Annexure-III - Revised DPR - 2 MW Biomass Power Plant at SA

SURYACHAKRA GREEN FUELS PRIVATE

LIMITED

Project: 2.28 MW Biomass Power Plant Detailed Project Report Client: Suryachakra Green Fuels Private Limited

Aquatherm Engineering Consultants (I) Pvt Ltd., Page 2 of 111

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

FOR

2.28 MW BIOMASS BASED

POWER PROJECT AT ANDAMAN & NICOBAR

ISLANDS

NOVEMBER 2012

PROJECT CONSULTANT:

AQUATHERM ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS

(INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED,

CHENNAI 600 004,

INDIA.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION – 1 ...................................................................................................................... 7

1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 8

1.1. ABOUT THE PROJECT .............................................................................................. 8

1.2. PREFACE ................................................................................................................... 9

SECTION – 2 .....................................................................................................................15

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................16

SECTION 3 ........................................................................................................................18

3. PROJECT AT A GLANCE ......................................................................................19

3.1. PLANT DETAILS ....................................................................................................... 19

3.2. TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE PLANT ................................................................... 19

3.3. EXCERPTS FROM BIOMASS ASSESSMENT REPORT ........................................ 21

SECTION 4 ........................................................................................................................23

4. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE SITE ......................................................................24

4.1. SITE LOCATION ....................................................................................................... 24

4.2. METEOROLOGICAL DATA ...................................................................................... 24

4.3. WIND AND SEISMIC DATA ..................................................................................... 24

4.4. WATER SOURCE ..................................................................................................... 24

4.5. FUEL ......................................................................................................................... 25

4.6. POWER EVACUATION ............................................................................................ 25

SECTION 5 ........................................................................................................................26

5. SELECTION OF COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY ..................................................27

5.1. MACHINERY REQUIRED FOR DIRECT COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY ............. 27

5.2. PROCESS FLOW OF THE POWER PLANT............................................................ 28

5.3. SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT ................................................................................. 29

5.4. TYPE OF BIOMASS FUELS AND COMBUSTION MECHANISMS ......................... 30

5.5. TYPE AND SIZE OF POWER PLANT ...................................................................... 31

5.6. THERMAL CYCLES AND STEAM PARAMETERS ................................................. 31

5.7. HEAT AND MASS BALANCE ................................................................................... 33

5.8. SIZING OF PLANT & MACHINERY ......................................................................... 33

SECTION – 6 .....................................................................................................................35

6. PLANT LAYOUT ....................................................................................................36

6.1. LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................. 36



6.2. ASH, EFFLUENT & SEWAGE DISPOSAL ............................................................... 37

6.3. PLANT LAYOUT ....................................................................................................... 37

6.4. APPROACH & INTERNAL ROADS .......................................................................... 39

SECTION - 7 ......................................................................................................................40

7. DESCRIPTION OF THE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS ...............................................41

7.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................... 41

7.2. BOILER SYSTEM ..................................................................................................... 41

7.3. SUPERHEATER SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 43

7.4. ATTEMPERATOR SYSTEM ..................................................................................... 43

7.5. SOOT BLOWING SYSTEM ...................................................................................... 44

7.6. FUEL FEEDING SYSTEM ........................................................................................ 44

7.7. DRAFT SYSTEM ...................................................................................................... 44

7.8. DUCTING SYSTEM .................................................................................................. 45

7.9. CHEMICAL DOSING SYSTEM ................................................................................ 45

7.10. ESP ........................................................................................................................... 45

7.11. CHIMNEY .................................................................................................................. 46

7.12. ASH HANDLING SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 46

7.13. BOTTOM ASH HANDLING SYSTEM ....................................................................... 46

7.14. FLY ASH HANDLING SYSTEM ................................................................................ 46

7.15. TURBO-GENERATOR SYSTEM .............................................................................. 46

7.16. STEAM TURBINE GOVERNING SYSTEM .............................................................. 48

7.17. WATER TREATMENT PLANT ................................................................................. 52

7.18. SERVICE WATER .................................................................................................... 52

7.19. FIRE WATER & FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM ....................................................... 53

7.20. CRANES AND HOISTS ............................................................................................ 55

7.21. COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM .................................................................................. 55

7.22. AIR-CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION SYSTEM ............................................... 55

7.23. TECHNICAL DATA FOR MAJOR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT.............................. 56

SECTION 8 ........................................................................................................................59

8. DESCRIPTION OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ........................................................60

8.1. GENERATOR ........................................................................................................... 60

8.2. SURGE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT ...................................................................... 64

8.3. POWER EVACUATION ............................................................................................ 64

8.4. 11 KV SWITCHGEAR ............................................................................................... 64

8.5. POWER TRANSFORMERS ..................................................................................... 65

8.6. 33KV SWITCHYARD ................................................................................................ 65

8.7. AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY ARRANGEMENT .................................................... 68

8.8. 415V SYSTEM .......................................................................................................... 68



8.9. CONTROL & PROTECTION SYSTEM ..................................................................... 69

8.10. EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY ............................................................................. 71

8.11. DIRECT CURRENT SUPPLY SYSTEM ................................................................... 71

8.12. UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY (UPS) SYSTEM ........................................... 72

8.13. LIGHTING ................................................................................................................. 72

8.14. CABLING .................................................................................................................. 73

8.15. LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM ...................................................................... 74

8.16. FIRE ALARM SYSTEM ............................................................................................. 74

8.17. FIRE CONTAINMENT ............................................................................................... 74

8.18. PLANT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ...................................................................... 74

8.19. SAFETY EARTHING SYSTEM ................................................................................. 75

8.20. INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM .................................................... 75

SECTION 9 ........................................................................................................................77

9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND POLLUTION CONTROL ..................................78

9.1. CONTROL METHODS FOR AIR POLLUTION ........................................................ 78

9.2. CONTROL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION ................................................. 79

9.3. CONTROL METHODS FOR THERMAL POLLUTION ............................................. 80

9.4. CONTROL METHODS FOR NOISE POLLUTION ................................................... 80

9.5. DG SETS .................................................................................................................. 80

9.6. INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FROM POWER PLANT ................................................... 81

SECTION 10 ......................................................................................................................82

10. STATUTORY CELARANCES REQUIRED .............................................................83

10.1. IN PRINCIPLE CLEARANCE FROM ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT OF A&N

ISLANDS ................................................................................................................... 83

10.2. APPROVAL FOR PARALLEL OPERATION............................................................. 83

10.3. CLEARANCE FROM AIR PORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA ........................................ 83

10.4. POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD ............................................................................. 83

10.5. APPROVAL FROM LOCAL PANCHAYAT ............................................................... 83

10.6. INSURANCE ............................................................................................................. 83

10.7. APPROVAL FOR THE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION ............................................ 84

10.8. APPROVAL FOR THE FACTORY INSTALLATION ................................................ 84

10.9. BOILER AND PRESSURE PART COMPONENTS .................................................. 84

10.10. APPROVAL FROM GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY ................................................ 84

SECTION 11 ......................................................................................................................85

11. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE .......................................................................86

11.1. BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE O&M TEAM .............................................................. 86

11.2. FACILITIES TO BE EXTENDED TO THE EMPLOYEES ......................................... 87



11.3. STATION MAINTENANCE PHILOSOPHY ............................................................... 88

11.4. MAINTENANCE PLAN AND SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE .................................. 88

11.5. MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ............................................................. 89

11.6. SPARE PARTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .............................................................. 89

11.7. AVAILABILTY OF O & M MANUALS ........................................................................ 89

11.8. SPECIAL TOOLS AND TACKLES ............................................................................ 90

11.9. OPERATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................... 90

11.10. CHECK-LIST AND PROTOCOL ............................................................................... 90

SECTION 12 ......................................................................................................................92

12. COST ESTIMATION AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ................................................93

SECTION – 13 ...................................................................................................................94

13. SWOT ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................95

SECTION – 14 ...................................................................................................................97

14. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ..........................................98

SECTION 15 ......................................................................................................................99

15. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................ 100

15.1. PROJECT SCHEDULE ........................................................................................... 100

15.2. PROJECT MANAGEMENT..................................................................................... 100

15.3. CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ........................................................................ 102

15.4. CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION ........................................... 103

15.5. INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES & CIVIL SYSTEM ........................................... 104

15.6. QUALITY ASSURANCE & INSPECTION ............................................................... 105

15.7. MAN POWER TRAINING & PLACEMENT ............................................................. 106

SECTION 16 .................................................................................................................... 108

16. LIST OF DRAWINGS ........................................................................................... 109

SECTION – 17 ................................................................................................................. 110

17. ANNEXURES ....................................................................................................... 111

ANNEXURE –I FINANCIAL STATEMENT

ANNEXURE –II WATER ANALYSIS REPORT (Will be submitted shortly)

ANNEXURE –III BIOMASS STUDY AVAILABILITY REPORT

ANNEXURE –IV PROJECT SCHEDULE

ANNEXURE –V SITE PLAN



SECTION – 1

INTRODUCTION



1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. ABOUT THE PROJECT

1.1.1. M/s. Suryachakra Green Fuels Private Limited (hereinafter referred to as SGFPL),

proposes to set up biomass based power generation plant at at Mithakhari village,

Ferrargunj Tehsil in South Andaman Islands.

1.1.2. SGFPL is a professionally managed company promoted by well qualified people

who have several years of experience in creating power generation projects

using renewable energy sources.

1.1.3. There has been a deficit power situation in the union territory of A&N Islands.

With depleting fossil fuels, the renewable source of energy has gained importance

worldwide. The A&N Government has been encouraging setting up of mini power

plants based on the usage of renewable sources. Keeping in view the deficit

situation for power and encouragement given by Government for setting up of

renewable energy projects.

1.1.4. In view of the above, M/s. Suryachakra Green Fuels Private Limited proposes to

establish 2.28 MW Biomass based Power Project in Andaman & Nicobar Islands

1.1.5. Based on the availability of biomass (Coconut, arecanut, red oil palm, cashenut,

cereals like paddy, maize, pulse, napier grass and wood chips) with in 50km

radius from the site. The estimated availability of surplus biomass is 1,83,000 Ton,

which is much more of the annual biomass requirement for the 2.28 MW plant.

The annual biomass fuel requirement for proposed 2.28 MW plant is estimated at

18,754.56 MT/year

1.1.6. The power will be evacuated to 33 / 11 kV through generator transformer.



1.2. PREFACE

1.2.1. Today, most of the regions in the country are plagued with power shortages

leading to erratic and unreliable supply. The problem becomes acute during peak

hours and thus necessitates planned load shedding by many utilities to maintain

the grid in a healthy state. The all India average shortages during 2001-2002 were

7.8 percent in terms of energy and 13 per cent in terms of peak load. Based on the

projections of demand made in the 16th Electric Power Survey, additional

generation capacity of over 1,00,000 MW needs to be added to ensure 'Power on

Demand by 2012. This amounts to nearly doubling the existing capacity of about

1,00,000 MW. In other words, the achievements of more than five decades need to

be replicated in the next decade. Apart from massive resource mobilisation, the

task of identifying a basket of techno-economically viable and environmentally

sustainable projects in it is a daunting challenge. India is endowed with vast

energy resources, both conventional and non-conventional Meeting the additional

capacity demand of over 1,00,000 MW requires taking advantage of all

economically viable sources of energy in an optimum manner within the energy

mix. In the new millennium, environment compulsions on one hand and the need

to achieve energy security on the other demand thrust on development power

from non-conventional resources. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has

recently announced a National Renewable Energy Policy. The policy envisages

capacity addition of 10,000 MW during the time-frame 2002-2012.

1.2.2. Fossil fuels and hydro-electricity will continue to play a dominant role in the

country's energy sector in the next few decades. However, fossil fuel resources are

limited, and nonrenewable energy sources, therefore, need to be used prudently.

At the same time the existing technologies of production, transmission and

distribution of electricity as well as end-use have inherent inefficiencies. It is,

therefore, imperative to diversify the country's energy supply. The future

requirements of electricity are likely to be for decentralised, people-managed

systems. This would, however, call for a major transition in terms of technologies,

organisation and attitudes. Renewable energy is seen as an effective option for

ensuring access to modern energy services. In addition, it also provides a degree

of national energy security.

1.2.3. Today India is in the forefront of international effort to harness renewable energy

resources and has one of the largest and most broad-based programmes in non-

conventional energy. There is significant potential in India for generation of power

from renewable energy sources such as wind, small hydro, biomass and solar



energy. Special emphasis has, therefore, been given on the generation of grid

quality power from renewable energy sources.

1.2.4. Over 3700 MW of power generating capacity based on renewable energy sources

has already been installed in the country. This constitutes about 3.4 percent of the

total installed capacity. This has largely come about through private investment

The Prime Minister has already announced a goal of 10 per cent share for

renewable, or 10,000 MW, in the power generating capacity to be added in the

next twelve years. The notable initiatives include a biomass resource assessment

programme with a view to bringing out a Biomass Resource Atlas for India;

a programme to identify fast track projects and accelerate their financial closure.

1.2.5. As per the 16th

Electric Power Survey of India conducted by CEA, New Delhi and

published during September 2000 the projected power requirements for A & N

Islands is detailed below;

Categories 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2006-7 2011-12 2016-17

-------------------------Estimated---------------------------

Energy

Consumption(MU)

119.31

130.48*

142.41

157.00

236.00

374.00

591.00

Requirement(MU) 148 161 176 194

Demand

Peak Load (MW) 31 33 37 40 49 70 111

Capacity

required (MW) 44 47 53 57 70 100 158



1.2.6. To meet the energy requirement as detailed above, present development model

for generation of power followed so far has been based on excessive

consumption of conventional fossil fuels, diesel. Dependence on this model has

endangered the environment and ecology with disastrous consequences to

natural resources and has proved to be highly expensive and unviable. It is

estimated that, at this rate well before the end of the new millennium the world will

run out of conventional source of energy. Environmental degradation, socio

economic pressures and geo political tilts would only aggravate the situation.

Already the impact is visible in the peak atmospheric pollution leading to climate

change as manifested in global bio diversity and ecology of different regions

1.2.7. It is in the above background, the renewable sources of energy have attracted

global attention and evoked interest among planners, policy makers, economists

and environmental activists as a viable option to achieve the goal of sustainable

development. If the current interest in renewable source of energy gets

concretized into projects to tap their enormous potential, the energy generation in

21st

century can be expected to move away from fossil fuels.

1.2.8. The commitment has been received from all nations in the Kyoto Protocol to

pursue the goal of sustainable economic development. Following this the MNCs

and Multilateral agencies like World Bank and Asian Development Bank have

pledged to provide resources necessary to achieve the goal. Carbon free energy

technologies, which do not depend on fossil fuels, are emerging as viable

commercial proposals and gives exciting opportunities for potential investors

1.2.9. The Ministry of Power (MoP), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) and

Government of Andaman & Nicobar have decided to promote biomass based

sources of energy, recognizing the need to explore alternatives to fossil fuels,

socio-economic aspects and the environmental benefits associated with such

Projects. Andaman & Nicobar energy scenario calls for the optimum management

of all available resources in order to attain the national goals of development and

social equity. A well-balanced energy mix, in which all energy resources are

utilised on the basis of their economic value and environmental costs, is essential

for sustainable development Renewable energy resources are non-depleting, can

effectively meet energy demand and are environmentally benign.

1.2.10. Biomass based Projects offer several other benefits such as avoided use of fossil

fuels, modular nature and efficient generation of heat and power, improved local

and general security of supply, increasing cost effectiveness, and reduced need

for waste disposal. The environmental benefits associated with these projects

include reduction in greenhouse gases and protection of the ozone layer.



1.2.11. Since biomass fuels will be used in this power plant, this plant qualifies for MNRE

subsidy on capital cost and interest on loan.

This plant will also qualifies for CDM benefits, since the biomass fuels will be

used instead of fossil fuels, thereby generate carbon credits.

1.2.12. PROMOTERS

M/s. Suryachakra Green Fuels Private Limited [SGFPL] was promoted by

Sri S.M. Manepalli & Associates.

Dr. S. M. Manepalli hails from an agricultural and business family from Bhimavaram,

West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh and is a qualified medical doctor. During the

period 1974-87, he was engaged in the rice milling business and operated 6 rice mills

belonging to the family. He had served as the President of Bhimavaram Rice & Oil

Merchants Association during 1983-87. He had also operated Deep-sea Foreign

Fishing Vessels on Charter basis during 1987-92.

Since 1992 he was engaged in Aqua-culture Business. During this period he was also

engaged in Construction & Operation of Prawn/Fish Tanks, Hatchery, Feed Mill &

Processing Plants

Inspired by the liberalization policies of Govt. of India, during 1995 he diversified his

business interests by setting up power generation plants following the privatization of

power sector. He promoted Suryachakra Power Corporation Limited (SPCL) for setting

up of 20 MW power plant in A & N islands.

At present, Suryachakra Group has been operating 4 units of 10 MW biomass power

plants at various places in India.

Mr. M. Seshavatharam is a graduate in commerce. He hails from business community.

He has to his credit varied business experience. He has gained experience particularly

in power projects, agriculture and fresh water fish culture. He is the Director on the

Board of M/s. Suryachakra Power Corporation Limited, a company which established a

20 MW Independent Power Project at Port Blair in Andaman & Nicobar Islands. He is

also a Director in various other Companies whose main business is generation of

Power.

Mr. K. Vijay Kumar is Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical). He had worked in APSEB/

APGENCO as Asst. Engineer to Superintending Engineer. He has over 30 year of

experience.



Mr. K. Satyanarayana is a graduate in engineering and having rich experience in

development of power projects and engineering related projects. He has over all

experience of 30 years in various fields. He had worked with reputed firms in India. He

also worked in Malaysia and Singapore for several years in engineering related projects

1.2.13. About the Consultants

Aquatherm Engineering Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd., is engaged in the consultancy

services for various types of power plant in India and abroad. The field of operations

involved offering total consultancy services right from project feasibility stage to

performance testing stage.

The Company offers services like preparation of feasibility report, Detailed Project

Report, Preparation of detail technical specification for the equipment to be procured,

preparation of detail engineering drawings wherever required by the client, purchase

management and project management.

The company assists the client in floating of tenders for procurement of major

equipment and helps them in evaluating the offers to arrive at the best choice.

Wherever necessary detailed engineering, drawings are prepared on behalf of the client

for the equipment, which are to be directly procured by them.

The company offers necessary support to the client in project monitoring in order to

complete project on schedule and co-ordinate the activities with the main equipment

suppliers to achieve the guarantee performance figures. The Company is involved in

the above mentioned activities in thermal power plant namely coal based, combined

cycle plant, engine based power plant, Bagasse fired sugar biomass plants, biomass

based and Hydro power plant.

Company had successfully relocated 63.75 MW coal fired thermal power plant from

South Africa to Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The plant has been running satisfactorily from

1999 with a PLF of 95% plus. Aquatherm is also currently executing biomass power

plant in Tamil Nadu with capacity ranging from 5 MW to 18 MW. Aquatherm is

executing a 60 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant using natural gas as fuel in Tamil

Nadu.

Aquatherm Engineering has built up substantial experience in power plant engineering,

having been responsible for over 450 electric generating plants completed or in

progress, with a total value of engineering projects handled over Rs.7000 Crores



Power Generating Experience

Steam Power Plants - 36 nos. upto 660 MW rating

Overseas Projects - 23 nos. upto 190 MW rating

Biomass Projects - 19 nos. upto 22 MW rating

Cogeneration Projects - 12 nos. upto 27.3 MW rating

Gas Turbine - 7 nos. upto 59 MW rating



SECTION – 2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Project : 2.28 MW Biomass Power Project

Location

Plant : Mithakhari village, Ferrargunj Tehsil

union territory : Andaman & Nicobar

Promoters : Suryachakra Green Fuels Private Limited.,

Hyderabad.

Report Prepared by : Aquatherm Engineering Consultants (India)

Pvt. Ltd., Chennai.

The scope of this detailed project report includes the following:

Justification for installation of a power project at Mithakhari village, Ferrargunj

Tehsil, Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Confirmation regarding the maximum power generation capacity possible,

considering the quantum of Biomass / alternate fuel availability for sizing the

Turbo-alternator

Basic design of all main and auxiliary systems based on selection of optimum

alternatives / configurations.

Preparation of plant overall layout covering all buildings and equipment.

Proposals for meeting the pollution control board norms.

Outline of project implementation plan.

Plant operation philosophy and manning schedule for Operation and

Maintenance.

Preparation of capital cost estimate and financial analysis.

The tariff fixed by Andaman & Nicobar Government for purchase of power from

biomass based power plant is Rs. 9.81 per unit. The same is considered for the

financial calculations.

The power plant will use Coconut, arecanut, red oil palm, cashenut, Hybrid Napier

Grass, cereals like paddy, maize, pulse, napier grass and wood chips. The annual

requirement will be approximately 18,754.56 MT/year. The availability of biomass

in the area covering 50 kms radius is more than 183,000 tons.



The water requirement of the plant will be 6.74 m³/hr. The water requirement will

be met from the bore wells to be dug in the project site.

The generated power will be exported to grid through 33 kV lines. The power will

be evacuated to the Electricity Department sale through UT grid by stepping-up

the generated power to 33 KV.

The project cost works out to Rs.1495.18 lakhs including interest during

construction and working capital margin.

The promoters are contributing Rs 448.55 lakhs of the project cost as equity and

the balance Rs 1046.63 lakhs will be met by term loans from financial institutions.

The moratorium is considered as 18 months including construction period

The results of the financial analysis are as follows:

IRR– Internal rate of return : 14.54 %

DSCR (debt service coverage ratio) : 1.40

Payback period : 7 years

Return on equity : 19 %

The project is techno economically viable, based on the various technical and

financial analyses for generating power using biomass, and it is recommended to

implement the project.



SECTION 3

PROJECT AT A GLANCE



3. PROJECT AT A GLANCE

3.1. PLANT DETAILS

Name of the plant : 2.28 MW Biomass Power Plant.,

Andaman & Nicobar.

Site Address : Mithakhari village, Ferrargunj Tehsil,

Andaman & Nicobar Islands

.

3.2. TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE PLANT

Boiler data:

Boiler capacity at MCR (100% load) : 12.50 tons / hr

Steam pressure at Superheater Outlet : 44 Kg/sq.cm (a)

Steam temperature at Superheater outlet : 450 Deg C

Design fuels : Coconut, arecanut, red oil palm,

cashew nut, Hybrid Napier Grass,

cereals like paddy, maize, pulse

and wood chips

Turbo generator data:

Rated capacity of the turbine : 2280 kW

Steam pressure at the TG inlet : 42 kg/sq.cm (a)

Steam temperature at the TG inlet : 445 Deg. C

Type of turbine : Bleed cum condensing

Generator voltage : 11 kV

Condenser type : Air Cooled

Water:

Water sources : Ground water.

Water requirement : 6.74 m³/hr



Power evacuation:

Voltage : 33 kV

Nearest Substation : Garacharma

Fuel handling : Series of Belt and Slat Conveyors

Ash handling

Bottom ash : Manually handled

Fly ash : Dense Phase Ash Handling System

Chimney : Steel

DM plant capacity : 1.5 m³/hr

Biomass proposed to be used : Biomass from Coconut, arecanut,

red oil palm, Hybrid Napier Grass,

cashenut, cereals like

paddy, maize, pulse and wood

chips. Densification of the above

material in to Pellets & Briquettes.

Backward integration of biomass

Yearly consumption in Tons : 1st year – 16,410.24 MT/year

2rd year onwards – 18,754.56

MT/year

Radius of Collection : Largely Andaman Group of Islands.

