Annexure 2: Rapid Risk Assesment - Welcome to Environment

Annexure 2: Rapid Risk Assesment

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RISK ANALYSIS

(I) Catastrophic Rupture of LPG Bullet Truck (18 MT)

At the LPG bottling plant, LPG will be transported by Bullet Truck tank. In the event of fire in LPG bullet truck in parking area, BLEVE may be occurred and fireball will result as out come.

I. Release Rate and Release Duration

Release Rate Release rate is not applicable as under BLEVE, total Inventory of LPG will result in

Fireball.

II. Fireball Hazard as a Result of BLEVE Catastrophic rupture of LPG bullet truck followed by immediate ignition will result in occurrence of BLEVE. As outcome of BLEVE, fireball will outcome as per details given below:

Fireball Radius 78.25 m

Fireball Duration 10.88 s

Flame Emissive Power 301.23 kW/m2

Fireball Lift Off Height 156.51m

III. Thermal Radiation Effect From Fireball Ellipse Thermal radiation levels at various distances from fireball ellipse are given below:

Radiation Level Thermal Radiation Level Distances (m)

B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

37.5 kW/m2 78.2269 78.2269 78.2269

12.5 kW/m2 237.853 237.853 237.853

4 kW/m2 449.199 449.199 449.199

Thermal radiation intensity radii due to fireball ellipse are shown in Figure 1.1.


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IV. UFL and LFL Concentration Distances In the event of no ignition of released LPG, vapour cloud will be formed and concentrations within UFL and LFL will occur at following distances.

Concentration UFL and LFL Concentration Distances (m)

B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

UFL 48.4779 49.0013 49.0068

LEL 222.883 224.435 222.682

V. Flash Fire Envelope On ignition of vapour cloud within UFL and LFL concentrations, flash fire envelope will form as given below:

Flash Fire Envelope (m)

B – 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

Farthest Lateral Extent 222.883 224.435 222.682

Figure 1.1: Intensity Radii for Fire ball Rupture of LPG Bullet Truck


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Flash fire envelopes due to delayed ignition rupture of LPG bullet truck are presented in Figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2: Flash Fire for Rupture of LPG Bullet Truck


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VI. Explosion Effects (Delayed Ignition)

LPG vapours within the range of UFL and LFL will be formed an explosive mass and result in overpressure wave on getting source of ignition, if some confinement is present. Overpressure distances for various intensities of pressure wave are as given below:

Over Pressure (bar) Overpressure Distances (m)

B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

0.1 475.75 475.75 475.75

0.15 339.922 339.922 339.922

0.2 269.093 269.093 269.093

Late explosion worst case radii due to delayed ignition as a result of rupture of LPG bullet truck are presented in Figure 1.3.

Figure 1.3: Late Explosion Worst Case Radii for Rupture of LPG Bullet Truck


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(II) Catastrophic Rupture of LPG Cylinder At the LPG bottling plant, Cylinders will be filled with LPG. In the event of fire in LPG cylinder, BLEVE may be occurred and fireball will result as out come. I. Release Rate and Release Duration

Release Rate Release rate is not applicable as under BLEVE, total Inventory of LPG will result in

Fireball.

II. Fireball Hazard as a Result of BLEVE Catastrophic rupture of LPG cylinder followed by immediate ignition will result in occurrence of BLEVE. As outcome of BLEVE, fireball will outcome as per details given below:

Fireball Radius 7.67 m

Fireball Duration 1.70 s

Flame Emissive Power 150.12 kW/m2

Fireball Lift Off Height 15.351m

III. Thermal Radiation Effect From Fireball Ellipse Thermal radiation levels at various distances from fireball ellipse are given below:


B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

37.5 kW/m2 4.39453 4.39453 4.39453

12.5 kW/m2 19.3709 19.3709 19.3709

4 kW/m2 37.9695 37.9695 37.9695


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Thermal radiation intensity radii due to fireball ellipse of LPG Cylinder are shown in Figure 1.4.

IV. UFL and LFL Concentration Distances In the event of no ignition of released LPG, vapour cloud will be formed and concentrations within UFL and LFL will occur at following distances.


B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

UFL 4.59188 4.5956 4.59643 LEL 27.4572 27.4699 27.1581

V. Flash Fire Envelope On ignition of vapour cloud within UFL and LFL concentrations, flash fire envelope will form as given below:

Flash Fire Envelope (m)

B – 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

Farthest Lateral Extent 27.4572 27.4699 27.1581

Figure 1.4: Intensity Radii for Rupture of LPG Cylinder


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Flash fire envelopes due to delayed ignition rupture of LPG Cylinder are presented in Figure 1.5.

