. Matozakl

Hierarchical Segmentation of CT Head Images736

5. Loncarlc, D. Coslc and A.P. Dhawan

Large 3D Segmentation and Labeling using Self-Organizing Kohonen Network for Volumetric Measurements on Brain CTlmaging to Quantify TBI

Recovery•

738

M.N. Ahmed and A.A. FaragValidation of Tissue Segmentation Based on 3D Feature Map in an Animal Model of a Brain Tumor 740

S. Vinitski, F. Mohamad, K, Khallll, J. Gordon, M, Curtis, R.L. Knobler, C. Gonzalez and J. Mack

Geometry-Driven Diffusion Smoothing of the MR-Brain Images using a Novel Variable Conductance 743

I. BaJla and I. Hollander

3.3.4: MR Image Processing and ApplicationsComputer Analysis of MR linages of Human Knee Joints to Measure Femoral Cartilage Thickness

746

A. Kshlrsagar. M.D. Robson, P.J. Watson, N.J. Herrod, J.A. Tylerand L.D. Hall

Table of contents - xi

18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Amsterdam 1996

Determination of Fat and Water Contents in Human from "SAT"-MR1 Sequences using Automatic Image Segmentation 748C. Datin. A. Colin, J.Y. Boire, JM. Francoll, 1. Tauveron, A. VeyieandM. Zanca

Automatic Procedure for the Post-Processing of in-Vivo 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 750

L.T. Mainardi, D. Origgi, A. Paganinl, A. Fallnl, G. Calabrcse, G. ScottiandS. Ceruttl

Enhancement ofMR Images using Non-Linear Techniques 752

J. Crespo, V. Maojo, C. Herrero andJ.A, Sanandres

Detection and Time-Tracking of Cardiac Boundaries in MRI 4D Data using Snakes 754

H. Abrishaml, Y. Maingourd and J. Lerallut

Image Analysis for Magnetic Resonance Elastography 756

A. Manduca. R. Muthuplllai, P,J. Rossman, J.F. GreenleafandR.L. Ehman

3.4.1: Electrical Impedance Tomograpy-Reconstruction AlgorithmsThree Dimensional Electrical Impedance Tomography ofthe Human Thorax 758

P. Metherall, R.H. Smallwood and B.C. Barber

Quantification Improvement in E1T Reconstruction Algorithms by Incorporating a Priori Geometrical Information 760

A. Frangi and P. Riu

Pattern Recognition Based Imaging in Electrical Impedance Tomography 762

0. Mikhallova, W-W. Dai and J. Chee

E.I.T. Image Reconstruction using Unifoim Total Lead Sensitivities 764

M.B. Gokgozand Y. OlgenA Convergence Estimator for the Iterative Reconstruction of Electrical Impedance Tomography Images •. 766

T.F. Schuessicr and J.H.T. Bates

Electrical Impedance Image Reconstruction using the Genetic Algorithm 768

K.S. Cheng, B.H. Chen andH.S. TongHigh Speed In Vivo Chest Imaging with Oxbact 111 770

C.N. McLeod, CW. Denyer, F.J. Lldgey, W.R.B. Lionheart, K.S. Paulson, M.K. Pidcock and Y. Shi

3.4.2: Applications of Electrical Impedance TomographyA Validation Study of Stroke Volume Measurement by Means of Electrical Impedance Tomography 772

A. Janse, A. Vonk Noordegraaf, J.T. Marcus, R.M. Heethaar, P.E. Postmus. T.J.C. Faes andPM.J.M. de Vrles

Imaging of the Head using Induced Current Impedance Tomography 774

CM. Towers, I.E. Freeston andR.C. Tozer

Monitoiing ofLung Volume in Dogs with Electrical Impedance Tomography 776

A. Adler, N. Shlnozuka, R. Guardo, Y, Berthiaume and J. Bates

Electrical Impedance Tomographic Spectroscopy in the Detection of Increased Lung Water in Heart Failure 778

T.J. Noble, A.H. Morlce, P. Milnes, N.D. Harris, A.D. Leathard, S. Smith and B.H. Brown

Regional Ventilation and Perfusion Assessed by Electrical Impedance Imaging .' 780

J.C. Newell, D. Isaacson andR.S. Blue

A Preliminary Investigation Electrical Impedance Measurements ofthe Cervix as a Method of Monitoring and Predicting the Onset of Labour 782

N.J. Avis, S.W. Llndow andF. Kleinermann

3.4.3: Electrical Impedance Imaging TechniquesElectrical Impedance Tomography using the Magnetic Field Generated by Injected Currenls 784