A&N Islands

Fuel GCV : 3800 kcal/kg

Cost of Biomass Rs./MT : 4850 (Total Fuel price Rs.5338/MT)

Supplementary fuels : Diesel

Operating Hours : 7920 hours with PLF 70% on 1st year,

7920 hours PLF 80% on 2nd

year

onwards

Electricity output

a. Auxiliary consumption : 14 %



b. Exportable Power : 1st year 110.88 lakhs kwh

2nd Year 126.72 lakhs kwh

Financing : Debt Equity ratio – 70:30

Equity : 448.55

Debt : 1046.63

3.3. EXCERPTS FROM BIOMASS ASSESSMENT REPORT

3.3.1. Availability of Biomass Fuel in the Command Area

M/s. Aquatherm Engineering Consultants India (P) Ltd., a reputed renewable energy

consultants conducted biomass resource assessment study in the islands and locations

surrounding the proposed plant location at Mithakhari village, Ferrargunj Tehsil in South

Andaman Islands and assessed the availability of surplus biomass residues consists of

Coconut, arecanut, red oil palm, Hybrid Napier Grass, cashenut, cereals like paddy ,

maize, pulse and wood chips.of 1,83,000 MTs. It may be noted that in the islands, the

length of the Andamans is 467 km with an average width of 24 km, whereas the

maximum width is 52 km. The length of the Nicobar Islands is 259 km with a maximum

width of 58 km. The estimated availability of surplus biomass is 1,83,000 MTs, which is

much more of the annual biomass requirement for the 2.28 MW plant.

Therefore, the available source of biomass was considered as Andaman & Nicobar

Islands.

However, it may be noted that most of the population is settled in and around Port Blair.

1. Major sources of biomass are the agricultures are a significant source only in certain

areas, especially in the Nicobar group of islands. 2. The difficulty, however, in the case of the above biomass, is unlike in the mainland,

where these wastes have some commercial value and therefore a collection, transporting and a trading channel, none exists in these islands. Therefore, a mechanism to collect these wastes is required.

3. In addition, any collection mechanism has to take into account accessibility of the

area or island. However, in general, biomass from agriculture is concentrated in a narrow area within an island.

4. In Great Nicobar, where some potential exists for using the biomass generated from

coconut and arecanut plantations, the farmers and traders are more interested in

copra dryers than in producing power from waste.



A detailed assessment of the identified sources of biomass generation – agriculture,

plantation and timber cuttings and saw dust has been made. The surplus biomass

availability has been ascertained from the following observations:

Surplus Biomass Availability all Sources

About 1.1 to 1.4 kg can be converted into 1 unit of power generation. Therefore, the

available surplus biomass of 1,83,166 MTs can support a power generation unit of an

installed capacity of 17.5 MW. Based on the estimates Suryachakra Green Fuels Pvt.

Limited proposes to install 2.28 MW biomass based power plant in the islands by

supplementing the biomass with the following net fuel ratio:

Particulars % Net Fuel Ratio by

weight

Bio mass 98.7%

Diesel 1.3%

The woodchips may be imported from main land or from neighboring countries such as

Malaysia, Indonesia etc. Therefore, it may summarize that the availability of biomass is

not a constraint for the setting up of a 2.28 MW biomass power plant at Mithakhari

village, Ferrargunj Tehsil in South Andaman Islands. The cost of biomass collection,

dealer commissions and transportation to the site has been estimated to be Rs.5250

per MT. The estimation of fuel requirement based on 1.1 to 1.4 Kg of fuel per unit of

power generation has been arrived as Rs.9.81 per unit generation.

S.No Source Quantity [MTs]

1 Crop residue 57135

2 Paddy husk 5832

3 Coconut fronds 56610

4 Coconut husk 40000

5 Coconut shells 10680

6 Arecanut 2589

7 Timber lops /saw dust 10320

Total 1,83,166



SECTION 4

SALIENT FEATURES OF THE SITE



4. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE SITE

4.1. SITE LOCATION

The proposed biomass based plant at Mithakhari village, Ferrargunj Tehsil in South

Andaman Islands.

4.2. METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Height of the plant above MSL : meters

Maximum daily mean temperature : 32 ºC

Minimum daily mean temperature : 22 ºC

Maximum temperature recorded on a day : 33 ºC

Minimum temperature recorded on a day : 21 ºC

Max. Relative Humidity : 87 %

Min. Relative Humidity : 74 %

Range of average rainfall received per year : 3176 mm

Nearest substation : Garacharma

4.3. WIND AND SEISMIC DATA

Basic wind speed as per IS 875 Part III

Seismic zone as per IS 1893

4.4. WATER SOURCE

Water is taken from the bore well in the plant site. The biomass power project will

require about 6.74 m³/hr. of water for normal plant operation.



4.5. FUEL

The main fuel for this Biomass based project will be Coconut, arecanut, red oil palm,

cashenut, Hybrid Napier Grass,cereals like paddy, maize, pulse and wood chips.

Availability of biomass with in 50km radius from the site is 1,83,000 MTs per annum.

SGFPL can collect the required quantity of biomass from the command area.

4.6. POWER EVACUATION

The power generated from the Biomass power plant will be exported to Electricity

Department of A&N Government through the 33 kV grid.



SECTION 5

SELECTION OF MAIN PLANT AND MACHINERY



5. SELECTION OF COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY

A thermal steam power plant continuously converts energy stored in fuels (fossil /

biomass) into mechanical energy and ultimately into electrical power. Water is used as

the working medium to carry energy released by fuels and to convert the energy into

mechanical energy.

Upon transfer of energy released by fuels, water becomes high pressure and high

temperature steam, which is a very potential pack of thermal energy and is ready to do

any mechanical work. High potential steam exerts a mechanical force if passed against

an obstruction. Same principle is used in conversion of thermal energy into mechanical

energy in which the high pressure and high temperature steam is continuously passed

on to a series of obstructions in a guided manner and the forces exerted by steam on

each obstruction collectively forms the source of mechanical energy. After doing work

steam becomes expanded to a low pressure and low temperature steam and finally

condenses into water. Thus, energy acquired by the water is transferred into

mechanical energy. The mechanical energy generated by the working medium is

converted into electrical power according to Faraday’s laws of electromagnetism.

5.1. MACHINERY REQUIRED FOR DIRECT COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY

Combustion of fuels, release of energy and energy transfer to the working medium i.e.

water takes place in the Boiler. Hence, the boiler requires fuel as input material and

delivers high pressure and high temperature steam. Thermal energy in the form of

steam is converted in to mechanical energy in the Steam Turbine. Electrical power will

be generated in the Alternator / Generator utilising mechanical motion of the steam

turbine. Hence, the proposed power plant mainly consists of the following elements.

A BOILER UNIT, which converts the energy available in fuels into thermal energy,

A STEAM TURBINE UNIT, which converts potential thermal energy into mechanical

energy,

An ALTERNATOR UNIT which converts mechanical energy into electrical power. Apart

from the above main equipment, number of other equipments as listed below are also

form part of the power plant.

Fuel and ash handling systems

Air Cooled Condenser

Aux Cooling Water system including Cooling tower



DM Water system and Air Compressor Plant

Electrical systems and Instrumentation system

Miscellaneous supporting machinery as required

5.2. PROCESS FLOW OF THE POWER PLANT

Raw fuel from the collection points will be transported to the power plant, where fuel will

be weighed and stored in fuel storage yard near boiler house. Fuel will be screened/

chipped/shredded and then conveyed to fuel bunkers located near the Boiler unit from

where it will be fed to the boiler by Screw / Rotary feeders. Quantity of fuel fed to boiler

will be controlled by variable frequency drives depending on steam requirements for the

power plant.

Fuel fed into the boiler will be burnt directly in the combustion chamber / furnace of the

boiler through combustion air from the Forced draught fan to generate high pressure

and high temperature steam. Steam generated by boiler will be supplied to steam

turbine where all the thermal energy available in the high pressure steam will be

converted into mechanical energy. Steam gets expanded over a series of specially

profiled blades attached to a cylindrical rotor thus creating a rotary motion. Steam

turbine is coupled to a Generator for converting mechanical energy into the electrical

energy. Power generated at the terminals of the generator will be evacuated and

connected to the grid through a series electrical equipment like Transformer, Switch

yard, Control gear and protection systems etc.

The high pressure & high temperature steam after utilizing the thermal energy in the

steam turbine becomes low pressure and low temperature steam with a small amount

of remaining thermal energy. In between one uncontrolled extractions will be at 3.5 ata

for Deaerator respectively. The final low pressure steam will be condensed in the Air

cooled condensing system. Air is blown over the finned tubes carrying the steam which

is condensed by cooling. Condensing system includes an Air Cooled condenser,

condensate extraction pumps, steam ejectors etc. The condensate will be collected in

the condensate storage tank and from the storage tank condensate extraction pump

sucks the condensate to send to the Deaerator cum feed water storage tank.

Condensate will be re-circulated to the condensate storage tank.

Condensate will be deaerated in the Deaerator to remove all dissolved non-

condensable gases and oxygen, which affect boiler performance in long run.

Temperature of the condensate will also be raised in Deaerator for better boiler

efficiency using the steam taken from turbine and the same will be stored in Feed water



storage tank. Feed water from the storage tank will be pumped to steam drum through

economiser, by means of two numbers of boiler feed pumps of which, normally one will

be working and the other will be standby. The feed water gets heated in the boiler to

form high pressure and high temperature super heated steam. Thus the thermal cycle

gets completed.

Combustion gases after maximum heat transfer in the boiler will be led to the exhaust

stack through ESP, Induced draught fan. Ash particles remaining in the exhaust gases

will be removed to the maximum extent in the ESP.

Ash generated in the boiler after burning the fuel will be collected in ash hoppers

located at the bottom of the furnace, economizer, air preheater & ESP. This ash will be

removed through pneumatic ash handling system to the ash silo which is also located

near the boiler. Ash from ash silo through ash conditioner will be transported outside the

plant using trucks. Complete system which includes pneumatic vessels, rotary air lock

valves, air compressor, air receiver, ash silo, ash conditioner etc. constitutes ash

handling system.

Other systems required for power plant include Auxiliaries Cooling Water System, DM

Plant, Instrument air compressor system etc. Cooling water enters the various coolers

provided for the auxiliaries and takes away the heat available. Heat acquired by the

cooling water will be again removed in the aux. cooling tower. Two numbers of cooling

water pumps will be used for pumping cooling water to the various coolers provided.

DM Water system is used to feed make up water for boiler to compensate the losses

associated with boiler operation. Only treated DM water has to be supplied for better

performance of the boiler and to avoid rusting of boiler heat transfer tubes. Makeup

water will be regulated to the deaerator through deaerator level controller.

5.3. SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT

For a biomass power plant various factors influence the selection and sizing of the plant

equipment, auxiliary equipment. Hence, for economical power generation, the following

shall be considered for the biomass power plant.

- Type of biomass fuels and combustion mechanisms

- Type and size of power plant

- Thermal cycles and Steam parameters

- Cost economics of power generation

- Each of these is described below:



5.4. TYPE OF BIOMASS FUELS AND COMBUSTION MECHANISMS

As the proposed biomass power plants are located in the densely forested islands, the

biomass available is in the form of Coconut, arecanut, red oil palm, cashenut, cereals

like paddy, maize, pulse, wood chips or empty fruit bunches. SGFPL has considered

the following fuel ratio for their proposed power plants.

Biomass : 98.70%

Diesel : 1.30%

The company proposes to import wood chips from neighboring countries Malaysia or

Indonesia or from main land.

The availability of biomass for the proposed plants is summarized as below based on a

biomass assessment study conducted.


The composition of the fuel (Napier grass) as per the mentioned ratio is estimated to

have the ultimate analysis details as given below:

ULTIMATE %Wt Biomass

Carbon 43.51

Hydrogen 6.76

Nitrogen 0.68

Sulphur 0.13

Ash Content 9.04

Oxygen as O (balance) 39.88

TOTAL 100.00

S. No Source Quantity [MTs]

1 Crop residue 57,135

2 Paddy husk 5,832

3 Coconut fronds 56,610

4 Coconut husk 40,000

5 Coconut shells 10,680

6 Arecanut 2,589

7 Timber lops /saw dust 10,320

Total 1,83,166



Type of fuel and its characteristics influence the selection of boiler and fuel handling

equipment. While selecting boiler, fuel characteristics are to be studied for their efficient

combustion. Another factor, which is to be considered is multi-fuel firing capability since

different fuels as indicated above will be used based on their availability. Various types

of combustion mechanisms are available for burning of various fuels.

- Packed fuel bed combustion using stokers (Travelling / Dumping grate)

- Cyclone combustion

- Fluidized bed combustion

- Pulverized fuel combustion

The travelling grate type of boiler will perform effectively for burning of variety of

biomass fuels & hence it is preferred. Hence travelling grate boiler is selected for this

project.

5.5. TYPE AND SIZE OF POWER PLANT

Type and size of the proposed power plant also influence the size of various plant and

equipment. The proposed biomass power plant is new and only an Independent power

plant generating electric power and exporting the same to the grid.

Hence, the proposed biomass power plant is not required any additional systems like

process steam systems other than its auxiliary consumption for deaerator.

5.6. THERMAL CYCLES AND STEAM PARAMETERS

Thermal cycle indicates the thermal processes that take place in a cyclic manner right

from the combustion of fuel till generation of mechanical output. Generation of electrical

power by using mechanical output from the cycle however will not be included in the

cycle. Any thermal cycle is designed for getting work output from heat input and vice

versa for which the basic requirement is a working fluid.

Number of thermal cycles are proposed for power generation out of which only one

cycle i.e. RANKINE CYCLE is being used for almost all thermal power plants. Same

cycle can be used for conventional power plants as well as biomass power plants. The

variables to work with in the Rankine cycle are temperature, pressure, dryness fraction,

heat quantity, quantity of work, rate of heat quantity transferred as related to the

temperature at which the heat transfer takes place.



After selecting the cycle, next important task is the selection of proper steam

parameters. The following aspects shall be considered while selecting the steam

parameters.

Efficiency of the thermal cycle

Capacity of the Power Plant

Specific steam consumption of the steam turbine

Fuel requirement to generate the steam

It can be seen from the thermal cycle diagrams that higher steam parameters yields

better efficiency and reduce the steam consumption of the turbine. Hence, requires less

fuel to generate the required quantity of steam.

On the other hand, various power plant equipment like Steam turbine, boiler heat

transfer elements, High Pressure heater, boiler feed pumps, process piping, valves etc.

are to be selected to suit steam conditions. If high steam parameters are selected,

equipment shall be designed to withstand and operate under high steam pressure and

temperature conditions which require special types of materials for construction, special

manufacturing processes etc. which further increase the cost of the equipment. Hence,

the equipment cost is directly proportional to steam parameters.

The combinations of parameters that are being adopted in various power generating

equipment are given below.

44 kg/cm2 440 / 490C For power plants of capacity less than 3 MW

66 kg/cm2 490C For power plants of capacity more than 3 MW

87 kg/cm2 520C For power plants of capacity higher than 6 MW

After considering various aspects including cost economics of the power plant, it is

decided to have 44 kg/cm2(a) / 450°C for 2.28 MW Biomass power plant due to the

higher cycle efficiency and less fuel consumption. In view on the fuel that is being fired

(Coconut, arecanut, red oil palm, Napier grass, cashenut, cereals like paddy, maize,

pulse and wood chips) it is decided to have 42 kg/cm2(a) / 445°C.



5.7. HEAT AND MASS BALANCE

As per preliminary thermal calculations for the proposed biomass power project, the

heat and mass balance is estimated as given below.

To generate 2280 KW of electrical power at the generator terminals,

approximately 11.50 TPH of steam of 42 ata / 445C is required at the Turbine

inlet. While calculating the main steam requirement, bleed steam from the turbine

is considered to meet the auxiliary steam requirements of ejectors and feed

heating in deaerator.

The exhaust steam will be condensed in ACC and pumped to the deaerator.

In deaerator, the condensate will be heated to by the auxiliary steam taken from

the turbine bleed.

The condensate after raising the temperature will be fed to the boiler economiser

by boiler feed pumps.

The approximate quantity of fuel required to generate high pressure and high

temperature steam at boiler outlet at 44 ata / 450C will be around 2.96 TPH. The

superheated steam from the boiler will be fed to the turbine. Depending on length

of piping system between the turbine and boiler, the steam parameters at the

turbine inlet are slightly less than the boiler steam parameters which are

considered as 42 ata / 445 C.

5.8. SIZING OF PLANT & MACHINERY

As already stated above, the power plant mainly consists of one number Steam turbine

generator set of 2280 KW generating capacity. Steam requirements for the Turbine

generator set will be met through one number Travelling grate boiler. The plant apart

from STG and Boiler units, consists of various auxiliary plants and systems like DM

Water system, Cooling water system, Compressed air system, Firefighting equipment,

Fuel and Ash handling systems, switch gear and switch yard etc.

Based on power generation capacity of 2280 KW various equipment are sized in

accordance with the standard engineering practices

The Steam Turbine considered for the power plant is of Condensing turbine with one

bleeds for feed water heating in Deaerator. The steam required for the turbine to

generate 2280 KW is around 11.50 TPH with inlet steam parameters of

42 kg/cm2, 445 C.



The power rating of the generator is 2280 KW at the generator terminals with 10%

overload capacity. The speed of the generator is 1500 rpm and the generator is

designed according to IEC 45 to generate electrical power at 11KV, 50 Hz, 0.8 Power

factor.

Based on steam requirement for Turbine, one number 12.50 TPH boiler is selected.

The generating voltage at generator terminals is considered as 11KV. This will be

stepped up to 33 kV of A&N grid level. Accordingly all other electrical equipment like

grid transformer, switchyard etc. are sized.

It is proposed that the plant will be started using auxiliary power supply from the Diesel

Generator Sets purchased by the promoter for supply of startup power and

synchronized to the state grid. One number Diesel generator set is considered as back

up facility to supply power in case of total blackout. Subsequently, all auxiliaries will be

switched over to the internal power supply from the DG power supply. For this purpose,

one number auxiliary transformer is envisaged to step down the generated voltage level

at 11 KV to auxiliary consumption level of 415 V. It is estimated that about 280 KW at

415 V will be consumed by plant auxiliaries. The remaining 2000 KW net power is

available for export to the grid at 33 kV level.



SECTION – 6

PLANT LAYOUT



6. PLANT LAYOUT

6.1. LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS

6.1.1. Layout Design Issues

Major layout design issues, which have been considered while developing the proposed

plant layout, are as follows:

Available land for the Power Plant at site location

Topography of the land and contour limitations

Area requirements for various plant buildings, storage areas, admin building,

miscellaneous areas, etc.

Direction / velocities of wind.

Likely ingress of dust on to cooling tower, transformers etc. and precautions to be

taken to mitigate

Optimum men and material movement

Minimum length of high pressure piping

Disposal of ash

6.1.2. Area available & Layout

The area available for locating Power plant equipment and biomass storage is about

9.8 acres. Water reservoir is located in the plant. Sufficient free space is provided for

truck movement for the fuel & ash handling. The area for green belt development has

been considered.

Based on the above considerations and the area requirement, the preliminary plant

layout is prepared and presented in the report. The final layout will be frozen based on

the detailed discussions with the chosen vendors / contractors. The required land is

under acquisition from A&N Administration.



6.2. ASH, EFFLUENT & SEWAGE DISPOSAL

6.2.1. Ash

At 100% capacity utilization of the proposed bio mass power plant, annual ash

generation is 1125 TPA. This ash will be collected in silos and given to the nearby users

for manufacturing bricks.

6.2.2. Effluent

Waste water from a bio mass power plant does not have any significant BOD / COD

level. The levels of liquid effluent and their treatment have been detailed in the

subsequent chapters.

6.2.3. Sewage

All sewage will be collected in a common septic tank and discharged as per accepted

norms.

6.3. PLANT LAYOUT

6.3.1. General

The project are located at Mithakhari Village, Ferrargunj Tehsil in South Andaman

Islands. These are nearer to Port Blair, where the majority of the population of the A&N

Islands is concentrated. There are various Government Departments, hospitals, schools

and banks, which are established in and around Port Blair.

6.3.2. Layout of Major Outdoor Equipment

The boiler will be designed for outdoor operation. The boiler will include an electro-

static-precipitator and a steel chimney. The self-supporting chimney will satisfy the

environmental norms and height of chimney is 35 meters.

The Fuel will be fed to the boiler via the conveyor system.

Ash handling will be Pneumatic handling system. Ash from furnace bottom,

Air Preheater, Economiser and ESP will be separately conveyed to the silos by pipes.

All water and storage tanks will be located outdoors. The tanks will be field erected and

constructed of carbon steel typically with an exception of DM tank, which will be epoxy

coated carbon steel. The tanks will be located to allow for optimal arrangements of

piping and will be accessible by road.



The air cooled condenser & its auxiliaries will be located outdoors.

The aux cooling tower and the cooling water pumps will be located outdoors.

6.3.3. Biomass Power Plant Layout

The powerhouse will be approximately 26 m X 15 m in size, it will house the steam turbine

generator and its auxiliaries, the control room, the boiler feed pumps, the electrical

equipment room (distribution transformers, switchgear, motor control centres), battery

room, etc.

The boiler and its auxiliaries will be located in an area of about 27 m X 8 m (Including

bunker, fan, etc) Biomass will be fed through a fuel handling system from the open

storage yard.

The Air Cooled Condenser will be located in line with the turbine and will be located

outdoors.

It will require a space of about 19 m X 9 m. All the required auxiliaries will be located

adjacent to the ACC.

The makeup water for the boiler is supplied from a DM plant and DM storage tank. The

dry ash from boiler bed, Economizer & ESP will be conveyed pneumatically to the ash

silo. Ash will be collected in silos and dispatched through trucks or trolleys.

Proper air conditioning will be provided for the control room. For all other areas

adequate ventilation system will be provided. Special precautions will be taken for air

intake and exhaust for the emergency diesel area and for the battery room.

A suitable capacity overhead crane with a suitable capacity auxiliary hook will be

provided over the turbine generator bay. Its capacity will be adequate to provide lifting

capability to meet the needs of all steam turbine generator components. Roll up doors

will be located in the steam turbine area and the condenser area, to provide access for

maintenance. Single and double doors will also be provided throughout the building for

personnel access and maintenance of smaller equipment.



6.4. APPROACH & INTERNAL ROADS

The site is located near to State highway. However approach road & bridges are to be

built. Required internal roads for movement of men and material will have to be

constructed within the plant area. The cost for this has been provided in the financials.

An administrative office, staff quarters, Switch Yard, security office, weigh bridge & toilet

blocks are located suitably. The operating engineers will be stationed at 5 m level in the

powerhouse.

Tentative locations of the Power plant equipment are shown in Preliminary Plant

Layout.

The steam turbine generator will be supported on a reinforced concrete pedestal. The

building superstructure will be RCC construction. Pitched roof will be provided to facilitate

drainage.

Control room will be in brick wall construction and the walls will be plastered. The

building structure will also be used to support piping, cable trays, conduits, etc. Suitable

coating materials will be used for interior and exterior surfaces. A special coating will be

provided in the acid / caustic soda storage area and battery room. The site area does

not have a high percentage of humidity and as such a suitable exterior coating may last

for ten years after which the building will be repaired.



SECTION - 7

DESCRIPTION OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS



7. DESCRIPTION OF THE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

7.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The proposed power plant will consist of 1 no. high pressure travelling grate type Boiler

of 12.50 TPH capacity with steam parameters at 44 ata, 450 Deg. C and 1 no. bleed

cum condensing steam turbine with a nominal capacity 2.28 MW. The steam pressure

at the inlet of the turbine will be 42 ata and temperature 445 Deg. C.

Apart from the boiler and turbo generator, the Biomass based power plant will consist

of fuel handling system, boiler feed water system, Air cooled condenser system,

electrical system, power evacuation system, control system, utilities like compressed air

system, ash handling system, fire protection system etc.,

7.2. BOILER SYSTEM

7.2.1. Boiler

The boiler will be designed for firing Coconut, arecanut, Hybrid Napier Grass, red oil

palm, cashenut, cereals like paddy, maize, pulse , wood chips, etc., The superheated

outlet steam will have a pressure of 44 ata and temperature of 450 Deg. C. The boiler

will be designed for outdoor installation. The boiler will have sub systems like pressure

parts, feeding system, firing system, draft system, feed water system, ESP and

chimney.

7.2.2. Furnace – Water wall System

The furnace which is fully water cooled is formed by carbon steel seamless tubes of

membrane wall construction connecting the respective top and bottom headers. The

bottom headers for all the walls are fed with water from mud drum through down

comers and bed evaporator headers. The heated water rises along furnace tubes to the

top headers which in turn are connected to the steam drum by riser pipes.

