Announcements Exam 3 is scheduled for Wednesday April 8. Will be pushed back to Monday April 13...
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Transcript of Announcements Exam 3 is scheduled for Wednesday April 8. Will be pushed back to Monday April 13...
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Announcements• Exam 3 is scheduled for Wednesday April 8. Will be pushed back to Monday April 13 Tentatively will cover the rest of Chapter 4 and all of Chapters 5 & 6. Sample Questions will be posted tomorrow.
• 1st Quarter Observing Night Thursday night. Set-up starts at 6:30 if clear, 6:45 if cloudy.
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Colored Card QuestionsClassAction website
ISM & Star Formation moduleStar Formation MassesEmission Nebula Energy Source
Stellar Properties II moduleStellar ParametersHR Groups
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Life beyond the Main Sequence
What happens when a star runs out of hydrogen fuel in its core?
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With no more hydrogen fusion occurring in the core, hydrogen fusion continues in a shell around the core
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Energy imbalance from shell hydrogen fusion creates a Red Giant
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Helium Fusion starts when core reaches 100,000,000°
The higher temperature is needed to overcome the stronger electric repulsion between the nuclei
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Triple Alpha Helium Fusion
BeHeHe 844 CHeBe 1248
CHe 1243
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Additional Fusion involving He
OHeC 16412
Ash from Helium Fusion:Carbon & Oxygen
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Helium fusion begins differently for some stars
The determining factor is whether or not the core becomes degenerate
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Normal versus degenerate
electron energy levels
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Degeneracy• Electron energy levels crowded together
almost continuous
• All low energy levels are fullPauli Exclusion Principle
• Only place for additional electrons to go is
in high energy levels which meansthey must be moving at close to
thespeed of light
• Adding more mass decreases the volume
• Temperature is same everywhere
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Evolution on an H – R DiagramHelium Flash
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For low mass stars: a second red giant stage
The second red giant phase begins when the helium fuel in the core is exhausted and core fusion
once again stops
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Internal Structure of AGB star
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Convection in final stages dredges up products of
earlier fusion and ejects it into space
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Thermal Pulses cause whole layers of a star to lift
off
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Stars recycle most matter back out into the universe
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Planetary Nebulae form from low mass stars
(<8Msun)
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In the end, only the cooling core is left: a white dwarf star
Canis Major VisibleX-ray
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Colored Card Questions
ClassAction website Stellar Evolution moduleHR Evolutionary TrackHR MovementCore Stages 1Core Stages 2
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White dwarf stars are planetary size but stellar
mass
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White Dwarf Stars are degenerate matter
Chandrasekhar Limit
1.4 Msun
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The evolutionary path of white dwarf stars are cooling
curves
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A white dwarf in a binary system can be revived to
become a cataclysmic variable
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For stars with mass >8Msun Carbon fusion begins at
600,000,000°
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Carbon fusion produces Oxygen, Neon and Magnesium
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Higher fusion requires higher temperatures and takes less
time
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Internal Structure becomes layered like an onion
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Once iron starts to form energy is no longer produced
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When the iron
core reaches 1.4 solar masses the end comes swiftly
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The End: Photo-disintegration and Reverse Beta Decay
HeEnergyHighFe 4
npe
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Type IIa Supernova
Watch Supernova videos