0. Birgdl and Y.Z. Ider

2-D Approach for Reconstruction in Electrical Impedance Tomography 786

S. Y. Semenov, A.E. Bulyshev, A.E. Souvorov, R.H. Svenson, Y.E. Sizov, IM. Kozlov. V G Posukh and G.P. Tatsis

Development of an Intravascular Impedance Catheter for Detection of Fatty Lesions in Arteries 788

M.K. Konlngs. W.P.Th.M. Mali and M.A VlergevcrEffect ofElectrode Size on Impedance Images of 3-D Objects 790

D. Isaacson, G Saulnler. M. Cheney, D. GisserandJ. Newell

Matrix Determination for in Vivo Tissue Characterization by Parametric Electrical Impedance Imaging 792

J-P. Morucci. B. Ayeva. F. Fargues and B. RlgaudModular Cole Phantom for Parametric Electrical Impedance Tomography 794

B. Rigaud, N. Chauvcau, B. Ayeva, F. Fargues, E. Martinez andJ-P. Morucci

Utilization of Neural Networks for Catheter Tip Position Determination in Intraventricular Impedance Imaging 796

G. W. Walker. S. Run and R.A. Peura

A Comparison of Voltage and Sensitivity Profiles from Two Forward Problem Solvers for Three Dimensional Electrical Impedance Tomography 798F. Kleinermann and N.J. Avis

A Design ofProgrammable Wide Bandwidht Current Source for an Impedance Tomograhpy System 800

W. Wang, Z. Cheng and M, McCormick

Improvement inElT Image Reconstruction by using Double F.E.M. Mesh 802

Y. Olgen and M.B, Gdkgdz3.5.1: MagnetocardiographyIndividual Boundary Element Models for Magnetocnrdiographic Applications 804

./ Loijone/i, O. Sipila, J. Nenonen, K. Laucrma. T. Joklnlemi, P.J. Rclssman, H. Pohjonon and T, KaiiJu

Detection of Very High Frequency Magnetocardiographic Signals within thcQRS Complex using Discrete Daubechics Wavelet Transl'omiai ion 806

U. Leder, M.P. Iluck, J. llauolscn, HP. Pohl. H. Nowak anclS. Muller

Classification of Cardiac Diseases Based on Singular Value Decomposition of the Mngnetocardiogram 808

J. Haueisen, U. Leder, M. Huck and II. Nowak

3.5.2: EEG/MEG - Inverse Problem and MappingA First Estimate for EEG/MEG Dipole Reconstructions 810

A. Theissen, M. Fuchs, H-A. Wischmann, M. Wagner, R. Drenckhahn and Th. Kohlcr

Depth Normalization in MEG/EEG Current Density Imaging 812

Tli. Kohler, M. Wagner, M. Fuchs, H-A, Wischmann, R, Drenckhahn and A. Theissen

Minimum LI Norm MEG Reconstruction Minimising Signal Deviation using a Reduced Lead Field 814

Table of contents - xii

18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Amsterdam 1996

S-R. Zhao andH. Hailing

Dynamic Bayesian Imaging using the Magnetoencephalogram 8(7

J.W. Phillips, RM. Leahy and J.C Mosher

Information Criteria Determine the Number ofActive Sources,

819

T. Knosche, E. Berends, H. JagersandM. Peters

Nonparamerical Statistical Mapping 322

F. Hassainia. L. McCormick. V. Medina and J. Montplaisir3.5.3: EEG MappingReconstruction of Intracranial Evoked Current Distribution Images using Generalised Matrix Inverses and Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques 825

E. Ventouras, N. Uzunoglu, C. Papageorgiou, A. Rabavilas, D, Koutsouris and C Stefanis

Directed Coherence Analysis of EEG Recorded during Music Listening 827

N. Saiwaki, H. Tsujimoto, S. Nishida and S. Inokuchi

Localization ofFocal Cerebral Ischemia by Karhunen-Loeve Transform of the EEG 829

I. Czinege, Z. Farkas, R. Urbanics and Z. Benyo3.6.1: Imaging System Analysis and ModelingAn Image Quality Prediction Model for Optimization ofX-Ray System Performance 831

V. Boutenko

Optical Coherent Imaging ofVolume Scattering Media with Near Infrared Tunable Laser 834

U. Haberland and H.J. Schmitt

Determination of the Optical Impuls Response Function of Biological Tissue and Technical Constraints 836

A. Zimolong, G. Rau, E. Gaellngs and W. Rutten

Image Transfer Characteristics ol'Europium Activated Scintillators for Medical Imaging Applications 838

D. Cavouras, I. Kandarakis, I. Theocharakis, G. Panayiotakls and C Nomicos

Signal Propagation in Rare Earth Image Receptors forDigital Mammography Applications 840