Necessary provisions will be made in the furnace for admitting the required quantity of

over fire air at various levels. Adequate number of inlet and outlet headers, with the

necessary stubs, commensurate with the arrangement of the furnace will be provided.

The down comers, supply pipes and relief tube sizing will be based on the circulation

calculations.



7.2.3. Travelling grate assembly

The firing of biomass fuel will take place on the travelling grate unit. An electric drive

with VFD control or an hydraulic drive will be driving the grate. The speed of the

travelling grate is decided so that sufficient time is available for the fuel to burn on the

grate. The main combustion air is supplied by FD fan. The hot air is admitted in the

plenum below the grate. The ash remaining on the grate is dumped on one side of the

furnace which is connected to the ash hopper. The temperature in the grate zone will be

around 800 – 8500 C.

7.2.4. Boiler Drums

The boiler will be provided with one steam and one water drum and drums will be of

fusion welded type. Both the drums will be provided with Torispherical / Semi-

Ellipsoidal dished ends fitted with 320 x 420 MM elliptical man ways at either end. The

man way doors will be arranged to open inwards. The drum shell, dished ends and the

man way doors will conform to SA 515 Gr. 70 or equivalent material specification. The

steam drum will be liberally sized to assure low steam space loading, with adequate

space to accommodate the internals. The drum design pressure will have a minimum

margin of 6% over drum operating pressure.

The steam drum will be provided with internals of proven design, shall be bolted type,

and of size that will enable removal through the man ways. The system of internals

consisting of the primary and secondary separators will ensure steam of highest purity

with dissolved silica carry over limited to a maximum of 0.02 ppm, at all loads of the

boiler. All the components of the internals, except the dryer screens, shall be carbon

steel and the dryer shall be of SS 304.

7.2.5. Bank Tubes

The bank design will be of inline arrangement and the tube spacing will enable easy

removal of the tubes in case of any failure. The bank tubes will be expanded into both

the top and the bottom drums, and the tubes after expansion will be bell mouthed.

There will be adequate approach space to the tubes of the bank for maintenance.



7.3. SUPERHEATER SYSTEM

The superheater (SH) system will be of Two(2) stage design with interstage

desuperheating to achieve the rated steam temperature over 60 to 100% load range.

The superheater will be of convection or a combination of convection and radiation type

arranged to give the minimum metal temperature. The superheater pressure drop, the

inlet and outlet header sizing, arrangement and sizing of their respective inlet and take

off connections will be so as to give minimum unbalance and the tube element material

selection will be based on the actual metal temperature calculations.

7.4. ATTEMPERATOR SYSTEM

The attemperator system to control the temperature of the final superheater outlet

steam temperature within the specified value will be provided in between the two stages

of the superheaters. The interstage attemperator will be drum coil type with single 3

way control valve.

The desuperheating system will be complete with all required control valve, bypass,

piping and supports, etc.

7.4.1. Economiser

The Economiser will be located immediately downstream of the boiler bank. The design

will be of bare tube construction with inline, counter flow, and drainable arrangement.

The Economiser will be designed for an inlet feed water temperature of 105°C. The coil

arrangement will take care of proper calculated end gaps to avert gas bypassing and

the consequent erosion of the element tubes. Tubes will be of seamless type.

7.4.2. Air Heater

The Air heater will be arranged as the last heat recovery section downstream of the

economizer. The Air heater will be recuperative type with flue gas flowing inside the

tubes and the combustion air flowing over the tubes. The air heater will be arranged

with the tubes in the vertical direction. The tubes except those required for staying

purposes will be expanded into the tube sheets on both ends.

The air heater arrangement will be provided with adequate access for replacing the

tubes. Considering the high moisture in the flue gases, suitable precautions should be

taken to prevent the tube corrosion at the air inlet side of the air heater. The Low



Temperature bank of the Air preheater will be designed to prevent corrosion and the

cold end material of the air heater tubes will be Carbon Steel.

7.5. SOOT BLOWING SYSTEM

The boiler will be provided with a complete system of soot blowers to effectively

dislodge deposits from the heat transfer areas. The soot blowers will be motor operated

with steam, taken from the outlet of Super heater First stage, as the cleaning medium.

7.6. FUEL FEEDING SYSTEM

The Boiler will be designed for firing Coconut, arecanut, red oil palm, cashenut, cereals

like paddy, maize, pulse, wood chips and a combination of the available biomass fuels

independently or in combination. The bunker will have suitable lining, inerting system,

isolation gates, manholes, vibrators etc. Fuel is extracted from the bunker by drag

chain feeders and fed into the bed by mixing nozzles, cross and fuel nozzles. The fuel

is transported by the required number of feeders which transfer the fuel on to the

travelling grate through suitable chutes.

Drag chain feeders will be provided with variable frequency drives. Isolation gates will

be provided at Bunker outlets. Surge hoppers will be provided in between the Bunker

chute outlet and drag chain feeders’ inlet.

Fuel feeding system will be designed in such a way that there are no bends on the feed

chutes. This avoids choking of fuel in the fuel line and improves the flow ability.

High pressure air from SA fan (if required) is admitted above the grate area for aiding

combustion.

7.7. DRAFT SYSTEM

The draft system for the boiler will be suitable for producing a balanced draft with sub-

atmospheric pressure conditions in the furnace.

The boiler will have 1 x 100% capacity Induced Draft Fan, 1 x 100% capacity Forced

Draft Fan and One (1) x 100% capacity Secondary Air Fan (if required) making up the

complete draft system for the boiler. The FD fan flow will be varied according to the fuel

flow by a combustion control system. The ID fan will handle the flow of flue gas

corresponding to 12.50 TPH of steam generation.



7.8. DUCTING SYSTEM

All ducts will be rectangular in cross section and will be of welded construction, properly

stiffened. All the air ducts will be fabricated from steel plates of minimum 5 mm thick,

and all flue ducts will be of minimum 6 mm thick. The duct plate material will conform to

IS 2062 Gr A. Carbon steel plates will not be used for ducting system if the operating

temperature of flue gas exceeds 425°C. The duct corners will be stitch welded

internally and full welded on the outside.

All ducts will be suitably stiffened and reinforced on the outside and designed to

withstand the pressures encountered.

Ducts will be sized considering a maximum velocity of 15 m/sec for hot air and flue

gases and 12 m/sec for cold air. The duct design consideration will include the

operating internal pressure, medium temperature, dead loads, ash loads, live loads,

seismic loads, expansion joint reaction etc.

Dampers, in the ducting system, will be provided as required, for the proper operation of

the boiler. All dampers will be of the `louver’ or butterfly type with the necessary

frames, shafts, blades, bearings, linkages, seals etc.

All fans will be provided with isolation dampers at the discharge ends for online

maintenance.

7.9. CHEMICAL DOSING SYSTEM

The boiler will be provided with a tri-sodium phosphate based High pressure (HP)

dosing system and a hydrazine and ammonia based Low Pressure (LP) dosing system.

The HP dosing system will continuously add the chemical to the boiler water and to

maintain the phosphate reserve and to remove silica from drum water.

The LP dosing is done to the feed water preferably in the deaerator storage tank to

scavenge the traces of oxygen and to increase the feed water pH.

7.10. ESP

The boiler will be equipped with ESP, which will remove the dust and ash particles from

the flue gas, before the ID fan could handle it. The efficiency of the precipitator will be

90% and the dust concentration at the outlet of the ESP will be not more than

50 mg/Nm³ with all fields working.



7.11. CHIMNEY

The size and height of the chimney will be designed with sufficient capacity to cater to

the gas flow requirement and the local pollution control norms. The height of the

chimney will be about 35 Mts.

7.12. ASH HANDLING SYSTEM

The ash handling system is a dense phase pneumatic handling system. The ash

handling system is used to handle fly ash. Out of the total ash generated, the bottom

ash will account to about 30% while the fly ash will constitute about 70%.

7.13. BOTTOM ASH HANDLING SYSTEM

Bottom ash is the ash that is generated due to combustion of biomass on the travelling

grate and will be falling into the sump for submerged belt conveyor. The bottom ash

produced is handled by a submerged belt conveyor & dumped into a storage silo from

which vehicle will empty the collected ash periodically for disposal.

7.14. FLY ASH HANDLING SYSTEM

Fly ash is the ash carried over by the flue gases. The separation of fly ash is mainly

done in ESP, about 70% and about 20% is removed in the economizer hopper and air

heater hopper.

The suitable capacity of ash silo will be sized to hold the ash generated before it is

disposed.

7.15. TURBO-GENERATOR SYSTEM

7.15.1. Steam Turbine

The proposed Biomass power plant will have 2.28 MW turbo generator. The turbine will

be an bleed cum condensing type and running at high speed. The generator speed will

be 1500 rpm. Hence, the turbine will be coupled with the generator through a gear box,

if required.

Steam is admitted into the turbine through an emergency stop valve actuated by

hydraulic cylinders. The turbine speed is controlled by an electronic governing system.

The extraction pressures are arrived at based on the process requirements.

Accordingly, one bleed will be provided, one at 3.5 ata. The turbine exhaust pressure

will be 0.13 ata.



The turbine will be preferably single cylinder, single exhaust, extraction, condensing

type. All casing will be horizontally split and the design will be such as to permit

examination of the blading without disturbing shaft alignment or causing damage to the

blades.

The design of the casing and the supports will be such as to permit free thermal

expansion in all directions.

The blading will be designed to withstand all vibrations, thermal shocks, and other

loading that may be experienced during service and system disturbances. The blades

will be machined from forged bars or die forged and the materials used will be

chromium steels consistent with proven experience and standards.

The glands will preferably of labyrinth type and sealed with same. A vacuum system

required by the design will be provided. All piping and components of shaft seal and

vacuum system will be sized for 300 percent of the calculated leakage. Steam leaving

the glands will be condensed in seal steam condenser. It will be possible to inspect and

replace the end seals without opening the casing and without damaging the thermal

insulation.

7.15.2. Bearings

The Turbine will be provided with liberally rated hydrodynamic radial and thrust

bearings. The radial bearings will be split for ease of assembly, and of the sleeve or

pad type, with steel shell backed, babbitted replaceable pads.

These bearings will be equipped with anti-rotation pins and will be positively secured in

the axial direction. The thrust bearings will be of the steel backed babbitted multiple

segment type, designed for equal thrust capacity in both directions.

A liberal flow of lube oil under pressure will be supplied to all the bearings for lubrication

and cooling.

7.15.3. Lubrication and control oil system

A pressure lubrication and control oil system will be furnished for the turbo generator

unit to supply oil at the required pressure to the steam turbine, gearbox, generator and

governing system. Oil in the reservoir will be maintained at an appropriate temperature

when the TG set is idle by providing suitable electric heaters and temperature controls.



The oil system will include the following:

The oil system will include the Main oil pump, Auxiliary oil pump, Emergency oil

pump, Control oil pump, Oil storage and settling tank, Centrifugal type oil purifier,

Oil cooler and Oil filter.

7.15.4. Oil coolers

The oil coolers will be water-cooled with a duplicate arrangement and changeover

valves. The coolers will be of shell and tube type.

The coolers will be constructed in accordance with TEMA class C. The provided surface

area will be adequate to cool the oil with Inlet cooling water temperature at 32 °C even

with 20% of the tubes plugged.

7.15.5. Filters

Full flow oil filters will be used downstream of the coolers and will be piped in a parallel

arrangement with a continuous flow transfer valve. Filtration will be 10 microns nominal.

Filter cartridges will be designed for minimum pressure drop and suitable for maximum

discharge pressure of the oil pumps.

7.15.6. Oil reservoir

The interior of oil reservoirs will be de scaled and made rust proof with a permanent

coating. Reservoirs with top mounted equipment will have sufficient rigidity. All openings

for piping will be made dust and waterproof.

7.15.7. Oil purifier

A centrifugal type oil purifier will be provided for the removal of water, sediments and

other oxidation products. The purifier will be a separate package.

7.16. STEAM TURBINE GOVERNING SYSTEM

The turbine governing system will be electro-hydraulic or electronic type designed for

high accuracy, speedy and sensitive response. The electrical/electronic and hydraulic

component of the control system will be selected on the basis of reliability over a wide

range of operating conditions.



All components used will be well proven to assure overall system reliability and will be

designed for easy and quick replacement when necessary. The governor will ensure

controlled acceleration of the turbo generator and will prevent over speed without

tripping the unit under any operating conditions including the event of maximum load

rejection.

The governor will also ensure that the unit does not trip in the event of sudden

frequency fluctuation in the grid and also sudden grid failure / load through off.

The governor will have linear droop characteristics with a suitable range for stable

operation and will have provision for adjusting the droop in fine steps.

The governing system will have the following important functions:

Speed control

Over speed control

Load control

Steam pressure control

7.16.1. Condensing Equipment – Air Cooled Condenser

The condensing plant will consist of one air cooled condenser. The condenser will be

designed for the maximum anticipated steam flow conditions under maximum output of

turbine. Exhaust steam from the turbine is conveyed into the fin tube heat exchangers

via the exhaust steam duct and the upper steam distribution ducts connected to it. The

cooling air supplied by the fan flows over the fin, tube bundles and removes the heat

from condensation.

The ambient temperature considered for the ACC design will be 33 Deg. C based on

the meteorological data provided by the promoter of the project.

2 x 100% capacity steam jet ejectors units’ along with all accessories for efficient and

trouble-free operation of the unit, 2 x 100% horizontal condensate extraction pumps

with, suction and discharge pipe, valves, temporary strainers, expansion joint and drive

motor will form a part of the ACC package.

Maximum heat load delivering rated 2.28 MW power.

Cleanliness factor of 85%.

ACC capacity shall be designed for an exhaust flow of 10.16TPH.



7.16.2. Steam Ducting

A carbon steel steam duct form the turbine exhaust to the ACC inlet header shall be

furnished including expansion joints as required.

7.16.3. Steam Ejector System

Steam ejector shall be able to remove the specified quantity of dry air from the

condenser shell during operation. The capacity shall be as per recommendation of the

Heat Exchange Institute Standards.

Each of the condensate extraction pumps shall have 100% capacity and shall be

capable of handling the full condensate during the various conditions of operation.

Selection of pump capacity shall consider maximum steam flow condensed under worst

back pressure plus 10% leakage through recirculation valve and various condenser

drains coming to condenser.

7.16.4. Hot well Tank

The condenser shall be provided with a hot well made of fabricated steel having a total

storage capacity of at least 5 minutes with the water level at normal operating position.

Nozzles shall be provided in each half of the hot well for connecting the condensate to

the pump suction pipes. Suitable strainers shall be provided at the inlet of each

condensate pump. The hot well shall be provided with suitable access doors.

Hot well level shall be controlled by a control valve situated in the discharge line of the

condensate pump connected to deaerator and in unison with a recirculation control

valve. The hot well level control valve at condensate discharge shall be capable of

controlling the flow from full extraction to zero extraction of condensate flow. Water

System.

7.16.5. Water Requirement

Water is used as a cooling medium in the heat exchanger equipment in this power plant

such as lube oil coolers, generator air coolers etc. of turbo-generator. In addition, it is

used as make-up water for boiler after de-mineralization, dust suppression system in

fuel storage area, dust conditioning in dry ash handling system and fire -fighting system.

A small quantity of water will be required for drinking and sanitation for plant personnel.



The break-up of make-up water for various consumers are given in Table 7-1.

TABLE 7-1 – MAKE-UP WATER REQUIREMENT

Sl. No. System Maximum make-

up water (m3 / hr)

1 Auxiliary Cooling System, Evaporation loss and Blow down 3.04

2 De-mineralised make-up water for boiler make-up 1.30

3 Drinking, sanitation & miscellaneous use 2.4

TOTAL 6.74

The total treated effluent from the plant is expected to be about 1 m3 / hr. and the same

will be used in ash handling system and green belt development.

7.16.6. Water Source

Total plant make-up water requirement is around 6.74 m3 / hr. and the same has to be

drawn from network of bore wells in the plant.

7.16.6.1. Water Supply System

The following facilities will be envisaged to meet the power plants water requirements:

a. Make-up water, pumping and piping system of capacity 6.74 m3 / hr. to meet the

make-up water requirements of the plant

b. Softener plant of capacity 3 m3 / hr. to cater the make-up water for auxiliary cooling

c. Auxiliary cooling water system of capacity 150 m3 / hr. for the turbo-generator, boiler,

and other auxiliary cooling loads.

d. Fire hydrant system complete with piping and hydrant accessories.

e. De-mineralised water system of 1.5 cu m/hr. to meet the make-up water requirement

of boilers.

f. Drinking water system.



7.16.6.2. Water System

The water will be drawn from bore well in plant. The water will be stored in reservoir

having capacity of 600 m3. It will cater for plant requirement as well as fire protection

system.

The auxiliary cooling water system will consist of the following major items of

equipment:

i. Two (2) electrically driven horizontal centrifugal pumps of 150 m3 / hr. capacity

(one working and one standby) with associated drive motor.

ii. A compact FRP cooling tower to cool 150 m3 / hr. over a temperature range of

8°C - 10°C

Cold water from the cooling tower basin will be pumped by the auxiliary cooling water

pumps to the auxiliary consumers in the power plants. The hot water return from the

consumers will return to the cooling towers for cooling and recirculation. About

3.03 m3 / hr. of make-up water will be added in the cooling tower basin to compensate

the evaporation, drift and blow-down losses.

It is envisaged to provide for a side stream filter for recirculation of water in the Cooling

Tower Basin along with necessary chemical treatment.

In order to meet the requirements of treated water for the cooling tower a softener is

provided which will produce soft water .

7.17. WATER TREATMENT PLANT

To cater the make-up water requirements of the boiler, it is proposed to install a

DM plant having capacity 1.5 m³/hr. The DM plant shall have a regeneration time of

4 hours/day.

7.18. SERVICE WATER

The service water required for general wash, gardening, toilets etc., required for the

power plant will be taken from the outlet of the activated carbon filter in the DM plant.



7.18.1. Drinking Water System

To meet the drinking water and sanitation requirement of plant personnel, the water

after activated carbon filter will be and chlorinated. The water will be stored in an

elevated HDPE tank of 2 cu m storage capacity, where from water will be supplied to all

consuming points.

7.19. FIRE WATER & FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

The following systems of fire protection are proposed to be provided for the power plant:

Hydrant system for the entire plant.

High velocity water spray (HVWS) system for transformers and lube oil tanks.

Carbon dioxide flooding system for the generator of the steam turbine.

Portable fire extinguishers.

The fire protection will basically comply with the Loss Prevention Association (LPA)

requirements.

7.19.1. Reserve Storage

A reserve storage of 262 cu m will be provided in the raw water storage tank to cater to

the water requirements of the fire protection system.

The suction nozzles of the fire water pumps in the common sump of the raw water

storage tank will be at a lower elevation compared to the suction nozzles of the plant

raw water pumps in order to ensure drawl of water from the reserve storage of

262 cu.mt. In view of the above, pump house elevation will also be suitably lowered at

the location of the fire water pumps as compared to the floor elevation at the location of

the raw water pumps.

7.19.2. Hydrant System

The hydrant system will comprise the following:

1. One motor driven and one diesel engine driven fire water pump. These pumps

will take the suction from the water storage tank. As per TAC regulations, the

above hydrant pump capacity will be adequate to cater to the total number of

Hydrant provided in the plant.



2. One motor driven jockey pump of 10 m³/hr. capacity will be provided to keep both

the hydrant and HVWS system mains pressurised. These pumps will also take

suction from the raw water tank.

3. External fire hydrants in all areas of the power plant including boiler, TG, DM

Plant, control room, switch yard, canteen, stores, workshop and administration

buildings.

4. Internal fire hydrants in all storied buildings and structures such as Boiler

platforms, TG building, fuel handling building, canteen and administration

building.

7.19.3. High Velocity Water Spray System

The HVWS system is proposed to be provided for the Generator transformer and the

steam turbine lube oil tank. Water supply to the HVWS system will be provided by one

motor driven pump. Since the parameters for the HVWS system will be identical to that

of the hydrant system, the diesel engine driven pump described in the hydrant system,

can serve as a common standby for both HVWS system and hydrant system.

The HVWS system will consist of a number of high velocity water projectors mounted

on a pipe network around each transformer and steam turbine lube oil tank. Water

supply to each pipe network from the HVWS system mains will be through a deluge

valve. The HVWS system for the transformers will be of automatic type. In case of fire,

quartzoid bulb sensors mounted around the transformers will automatically actuate the

deluge valve on the spray water line. The HVWS system for the turbine lube oil tank will

be manually actuated.

7.19.4. Portable fire extinguishers

It is proposed to provide an adequate number of wall/column mounted type portable fire

extinguishers in various areas of the plant including the control room, administration

building, canteen, stores, workshop, pump house, etc. These portable fire extinguishers

would basically be of carbon dioxide and dry power type.

7.19.5. Waste Water System

The neutralized effluents from DM plant, blow down from cooling tower, boiler will be

admitted into the waste water tank and the final effluent will be pumped to the nearby

drain canal. The TDS of the final effluent is expected to be lower than the specified

norms.



7.20. CRANES AND HOISTS

An electrically operated overhead travelling (EOT) crane with a span of 9.5 meters, with

the main hook lifting suitable capacity and an auxiliary hook lifting suitable capacity shall

be provided to facilitate erection and maintenance of the turbo generators and their

auxiliaries. The crane travel will cover the entire length of the turbo generator building.

7.21. COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM

Instrument air is required for various pneumatically operated control valves in the boiler

and TG systems. The air is required to be supplied at a pressure of 5 to 7 Kg/sq.cm (g)

at the various consumption points. Instrument air from the air compressors will be dried

by heatless air drier making use of the dried air for regeneration of the drier medium

(desiccant).

Service air is required for cleaning of various areas of the plant. Accordingly, the service

air connections are proposed to be provided in the Boiler area, TG building, workshop,

DM Plant etc.

Considering the quantity of air required for the power plant, two (2) air compressors will

be required. These compressors will supply the instrument air and the required service

air.

7.22. AIR-CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION SYSTEM

In the power plant the control room will be air conditioned. The main control room

housing the control panels of boiler and TG, switch yard control panels and auxiliary

panel room housing the associated system cabinets will be located on the 6.00m floor

in the TG Building.

The above area will be air conditioned using window type/spilt type air conditioners.

The capacity of the air conditioning units will be decided based on the area of the room

and heat load dissipated in the room.

The following mechanical ventilation systems are proposed to be provided for various

buildings/rooms in the power plant.

Required no of roof exhausters of adequate capacity for evacuating the hot air

from the TG building.



Suitable number of propeller type exhaust fans in the electrical switch gear room,

water pump house, DM Plant, filtration plant, workshop and stores.

Propeller type exhaust fans in all toilets in the power plant.

7.23. TECHNICAL DATA FOR MAJOR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

7.23.1. Boiler

Number of boilers : One

MCR capacity tph : 12.50

Steam pressure at SH outlet ata : 44

Steam temp. at SH outlet Deg. C : 450

Feed water inlet temp. Deg. C : 105

Boiler efficiency % : 70

Gas temperature at the outlet of AH Deg. C : 150 (Max.)

7.23.2. Turbogenerator

7.23.2.1. Steam turbine

Power rated kW : 2280

Inlet steam pressure ata : 42

Inlet steam temperature Deg. C : 445

7.23.2.2. Steam flow

Bleed:

Pressure ata : 3.50

Temperature Deg. C : 191

Flow tph : 1.04

Air Cooled Condenser

Steam flow : 10.16 t/hr

Number of Streams : One

Number on Modules : Two

Wind Wall : Provided



Condensate Extraction Pump & Steam Ejectors.

Type : Centrifugal

Capacity m³/hr : 10

Suction pressure ata : 0.13

Discharge pressure Kg/sq.cm g : 5.0

Number of pumps : 2 (2 x 100%)

Steam Ejectors : 2 (2 X 100%)

Starting Ejector : 1

Hot Well Tank : 1X100%

Hot well Pumps : 2 X 100%

Condensate Tank : 1 No

Aux Cooling water system

Type of cooling tower : Induced draft

Number of cooling towers : One (1)

Capacity m³/hr : 150

Cooling water supply temperature Deg. C : 32

Cooling water return temperature Deg. C : 41

Cooling water return pressure Kg/sq.cm : 0.5 (at the spray

nozzle)

Evaporation loss and blow down % : 2.0

No. of cells : Two

Boiler Feed Pumps

Number of pumps : two (2 x 100%)

Capacity m³/hr. : 13

Head MLC : 570

Type : Multistage

Centrifugal

Drive : Electric motor with

soft starter



Deaerator

Type : Spray cum tray

Capacity tph : 13

Outlet water temperature ºC : 105

Operating pressure ata : 1.23

Design pressure ata : 1.8 /Full vaccum

Steam inlet pressure ata : 1.3

Oxygen content in the outlet water ppm : 0.007

DM Water Plant

Capacity m³/hr. : 1.50

Regeneration : 4hrs/day

DM Water Specification:

Hardness : Nil

Chloride : Nil

Silica as SiO2, max. ppm : <0.02

Iron as Fe, max. ppm : Nil

Conductivity at 20 Deg.C max : 0.5 micro

siemens/cm

pH : 8.5 to 9.2

Oxygen (max.) ppm : 0.007

DM water plant will be complete with filter unit, SAC, SBA plant, degassers, pumps,

mixed bed exchangers, acid/alkali tank and pumps, raw water pumps etc.,



SECTION 8

DESCRIPTION OF ELECTRICAL AND I & C SYSTEMS



8. DESCRIPTION OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

8.1. GENERATOR

The generator will be rated 2.28 MW, 11 kV, 50 Hz, 3 ph, 0.8 pf. The generator winding

will have class F insulation for both rotor & stator with temperature raise will be limited

to class B limits for both rotor & stator. The winding will be star connected. The star

point will be earthed through a resistor to limit the fault current. The generator will be

air-cooled with an air-air heat exchanger. The generators will have brushless excitation

system.

The line side & neutral side terminals of the steam turbine-generator will be brought out

through the terminal boxes located on both side of generator. The Line side generator

terminals will be connected to the LAVT panel incoming through 11kV XLPE FRLS

cable. From LAVT panel outgoing will be connected to 11kV switchgear panel by means

of 11kV XLPE FRLS cable. The LAVT cubicle will house necessary current

transformers, voltage transformers, lightning arrestors etc. Similarly, generator neutral

side terminals will be taken to the Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR) Cubicle through a

short run of 11kV XLPE FRLS cable. The current transformers required for Protection &

Metering will be housed in the NGR & LAVT cubica. The neutral star formation will be

made in the generator only. The cubicle will house, motorized isolator, grounding

resistor, neutral current transformer etc.

The generator shall be of closed circuit air-cooled type housed in an IP55 (CACW)

enclosure and driven by steam turbine through a speed reducer, if necessary. The

necessary coupling and coupling bolts shall also form part of the supply. The generator

air cooler will be top mounted.

8.1.1. Stator

The stator frame shall be a single piece consisting of a cylindrical casing of welded

plate construction, reinforced internally in the radial and axial direction by stationary

web plates making the entire frame perfectly rigid. The stator winding shall be of the

double layer lap type with Class ‘F’ insulation.

8.1.2. Rotor

The generator rotor shall be forged from a single piece ingot of special alloy steel

carefully heat treated to obtain excellent mechanical and magnetic properties and

a comprehensive series of ultrasonic examinations on the rotor body shall be

done to ensure that absolutely no inadmissible internal defects are present and

that the material meets the quality standards.



The design and construction of the rotor shall be in accordance with the best

modern practice and shall be fully described in the offer.

The insulation between turns of field winding shall be consistent class F

insulation.

The field poles shall be provided with adequate damper windings to ensure

stability under fault conditions and to meet I22 t value of 20.

8.1.3. Earth Terminal

Two numbers of Earth terminals shall be provided. The earth terminals shall be

designed to terminate Galvanized iron conductors. The size shall be as specified in

IEC 34-1.

8.1.4. Speed Regulation

The moment of inertia of the alternator together with that of the turbine shall be

sufficient to ensure stability and the speed regulation as specified covering turbine for

full load rejection.

8.1.5. Shaft

a) The generator shaft shall be made of best quality forged alloy steel, properly treated.

The shaft shall be of ample size to operate at all speeds, including maximum over

speed without vibration or distortion and shall be able to withstand short circuit and

other stresses without damage. To prevent the flow of harmful shaft currents damaging

the bearings, suitable shaft earthing shall be provided.

b) A complete set of test reports covering metallurgical strength, crystallographic and

ultrasonic and baroscopic tests performed in each shaft during various stages of its

manufacturing shall be furnished as also the complete specifications of the shaft forging

material and its design parameters such as stresses and critical speed.

c) The generator shaft shall have a suitably shaped flange for coupling to the

turbine/gearbox shaft. The coupling shall be forged integral with the shaft and the shaft

coupling shall comply with the requirements of IEC for shaft coupling. All coupling bolts,

nut and nut guards for coupling shall be furnished by the vendor. The alignment limit for

the shaft shall be as per the latest NEMA/DIN standards.



8.1.6. Space Heaters

Suitably rated heaters shall be installed within the enclosure of the generator. Location

and the maximum temperature of the heaters shall be such that no damage can be

caused to any insulation. Heaters shall be suitable for operation on a single-phase

230 V AC supplies. A suitable thermostat controlled switch shall be mounted on or

adjacent to the stator frame for the switching of the heaters.

8.1.7. Excitation System

a) A brushless exciter shall be used and it shall be mounted on the out board end of the

generator frame. A static voltage regulator shall be included to control the voltage of the

synchronous generator by varying the current supplied to the field. Details of the

equipment shall be furnished along with the bid.

b) A self-excited static excitation system shall be provided. A high speed, fully tropicalized,

printed circuit, draw out type, automatic digital voltage regulator shall be provided. It

should be complete with necessary sensing PT’s, cable entries, cast resin type current

transformer, adjusting rheostats, and auto/manual and on/off selector switches. The

following meters of class 0.2 accuracy of size not less than 144x144 mm shall be

provided in the excitation cubicle and also in the unit control panel.

Exciter Field Current

Generator Field Current

Generator Field Voltage

Generator Terminal Voltage

c) The excitation system shall be provided with the following features:

Generator voltage control

Excitation current control

Excitation buildup during startup and fields suppression shutdown.

Limiter for the under excited range and delayed limiter for overexcited range.

Feature for parallel operation of the generator with the grid system incorporating

power factor control mode and feature for islanding operation during sudden grid

failure.



d) The system offered shall have the following facilities:

Manual mode of operation

Two Auto mode of operation

Follow on mode to have bumped less transfer from one mode of operation to the

other.

Auto/Manual changeover facility shall be provided. For manual mode voltage

lower/raise pistol grip type spring return type switch shall be provided. Following

minimum alarms shall be transmitted to the unit control desk. The excitation system

shall have diode protection relays to detect failure of the Rotating Diodes.

AVR fault

AVR automatic changeover to manual

Diode failure

8.1.8. Accessory Equipment

a) The generator shall be provided with RTD’s (temperature sensors) installed in the stator

winding with leads, brought out to a separate terminal box.

These RTD’s shall be hooked up to the temperature scanner in the control panel.

Necessary vibration transducer, displacement transducers with transmitters shall be

provided which shall be hooked up to the control panel in the control room.

b) Adequately rated neutral grounding resistor shall be supplied, the resistor shall be

stainless steel edge wound type mounted in shielded safe enclosure. A current

transformer shall be provided for ground fault current measurements for protection. The

rating of the resistor shall be furnished.

c) Necessary surge capacitors and lightning arrestors shall be provided for generator

protection. The surge capacitors shall conform to the latest IS: 2834 and shall be rated

0.25 Micro Farad. The capacitors shall be suitable for indoor mounting and shall be

provided with built-in discharge resistor.



8.2. SURGE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

The surge protection equipment would comprise lightning arrestors with suitable

discharge characteristics to suit the generator insulation level in parallel with suitably

rated capacitor for smoothening the rate of rise of impulse voltage. The lightning

arrestors will be located as close as possible to the generator terminals.

Parameters of Generator:

8.3. POWER EVACUATION

The power generated from the proposed biomass based power plant will be evacuated

to the 33 kV grid through one number of 3.15 MVA, 11/ 33 kV generator transformer.

The generator is earthed through a resistor to limit to earth fault current to acceptable

limits so that generator core is not damaged. Hence this system will be of

non-effectively earthed type.

8.4. 11 KV SWITCHGEAR

The power generated from the generator will be fed to indoor metal clad 11 kV

switchgear panel through 11kV XLPE FRLS cable. The 11kV circuit breakers will be

draw out type which is either VCB or SF6 type.

Sl.No. Parameters Generators

1 Rating (KW) 2280 KW

2 Applicable Standard IEC-34

3 Rated power factor 0.8

4 Rated frequency (Hz) 50

5 Rated speed (rpm) 1500

6 Excitation system Brushless

7 Cooling Air cooled

8 Voltage 415V

9 Insulation class F

10. Enclosure IP-55

11. Efficiency @ rated output,

voltage and p.f. 0.8

97%



8.5. POWER TRANSFORMERS

One no Generator transformer of rating 3.15 MVA, 11kV / 33kV, Ynd1, Z = 6.25%,

ONAN cooled, with OLTC on the HV side which is having the voltage variation as

+10% to -10% range in steps of 1.25% will be provided for stepping up the voltage &

power evacuation. The HV side will be provided with bushings and LV side will be

provided with cable box for connecting the 11kV XLPE FRLS cable. The HV neutral will

be solidly earthed. Generator transformer will be interconnected with the grid for the

evacuation of balance power.

Technical Parameters of Generator Transformer

Sl.No. Description Parameters

1 Rating (MVA) 3.15 MVA

2 Type of cooling ONAN

3 No load voltage ratio (kV) 33 / 11

4 No. of phases 3

5 Impedance (%) 6.25%

6 Vector group Ynd1

7 Tap range 10% to -10% in steps of 1.25% on

HV side

8 Type of tap changer OLTC

8.6. 33KV SWITCHYARD

The 33kV switchyard shall be of single bus bar arrangement with one incomer from

Generator transformer and one outgoing feeder for connecting the 33kV grid. The

maximum fault level at the 33kV bus will be considered as 750MVA. However, as the

minimum available SF6 breaker rating for 33KV will be suitable for breaking capacity of

31.5 kA. The isolators will be horizontal centre pole double break type with motor

operated closing mechanism. The current and potential transformers will be of oil filled

type and will be suitable for the short time rating of 31.5kA. The switchyard will be of

outdoor type with galvanized steel lattice structures.

Equipments such as

− HV circuit breakers,

− HV isolators,

− Earth switches,

− Current transformers, electromagnetic voltage transformers,

− Surge arrestors etc.



Parameters of 33kV Switchyard

Sl. No Parameters Ratings

1 Nominal System Voltage 33kV (rms)

2 Highest System Voltage 36kV (rms)

3 Basic Insulation Level 170KV (peak)

4 Symmetrical short circuit level 31.5 KA (rms), 1.0 sec.

5 Minimum creepage distance 31 mm/kV

6 Clearance: Phase-Phase

Phase-Earth

915 mm

610 mm

7 Section clearance 2800 mm

8 Ground clearance 3700 mm

Parameters of 33kV Circuit Breakers & Isolators:

Sl. No. Parameters Circuit Breakers Isolators

1 Type SF6 Horizontal centre break

2 Normal current rating 800 A 800 A

3 Breaking capacity

(rms)

31.5 KA -

4 Short time rating 31.5 kA rms

for 1 sec

31.5 kA rms

Parameters of 33kV Current Transformers & Voltage Transformers:

Sl. No. Parameters Current Transformers Voltage Transformers

1 Ratio 75/1/1/1/1 A 33kV/3 / 110 V/3 /

110 V/3 110 V/3

2 Short time

Rating

31.5 kA rms for 1 sec -

3

Burden & Acc.

Class

As required for protection and metering



Parameters of 30kV Lightning Arrestors

Sl.No. Parameters Ratings

1 Type Gapless (metal-oxide)

2 Rated voltage (kV rms) 30

3 Discharge current (kA) 10

Parameters of 11 / 0.433kV Auxiliary Transformers


1 Rating 400KVA

2 No. of phases 3

3 Type of cooling ONAN

4 No load voltage ratio 11 /0.433kV

5 Percentage impedance 6.25%

6 Vector group Dyn11

7 Tap range +5 to -5% in steps of 2.5%on HV side

8 Type of tap changer Off-Circuit Taps

9 Neutral grounding resistance Solidly earthed

10 Quantity One(1) number

Parameters of 11 kV Switchgear


1.0 Switchgear 11kV Switchgear

1.1 Type of Construction Indoor Metal Clad.

1.2 Bus bar rating 630A

1.3 Power frequency withstand voltage 28 kV (rms)

1.4 Impulse withstand voltage 75 kV(rms)

1.5 Short time rating 31.5kA rms 3 sec.

2.0 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

2.1 Type VCB

2.2 Rated current 630A, 31.5kA for 3Sec

2.3 Symmetrical breaking capacity 31.5kA (rms)

2.4 Rated short circuit making capacity 63kA (rms)



8.7. AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY ARRANGEMENT

The total auxiliary load of power plant is estimated to be 250KW respectively.

The power plant load will be catered by one number auxiliary transformer of rating

400kVA, 11/0.433KV. The main single line diagram for the power plant, enclosed

indicates the auxiliary power distribution. The various auxiliaries of the power plant

would be supplied at the following nominal voltages depending upon their ratings and

functions:

415V, 3 phases, 3 wires effectively grounded AC supply for motors.

240V, 1 phase, AC supply for lighting, space heating of motors and panels, single

phase motors, etc.

230 V, 1 phase grounded AC supply for AC control circuits.

110 V, ungrounded DC supply for control and indication.

The power & motor control center (PCC) switchgear will feed the following MCCs /

Distribution boards:

Auxiliary MCC

Emergency MCC

Water system MCC

ACDB

Lighting DB

8.8. 415V SYSTEM

The 415V, 3phase, 4 wire power for the LT auxiliaries would be obtained from the

auxiliary transformer. The 415V PCC switchgear would be of metal enclosed design

with symmetrical short circuit rating of 65 kA/1 sec. The motor control centre (MCC) will

be designed for 50kA/1 sec short circuit rating.

All the power and motor control centers would be compartmentalized and would be of

single / double front execution and non-draw out design with all the circuit components

mounted on a sheet metal chassis. The circuit breakers would be air break type. Motor

starting would be direct on-line.

Motors rated above 160kW will be provided with HT supply, Motors rated 160kW and

below up to 200W will be provided with 3phase LT supply and motors rated below



200kW, lighting, space heater, AC control & protective devices will be provided with 1

phase LT supply.

The switchgear would be located in the control building.

Parameters of 415 V PCC:

Sl. No. Description Parameters

1.0 SWITCHGEAR

1.1 Switchgear Metal enclosed

1.2 Type of construction Draw out

1.3 Single / Double front Single front

1.4 Normal current rating (A) 800

1.5 Symmetrical short circuit current (kA

rms)

50

1.6 Dynamic withstand (kA peak) 110

1.7 Degree of protection IP-52

2.0 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

2.1 Type ACB

2.2 Normal current rating (A) 800

2.3 Symmetrical breaking capacity (kA

rms)

50

8.9. CONTROL & PROTECTION SYSTEM

8.9.1. Generator:

The following protections are proposed to be provided for the generators:

Differential protection

95% & 100% Stator earth fault protection

Loss of field protection

Negative phase sequence current protection

voltage restrained over current back-up protection

Reverse power protection

Over voltage protection



Under voltage protection

Under / over frequency protection

Rate of change of frequency

Instantaneous over current relay

Instantaneous over current earth fault protection

1st & 2

nd stage rotor earth fault protection

Over fluxing protection

Fuse failure

Low forward power protection

3.15 MVA, 11 KV / 33 KV Transformers:

The following protections are proposed for the above transformer:

Under voltage protection

Differential protection

phase over current protection

Instantaneous over current protection

I.D. M.T over load protection

I.D.M.T earth fault protection

REF protection

Over fluxing protection

Buchholz, oil and winding temperature protection

Over voltage protection

Thermal overload protection

Under / over frequency relay

Standby Earth fault protection

33 KV Line:

Under voltage relay

Instantaneous over current relay



I.D.M.T over current relay

I.D.M.T earth fault relay

Over voltage relay

Under frequency relay

Over frequency

Rate change of frequency relay

Directional over current relay

Directional earth fault relay

Vector surge relay

8.10. EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY

To shut down safely during complete AC supply failure, certain important plant

auxiliaries will be provided with a reliable AC supply through a separate source. For this

purpose, 100 KVA, 415V quick starting, automatic mains failure diesel generator (DG)

sets will be provided. The diesel generators will feed power to the AC system,

emergency lights and UPS. When the AC supply is healthy, these essential loads will

be fed from the auxiliary transformer. When the AC supply fails, the DG set will start

and come in automatically and will feed the loads connected to the emergency

switchgear. When the normal AC supply is restored, these essential loads will be

manually changed over to the normal power supply.

8.11. DIRECT CURRENT SUPPLY SYSTEM

The Direct Current System (DC) is the most reliable source of supply in the power

station and will be used for the control and protection of the power plant equipment. The

DC system will be used for the following:

Electrical control of equipment and indications on the control panel.

Power supply to the essential auxiliaries of the power plant and turbines in case

of AC power failure.

Power supply to the following services in case of total AC power failure.

Communication system

The battery sizing will be done to cater to the following type of loads:

Momentary load for 1 minute



Emergency load for 2 hours

Continuous load for 10 hours

Under normal conditions, the battery will be on float charger. The float charger is

connected to a distribution board and meets the requirements of DC load. In case of

additional demand of load or AC supply failure, the battery will meet the requirements of

DC loads.

The boost charger will be designed to charge the fully discharged battery banks in

12 hours before putting it back on float charge.

A set of one 110V battery bank of suitable capacity with two float and boost chargers

and a direct current switch board will meet the DC load of the power plant. Similarly

another set of 110V battery bank suitable capacity with two float and boost chargers

and a direct current switch board will meet the DC load of the switchyard. The batteries

would be of stationary, valve regulated lead acid type, complete with racks, porcelain

insulators, inter-cell and interior connectors. The chargers would be of silicon rectifier

type with automatic voltage control and load limiting features.

8.12. UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY (UPS) SYSTEM

The instrumentation and control system will be powered by 230 V single phase AC

uninterruptible power supply. A battery bank of suitable capacity with associated two

100% float and boost chargers and inverters would be provided. This power supply will

be derived from 415 V AC supply through isolating transformer, rectifier and inverter

with dedicated battery bank for back-up power supply. Sufficient redundancy will be

built in the system. UPS systems each rated for 100% capacity and with each battery

having one (1) hour back-up will be provided. The type of batteries and chargers for the

UPS system would be similar to that described above for the DC system.

24 V DC power supply requirement will be derived from UPS bus by providing

necessary rectifier and 24 V DC distribution board.

8.13. LIGHTING

The power station lighting system would comprise the following:

8.13.1. Normal 240 V AC Lightning System

The lighting circuit in the normal 240 V AC lighting system would be fed through Main

lighting switchboard which in turn will be fed from main PCC. During grid/STG power



supply failure emergency diesel generator will cater power plant lighting. During the

total black out, before the DG is switched ON, emergency lighting will be provided for

critical areas like control room, stair case, boiler plot form, TG hall, etc. through UPS

power supply or portable DC lighting.

The proposed illumination levels for various areas are given below:

Area Illumination Level

Control room 300 lux.

Switchgear / MCC rooms 200 – 250 lux

Power house 200 lux.

Outlying areas 50 lux.

Transformer yard & switchyard 10 – 20 lux.

Boiler area 50 lux

Air/Gas compressors house, DM plant 200 lux

Workshop 300 lux

Canteen 150 lux.

Stores 100 – 150 lux.

Parking area and cycle stand 70 lux.

Battery room 150 lux.

Cable vaults 100 lux.

Administration building and office rooms 350 lux.

Roads 10 lux.

8.14. CABLING

All cables would be selected to carry the load current under site conditions, with

permissible voltage drop. In addition, high voltage cables would be sized to withstand

the short circuit current.

The following type of cables would be used:

For 11 kV generator system : 11 kV unearthed grade, single / multi-core, stranded

aluminium conductor, cross linked polyethylene insulated, screened, Aluminium wire



/ galvanized steel wire armored and overall XLPE sheathed FRLS cables conforming

to IS 7098 Part II.

For medium voltage and low voltage power cables: 650 / 1100 V grade, stranded

aluminium conductor, XLPE insulated, FRLS.

Control, protection, signaling and supervisory cables would be of 650/1100 V grade,

annealed high conductivity stranded copper conductor, PVC insulated and overall PVC

sheathed. Signaling and supervisory cables would be twisted pairs and screened

wherever required. The inner and outer sheaths of all the above cables would have fire

retardant capabilities.

Cables would be laid in steel ladder type cable trays, suitably supported in the control

building, STG building, other auxiliary buildings. In outdoor areas, cables would be laid

in racks/built-up trenches or would be buried directly underground depending on the

environment.

8.15. LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

A lightning protection system would be provided as per IS 2309 and Indian Electricity

Rules. The protections would consist of roof conductors, air terminals and down comers

and would be provided for tall structures such as the STG building.

8.16. FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

A fire alarm system would be installed to provide visual and audible alarm in the power

station for fire detection at the incipient stage. This system would comprise manual call

points located at strategic locations in areas which are normally manned, and automatic

smoke and heat detectors located at important points such as the cable vault, the

control room, switchgear room etc., to detect fire at an early stage, and provide visual

and audible alarm.

8.17. FIRE CONTAINMENT

Strategic areas in the plant would be separated by adequately rated fire walls. All

openings for switchgears and cable entry would be sealed by fire proof seals to prevent

spread of fire from one area to another.

8.18. PLANT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

In view of the high noise level in power plants, public address system is not

recommended. For effective communication in the plant, automatic dial type telephones

would be set up, having the following features:



8.18.1. Inter-communication Telephones

This system would comprise a telephone exchange and an adequate number of dial

type hand set stations located in soundproof cabins with suitable flashing indication on

top of if to indicate incoming call.

The hand sets in the control room would be provided with priority service facility to

enable them to have immediate access to any of the handsets even if the hand sets are

already engaged. A private automatic exchange for communication with outside parties

would also be provided.

8.18.2. Walkie-Talkie Sets

Walkie-Talkie sets would be provided for key personnel. This would, however require

special permission from the statutory authorities.

8.19. SAFETY EARTHING SYSTEM

A Safety earthing system as per IS 3043 & IEEE 80 consisting of a buried mild steel

conductor earthing grid would be provide for the power plant transformer yard,

switchyard and other outlying areas. These would be connected to the earth grids in

various buildings. The buried earthing grid would be further connected to earthing grid

would be further connected to earthing electrodes buried under ground and located at

representative points. The earth electrodes will be 100 mm diameter and 3000 mm long

13mm thickness Cast iron pipe and the main earth conductors will be 75 mm x 10 mm

G.I flats. The earth conductors when buried will be of mild steel and galvanized

wherever exposed to atmosphere.

8.20. INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM

The objective of this Detailed Project report is to outline the design philosophy to be

adopted for Control and Instrumentation (C&I) systems for 2.28 MW Biomass Power

Project.

The function of the instrumentation and control system would be to aid the operator in

achieving safe and efficient operation of the unit. The C&I system would be of the type

which normally relieves the operator of continuous duties and would take preplanned

actions in case unsafe trends or conditions develop in any regime of operation, i.e., start

up, shut down, normal working and emergency conditions. The design of C&I system

would be such so as to permit rectification of fault in the minimum possible time. Ease of

maintenance would be given due importance at system design stage.



8.20.1 PLC CONTROL SYSTEM

The instrument and control system will be provided with a microprocessor-based PLC

and a few other analog instruments and control devices. It will perform the functions of

monitoring, control, alarm, protection and interlock, diagnosing, accident treatment and

maintenance guidance of the unit to meet all requirements at various operational

conditions.