I, Kandarakis, D. Cavouras, G. Panayiotakis, E. Papadopoulou and C. Nomicos

A Monte Carlo Simulation of X-Ray Mammography 842

G. Spyrou, G. Panayiotakls and G. Tzanakos

The Path Integral Formalism Applied to Photon Migration in Turbid Media, ,

844

M.J. Wilson and P. Roife

3.6.2: PET and SPECT ImagingThe Imaging of Positron Emitters in Single Photon and Coincidence Mode: Evaluation of Spect and Pet Systems 846

A.M.J. Paans. W. Kool and A.T.M. Willemsen

Practical Application ofa New Stopping Criterion for the EM-MLE Image Reconstruction for PET 848

G.N. Kontaxakls and G.S, Tzanakos

The Galaxy Method for the 3-D Spatial Registration of PET Images to Talairach Brain Atlas 850

D. AlexofF, F. Hode, M. Denis, D. Bertollo, A.P. Dhawan, J. Logan, B. Andrews andA.P. Volkow

Reconstruction of Attenuation Map in Spect Imaging 852

A. V. Bronnikov

3.7.1: Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization

A Soundfield Correction Method by Means of Reference Phantoms in the Investigation of Acoustical Attenuation and Backscattering ofHuman Tissue 853

T. Gaertner, K. V, Jcnderka, H. Heynemann and U. Cobet

Comparison of Impedance and Ultrasound Spectroscopy in Investigations of Ischaemia Caused Alterations in Organ Tissue 855

K. V. Jenderka andE, GersingUltrasound Scattering and Attenuation Measurement by Embedding Tissue Samples in a Reference Ultrasound Phantom (Scatten) 857

T. Makela, E. Alasaarela, E. Alasaarela, A. Oikarinen and P. Mehtatalo

Tissue Mimicking Material for Intravascular Elasticity Imaging 859

C.L. de Korte, E.I. Cespedes, A.F.W. van der Steen, B. Norder andK. teNijenhuisImage Artifacts in IntravascularElastography

861

C.L. de Korte. E.I. Cespedes, A.F.W. van der Steen and C. T. Lancee

Relationship Between Micro- and Macro- Acoustic Properties of Myocardium 863

Y. Saijo, H. Sasaki, H. Okawai and S. Nitta

3.7.2: Ultrasonic Blood Flow Measurement

Wideband Cross Correlation Model Method for Blood Velocity Estimation 865

E. SturikovA, A.P.G. Hoeks and R. Luesink

Lumen Enhancement and Flow Estimation by Temporal Correlation of Radio Frequency Intravascular Ultrasound 867

W. Li, A.F. W. van derSteen, CT. Lancee, E.J. Gussenhoven andN. Bom

A Method of 3D Reconstruction ofFlow Velocity Fields from Color-Doppler Ultrasound 869

P. Bursteln and D. Adam

In-Vitro Evaluation of a New Ultrasonic Volumetric Flow Measurement Method with No Angle Correction .'. 871

J.K. Poulsen andM. Chew

Dynamic Spectral Analysis of Arterial Doppler Blood Flow Signals using Time-Frequency Representations 873

X. Long, J. W. Lee and V.C. Roberts

Parameters Measurement of Coronary Blood Flow Velocity using a Fast Wavelet Transform Based Algorithm 875

C. Francalancia. V. di Virgilio, E. Conti, A. Lupi andS. Cemtti

3.7.3: Ultrasound Imaging - Cardiac ApplicationsFully Automatic Echocardiographical Feature Extraction Applied to Left Ventricular Wall Motion and Volume Changes Visualisation 877

S.K. Setarehdan andJ.J. SoraghanImproving Border Identification in Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms using Temporal Information 879

MM. Choyand J.S. Jin

The Potential of Mathematical Morphology for Contour Extraction from Ultrasound Images 881

HM. Hamdan. A.B. YousselandM.E. Rasmy

Detecting the Wall-Motion of the Fetal Heart Within Ultrasound Images ,

883

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18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Amsterdam 1996

S.H. Gibson, 1-I.E. Villanueva and J. Falconer

Computer System for Clinical Echocardiography 885

Y.M. Belozerov. D.A. PrilulskiandS.V. Selishchev

3.7.4: Ultrasound Imaging Systems and ApplicationsElimination of Specific Transducer Influence on Signals from Intravascular Ultrasonic Catheters 887

W. Schmidt. M. Nlendod. D. Behrend, K-P. Schmidt and W. Urbaszek

Doppler Time-Frequency Estimators: Cost/Benefit Analysis 889

J.C. Cardoso. P.J. Fish andM.G. Ruano

Ultrasound Bubble Excitation for Doppler Measurement of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Flow 891