The system will fulfill the following basic functions:

I. Monitor all major plant functions inputted to the PLC

II. Provide the operator with a central, universal and instantaneous means to monitor

the plant.

III. Collect and store data for trending of various plant functions. Keep track of

various plant events and record them for historical purposes.

IV. Perform required basic calculations for performance monitoring and optimization.

V. Produce operating logs for record purposes and post trip review reports.

VI. Provide sequence of events monitoring and reporting.

VII. Perform self-checking and self-diagnosis

Provide capability to add, delete and modify points from the system by means of

conversional mode



SECTION 9

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND POLLUTION CONTROL



9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND POLLUTION CONTROL

The type of pollutions, which affect the environment, emanating from the biomass

based plant can be classified as follows:

Air pollution

Water pollution

Thermal pollution

Noise pollution

The pollutants generated from the biomass plant are as follows:

Dust and particulate matter in the flue gas

Fly ash from the hoppers

Furnace bottom ash

Effluent from water treatment plant

Sewage from the plant

9.1. CONTROL METHODS FOR AIR POLLUTION

9.1.1. Dust and particulate matters

The pollution control norm stipulates a maximum dust concentration of

100 mg//N.cu.mt. The proposed biomass based plant will have ESP, which will separate

the dust from the flue gas and has an efficiency of 90 %. The dust concentration in the

flue gas leaving the ESP will be maximum 100 mg/N.cu.mt.

The dust concentration level in the chimney will be periodically monitored. Corrective

steps will be taken, if the concentration is not within the acceptable limits.

9.1.2. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide

The main fuels, for the proposed biomass based plant are Coconut, arecanut, red oil

palm, cashenut, cereals like paddy, maize, pulse and wood chips. The quantity of

sulphur di oxide in flue gas determines the height of the chimney. Owing to the



negligible amounts of sulphur and nitrogen in proposed fuel, little or no sulphur di oxide

or nitrogen di oxide is produced.

9.1.3. Fly ash and bottom ash

The ash content present in Coconut, arecanut, red oil palm, cashenut, cereals like

paddy, maize, pulse and wood chips is around 4.86 %. Ash collected from the bottom of

furnace is taken to an ash silo through a submerged belt conveyor. The fly ash from air

heater, ESP and economiser hoppers is taken to the fly ash silo by a dense phase ash

handling system. Depending on the fuel from which ash is generated, the ash produced

will be disposed. For example, the ash produced by burning biomass fuels can be used

as manure and can be given to the farmers.

9.2. CONTROL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION

9.2.1. Effluents from Water treatment Plant

The water drained from the water treatment plant will have to be treated so that the

water let out is neutral (pH 7.0). To achieve this, the water drained from the water

treatment plant is pumped to a neutralization pit.

The neutralization pit will have acid resistant brick lining. The effluent flowing into the

neutralizing pit will be self-neutralizing type & hence no additional chemical is required

to be used for treatment of the effluent from the DM plant.

The quantity of effluent from the softener & DM stream will be around 1 tph and from

the filters will be around 0.50 tph .

9.2.2. Boiler Blowdown

In order to maintain the solid concentration in the boiler feed water, two types of

blowdown are employed in the boiler. One type is continuous blowdown and the other

intermittent blowdown.

The drain water from blowdown tank will be at a temperature of 100 Deg. C. The

quantity of blowdown will be around 0.32 tph. This water can be taken to the waste

water tank , where it will get cooled naturally.

Apart from Boiler blowdown there will be blowdown from the aux cooling tower which

will be around 0.67 tph .



The water from blowdown, neutralizing pit will be taken to a waste water tank where the

water will achieve near about atmospheric temperature. This water can be used for ash

quenching / conditioning, dust suppression in the fuel storage yard and in the plant

area.

Used Lube oil will be stored in barrels & will be disposed off by certified agency

9.2.3. Sewage from the power plant buildings

The sewage from the various power plant buildings will be taken to a common septic

tank through trenches. The sewage from the septic tank will be disposed off through

concrete trenches. As the sewage is taken in trenches the soil will not get

contaminated.

9.3. CONTROL METHODS FOR THERMAL POLLUTION

The water used in the surface condenser to condense the steam, will be cooled in a

cooling tower of either induced or forced draft type. The water let out from the cooling

tower will have a temperature very close to the ambient.

9.4. CONTROL METHODS FOR NOISE POLLUTION

The major source of noise pollution in the proposed biomass based plant is from the

following:

Rotating equipments like ID, FD and SA fans

Feed pumps

Boiler and superheater safety valves

Start-up vent

Steam turbine

9.5. DG SETS

As per OSHA standards, the sound level from the rotating equipments shall be 85 to

90dBA. The rotating equipments will be designed to achieve this.

The start-up vent, safety valve outlets and the DG sets will be provided with silencers to

reduce the noise level to the acceptable limits.



The power house building will be constructed with sound proof walls to keep the noise

level within the acceptable limits in the control room.

Rain Water Harvesting

It is planned to have rain water harvesting in the power plant area. Suitable

arrangements will be made at site for this purpose during project execution. There will

not be any mix up of the plant drains & the storm water drain.

9.6. INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FROM POWER PLANT

INPUTS

Fuel 18754.56 t / yr Water 6.74 cum / hr

OUTPUTS Power 126.72 Lakh kwh per annum (Gross

output 80 % PLF) Ash 1080 t / yr

a. Boiler Blowdown 0.38 t / hr

b. Cooling Tower Blowdown 0.7 t / hr

c. Cooling Tower Evaporation 2.6 t / hr

d. Steam from Deaerator Vent 0.1 t / hr

e. Filter Back wash 0.40 t / hr

f. DM plant effluent 0.32 t / hr

g. Domestic waste water 2.4 t / hr

Blowdown from Boiler and Cooling Tower (water at around 42 deg. C ) will be admitted

into a waste water tank where it gets cooled automatically. The effluent from DM plant &

the filter backwash will be admitted into the neutralizing pit where it will be self

neutralizing. The effluent from neutralizing pit will be transferred to the waste water tank

for further disposal.

The water from the waste water tank will be used for ash quenching, dust suppression

in the plant area by water spray, gardening, etc.

The domestic waste will be admitted into septic tank & then through dispersion trenches



SECTION 10

STATUTORY CLEARANCES REQUIRED



10. STATUTORY CELARANCES REQUIRED

The following are the statutory clearances required for the proposed biomass based

plant at Mithakhari village, Ferrargunj Tehsil in South Andaman Islands.

10.1. IN PRINCIPLE CLEARANCE FROM ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT OF A&N ISLANDS

The clearances for export of power are to be obtained from A&N Government.

10.2. APPROVAL FOR PARALLEL OPERATION

Approval of the Government of A&N union territory for parallel operation of generating

set with the grid has to be obtained.

10.3. CLEARANCE FROM AIR PORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA

Permission has to be obtained from the Airport Authority of India, New Delhi, for the

chimney height.

10.4. POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

Consent order for establishment from the A&N Government Pollution Control board to

be obtained for the air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. The source of

pollution and the control methods proposed are discussed in the chapter,

“Environmental Impact and Pollution Control”.

10.5. APPROVAL FROM LOCAL PANCHAYAT

The local Panchayat has to approve the layout and buildings of the power plant

10.6. INSURANCE

Approval from the Loss Prevention Association is required for the firefighting systems

like hydrant system and portable fire extinguishers, proposed to protect the boiler, TG,

switch yard and other buildings. The premium for the insurance will be fixed based on

the recommendations given by the Tariff Advisory Committee.



10.7. APPROVAL FOR THE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

The electrical installations like transformers, switch yard equipment etc., shall be

approved by the Chief Electrical Inspector, Government of A&N for the safety features,

location etc.

10.8. APPROVAL FOR THE FACTORY INSTALLATION

The approval for establishing the power plant to be obtained from the Chief Inspector of

Factories.

10.9. BOILER AND PRESSURE PART COMPONENTS

The approval from the Chief Inspector of Boilers, A&N is required for the installation and

operation of the boilers, steam and water pipings.

10.10. APPROVAL FROM GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY

Approval has to be obtained from the Government authorities for drawl of water from

the ground.



SECTION 11

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE



11. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

The proposed organisation structure for the operation and maintenance (O&M) of the

power plant is presented in the exhibits. In order to ensure a high level of performance

of the power plant, it is proposed to induct experienced O&M engineers from the very

beginning of the project.

11.1. BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE O&M TEAM

The basic structure and the broad functional area within the O&M organisation would be

as follows:

The power station superintendent would have the primary responsibility for the O&M of

the power plant. The organisation will comprise of four broad functional areas viz.

Operation, maintenance, technical and administration. The basic duties covered under

each of these functional areas would be as follows:

11.1.1. Operation

Operation of main generating equipment, fuel handling systems, water systems

including water treatment plant, 33 kV switch yard and other auxiliary plant.

Except for the Power Station Superintendent, Manager Operations and Manager

Maintenance, all other operation personnel would work on three shift basis.

Manpower for shift personnel planning for key areas has been generally done on 3+1

concept, to take into account leave taken by shift personnel.

The day to day operation of the power plant will be controlled by the Managers who will

be assisted by the Control room operators and shift engineers.

11.1.2. Maintenance

Maintenance of mechanical and electrical plant, control systems, buildings, roads,

drainages and sewage systems etc.,

Operation of the plant work shop, planning and scheduling maintenance works and

deciding the requirement of spare parts.



The maintenance manager will be assisted by departmental engineers, who take care

of the maintenance aspects of all the mechanical, electrical and I&C requirements.

Trained technicians will be employed to assist the maintenance group in day to day

maintenance of the plant.

11.1.3. Efficiency Department

Monitoring of plant performance, plant water chemistry, maintenance of documents,

improvements in the plant systems, plant safety aspects including firefighting and

training.

Excepting the Chemists/Lab technicians, all other personnel in this functional area

would be in general shift.

This department is also known as Efficiency Department, as the prime responsibility of

them will be metering the energy exported to the Electricity Board apart from monitoring

the performance of the plant.

11.1.4. Administration

The main responsibilities of this department will be as follows:

Purchase

Plant Security

Liaison with local labour officers

Stores management

Finance & Accounts

Medical Services

Secretarial & Clerical

Transport services

HRD

11.2. FACILITIES TO BE EXTENDED TO THE EMPLOYEES

The number of employees required for the proposed power plant will be around 45

including 10 persons per shift for operation of the Plant. Maintenance department

personnel will be from different disciplines like Mechanical, Electrical, I&C etc. The



personnel required for administration and Finance & Accounts will also be included in

the above including the persons taken on contract basis.

11.2.1. In plant facilities:

The following facilities will be provided in the power plant:

Administration building and technical office

Construction offices and stores

Time and security offices

First aid and firefighting station

Canteen and welfare center

Toilets and change rooms

Car parks and cycle/scooter stands.

11.3. STATION MAINTENANCE PHILOSOPHY

The power plant’s maintenance philosophy is based on the following aspects.

11.3.1. Ordinary Maintenance

Which covers routine checking and minor and refurbishment activities to be performed

according to operating manuals on component / equipment in operating conditions.

11.3.2. Emergency Maintenance

Which is a corrective maintenance to be performed when a significant failure occurs.

To minimise forced outages duration, an effective Emergency Maintenance must be

supported by:

A proper stock of spare parts.

Permanent monitoring and Diagnostic systems for main components.

11.4. MAINTENANCE PLAN AND SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE

Scheduled maintenance is carried out according to maintenance plan, which should be

discussed and optimized according to the needs of the customer/client.



The maintenance plan is based on scheduled outages for the following components:

Boiler

Steam Turbine

Alternator

11.5. MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The maintenance of this plant will be carried out as per the above philosophy. This

system aims at maximising the availability of the power plant, while ensuring minimum

maintenance cost and safety of the plant and personnel.

11.6. SPARE PARTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The primary objective of spare part management system will be to ensure timely

availability of proper spare parts for efficient maintenance of the plant without excessive

build-up of non-moving and slow moving inventory.

The spare parts management system for this project will cover the following areas:

Proper codification of all spares and consumables.

Spare parts indenting and procurement policy.

Ordering of critical mandatory and recommended spares judicious fixation of

inventory levels and ordering levels for spare parts based on the experience.

Development of more than one source of manufacturer / supplier wherever

practicable.

11.7. AVAILABILTY OF O & M MANUALS

All contracts include provision of at least 7 sets of detailed O & M manuals, which will

be distributed to all departments concerned well in advance. Installation and

commissioning procedures of various equipment will also be prepared as separate

documents for distribution to the concerned.



11.8. SPECIAL TOOLS AND TACKLES

All contracts will include the provision for supply of one set of all types of special tools

and tackles, which are required for installation, commissioning and proper maintenance

of plant and equipment.

11.9. OPERATION REQUIREMENTS

With the completion of the official hydraulic test of the boiler, the pre-commissioning and

commissioning activities start. Pre-commissioning checks of the individual equipment

will lead to safe commissioning of the equipment. Installation procedure and

commissioning procedure as stipulated in the O & M manuals supplied by the various

equipment supplier shall be carefully followed.

Wherever possible, it is advisable to keep the vendor’s representative at site for

commissioning the critical equipment of the power plant.

However, the boiler, turbo-alternators and other critical equipment have to be

commissioned by the supplier himself, as the performance guaranties are with them.

Controls and Instrumentation system along with alarm and trip interlocks should be put

into operation to safeguard the equipment as well as the operating personnel.

11.10. CHECK-LIST AND PROTOCOL

A Detailed check-list for the various equipment, supplemented with the check-list

submitted by the supplier shall be drawn and logged for future reference. This will also

form part of the plant’s base history/datum.

Whenever an equipment in commissioned, the important parameters of that particular

equipment should be observed for a period of eight hours and the readings shall be

logged as per the log sheets.

11.10.1. ORGANISATION LEVELS

GRADING OF POSITIONS

Every position in an organisation is graded within these decision taking bands based on

a short description below. These grading levels range from A Band (unskilled labour) to

E-Band (Top Management). The definitions for the classification of different positions

are as follows:



A-Band

Basic elementary decisions where the options and alternatives are limited. Information

required by the worker is limited, simple, and easy to understand. A-band mainly

requires unskilled labour and its training requirements are minimum.

B-Band

Operational decisions are in a logical sequence of elements involved Experience and

practice is essential for taking decisions in this band. Training normally takes a few

months.

C-Band

Process decisions in a systematic sequence of operational activities. Problems have to

be diagnosed and the best solution forms a range of alternative needs to be selected

and implemented. A broad spectrum of intensive formal education, as well as

experience, is required for these jobs.

D-Band

Interpretative decisions by middle Management.

E-Band

Strategic decisions by Senior Management.



SECTION 12

COST ESTIMATION AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS



12. COST ESTIMATION AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

REFER ANNEXURE - I



SECTION – 13

SWOT ANALYSIS



13. SWOT ANALYSIS

While the promoters have undertaken pre-feasibility study they have also made a

SWOT analysis on the project, which are summarized in the succeeding paragraphs.

SWOT analysis would bring out the strengths and opportunities in setting up the

biomass based power project as well as its weaknesses and threats. The SWOT

analysis would enable the promoters to consider the positive and negative aspects of

setting up of these mini power projects.

STRENGTHS

Demand for the Power: In an energy starving country like ours, the energy supply and

demand gap is widening at a rapid rate. It is estimated that another 100000 MW has to

be added by 2012 along with the present generation to meet the future demand. This

project will contribute in its own way to reduce the deficit power situation.

Easy accessibility to raw material resources: The projects will be located at

Mithakhari village, Ferrargunj Tehsil in South Andaman Islands. The raw materials

available as biomass fuel are Coconut, arecanut, red oil palm, cashenut, napier grass,

cereals like paddy, maize, pulse, wood chips and empty fruit bunches. Wood chips may

be imported from main land or from neighboring countries such as Malaysia or

Indonesia.

The biomass assessment study carried out for ensuring the availability of Biomass from

different sources in different islands is compiled to determine the capacity of power

plant that may be established and operated on a continuous basis. The length of the

Andaman is 467 km with an average width of 24 km, whereas the maximum width is

52 km. The length of the Nicobar Islands is 259 kms with a maximum width of 58 kms.

Therefore, the available sources of biomass have been considered as Andaman &

Nicobar Islands. However, it may be noted that most of the population is settled in and

around Port Blair within 50 km radius of the proposed sites indicates that these two

fuels are abundantly available.

Rural Employment: The project contributes to the rural economy by creating rural

employment and also enables farmers to earn more money by selling stalks at better

prices. The project is environment friendly and reduces green house gases.



WEAKNESSES

The project is based on biomass, which is nature’s gift and depends on vagaries of

nature. When there is a crop failure, there will not be any production of agricultural

waste.

The viability of the project depends on the fluctuations in prices of biomass. The

suppliers can hike the price of biomass.

OPPORTUNITIES

With the government encouraging, renewable projects in place of projects based

on conventional fuels; there is always scope for expanding the activity.

Presently, the proposed capacities are of the order of 2.28 MW and will be

operating on biomass fuel.

There is a clear cut demand supply gap in the A&N islands.

The company can export ash from the boiler since the ash from biomass fuels is

supposed to have silica content having export market.

The company can manufacture bricks from ash and can be sold in the market.

THREATS

Success of the project depends on Government power policies and approvals for

setting up of the units. Timely payment from the Third parties would also be a

matter of concern.

The establishment of number of biomass projects could affect the availability of

biomass endangering their very survival.

The state may become a surplus power generating state bringing down the power

purchase policies.

As could be seen from the above the strengths are more and opportunities are

enormous there by the weaknesses can be eliminated and threats can be

surmounted



SECTION – 14

SOCIO-ECONOMIC & ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS



14. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

The proposed biomass project will be a landmark achievement at Mithakhari village,

Ferrargunj Tehsil in South Andaman Islands. It will truly become a role model of utilizing

the agro residues in the most efficient manner for eco-friendly products like renewable

and decentralized power generation. The sound techno-economic and commercial

viability of this project, coupled with highest efficiency in all aspects of power

generation, will pave the way for Integration of agriculture industry & power industry in

the union territory of A&N.

Establishment of the latest and most efficient technologies adopted for biomass power

generation and biomass fuel linkages will also help the power industry of A&N and

equipment manufacturers to grow leaps and bounds, at the national and the

international levels.

The socio-economic benefits arising out of this project for the local populace wilt include

creation of direct and indirect jobs and consequent rise in the income levels, associated

commercial and social infrastructure development in the mofussil areas, improved

quality and availability of power due to grid benefits (in terms of deemed generation and

power factor improvement), better environment and higher returns for the crops due to

higher yield and price.

At the national and the State levels, the benefits include decentralized power

generation, reduction in T&D loss, reduced emissions, increased tax revenues and

reduction in the transportation costs,

At the project and promoter levels, the captioned project offers excellent opportunities

for expansion and diversification in to power sector, flexibility of operations depending

on the market situation for each product and improved returns from trade of emission

reductions due to biomass based power generation from the upcoming international

emissions trade market, under the Kyoto Protocol.

The project will have excellent multiplier effect and will become truly a win-win situation

for all the stakeholders. Thus, the proposed project has substantial socio-economic and

environmental benefits at the local, the State, the Regional and the National levels.



SECTION 15

PROJECT SCHEDULE AND IMPLEMENTATION



15. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

15.1. PROJECT SCHEDULE

The project schedule for the implementation of 2.28 MW Biomass based project will be

16 months from the date of ordering of boiler and turbine. The project schedule

indicates the various activities starting from Engineering, Detailed Engineering,

Procurement, to Erection and Commissioning of the project.

15.2. PROJECT MANAGEMENT

15.2.1. Engineering Management system

Engineering Management System is a functional strategy developed to meet the tasks

of the engineering division keeping in view the overall project and the company’s

objectives.

It is a set of planned and well-defined systems and procedures for each activity and

sub-activity for engineering tasks to complete the project from feasibility, conceptual

design, detailed engineering up to commissioning and operation of the plant. The

following major constituents of the Engineering management systems are being used

for the execution of this project:

15.2.2. Division of Responsibility & Authority,

Division of Responsibility & Authority which defined the role and responsibilities against

the tasks identified for the engineering services, project engineering and Quality

Assurance & Inspection services in various disciplines such as Mechanical, Electrical,

C&I and Civil.

15.2.3. Engineering and Monitoring System

Engineering and Monitoring System covers identification of various Engineering

activities and sub-activities both pre-award and post-award of the main plant equipment

for this project.

The monitoring of the progress reports and look ahead planning are made on the basis

of Scheduled dates against the actual date of completion of the activities or anticipated

dates to complete the activities for every month.



15.2.4. Vendor Drawing Control System

Vendor drawing control system provides the status reporting and monitoring for Vendor

submitted drawings, which give the clue to identify the vendor drawings, falling in

different approval categories, drawings which are overdue for submission by the

vendor, drawings which are pending for transmittal of the comments / distribution etc.

This is very important from the point of vendor progress monitoring.

15.2.5. Drawing Control Procedure

Drawing control procedure elaborates how to control drawings received from the vendor

or developed in-house. The system identifies how the drawings are to be processed

and who has the authority to approve these drawings / documents and transmittal of the

drawings to the site office concerned, project consultant and to the vendor.

15.2.6. System for Feed Back

This project has got a group of field engineers, which will perform the engineering tasks

at the site office and support the engineering group concerned at the Head office. The

engineering group is the focal point for all engineering issues and the field problems

pertaining to engineering. They also receive drawings and documents and distribute

amongst the various departments of the project, provide any clarification or modification

of any nature and give the feedback during construction and commissioning stage of

the project. They are also responsible to co-ordinate the project drawings and data to

AS-Built information.

15.2.7. Computer Aided Design

The use of Computer Aided Design (CAD) for development of engineering design and

drawings is being emphasized by the company. Presently almost all the engineering

tasks are performed using CAD with the software programs already available and

developed within the company.

15.2.8. Assurance of Engineering Quality

With the use of standardized document, model technical specification, design guide

lines and check list, the engineering quality is possible to achieve.



15.2.9. Cost Control

To have control on the cost of the project, the project is split into no. of packages and

the cost is worked on the basis of the price data obtained from various vendors, as well

as on the basis of the trends of the cost variations.

15.2.10. Time Control

This is achieved during project planning and monitoring system. Monitoring is done at

every place – Regional office, Consultant’s office and the Site office.

15.3. CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

15.3.1. Power Plant and Facilities

Site activities of project group shall be carried out as per Consultants Construction

Management Manual Prescribing systems and procedures, their scope of

responsibilities, inter-relationships as outlined in the various chapters.

This management system is a part of Integrated Project Management and Control

System developed by the consultant for implementation of power projects with the

object of achieving the goal within the defined schedule of time, cost and quality.

Organization tasks and frame work for construction management has been organized in

four distinct headings namely :

Construction Management Tasks.

Construction Management Organization

Functional Boundaries & Scope of Work

Construction Management Interface.

The Construction Management Tasks cover the following:-

iii. Infrastructure development

iv. Construction execution supervision

v. Safety and security

vi. Planning, Scheduling, Reviewing and Control



vii. Field quality surveillance

viii. Site contracting

ix. Material Management

x. Cost control

xi. Liaison with external agencies

xii. Personnel administration and welfare

xiii. Finance and Account.

15.4. CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION

Construction Organization at project site is headed by Project Manager a senior

executive assisted by a consultant engineer from the consultant side. The project

manager is assisted in carrying out site functions by functional heads viz.

Head of project construction, planning, scheduling and project co-ordination.

Head of Field Engineering and Field Quality Surveillance.

Head of Personnel Management, which includes finance and accounts. The

construction, erection and commissioning is carried out by the contractors with

the technical supervision from the Consultant/ Customer Engineers in association

with the representatives of equipment manufacturer to the satisfaction of the

power plant authorities. The tools and plants for construction and erection are

brought by the contractor.

The functional boundaries and scope of work cover the following areas:

Construction planning and scheduling,

Civil construction

Equipment erection

Field engineering

Field quality control and surveillance: This group will ensure development and

enforcement of quality norms and checks.

Site contract group, which provides centralized services at site for awarding work

contracts.



Material management functions cover activities of material planning, procurement,

storage issue etc.

Site service is a centralized service group which provides and maintains all

common construction facilities, tools, plants and construction utility services.

Personnel and Administration group at site is guided by the HRD division at

Head Quarters and it is responsible for man power planning, recruitment etc.

Finance & Accounts.

15.5. INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES & CIVIL SYSTEM

15.5.1. Preliminary Works

GEO TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION AND SITE SPECIFIC SIESMIC STUDIES.

Detailed geotechnical investigation to be carried out to obtain the details of soil profile,

sub surface condition , soil resistivity and physical and engineering. Properties of the

soil for the purpose of design of suitable type of foundation for the various structures

and equipment.

Detailed geo-technical investigation to be carried out in three parts (i.e.)

Main plant building and switchyard area.

Site facilities like cooling tower, DM plant area.

Raw water tank & pump house.

Water analysis to be carried out to find out the quality and quantity of raw water

available. This dictates the size and type of DM plant.

Other infrastructural facility lease of land, levelling, grading, storage reservoir, internal

roads, drainage and effluent system, sewage system, boundary wall and fencing has

been envisaged for this project.

15.5.2. Construction & Drinking Water

The water requirement for construction purpose including drinking water is drawn from

the reservoir located within the plant boundary. The water is pumped to different

places with the help of pumps.



For drinking water purposes, the treated water is pumped to an overhead tank and from

the tank, the drinking water is supplied through a ring header to various areas of work

place.

15.5.3. Construction Offices, Storage Sheds etc.,

Temporary office will be constructed to accommodate the construction personnel inside

the plant boundary. This shall be a single storied building with load bearing brick wall

and A.C. sheet roofing. Sufficient open space has been kept for various contractor’s

office and storage of steel materials.

15.5.4. Construction Power

About 100 KVA at 415 V power is required for construction purposes.

15.5.5. Buildings

Separate buildings will be located within the power plant for Administration, Stores,

Workshop.

15.6. QUALITY ASSURANCE & INSPECTION

In order to ensure high reliability and better performance, quality assurance programs

have been developed for all packages. For this purpose, bid documents for all contract

packages stipulate that the bidders have to submit their own quality assurance

programs for manufacturing and field activities.

They include identification of

Quality organization

Documentation control

Procedure for purchase of materials, components, selection of subcontractors,

services including vendor analysis, source inspection, raw material inspection etc.

Control and testing of calibration, measuring and testing equipment.

Handling, storage and delivery.

Maintenance of records to meet all the contractual requirements.



All the contractors are required to develop such QA programs after the review of all

technical specification and contract requirements. The QA programs of the vendors are

taken into consideration during bid evaluation by the consultants. At the time of

finalisation of the agreement with the successful vendors, a detailed quality plan setting

and the quality practices and procedures, relevant standards and acceptance level for

all the components of all the equipment will be mutually discussed and agreed to.

Further, consultant / client witnesses tests / inspection etc as per the customer hold

points (CHP) to be selected by the consultant in quality plans, beyond which the work

will progress only with the consent of the consultant. Apart from this, the quality

surveillance of the system and procedures of the contractor’s quality control

organisation will be carried out for monitoring the implementation status.

In addition, the consultant / customer will carry out quality audits on the systems and

processes for the areas of manufacture and field activities to determine the

effectiveness of implementation and to ensure conformance to code, contract and

procedure requirements.

Control of quality in the field right from the stage of material receipt till final

commissioning will be effected by the field quality control group. This group will be

independent of actual execution schedules and costs and will function under technical

guidance from the consultant’s QA group.

15.7. MAN POWER TRAINING & PLACEMENT

15.7.1. Organisation Structure

The project will be headed by a Power Plant Superintendent, a senior level executive

from the customer side, who will have overall administrative as well as technical control

of the cogeneration plant. For effective operation, maintenance and administration of

the project, adequate no. of suitable technical and administrative personnel will be

posted under him.

15.7.2. Training and Development

Performance of the employees always depends upon the training and developmental

programmes organised by the consultants / customers from time to time. This is one of

the important tools to derive improved performance from the operators of the

cogeneration plant.



15.7.3. Type of Training – Pre-Employment Training

Pre-employment training aims at providing requisite skills and confidence to the

personnel, who enter the organisation as fresh trainees at different induction levels.

Long duration training schemes and on the job training schemes are in vogue to take

care of further training.

15.7.4. Post – Employment Training

Post – Employment Training provides opportunities to personnel at various levels of the

organisation hierarchy to take-up higher responsibility and skills and also to re-orient

them to keep pace with the advancement in power plant operations / technology. This

package basically has three components Viz. Management development for senior level

executives for developing functional knowledge and managerial skills, specialized

training activities to acquaint the employees with the latest technology around the world

in cogen industries and employee development programs to develop and upgrade skills

and also to attain higher educational levels for the benefit of personnel at different

levels.



SECTION 16

DRAWINGS



16. LIST OF DRAWINGS

PLOT PLAN 0-94XX-000-001

HEAT AND MASS BALANCE DIAGRAM - 4-94XX -100-001

WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM 4-94XX -100-002

HT SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM 2-94XX -400-001

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM 1-94XX -100-001

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SECTION – 17

ANNEXURES



17. ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE –I FINANCIAL STATEMENT

ANNEXURE –II WATER ANALYSIS REPORT (Will be submitted shortly)

ANNEXURE –III BIOMASS STUDY AVAILABILITY REPORT

ANNEXURE –IV PROJECT SCHEDULE

ANNEXURE –V SITE PLAN

ASSUMPTIONS:

Capacity of the Plant 2.28 MW

Name of the Plant Suryachakra Green Fuels Private Limited

Plant operating capacity 80%

Sale Price 9.81 Anticipated Increase in Sale Price 4% YOY

Debt equity ratio 70:30

Working Capital Margin 25%

Number of days of operation 330 days

Project Schedule 12 Months

Calculation of Raw Material Cost

Name of the Material Rate / MT % of Use Cost in Rs

Agri Residues, Forestry Wastes and Coconut Residues 3000.00 100% 3000.00Pellets Conversion Cost 600.00Transportation 0.00 1250.00

TOTAL 4850.00

Increase by 3% YOY

Specific Fuel Consumption 1.30 Kgs per kwh

O & M Cost / MT 0.60 Rs /MtIncrease by 5% YOY

Consumables 300 Rs /MtIncrease by 10% YOY

Admin Expenses 2% on salesIncrease by 5% YOY

Interest Rate On Rupee Loan on TL 14.50%

Interest on WC Loan 14.00%

Repayment 18+96 months(18 months gestation and 96 months repayment)

DSCR 1.36IRR 14.18%

Start DateNumber of Months 12CODMoratorium 18Start of Repayment

Rs/Kw

Suryachakra Green Fuels Private Limited10

PROJECT COST AND MEANS OF FINANCE

A. PROJECT COST Interest rate 15%

1. Land 0.00 Period 4 Quarter2. Land Development expenses 37.00 Advance 10% 104.66 Months

3. Civil works 230.00 1 20% 209.33 11.38 12 313.99

4. Plant & Machinery (Incl of taxes) 955.00 2 20% 209.33 18.97 9 209.33

5. Miscellaneous Fixed Assets 17.00 3 25% 261.66 28.46 6 261.66

6. Prel. & Pre‐operative Expenses 48.47 4 25% 261.66 37.94 3 261.66

7. Interest During Construction 96.75 5 0% 0.00 0.00

8. Contingencies 34.61 6 0% 0.00 0.00

9. Working Capital Margin 76.36 7Total 1495.18 8

B. MEANS OF FINANCE 9 100% 1,046.63 96.75 1,046.63

1. Equity Share Capital 448.552. Unsecured Loans from Promoters 0.003. Term Loan from Bank 1046.63

Total 1495.18

Suryachakra Green Fuels Private Limited

PROJECTED PROFITABILITY STATEMENT(Rs. Lakhs)

Particulars \ Years Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10Installed Capacity (MW) 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28Lakh Kwh Units 180.58 180.58 180.58 180.58 180.58 180.58 180.58 180.58 180.58 180.58 Plant Load Factor (PLF) 70.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0%Average Annual Generation (Lakh Units) 126.40 144.46 144.46 144.46 144.46 144.46 144.46 144.46 144.46 144.46 Less: Auxiliary Consumption & Line Losses @ 14% 17.70 20.22 20.22 20.22 20.22 20.22 20.22 20.22 20.22 20.22 Net Annual Generation (Lakh Units) 108.71 124.24 124.24 124.24 124.24 124.24 124.24 124.24 124.24 124.24

Sale Price Per Unit ( In Rupees) 9.81 9.81 10.20 10.61 11.03 11.48 11.94 12.41 12.91 13.43 Add: Escalation (% age) 0 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4%Aggregate Sale Price Unit ( In Rupees) 9.81 10.20 10.61 11.03 11.48 11.94 12.41 12.91 13.43 13.96

Revenue on account Sales (Rs in lacs) 1066.41 1267.51 1318.21 1370.94 1425.77 1482.81 1542.12 1603.80 1667.95 1734.67201.10 50.70 52.73 54.84 57.03 59.31 61.68 64.15 66.72

Total Revenue (Rs. Lakhs) 1066.41 1267.51 1318.21 1370.94 1425.77 1482.81 1542.12 1603.80 1667.95 1734.67

Description (Rs in Lacs)


PROJECTED PROFITABILITY STATEMENT (Contd.,)(Rs. lakhs)

Particulars \ Years Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10Cost of Operation Mar‐12 Mar‐13 Mar‐14 Mar‐15 Mar‐16 Mar‐17 Mar‐18 Mar‐19 Mar‐20 Mar‐21

Cost of Raw Materials (Incl transportation) 766.32 902.07 929.13 957.00 985.71 1015.28 1045.74 1077.12 1109.43 1142.71Operation and Maintainance Cost including Overheads 75.84 91.01 91.01 95.56 100.34 105.36 110.62 116.15 121.96 128.06

Fixed Expense

Admn Expenses 21.33 25.35 26.36 27.42 28.52 29.66 30.84 32.08 33.36 34.69Consumables 0.38 0.48 0.48 0.52 0.58 0.63 0.70 0.77 0.84 0.93Preliminary and Pre operative Expenses 48.47

Total Cost 912.34 1018.90 1046.98 1080.51 1115.14 1150.93 1187.91 1226.11 1265.60 1306.4086% 80% 79% 79% 78% 78% 77% 76% 76% 75%

Profit before Interest,depreciation and taxes 154.08 248.60 271.23 290.43 310.63 331.87 354.21 377.69 402.36 428.28

Depreciation 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39

Interest onTerm Loan 151.76 148.99 132.00 113.03 94.06 75.09 56.12 37.15 18.18 1.98W/C borrowing 31.65 37.55 38.91 40.32 41.78 43.30 44.87 46.50 48.18 49.93

Profit before Tax ‐92.73 ‐1.33 36.93 73.69 111.40 150.10 189.83 230.65 272.61 312.98

Provision for Tax 0.00 0.00 7.39 14.74 22.29 30.03 0.00 45.35 54.54 62.62

Profit after Tax ‐92.73 ‐1.33 29.54 58.95 89.11 120.07 189.83 185.30 218.06 250.36

Dividend 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Retained Profit ‐92.73 ‐1.33 29.54 58.95 89.11 120.07 189.83 185.30 218.06 250.36

Cumulative Retained Profit ‐92.73 ‐94.05 ‐64.51 ‐5.57 83.54 203.61 393.44 578.75 796.81 1047.17

Add: Depreciation & Other write offs 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39

Net Cash Accruals ‐29.34 62.06 92.93 122.34 152.50 183.46 253.22 248.69 281.45 313.75

Cumulative Cash Accruals ‐29.34 32.73 125.66 247.99 400.49 583.95 837.17 1085.87 1367.32 1681.07TAX CALCULATIONProfit Before Tax (PBT) ‐92.73 ‐1.33 36.93 73.69 111.40 150.10 189.83 230.65 272.61 312.98Add: Dep‐normal 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39Total ‐29.34 62.06 100.32 137.08 174.79 213.49 253.22 294.04 336.00 376.37Less: IT Dep 215.76 184.55 157.90 135.15 115.71 99.11 84.92 72.80 62.43 53.56

Taxable Profits under IT Act ‐245.10 ‐122.49 ‐57.58 1.93 59.08 114.38 168.30 221.25 273.57 322.81Carry forward of Losses ‐245.10 ‐245.10 ‐367.58 ‐425.16 ‐423.23 ‐364.15 ‐249.77 ‐81.47 0.00 0.00Total Taxable profits under IT Act ‐245.10 ‐367.58 ‐425.16 ‐423.23 ‐364.15 ‐249.77 ‐81.47 139.77 273.57 322.81

32.45%Prov. for Tax @32.445% ‐79.52 ‐119.26 ‐137.94 ‐137.32 ‐118.15 ‐81.04 ‐26.43 45.35 88.76 104.74(30% Tax + 5% SC.+ED Cess 3%) MAT @ 20.01% ‐18.55 ‐0.27 7.39 14.74 22.29 30.03 37.98 46.15 54.54 62.62(18.50% Tax+5% SC.+ED Cess 3%)

20.01%Income Tax payable 0.00 0.00 7.39 14.74 22.29 30.03 0.00 45.35 54.54 62.62(MAT or Income Tax whichever 74.19 138.60 139.40 105.18 63.07is higher)


PROJECTED CASH‐FLOW STATEMENT (Rs Lakhs)

Particulars Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Total

CASH INFLOW:Profit After Tax (92.73) (1.33) 29.54 58.95 89.11 120.07 189.83 185.30 218.06 250.36 1047.17Add back : Depreciation 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 633.90Prel. Expenses written off 48.47 48.47Increase in Current Liabilites 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00Term Loan Interest 151.76 148.99 132.00 113.03 94.06 75.09 56.12 37.15 18.18 1.98 828.36Equity / Unsecured loans 448.55 448.55Working Capital Loans 226.09 42.11 9.72 10.08 10.44 10.83 11.22 11.63 12.06 12.50 356.67Term Loans 1046.63 1046.63

Total Inflow 1495.18 399.98 253.16 234.65 245.44 257.00 269.37 320.56 297.48 311.69 328.22 4412.75

CASH OUTFLOW:Fixed Assets 1370.35 1370.35Term Loan Interest 151.76 148.99 132.00 113.03 94.06 75.09 56.12 37.15 18.18 1.98 828.36Term Loan Instalments 0.00 65.41 130.83 130.83 130.83 130.83 130.83 130.83 130.83 65.41 1046.63Working Capital 76.36 229.09 56.14 12.96 13.43 13.92 14.43 14.96 15.51 16.08 16.67 479.56Prel. Expenses 48.47

0.00Total Outflow 1495.18 380.85 270.55 275.79 257.29 238.81 220.35 201.91 183.49 165.09 84.06 3724.91

Opening balance 0.00 0.00 19.13 1.74 (39.40) (51.25) (33.06) 15.96 134.62 248.60 395.21 0.00Increase / decrease during the year 0.00 19.13 (17.39) (41.14) (11.85) 18.19 49.02 118.65 113.99 146.61 244.17 639.38Closing balance 0.00 19.13 1.74 (39.40) (51.25) (33.06) 15.96 134.62 248.60 395.21 639.38 639.38


CALCULATION OF DEBT SERVICE COVERAGE RATIOParticulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Total

Profit After Tax (92.73) (1.33) 29.54 58.95 89.11 120.07 189.83 185.30 218.06 250.36 1047.17Add back : Depreciation 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 63.39 633.90Prel. Expenses written off 48.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.47Term Loan Interest 151.76 148.99 132.00 113.03 94.06 75.09 56.12 37.15 18.18 1.98 828.36

Total 170.89 211.06 224.93 235.37 246.56 258.55 309.34 285.84 299.63 315.72 2557.89

Term Loan Interest 151.76 148.99 132.00 113.03 94.06 75.09 56.12 37.15 18.18 1.98 828.36Term Loan Instalments 0.00 65.41 130.83 130.83 130.83 130.83 130.83 130.83 130.83 65.41 1046.63

Total 151.76 214.41 262.83 243.86 224.89 205.92 186.95 167.98 149.01 67.39 1874.99

DSCR 1.13 0.98 0.86 0.97 1.10 1.26 1.65 1.70 2.01 4.68 1.36Average DSCR 1.36

Suryachakra Green Fuels Private LimitedPROJECTED BALANCE SHEETS

(Rs Lakhs)Particulars Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10

(Pre‐production)

LIABILITIES Equity / Unsecured Loans 448.55 448.55 448.55 448.55 448.55 448.55 448.55 448.55 448.55 448.55 448.55Retained Profit (92.73) (94.05) (64.51) (5.57) 83.54 203.61 393.44 578.75 796.81 1047.17Sundry Creditors 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Others 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00Working Capital Loans 226.09 268.20 277.92 287.99 298.44 309.26 320.48 332.11 344.17 356.67Term Loans 1046.63 1046.63 981.21 850.39 719.56 588.73 457.90 327.07 196.24 65.41 (0.00)

Total 1495.18 1631.55 1606.91 1515.34 1453.54 1422.26 1422.33 1492.55 1558.66 1658 1855

ASSETSFixed Assets (Gross Block) 1370.35 1370.35 1370.35 1370.35 1370.35 1370.35 1370.35 1370.35 1370.35 1370.35 1370.35 Less: Depreciation 63.39 126.78 190.17 253.56 316.95 380.34 443.73 507.12 570.51 633.90

1370.35 1306.96 1243.57 1180.18 1116.79 1053.40 990.01 926.62 863.23 799.85 736.46Net cash accruals 0.00 19.13 1.74 (39.40) (51.25) (33.06) 15.96 134.62 248.60 395.21 639.38Current Assets 76.36 305.46 361.60 374.56 387.99 401.91 416.35 431.31 446.82 462.90 479.56Prel. Expenses 48.47

Total 1495.18 1631.55 1606.91 1515.34 1453.54 1422.26 1422.33 1492.55 1558.66 1657.95 1855.40


CALCULATION OF BREAK EVEN POINT(Rs Lakhs)

Particulars 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10

SALES REVENUE 1066.41 1267.51 1318.21 1370.94 1425.77 1482.81 1542.12 1603.80 1667.95 1734.67Sales in Tons 126 144 144 144 144 144 144 144 144 144VARIABLE COSTS 766.32 902.07 929.13 957.00 985.71 1015.28 1045.74 1077.12 1109.43 1142.71CONTRIBUTION 300.09 365.44 389.08 413.93 440.06 467.52 496.37 526.69 558.53 591.96FIXED COSTS 316.98 275.76 261.14 244.68 228.32 212.07 195.92 179.88 163.96 150.92BREAK EVEN POINT : SALES REVENUE 1126.41 956.45 884.75 810.38 739.76 672.60 608.67 547.75 489.63 442.26Break Even in mill 133.51 109.01 96.96 85.39 74.95 65.53 57.02 49.34 42.41 36.83

Break Even %age 105.63% 75.46% 67.12% 59.11% 51.88% 45.36% 39.47% 34.15% 29.36% 25.50%94.67% 132.52% 148.99% 169.17% 192.74% 220.46% 253.36% 292.80% 340.65% 392.23%

INTERNAL RATE OF RETURNYear Net Cashflows

1 (1495) Investment2 154 PBIDT‐yearly3 2494 2715 2906 3117 3328 3549 37810 40211 428

IRR = 14%


SUMMARY

PARTICULARS Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10Installed Capacity (MW) 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 2.28 Capacity Utilisation ‐Plant Load Factor (%) 70% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80%Total Income 1066 1268 1318 1371 1426 1483 1542 1604 1668 1735PBDIT 154 249 271 290 311 332 354 378 402 428PBT (93) (1) 37 74 111 150 190 231 273 313PAT (93) (1) 30 59 89 120 190 185 218 250Depreciation 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63Prel & Preop Exp Write off 48Cash Profit 19 62 93 122 153 183 253 249 281 314Annual DSCR 1.13 0.98 0.86 0.97 1.10 1.26 1.65 1.70 2.01 4.68Overall DSCR 1.36Annual Cash Flow DSCR 1.13 0.92 0.84 0.95 1.08 1.24 1.63 1.68 1.98 4.62Overall DSCR 1.34PBIDT/Total Income 14% 20% 21% 21% 22% 22% 23% 24% 24% 25%PAT / Total Income ‐9% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 12% 12% 13% 14%Equity Capital 449 449 449 449 449 449 449 449 449 449Networth 356 355 384 443 532 652 842 1027 1245 1496DER 2.94 2.77 2.21 1.62 1.11 0.70 0.39 0.19 0.05 (0.00)TOL / TNW 3.59 3.53 2.95 2.28 1.67 1.18 0.77 0.52 0.33 0.24FACR 1.25 1.27 1.39 1.55 1.79 2.16 2.83ROCE 11% 19% 22% 25% 28% 30% 30% 31% 31% 29%Return on capital ‐21% 0% 7% 13% 20% 27% 42% 41% 49% 56%Overall Interest Coverage Ratio 0.84 1.33 1.59 1.89 2.29 2.80 3.51 4.52 6.06 8.25Current Ratio 1.42 1.34 1.19 1.16 1.22 1.38 1.75 2.08 2.47 3.11IRR 14%


COST PROJECTIONS ‐ RAW MATERIALSRs. Lakhs

Particulars

Capacity Utilisation 70.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0% 80.0%Power Generated in lakh Kwh 126.40 144.46 144.46 144.46 144.46 144.46 144.46 144.46 144.46 144.46

Fuel RequirementFuel required in Kg per Kwh 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 Biomass requirement MT 15,800.40 18,057.60 18,057.60 18,057.60 18,057.60 18,057.60 18,057.60 18,057.60 18,057.60 18,057.60

Cost of BiomassAgri Residues, Forestry Wastes and Coconut Res 100.00% 4850

Transportation 0.00% 0

Cost of biomass Rs per MT 4850With 3% increase in the cost per anum 4850 4996 5145 5300 5459 5622 5791 5965 6144 6328

Total 766.32 902.07 929.13 957.00 985.71 1015.28 1045.74 1077.12 1109.43 1142.71

GRAND TOTAL 766.32 902.07 929.13 957.00 985.71 1015.28 1045.74 1077.12 1109.43 1142.71


WORKING CAPITAL PROJECTIONS:No. of

Particulars monthsrequirement

Current AssetsRaw Material / Fuel 2 127.72 150.34 154.85 159.50 164.29 169.21 174.29 179.52 184.90 190.45

Receivables 2 177.74 211.25 219.70 228.49 237.63 247.13 257.02 267.30 277.99 289.11

Sub total 305.46 361.60 374.56 387.99 401.91 416.35 431.31 446.82 462.90 479.56

Current LiabilitiesSundry Creditors 0% ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Others 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

Sub Total 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

Working Capital Gap 302.46 358.60 371.56 384.99 398.91 413.35 428.31 443.82 459.90 476.56W/C Margin 25% 76.36 90.40 93.64 97.00 100.48 104.09 107.83 111.70 115.72 119.89

MPBF 226.09 268.20 277.92 287.99 298.44 309.26 320.48 332.11 344.17 356.67

Rate of IntWorking Capital Interest 14.00% 31.65 37.55 38.91 40.32 41.78 43.30 44.87 46.50 48.18 49.93

Year 7 Year 8

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8

Year 9 Year 10

Year 9 Year 10

Year 5 Year 6Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

Details of Principal - Interest Payments on Term Loans

Amount borrowed Rs. Croresfrom the Inst./Banks 1046.63Rate of Interest: 14.50%Monthly instalment 10.90

Rs. LakhsAPR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR TOTAL

Month-1 Month-2 Month-3 Month-4 Month-5 Month-6 Month-7 Month-8 Month-9 Month-10 Month-11 Month-12Year 1 FY Opening Balance 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63

Addition during the month 0.00Installment during the month 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Closing Balance 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63Interest for the month 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.65 151.76

Year 2 FY Opening Balance 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1035.73 1024.82 1013.92 1003.02 992.12 1046.63Addition during the month 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Installment during the month 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 65.41Closing Balance 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1046.63 1035.73 1024.82 1013.92 1003.02 992.12 981.21 981.21Interest for the month 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.65 12.52 12.38 12.25 12.12 11.99 11.86 148.99

Year 3 FY Opening Balance 981.21 970.31 959.41 948.51 937.60 926.70 915.80 904.90 893.99 883.09 872.19 861.29 981.21Addition during the month 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Installment during the month 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 130.83Closing Balance 970.31 959.41 948.51 937.60 926.70 915.80 904.90 893.99 883.09 872.19 861.29 850.39 850.39Interest for the month 11.72 11.59 11.46 11.33 11.20 11.07 10.93 10.80 10.67 10.54 10.41 10.28 132.00








Mar‐12 Mar‐13 Mar‐14 Mar‐15 Mar‐16 Mar‐17 Mar‐18 Mar‐19 Mar‐20 Mar‐21Interest 151.76 148.99 132.00 113.03 94.06 75.09 56.12 37.15 18.18 1.98 828.36Installments 0.00 65.41 130.83 130.83 130.83 130.83 130.83 130.83 130.83 65.41 1046.63

Depreciation Calculation As Per Companies Act and Income Tax Act.Rs.In Crores

Depreciation as per Companies Act:

Description Total Cost Rate DepreciationRs. Cr % Rs. Cr

Buildings 230.00 3.34 7.68

Plant & Machinery& Fixed assets 1055.07 5.28 55.71

Total 1285.07 63.39

IT Depreciation Calculation: (WDV Basis) Buildings: Total Cost: 230.00 Rate: 10.00

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total WDV 230.00 207.00 186.30 167.67 150.90 135.81 122.23 110.01 99.01 89.11

Depreciation 23.00 20.70 18.63 16.77 15.09 13.58 12.22 11.00 9.90 8.91 149.80

Plant And Machinery: Total cost: 1285.07 Rate: 15.00

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 WDV 1285.07 1092.31 928.46 789.19 670.82 570.19 484.66 411.96 350.17 297.64

Depreciation 192.76 163.85 139.27 118.38 100.62 85.53 72.70 61.79 52.53 44.65 1032.07

Total Depreciation 215.76 184.55 157.90 135.15 115.71 99.11 84.92 72.80 62.43 53.56 1181.88

BIOMASS ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT

FOR

2.28 MW BIOMASS BASED POWER PROJECT

AT

ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS

SURYACHAKRA GREEN FUELS PRIVATE LIMITED

HYDERABAD

Prepared by

AQUATHERM ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS (INDIA) PVT. LTD.