K. W. Lam, P.A.J. Bascom, A.E. Karpelson, J.M. Drake andR.S.C. Cobbold

Parametric Ultrasound Imaging 893

J.M. Thljssen. H.J. Huisman and FM.J. Valckx

1,5-D Ultrasound Transducer Array Characterization 895

P.G. Barthe and M.K SlaytonAdvanced Amplitude Attenuation and Frequency Shift Correction in B-Mode Ultrasonic Tomography , 898

P. Kilian, B. Bijnens and J. JanA New Contrast Parameter to Qualify ID and 2D Arrays 900

M. de Kroon and F. Driessen

3.7.5: Ultrasound Image Processing - Edge Detection ApplicationsA Preprocessing Algorithm for Edge Detection With Multiple Scales of Resolution 903

R.G. Aamlnk. JJ.M.C.H. de la Rosette, F.M.J. Debruyne andH. WlJkstraA New Dynamic Contour Model: Application on Ultrasound Images 905

F. Plpeller. B. Solalman, S. Grassin and C Roux

Automatic Detection of Closed Tumor Contours in Medical Ultrasound Images on the Basis of Level-Dependent Spatial Summation 907

R.J. Collarls and A.P. G. Hoeks

Segmentation of B-Scan Images ofGallstones Based on Mathematical Morphology 909

W. Albert, C Kocherscheldt, M, Pandit and M, Pfelffer

4.1.1: Neural Network Based Analysis of EEG SignalsSpatio-Temporal Filtering of the EEG via Neural Network Based Multireference Adaptive Noise Cancelling 911

C.J. James, M.T. Hagan, R.D. Jones, P.J. Bones and G.J. Carrol

The Self-Organising Feature Map in the Detection ofEpileptiform Transients in the EEG 913

CJ. James, R.D. Jones, P.J. Bones and G.J. Carrol

EEG and Artifact Classification using a Neural Network 915

C,B. Aim, S.H. Lee and T.Y. Lee

Training Neural Networks for Stimulus Artifact Reduction in Somatosensory Evoked Potential Measurements 917

R.C.W. Grieve, P.A. Parker andB. liudgins4.1.2: Neural Network Based Analysis of ECG SignalsValidating ECG Signals using a Single-Layer ANN 919

E. Vuilings A.J. KrlJgsman and HB. VerbruggenApplication of Learning Vector Quantization for Localization of Myocardial Infarction 921

L. Reinhardt. R. Vesanto, J. Montonen, T. Fetsch, M. Makijarvl, G, Sierra and G. Breithardt

Identification of High Risk Patients in Cardiology by Wavelet Netwoiks 923/-/. Dlckhaus and H. Heinrich

Feature Reduction and RBF in Classifiers Based on ANN 925

G. Bortolan and S. Fusaro

Towards Self-Improving NN Based ECG Classifiers 927H. Behlouli. M. Miquel. J. Fayn and P. Rubel

Detection of ECG Waveforms by using Artificial Neural Networks 929

Z. Dokur, T. Olmez, M. Korurek and E. YazganSupervised and Unsupervised Learning for Diagnostic ECG Classification 931

R. Silipo, G. Bortolan and C. Marches!

4.1.3: Neural Network Based Analysis of Various SignalsAdaptively Trained Artificial Neural Network Identification of Left Ventricular Assist Device 933

H.M. Kim, S.H. Kim and J. W. RyuRapid Eye Movement Detection in Infants using a Neural Network ,935

D. Barschdorffand D. Gerhard!Classification of Ballistocardiography using Wavelet Transform and Neural Networks 937

X. Yu, D. Dent and C. Osbom

4.2.1: Time-varying Analysis of EEG SignalsTracking of Nonstationary EEG with the Polynomial Root Perturbation 939

L. Patlmaki, J,P. Kaipio, P.A. Kaijalainen and M. Juntunen

Recursive Bayesian Estimation of Single Trial Evoked Potentials 941P.A. Kaijalainen, J.P Kaipio. A.S. Koistinen and T. KSrkl

Real-Time Separation of Mixed Non-stationary Signals 944A.K. BarrosandN. Ohnlshi

On the Detection of Steady State Visually Evoked Potentials 946A.P Liavas, G. V. Moustakides, G. Homing, E.Z, Psarakls and P. Husar

A System for Detecting Epileptiform Discharges in theEEG: Real-Time Operation and Clinical Trial 948R.D. Jones. A.A Dingle. G.J. Carroll, R.D. Green, M. Black, I.M. Donaldson, P.J. Parkin, P.J. Bones and K.L Burgess

4.2.2: Time-varying Analysis of Various SignalsTime-Varying Filtering of the First and Second Heart Sounds 950

A. Haghighi-Mood and J.N. Tony

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