CHENNAI – 600 004

INDIA

Table of Contents

Sl No. Description Page No.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 01 1. INTRODUCTION 03 1.1 Back Ground 03 1.2 Objective 04 1.3 Study Area 04 2. PROFILE OF ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS 06 2.1 Demographic features 06 2.2 Soil 10 2.3 Climate 10 2.4 Fresh water for availability 12 2.5 Economic Censes 12 2.6 Banking 13 2.7 LPG Connections 14 2.8 Industries 15 2.9 Power 16 3. BIOMASS SOURCES 18 3.1 Agriculture Activities 18 3.1.1 Paddy(Rice) 21 3.1.2 Coconut 22 3.1.3 Arecanut Plantations 24 3.2 Forest 25 3.2.1 Outturn of Major Forest Produce 26 3.3 Biomass From Fresh & Empty Fruit Bunches 29 4. SURPLUS BIOMASS & PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 32


1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Suryachakra Power Corporation Limited presently owns and operates 20 MW Diesel based Power

Plant at Bamboo flat, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and proposes to establish a Biomass

based power plants in the Andaman & Nicobar islands as diesel power generation is costly and the

potential biomass as renewable energy has not yet been utilized to any measure in the A&N

Islands. .

Suryachakra Power Corporation Limited[SPCL], supported by a broad based Board of Directors,

has been successfully operating a diesel based 20 MW Power Plant at Port Blair, A&N Islands,

India. The project was launched with Technical Collaboration from M/s Caterpillar, USA and M/s

BSES (now Reliance Energy Ltd) and was funded by SREI and SBI, IFB, Kolkata. The project was

implemented by M/s BSES as an EPC Contractor. The main equipment was supplied by M/s KAK

Motoren GmBH, Germany, a division of M/s Caterpillar International Power Systems and a

subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc, USA. O & M was undertaken by M/s.Caterpillar Commercial Pvt.

Ltd. Fuel supply was linked with M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited, under fuel linkage clearance

from Ministry of Petroleum. The Plant has been supplying uninterrupted power supply to

Port Blair, since April 2003

SPCL is a ISO: 9001-2000 certified company with a license to trade in electricity. The company is

on a massive drive for expansion of its activities and is in the process of setting up of 2x10MW

Bio-mass based power plants at Chattisgarh and Maharashtra. Presently, SPCL is in the process of

setting up of a 1000 MW Natural Gas based Power Plant and a Petrochemicals Complex at

Bhairavalanka, E.G.District, Andhra Pradesh.

As part of its expansion drive in the power sector, SPCL by virtue of its close association and

acquaintance with the Andaman & Nicobar island resources and requirements, appointed

M/s. Aquatherm Engineering Consultants India (P) Ltd., to conduct a Biomass Assessment Study

in the Andaman & Nicobar islands for setting up of Biomass plants at Garacharma, Dundas point near Jetty Village Bambooflat, South Andaman near Bambooflat, Hope Town Jetty.


2

A detailed assessment of the identified sources of biomass generation – agriculture, plantation and

timber cuttings and saw dust has been made. The surplus biomass availability has been ascertained

from the following observations:


As about 1.32 kg can be converted into 1 unit of power generation. Therefore, the available surplus

biomass of 1,83,166 MTs can support a power generation unit of an installed capacity of 17.5 MW.

Based on the estimates, Suryachakra Green Fuels Private Limited, proposes to install 2.28 MW

biomass based power plant in the islands by supplementing the biomass with the following net fuel

ratio:

Particulars % Net Fuel Ratio

Napier Grass 50%

Bio mass 25%

Wood Chips/ Empty Fruit

Bunches or other bio mass

25%

The woodchips may be imported from main land or from neighboring countries such as Malaysia,

Indonesia etc. Therefore, it may summarized that the availability of biomass is not a constraint for

the setting up of a 2.28 MW biomass power plants at Garacharma, Dundas point near Jetty Village Bambooflat, South Andaman near Bambooflat, Hope Town Jetty.

S.No Source Quantity [MTs] 1 Crop residue 57135 2 Paddy husk 5832 3 Coconut fronds 56610 4 Coconut husk 40000 5 Coconut shells 10680 6 Arecanut 2589 7 Timber lops /saw dust 10320

Total 1,83166


3

1. INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Back ground

From time immemorial man has been dependent on nature's bounty of Forest Wealth,

Agricultural Wastes, Fossil fuels to cater to his energy needs. With time and increasing

sophistication in his standard of living especially in the current century he has become more

and more dependent on electricity for running the wheels of his civilization. Most of the

electricity till now is generated from fossil fuels in large power plants using coal, oil or by

nuclear fuels. However, continuously increasing use of fossil fuels has dangerously depleted

the availability of these natural resource. It has further seriously strained our national

economy through recurring payments to meet the bills incurred on the import of oil and

other fossil fuels required to sustain the ever increasing demand requirements. As on date

the price of petrol in the international markets is hovering around US$ 70 to 75 per barrel.

Faced with these constraints of energy availability and usage, man has been earnestly

exploring for effective utilization of alternate energy sources like the sun, wind, biomass,

gober gas, municipal and agricultural waste to fulfill his energy needs.

With a view of recovering and utilizing Biomass energy to cater to the demands of power

generation and to supplement the existing power capacity to meet the increasing power

demand of South Andaman M/s. Suryachakra Green Fuels Private Limited has entrusted

M/s. Aquatherm Ltd to study and assess the surplus quantity of Biomass and other available

fuels. This report will provide the basic information required for assessing the availability of

biomass.

1.2 Objective

The objectives of the biomass assessment study are: (i) To identify different types of biomass being generated in different islands and their

suitability for power generation.


4

(ii) To study the production, consumption and surplus availability of biomass in the area of interest.

(ii) To make quantitative assessment and estimation of various types of Biomass availability along with details of present use of such biomass.

(iv) Also, highlight the availability and import of wood chips from main land and neighboring countries Malaysia and/or Indonesia to supplement the available biomass and ensure sustainability of the power generation.

1.3 Study area

The availability of Biomass from different services in different islands is compiled to

determine the capacity of power plant that may be established and operated on a continuous

basis at Garacharma, Dundas point near Jetty Village Bambooflat, South Andaman near

Bambooflat, Hope Town Jetty. The length of the Andamans is 467 km with an average

width of 24 km, whereas the maximum width is 52 km. The length of the Nicobar Islands is

259 kms with a maximum width of 58 kms.

Therefore, the available sources of biomass have been considered as Andaman & Nicobar

Islands. However, it may be noted that most of the population is settled in and around Port

Blair.

1. Major sources of biomass are the wood based industries. Agricultures is a significant source only in certain areas, especially in the Nicobar group of islands.

2. Even among the wood based industries, only the larger ones show potential. The smaller ones are facing an uncertain future with the Forest Department curtailing supply of wood to the entire industry.

[

3. The difficulty, however, in the case of the above biomass, is unlike in the mainland, where these wastes have some commercial value and therefore a collection, transporting and a trading channel, none exists in these islands. Therefore, a mechanism to collect these wastes is required.

4. In addition, any collection mechanism has to take into account accessibility of the

area or island. However, in general, biomass from agriculture is concentrated in an narrow area within an island.

5. In Great Nicobar, where some potential exists for using the biomass generated from

coconut and arecanut plantations, the farmers and traders are more interested in copra dryers than in producing power from waste.


5

2. PROFILE OF ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS

2. PROFILE OF ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS 2.1 Demographic features

Andaman & Nicobar Islands [A & N] is one of the Union Territories of the Republic of

India. A&N islands are situated in Bay of Bengal spreading like a broken necklace in the

North-South direction and are located between 6° 45" and 13° 41" North latitudes, and

between 92° 12" and 93° 57" East longitude. Islands located north of 10° N latitude are

known as Andaman group of Islands while islands located south of 10° N latitude are called

Nicobar Islands. Total geographic area of islands cover 8249 sq.km of which Andaman

group of islands cover 6408 sq.km and Nicobar group cover 1841 sq.km.

The length of the Andamans is 467 km with an average width of 24 km, whereas the

maximum width is 52 KM. The length of the Nicobar Islands is 259 KM with a maximum

width of 58 KM.

The Andaman & Nicobar Islands are administratively divided into two districts and are

physically separated by the 145Km wide 10o channel. The total geographic area of the

Islands is 8249 Sq. Km. Of this the Andamans has anarea of 6408 Sq. Km. and the Nicobars

1841 Sq. Km. (Table 1.1)

The Andaman district is divided into 5 tehsils namely, Diglipur, Mayabunder, Rangat,

South Andaman and Little Andaman. The South Andaman is further bifurcated into Port

Blair and Ferragunj tehsils. The six tehsils are comsposited into three blocks. The North

Andaman block includes Diglipur tehsil and part of the Mayabunder tehsil and comprises

63 inhabited villages. The Middle Andaman consists of [part of Mayabunder and the Rangat

Tehsils] with about 100 inhabited villages. The South Andaman block comprises 157

inhabited villages drawn from the Ferrargunj, Port Blair and Little Andaman tehsils.


6

Administratively A& N islands are classified into 2 districts- Andaman district and Nicobar

district. These two districts have four [4] sub-divisions and 7 tehsils. There are three [3]

towns in the islands. Out of the total 556 islands and islets only 38 islands are inhabited.

A&N islands are classified

S.No. Particulars Unit 2001 1. Total Area Sq.km 8249 a. Andaman District “ 6408 b. Nicobar District “ 1841 2. Urban Area “ 16.64 3. Rural Area “ 8232.36

S.No. Particulars Unit 2001

1. Sub-Divison-Wise Area Sq.Km a. Mayabunder “ 3428 b. South Andaman “ 2980 c. Car Nicobar “ 129 d. Nancowry “ 1712 2. Tahsil-Wise Area a. Diglipur “ 884 b. Mayabunder “ 1348 c. Rangat “ 1070 d. Ferrargunj “ 1085 e. Port Blair “ 2021 f. Car Nicobar “ 129 g. Nancowry “ 1712

Population. Almost every state of the country has been represented in the population of these islands. Indeed, it is truly a miniature India. The total population as per the 1991 census is about 2,80,661. Of this 2,05,706 is rural and the rest is urban. Of the total population about 2,41,453 (86%) is in the Andaman group of islands. The Nicobars account for 39,208 (14%), all of which is rural.

Unlike the mainland, the density of population (no. of people per Sq. Km.) is very low. However, in the last two decades, the pressure of population has begun to rise


7


8

Area wise population

The total population of the A& N islands as per 2001 census was 3,56,152 . The details of the population as rural and urban population and also district wise and Tehsil wise distribution are explained in the following tables.

Population Details

Sl.No. Particulars Unit 1981 1991 2001 1 2 3 4 5 6

1. TOTAL POPULATION No. 188741 280661 356152 a. Male “ 107261 154369 192972 b. Female “ 81480 126292 163180 2. RURAL POPULATION “ 139107 205706 239954 a. Male “ 78401 111986 128961 b. Female “ 60706 93720 110993 3. URBAN POPULATION “ 49634 74955 116198 a. Male “ 28860 42383 64011 b. Female “ 20774 32572 52187 4. SCHEDULED TRIBE

POPULATION “ 22361 26770 29469 a. Male “ 11586 13750 15127 b. Female “ 10775 13020 14342

District wise population

Sl.No. Particulars Unit 1981 1991 2001 1. Andaman District No. 158287 241453 314084 a. Male “ 90446 133058 170319 b. Female “ 67841 108395 143765 2. Nicobar District “ 30454 39208 42068 a. Male “ 16815 21311 22653 b. Female “ 13639 17897 19415 3. TAHSIL-WISE

POPULATION “ a. Diglipur “ 15702 23734 42877 b. Mayabunder “ 13954 21570 23912 c. Rangat “ 24289 33368 38824 d. Ferrargunj “ 28013 39277 48626 e. Port Blair “ 76329 123504 159845 f. Car Nicobar “ 15486 19336 20292 g. Nancowry “ 14968 19872 21776


9

4. LITERATE POPULATION “ 97321 171086 253135

a. Male “ 62983 103377 146831 b. Female “ 34338 67709 106304 5. SEX RATIO “ 760 818 846 6. DENSITY OF

POPULATION “ 23 34 43 7. WORKING

POPULATION “ 69612 98901 136254 a. Male “ 60828 82317 109162 b. Female “ 8784 16584 27092 8. MAIN WORKERS “ 62680 90807 113607 a. Male “ 58549 80665 97349 b. Female “ 4131 10142 16258 9. MARGINAL

WORKERS “ 6932 8094 22647 a. Male “ 2279 1652 11813 b. Female “ 4653 6442 10834 10. NON-WORKERS “ 119129 181760 219898 a. Male “ 464333 72052 83810 b. Female “ 72696 109708 136088

2.2 Soil

The soil cover is thin, varying from 2m to 5m. It is mostly alluvial on hill-tops and diluvial

In ridges and valleys. The coastal flats have an admixture of sand, silt clay and diluvial

material with fine fragments of coral lime. The soil is in general, mild to moderately

acidic with high humus on top.

2.3 Climate

The A&N Islands are situated in the tropical zone and experience a tropical humid

climate. However the land and sea breezes that are characteristic of islands keep the weather

pleasant. These islands have a tropical climate, which is warm, moist and equable. The

mean minimum temperature and maximum temperature recorded during the year 2005 were

24.3 and 30.5 respectively. The proximity of the sea and the abundant rainfall prevent

extremes of heat. The normal rainfall at port Blair is 3180 mm and the actual rainfall

recorded during the year 2005 was 3773.8 mm. The rainfall details at port Blair during the

period 2002 and 2005 are as mentioned below:


10

Year wise Rainfall at Port Blair [A&N Islands]

S.No Year Rainfall[mm]

1 2002 2617.4

2 2003 2443

3 2004 3188.7

4 2005 3773.8

Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, A&N Islands

Rainfall at Various Stations

Actual Rainfall(mm.) Station 2002 2003 2004

Mayabunder 3571.1 2658.2 2836.2 Long Island NA NA 1583.3 Port Blair 2617.4 2443 3188.7 Hut Bay 1575.5 2642.4 2446.3 Car Nicobar 1661.1 2657.1 1772.2 Nancowry 2240.8 2101.7 2422.2 Kondul 2056.4 2548.7 2599.0

Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, A&N Islands

The average rainfall is received from southwest and northeast monsoons, which extend over

a period of eight months.

The average mean relative humidity at port Blair during the year 2005 was 88.5%. The

humidity is high and ranges between varying from 66 to 88% during a year. In normal

conditions the mean wind speed is 5.8 km per hour. The wind speeds are high during May

to September period, even touching 12 to 14 kms per hour. It ranges from 4.2 kms per hour

during October to 6.6 kms per hour during December before dipping to about 3.5 kms per

hour during March- April.

2.4 Fresh water for availability:

The physiography of these islands is characterized by undulating topography and

intervening valleys. There are, however, some flat islands like Car Nicobar and Trinket.

There is no major perennial fresh water river in these islands except Kalpong in North-

Andaman, Alexendra, Dagmar, Galathia rivers in Great Nicobar. There are several rain fed


11

streams which dry up in summer. The coastal line of these islands is wavy with large

number of bays, lagoons, serpentine creeks and extend to about 1961 KM. At several

places tidal creeks perpetrates for inside the land and farm out lets for fresh water streams.

2.5 Economic Censes

The summary of economic Censes [1998] is presented as below:

Rural Urban Combined Type of Enterprises Number % Number % Number % Agricultural Activities

1.All Enterprises a)Own Account Enterprises b)Establishments

353 241 112

92.4191.6394.12

29 22 7

7.59 8.37 5.88

382 263 119

100 100 100

2.Persons Usually Working a)Own Account Enterprises b)Establishments i. Total ii. Hired

894 395 499 468

91.8891.22 92.4193.91

79 38 41 33

8.12 8.78 7.59 6.59

973 433

540 501

100 100 100 100

Non – agricultural Activities 1.All Enterprises a) Own Account Enterprises b) Establishments

8522 5791 2731

63.8774.5249.01

4821 1980 2841

36.13 25.48 50.99

13343 7771 5572

100 100 100

2. Persons Usually Working a)Own Account Enterprises b)Establishments i. Total ii. Hired

36514 12305 24209 23011

59.2181.21 52.0353.25

25156 2835 22321 20203

40.79 18.73 47.97 46.75

61670 15140

46530 43214

100 100 100 100

Agriculture & None-agriculture Activities

1.All Enterprises a) Own Account Enterprises b) Establishments

8875 6032 2843

64.6675.0849.96

4850 2002 2848

35.34 24.92 50.04

13725 8034 5691

100 100 100

2. Persons Usually Working a)Own Account Enterprises b)Establishments i. Total ii. Hired

37408 12700 24708 23479

59.7281.55 52.4953.71

25235 2873 22362 20236

40.28 18.75 47.51 46.29

62643 15573

47070 43715

100 100 100 100


12

2.6 Banking

The details of all India financial institutions, commercial banks, and cooperative banks

operating from A& N are mentioned below

Details of Banks

Sl. No. Name of Bank No. of

Offices/Branches 2005

A. ALL INDIA FINANCE INSTITUTION 1. National Bank of Agriculture & Rural

Development(NABARD) 1

2. Housing & Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO) 1

B. COMMERCIAL BANK 1. State Bank of India 20 i).Total Branches 18

Andaman Dist.=16 Nicobar Dist. = 2

ii).Total Offices a) Lead Bank Office. b) Regional Office.

2

2. Syndicate Bank 5 3. Canara Bank 1 4. Indian Bank 1 5. Punjab National Bank 1 6. UCO Bank 1 7. Indian Overseas Bank 1 8. Allahabad Bank 1 9. United Bank of India 1 10. Vijaya Bank 1 11. Bank of Baroda 1

C. CO-OPERATIVE BANK 1. UTI Bank 1

D. CO-OPERATIVE BANK 1. A & N State Co-Operative Bank Ltd. 30

Andaman Dist.=25 Nicobar Dist. = 5


13

2.7.1 LPG Connections

The usage of Liquefied petroleum Gas [LPG] is an important parameter which can

contribute in the estimation of biomass that may be available by taking into account the

domestic fuel wood consumption

LPG Connections

LPG Connections during 2005 S.l. No. Particulars Andaman

District Nicobar District Total

1. No. of New Connection released (Consumers) Urban 1705 189 1894 Rural 2898 --- 2898 Total 4603 189 4792 2. No.of Connections (Consumers) Transferred from Mainland Urban 926 --- 926 Rural --- --- --- Total 926 --- 926 3. Total Connections (Consumers) Released during 2005 Urban 2631 189 2820 Rural 2898 --- 2898 Total 5529 189 5718

2.8 Industries

The details of industries as large, medium or small and the industrial centers or estates that

are established in the islands are in the A&N islands are presented in the following sections.

No. of Industries in Andaman & Nicobar Islands (As on)

Type 31.3.01 31.3.02 31.3.04 31.12.05 Large/Medium Scale Industries 5 5 5 5

Small Scale Industries 1361 1421 1536 1747

Industrial Centre 15 10 10 15 Industrial Estate 6 7 7 7


14

Industries Unit (No)

2.8 POWER

Diesel, kerosene and fuel wood are the major sources of energy in the Islands. Of this diesel is

used in power generation and transport (both by water and road), kerosene for cooking and fuel

wood for industrial and domestic uses.

Electricity is generated in the Islands mainly by the Department of Electricity. Some power is

also generated by the defense services and by some industries for their own use. Almost the

entire electricity generated is by diesel generators. The total installed capacity in the Islands is

about 29.829 MW and the total units generated were 7,44,34,403 KWh. This works out to a

plant load factor The overall specific fuel consumption in the Islands for power generation is

about 0.30 l/kWh. This means on an average about 65 KL of diesel is consumed per day for

power production alone by the Department of Electricity. The purchase price of diesel from

Indian Oil Corporation is about Rs.9.56 per litre of diesel. The landed rate at the different

islands, however, could vary depending on distance, mode of transport, accessibility. On an

average, as per the Department of Electricity the landed cost works out to Rs.11 per litre of

diesel. Thus the daily outgo on account of diesel alone is Rs.7.15 lacs or Rs.26 crore per year.

This section presents the installed capacities, generation and consumption, status of electrified

villages and the Tehsil wise villages no of villages that have been electrified.

2001-02(As on 31.3.2002) 2002-03(As on 31.3.2003) Type South

Andaman Middle Andaman

North Andaman

Nicobar Islands

Total South Andaman

Middle Andaman

North Andaman

Nicobar Islands

Total

Wood Based 181 23 30 4 238 182 23 31 5 241 Agro Based 89 16 9 13 127 91 17 9 16 133 Marine Based 52 3 4 3 62 54 3 4 3 64 Food Based 69 14 11 9 103 72 16 12 10 110 Mineral Based 62 6 6 - 74 63 6 9 - 78 Chemical Based 39 - - - 39 39 - - - 39 Engineering Based 277 13 8 2 300 290 19 11 4 324 Leather Based 8 1 - - 9 8 1 - - 9 Textile Based 88 5 3 1 97 93 8 3 4 108 Coir Based 2 - - - 2 2 - - - 2 Miscellaneous 275 59 31 5 370 299 74 43 7 423 Total 1142 139 103 371 1421 1193 167 122 49 1531


15

Installed Capacity Installed Capacity KW 64045 Generation KWH 157589961 Consumption KWH 112896344 Village Electrified (No.) 317

From the table it may be noted that 317 villages heve been electrified and that the installed capacity is only around 64 MW.

Electricity Generation in Urban/Rural Area Generation (KWH) Year Urban Rural A&N Islands

2001-02 94331869 37588839 131920708 2002-03 100075333 38529331 138604664 2003-04 117789952 39800009 157589961

Electricity Consumption in Urban (Headquarter)/ Rural Area

Generation (KWH) Year Urban Rural A&N Islands 2001-02 70325041 27084176 97409217 2002-03 73545741 28230361 101768102 2003-04 84613470 28282874 112896344

The following table presents the year wise generation and consumption of power

Generation & Consumption 2002-03 2003-04

Installed Cap (KW)

Generation (KWH)

Consumption (KWH)

Installed Cap (In KW)

Generation (KWH)

Consumption (KWH)

36762 128102110 93508875 56189 139383537 104572788 7293 10501554 8259227 7856 18200424 8323556 44055 138604664 101768102 64045 157589961 112896344

District-Wise/ Tehsil-wise No of Electrified Villages

No. of Villages Electrified as on District/Tahsil 31.3.02 31.3.03 31.3.04 Diglipur 31 31 30 Mayabunder 48 48 37 Rangat 68 68 49 Port Blair 83 83 44 Ferrargunj 78 78 59 Andaman District 308 308 219 Car Nicobar 16 16 16 Nancowry 155 155 82 Nicobar District 171 171 98 Total A & N Islands 479* 479* 317


16

3. BIOMASS SOURCES

3 BIOMASS

The possible sources of biomass in the district are

A. Agriculture and plantation B. Forest cuttings and wood based industries

3.1 Agriculture Activities

As mentioned earlier, the soil is mostly an admixture of sand, silty clay and diluvial with

fine fragments of coal lime. It is mild to moderately acidic with high humus on top.

Agriculture is mostly dependent on rainfall as there are no perennial rivers and no canal

system. As there are abundant rains, about 3000mm spread over 8 months in a year there is

enough opportunity for agriculture development.

Land use pattern is available only for Andaman Group of islands. Total geographical area of

Andaman & Nicobar islands put together is around 8,24,900 Hectares out of which the land

under forest is 7,17,069 hectares and the area under cultivation is about 50,000 hectares. Of

the total geographic area of the islands nearly 87% is under forest cover. Most striking

feature of the islands apart from sea and beaches is its forest wealth.

The fallow land area is 1632 hectares.

Land Utilization of Andaman District (As per Agriculture Census 1990-91)

Sl.No. Type of Land Unit 1990-91 1. Culturable Waste Hect 1241.645 2. Current Fallow Land “ 1136.236 3. Other Fallow Land “ 3854.808 4. Net Cropped Area “ 19182.276 5. Total Cropped Area “ 20318.512


17

Paddy is cultivated in10734.92 hectares and coconut cultivation is done in 25661 hectares.

Paddy is the major crop with an output of 29,192.23 MT. The recovery of rice is about 60%

and the approximate production of rice husk and bran is 9,921MT. As per the average crop

residue ratios, the crop residue for paddy is estimated as 1.5 times the produce. The quantity

has been included in the biomass residues from crops.

The year wise production details of crops and the estimated biomass that may be generated

from the available data have been presented in the following sections.


21

The Zone-wise Area & production of different crops during the period 2004-2005 are as listed below:

YEAR WISE AREA AND PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT CROPS

Source: Department of Agriculture, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

S. NO.

Name of Crop 2000- 2001 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Area(Ha) Prodn[MTs] Area(Ha) Prodn[MTs] Area(Ha) Prodn[MTs] Area(Ha) Prodn[MTs] Area(Ha) Prodn[MTs] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1. Paddy 10881 32184 9801 27333 10885 32111.66 10561.37 30850.868 10734.92 29192.230 2. Pulses 670 449 420 200 1282.46 641.23 696.15 360.63 710.40 368.546 3. Oil Seeds 133 55 46 25 85.10 40.31 86.29 35.81 90.30 46.608 4. Vegetables 4244 25465 4250 21250 5572.67 31226.41 4730.70 23760.00 5738.24 22768.217 5. Coconut

[mill nuts] 25160 89 25205 89.68 25300 94.32

25394.74 95.24

25551.40 87.13

6. Arecanut 4354 7200 4354 7300 4363 7350 4379 6707 4425.37 4781.05 7. Fruits 4087 21000 4136 22350 4196 22141.02 4527 26062 4083.37 23436.23 8. Pepper 430 83 450 85.50 550 116 572.50 120.23 655 120.22 9. Clove 94 4.00 95 4.09 123.81 56 187.70 8.50 195.95 11.63 10. Cinnamon 50 6.60 53 6.99 57 798 80.20 11.25 103.44 14.43 11. Cashew

nut 800 219 800 225 800 232 833.50 234.64 800.00 223.00

Total 50906 86758.6 49615 78875.26 53222.04 94814.95 52058.15 88256.168 53099.38 81061.29


22

Year-wise Biomass Generation

[MTs]

S. No. Crop 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 1. Paddy 48167.49 46276.3 43788.345

2. Pulses 961.845 540.945 552.819

3. Oil Seeds 60.465 53.715 69.912

4. Vegetables 46839.62 35640 34152.3255

5. Fruits 33211.53 39093 35154.345

6. Pepper 174 180.345 180.33

7 Clove 84 12.75 17.445

8 Cinnamon 1197 16.875 21.645

9. Cashewnut 348 351.96 334.5

Total 142210.4 132369.3 114271

From the above table, the availability of biomass from the agricultural crops excluding coconut and arecanut is 1,14,271 MTs per year. Therefore, taking into account of more than 50% consumption for existing purposes of cattle feed and other utilization pattern, 57135 MTs of crop residues has been considered to be available. The most important source of Biomass for the power generation is from Agriculture and Plantations. Zone wise Area and production of different crops for 2004-05 are given below. Detailed study on the major agricultural crops has been made by a team of experts. A. Paddy B. Coconut plantations C. Arecanut D. Jatropha

3.1.1 Paddy (Rice):

Paddy is cultivated during rainy season. Harvesting is done by cutting the panicle (ear that bears the grain) leaving the straw in the field. The average productivity is only 2.95 tons per hectare. In view of the current practice of harvesting only the panicle the Biomass from this source is very limited. As there are no rice mills for paddy milling there is not single point source for rice husk.

Even otherwise also the husk generation from 10000 MT of paddy will be about 2000 MT. Based on the paddy cultivation quantity of 29192.230 MTs per year, the estimated husk availability is 5832 MTs per year.


23

3.1.2 Coconut:

The important source of Biomass is coconut plantations. The total area under coconut cultivation in A&N Islands is 25160 hectares. The average productivity is about 3500 nuts per hectare. The actual production of nuts during the year 2004-2005 was 89 million nuts. There is one unit M/s Integrated Coco Products Pvt Limited, which is consuming whole coconuts for producing coconut based products. The purchase price of coconut is about Rs.5 per nut. The main Biomass from coconut plantations is from:

A. Fronds

B. Husk

C. Shells

A. Fronds:

Fronds are palm leaves that are shed periodically. On an average a palm sheds 10 to 12 fronds per year. The average weight of dried frond is about 2.5 to 3.0 kg. Every hectare of plantation would produce on an average 4.5 Ton dry fronds. Total availability of Biomass due to this source (fronds) is estimated as below: 4.5 tons per hectare x Area in hectares 25160 = 1,13,220 MTs per year.

As there is no system of collection of these fronds, the fronds are left on the soil for decomposing and making the land fertile. By providing proper returns part of this Biomass can be a source of employment for the rural population. Even if 50% can be collected the Biomass from this source is about 56,610 MTs of biomass would be additionally available. An effective collection mechanism and effort is needed to collect the fronds.

B. Husk:

Husk is protective covering made up of fibers that surrounds the coconut. It is 4'f"b removed to expose the nut. The average weight of sun dried husk is about 450 gms. Therefore the total 'production of husk from 8,90,00,000 would be about 40,000 MT per year. This biomass is not being of any use and most of it is dumped in the fields. Hence this source can be treated as available Biomass.

C. Shells:

Shell is the hard covering that protects the kennel inside. The coconut size in Andaman is

large as compared to those generally available at other places in mainland and therefore

shells are also large. The average weight of shells of one coconut is about 200 gm. At

present these shells are used for drying the coconuts to copra in kilns (Bhattis). A variety of


24

crude methods are adopted to convert coconuts to copra. In the Nicobar tribal areas the husk

on the coconut is removed first. Then the coconut is broken to two halves. They are placed

on a grill about 3 ft. above the ground. Coconut shells are placed underneath the grill and

set fire to. The slow heat from the burning shells dries the coconut kernel into copra. The

quality of copra so produced is poor as it is susceptible to fungus growth. This process takes

3 to 6 days and each batch having 500 to 600 coconuts.

In another method is shells are heated in a closed kiln using shells to give the heat for

drying. About 1500 to 1700 shells are required to dry about 5000 broken nuts. Therefore the

net requirement of shells in the process is 30 to 40%. Therefore, 60% of he shells produced

are wasted and this quantity can be used as Biomass for the power generation. Total

quantity of shells produced in the Islands is estimated as below;

Total Qty. of Shells = No of nuts 8,90,00,000 X 0.2 MTs

1000

= 17800MT per year

After deducting the quantity of shells used for drying, the quantity available for power

generation is 60% of the above = 10680 MT per year.

Therefore, the total quantity of biomass available from coconut plantation, after taking into account the present utilization and consumption pattern, and considered as available for power generation is summarized as below:

S. No Biomass Source Quantity[MTs] 1 Fronds 56,610 2 Husk 40,000 3 Shells 10,680 Total 107,290

The total quantity of biomass available from coconut plantation is 107,290 MT per year. This total 1,07,290 MTs of biomass at the rate of 1.2Kg. of biomass per Kwh of electric

power produced and assuming 7200 hrs every year, this represents a power production

potential of 10 MW.


25

3.1.3 ARECANUT PLANTATIONS:

Areca nut is one of the important commercial crops of A&N Islands. Because of better

returns, there is a preference to go for Areca nut plantations. The total area under Areca nut

in the islands is approximately 3596 Ha. The total production of nuts is 5143 MTs per year

based on an average productivity rate of 1.43 MT/Ha.

The husk of Areca nut is a valuable source of Biomass. At present the nuts are not

processed after de-husking and the husks are thrown away as waste. The average weight of

husk from one areca nut is 5gms. A palm produces about 120 nuts a year. Every hectare has

about 1150 to 1250 palms.

Therefore, the total nuts produced in the islands may be estimated as follows:

= 1200 palms x 120x 3596 hectares = 517824 X 103

Since each nut has about 5 grams of husk, the total husk available as Biomass has been

considered as = 5x517824 Kg=2589120 Kg. = 2589 MT/Year.

By proper encouragement and providing organized support to the rural poor, biomass

through this source, can be effectively utilized for power generation. This will provide

social upliftment and improving standard by rural poor and agricultural labor. The potential

for power generation from Arecanut husk is about 290 kw and units generated annually 17

lakhs units. From this information It is seen that the potential for power generation from

coconut & Arecanut plantations alone is about 10 MW.

The plantation details of rubber & red oil palm are mentioned as below:

Area and Production of Rubber & Red Oil Palm

Production of Rubber Production of Red Oil Palm Area Production Area Oil Production Year

Hect. MT Hect. MT 2001-02 960.00 353 1593 1840 2002-03 959.82 436 1593 1697 2003-04 747.55 486 1593 2041

This source of biomass is considered to be included in the crop residues and has not been

considered separately. Therefore, the total availability of biomass from the various agricultural

activities may be summarized as follows:


26

Surplus Biomass Availability from Agricultural & Plantation Sources 3.2 FOREST

Forest account for 87% of the total geographic area of the Islands and there is sufficient

scope for

the biomass collection from dead trees, fallen trees and woodcuttings from extra grown branches.

Forest area in Andaman and Nicobar Islands

(Area sq.kms) Particulars 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Reserved Forest 2929 2929 2929 2929 2929 Protected Forest 4242 4242 4242 4242 4242 Total 7171 7171 7171 7171 7171

Source: Forest Department

The total forest area has consistently been maintained at 7171 sq km for the last several years. A& N islands is home to some of the best tropical forest in the country and boasts of a

variety of wood, soft wood and ornamental wood.

The division wise forest area as on 31st March 2006 in sq.km has been presented as below:

S.No Source Quantity [MTs] 1 Crop residue 57135 2 Paddy husk 5832 3 Coconut fronds 56610 4 Coconut husk 40000 5 Coconut shells 10680 6 Arecanut 2589

Total 1,72,846


27

Division-wise Forest area as on 31st March 2004 (in Sq.Kms)

Source: Forest Department, A & N Islands

Timber from forests is extracted by the Forest Department and supplies logs to saw mills

and also exports to mainland.

3.2.1 Outturn of Major Forest Produce

The following table highlights the availability of various types and quantities of timber available in A& Nicobar Islands.

Availability of category–wise timber (Logs)

Availability of Timber (In cub. mtr.) Category 2001-02 2003-04 1 Ornamental Wood 646.75 1802.505 2 Superior Hardwood 2479.251 5925.899 3 Standard Hardwood 596.224 9494.562 4 Soft Wood 989.223 8869.794 5 Miscellaneous

Hardwood ----- 46.424 6 Miscellaneous

Softwood ----- ------ Total 4711.448 26139.184

Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics

The data on availability of timber indicates that timber availability has actually increased from a

very low 4711 MTs in the year 2001-02 to 26139 MTs in the year 2003-04. Also, the major portion

of the total available timber is hard wood timber. The soft wood and superior hard wood are the

other types of timber widely available in the islands.

Forest Area Division Geographical Area Reserved Protected Total

South Andaman 1665 1208.28 111.66 1319.94 Baratang Middle 721 646.51 --- 646.51 Andaman 965 53.07 804.05 857.12 North Andaman 2325 314.41 1784.15 2098.56 Little Andaman 732 706.49 --- 706.49 Islands 1841 --- 1542.07 1542.07 Total 8249 2928.76 4241.93 7170.69


28

The forest department is responsible for maintenance and regeneration of forests and logging. Most

of the logging activity takes place in Andaman group of Islands. During logging operations lot of

Biomass is generated in the form of tops and lops there is no agency to collect these woodcuttings

and are left as it is for decomposition. It is estimated that an average of 20% of the logs will be

available as lops and tops.

The table showing Agency wise Timber extraction in A&N Islands (in cubic meters) is shown in

another table showing the outturn of Major Forest Produce is shown below:

Agency-Wise Timber Extraction ( In cub. Mts.)

Government Year Dept.

Opern Work Contract

Total Private payment Royalty

Concessional Rate

Forest Plantation Dev Corporation

Total

1996-97 59205 555 59760 3728 698 43583 107769 1997-98 49439 --- 49439 --- 157 27501 77097 1998-99 35082 --- 35082 3 42 27507 62634 1999-00 25603 --- 25603 --- 22 22009 47634 2000-01 18002 --- 18002 --- 6 22060 40068 2001-02 4711 2002-03 -- 2003-04 --

Based on the estimation of 20% of lops and tops from the timber cutting, the available fuel

wood may be estimated as mentioned below:

( in cubic meters)

Year Timber (Logs) Fuel wood 2000-2001 40067 328162001-2002 4711 151482002-2003 --- 16762003-2004 --- 65312004-2005 -- 11000

From the above data it is possible to generate Biomass to the extent of 11000 cubic meter

from Forest produce on an average by suitable collection and transportation system. A cubic

meter of timber weighs about 600 kg. Therefore, based on 11000 Cubic meters of wood, an

estimated as 6600 MTs


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Another source of Biomass is wood based industries from the timber supplies to saw mills.

Wood cuttings can be used as fuel for Biomass power plants. At present, part of this

Biomass is used in saw mills as fire wood for drying, seasoning etc. Wood based industries

are either saw mills that produce planks for the construction or for furniture making

industry.

Saw mills process logs into planks. During the process they produce bark, end cuts. Sawn

timber is presently used as fuel wood. Presently, the Chatham saw mill and the Betapur saw

mill are only working. In the A& N districts, the wood cutting is banned. However,

harvesting from plantation is permitted. No naturally grown trees are allowed to be cut.

The intake and out turn of saw mills in the islands are mentioned below:

Intake and Out-turn of Govt. Saw Mills

(In cub. Mtr.)

Chatham Saw Mill Betapur Saw Mill Year Intake Outturn % Outturn Intake Outturn % Outturn 2001-02 6900 3151 45.67 1182 604 51.09 2002-03 5799 2561 44 1442 591 41 2003-04 9353 4516 48.28 1442 591 40.98

From the above the yield is about 48 to 41% ad the rest is waste generated in the mills out

of the waste generated. The composition is described as below:

Bark-<5%

End cuts & sawn timber waste - 25% to 30%

Saw dust - 8%

However, there is high moisture content in the above Biomass, which has to be considered

while assuming the Biomass. As per the above table the waste available is about 6238 cu.

mtrs and @ 600 Kg. Per cubic meter biomass available is about 3728 MTs per year. Though

this quantity is not significant this may considered as available surplus Biomass for the

power generation at present.


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3.3 Biomass From Fresh & Empty Fruit Bunches

The oil palm bears fruits jn bunches that have to be processed within 24 hours of harvest.

These bunches are called Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB). A bunch contains about 600 to 1500

fruits depending on the size. The fruits are held in the bunch tightly even at harvest.

The harvest FFBs are taken to the plant for further processing. FFBs are sterilized by steam

and threshed to separate the fruits from the bunch. The empty bunches are sent to an

incinerator for destruction. The fruits are then crushed to recover the oil from the mesocarp

(fibrous parts). The nut is then separated from the fibres and shelled. The resulting seed or

kernel is then sold to private processors to extract kernel oil. Thus, the oil palm yields oil

from the mesocarp (ROP) and also kernel oil. The waste matter produced in the process are,

empty fruit bunches, fibre and shell. In the following paragraphs we shall discuss each one

of them.

Break-up of an FFB

Empty Fruit Bunch 40-50%

Oil 17-19%

Fibre 18% Nut Shell 7.3% Kernel 4%

Empty Fruit Bunches

Empty fruit bunches form 50% of the weight of the FFB. This weight is on a wet weight basis. As per the details provided by the plant-in-charge, the plant crushes about 10-11,000 t of FFB per year of about 300 working days. The no. of shifts works out to about 400 per year.

FFBs Are Steam Cooked

At 50% of the FFB the empty fruit bunch available per year is about 5500 MT. The actual

quantity that was available in 1996-97 as per the plant records was 4749.09 MT (Table 2.1).

This was on a wet weight basis. As per our estimation, the empty fruit bunch contains about

60-65% by way of moisture. Therefore, on a dry weight basis the empty fruit bunches

would amount to 1899.63 MT. or about 1900 tpa. This entire quantity would be available at


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the plant itself. The quantity of empty fruit bunches is however, directly linked, as all other

biomass is also to the yield An Empty FFB After Steam Cooking of the plantations. The

empty fruit bunches that come out after threshing is wet and would have to be dried to the

desired level of moisture before use. Since sun drying is not possible during the extended

period of the monsoon, a facility to dry these bunches would be essential.

Fibre & Nut Shells

After the fruits have been separated from the bunch, they are crushed to expel the oil. This

oil cake is then broken and beaten to separate the fibre from the nut. The amount of this

fibre in a FFB is about 18%. Based on an average crushing of about 10000 tpa, this works

out to 1800 tpa. During the years 1993-94 to 1995-96, the plant produced 1680, 1953, and

1633 tpa of fibre. However, the plant consumes fibre and nut shells to fire its steam boilers.

The consumption is about 600 Kg/hour. This works out to about 1920 tpa (8 hours x 400

shifts per year). Therefore, the no surplus fibre is likely to be available.

Nuts that are separated from the fibres are then hulled to separate the kernel. The nut shells

that are produced are also used in the boiler to generate steam. The total quantity of nut

shells produced is about 700 tpa. The actual production during the above mentioned years

was 680,791 and 662 tpa. Together, with the fibres this forms the major fuel that is used in

the boiler. Sometimes, whin there is a shortage of FFBs, the plants has also used firewood.

But since, 1994-95, no firewood has been used as per the plant records.

Therefore, the surplus that is likely to be available from fibres and nutshells is limited and

unreliable. However, for a plant crushing 10,000 tpa and running 4, shifts per year, the total

surplus fibre and nutshell that may be available after all current use would be about 580 tpa.

Biomass from Red Palm Oil

Fronds 1530 tpa Empty Fruit Bunches 1900 tpa Fibre & Nut Shells (Surplus) 580 tpa Total 4010 tpa


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4. SURPLUS BIOMASS & PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

In the previous chapters, the bio mass sources were highlighted to be

• Agricultural Sources

• Plantation Sources

• Forest and no forest sources

From the extent of the respective activities and the generation of bio mass and taking into

account the surplus biomass, which is available, is summarily presented as below;


On an average about 1.2 kg of biomass, with 10% handling losses, 1.32 kg can be converted

into 1 unit of power generation. Therefore, the available biomass of 1,83,166 MTs can

support a power generation of 13,87,62,000 units per year. This is equal to 17.5 MW of

installed capacity. M/s.Suryachakra Green Fuels Private Limited proposes to install

2.28 MW Biomass based power plants in the islands. Also, SGFPL proposes to explore

alternate source of fuel and arrive at a fuel composition as mentioned below:

Biomass : 98.70%

Diesel : 1.30%

The total Biomass requirement for 2.28 MW plant is 18754.56 MT per year

Therefore, the availability of biomass is not considered to be a constraint for 2.28 MW

Biomass power plant.

S.No Source Quantity [MTs] 1 Crop residue 57135 2 Paddy husk 5832 3 Coconut fronds 56610 4 Coconut husk 40000 5 Coconut shells 10680 6 Arecanut 2589 7 Timber lops /saw dust 10320

Total 1,83,166

ID S. No Task Name1 PROJECT DURATION2 1.0 PPA SIGNING34 2.0 CIVIL WORKS5 2.1 Boiler 6 2.2 Boiler auxiliaries7 2.3 STG Building8 2.4 STG Foundation9 2.5 Cooling Tower10 2.6 Raw water treatment11 2.7 WTP foundation12 2.8 Chimney Foundation13 2.9 FHS Foundation14 2.10 AHS Foundation1516 3.0 EQUIPMENTS SUPPLY17 Orders18 3.1 Boiler19 3.1.1 Boiler Structures20 3.1.2 Boiler Pressure Parts21 3.1.3 Boiler Auxiliaries22 3.2 STG

M‐1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M

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Project: 2.28 MW Biomass Based Power Plant Client: Surya Chakra Green Fuels Private Ltd

Project Schedule

Aquatherm Engineering Consultants (India) Pvt Ltd., 1 of 4

Project: Project Schedule‐02.05.2Date: Wed 21/11/12

ID S. No Task Name23 3.2.1 Generator24 3.2.2 Steam turbine25 3.2.3 Auxiliaries26 3.3 Water Treatment Plant27 3.4 Cooling Tower28 3.5 Pumps29 3.6 Fuel Handling30 3.7 Ash Handling31 3.8 Electrical32 3.9 Control & Instrumentation33 3.10 EOT Crane34 3.11 HVAC35 3.12 Raw water Pumps36 3.13 Heat Exchanger37 3.14 Piping & Valves38 3.15 Plant Electrical39 3.16 Power Evacuation40 3.17 Lab equipments4142 4.0 ERECTION & COMMISSIONING43 4.1 Boiler44 4.2 STG


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ID S. No Task Name45 4.3 Water Treatment Plant46 4.4 Cooling Tower47 4.5 Pumps48 4.6 Fuel Handling49 4.7 Ash Handling50 4.8 Electrical51 4.9 Control & Instrumentation52 4.10 EOT Crane53 4.11 HVAC54 4.12 Raw water Pumps55 4.13 Heat Exchanger56 4.14 Piping & Valves57 4.15 Plant Electrical58 4.16 Power Evacuation59 4.17 Lab equipments6061 5.0 MILESTONES62 5.1 Boiler Hydro Test63 5.2 Slow firing64 5.3 Safety valve floating65 5.4 Steam blowing66 5.5 Turbine Rolling


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ID S. No Task Name67 5.6 Synchornising


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Annexure-III - Revised DPR - 2 MW Biomass Power Plant at SA

Documents

Transcript of Annexure-III - Revised DPR - 2 MW Biomass Power Plant at SA