VI. Explosion Effects (Delayed Ignition) LPG vapours within the range of UFL and LFL will be formed an explosive mass and result in overpressure wave on getting source of ignition, if some confinement is present. Overpressure distances for various intensities of pressure wave are as given below:

Over Pressure (bar) Overpressure Distances (m)

B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

0.1 43.9593 43.9593 43.9593 0.15 31.4088 31.4088 31.4088 0.2 24.8642 24.8642 24.8642

Late explosion worst case radii due to delayed ignition as a result of rupture of cylinder are presented in Figure 1.6.

Figure 1.5: Flash Fire for Rupture of LPG Cylinder


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(III) Central Column Failure of Carousel

At the LPG bottling plant, cylinders will be filled with LPG. In the event of central column failure of carousel, LPG will be released and thermal radiation in the event of fire and flash fire due to delayed ignition will be occurred as out come. I. Release Rate and Release Duration Under this scenario, LPG release from central column failure of carousel has been considered.

Release Rate 1.54296E+000 k/s

II. Thermal Radiation Effect From Jet Fire Thermal radiation levels at various distances from jet fire are given below:


B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

37.5 kW/m2 5.71844 5.71844 5.71844

12.5 kW/m2 12.2575 12.2575 12.2575

4 kW/m2 20.6011 20.6011 20.6011

Figure 1.6: Late Explosion Worst Case Radii for Rupture of LPG Cylinder


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Thermal radiation intensity radii due to jet fire due to central column failure of carousel are shown in Figure 1.7

IV. UFL and LFL Concentration Distances In the event of no ignition of released LPG due to Central Column failure of carousel, vapour cloud will be formed and concentrations within UFL and LFL will occur at following distances.


B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

UFL 0.0975104 0.0854331 0.0785604 LEL 1.12799 1.17044 1.28619

UFL and LFL Concentration Height

Concentration UFL and LFL Concentration Height (m)

B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E – 2 m/s

UFL 3.34626 3.37765 3.47939 LEL 7.44153 7.92019 8.37264

Figure 1.7: Intensity Radii for Central Column Failure of Carousel


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IV. Flash Fire Envelope On delayed ignition of LPG vapours within UFL and LFL, flash fire envelope will form as indicated below:

Flash Fire Envelope (m) Distance

B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

Farthest Vertical 1.12799 1.17044 1.28619

Flash Fire Envelope (m) Height

B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s


Flash fire envelopes due to Central Column failure of carousel are presented in Figure 1.8. VI. Explosion Effects (Delayed Ignition) No explosion hazard will occur under any stability class and wind speed due to this scenario.

Figure 1.8: Flash Fire due to Central Column Failure of Carousel


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(IV) LPG Leak from Gun at Carousel

At the LPG bottling plant, cylinders will be filled with LPG. In the event of LPG leak from Gun at Carousel, LPG will be released and thermal radiation in the event of fire and flash fire due to delayed ignition will be occurred as out come. I. Release Rate and Release Duration Under this scenario, LPG release from leak

Release Rate 4.77066E-001 k/s



B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

37.5 kW/m2 4.19621 4.19621 4.19621

12.5 kW/m2 7.59676 7.59676 7.59676

4 kW/m2 12.4632 12.4632 12.4632

Thermal radiation intensity radii due to jet fire due to LPG leak from Gun at Carousel are shown in Figure 1.9.

Figure 1.9: Intensity Radii for LPG Leak from Gun at Carousel


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IV. UFL and LFL Concentration Distances In the event of no ignition of released LPG due to LPG leak from Gun at Carousel, vapour cloud will be formed and concentrations within UFL and LFL will occur at following distances.


B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

UFL 0.0408652 0.0374196 0.031798

LEL 0.643837 0.609021 0.622717



B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E – 2 m/s

UFL 2.0629 2.10981 2.15584

LEL 4.54845 4.76372 5.072



B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s



B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s


Flash fire envelopes due to LPG leak from Gun at Carousel are presented in Figure 1.10.


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Figure 1.10: Flash Fire due to LPG leak from Gun at Carousel


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I. Explosion Effects (Delayed Ignition)

No explosion hazard will occur under any stability class and wind speed due to this scenario.

(V) LPG Hose Failure at Carousel At the LPG bottling plant, cylinders will be filled with LPG. In the event of LPG hose failure at Carousel, LPG will be released and thermal radiation in the event of fire and flash fire due to delayed ignition will be occurred as out come. I. Release Rate and Release Duration Under this scenario, LPG release from hose failure at Carousel has been considered.

Release Rate 4.77066E-001 k/s



B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E - 2 m/s

37.5 kW/m2 4.19621 4.19621 4.19621

12.5 kW/m2 7.59676 7.59676 7.59676

4 kW/m2 12.4632 12.4632 12.4632

Thermal radiation intensity radii due to jet fire due to hose failure at Carousel are shown in Figure 7.15.

Figure 1.11: Intensity Radii for Hose Failure of Carousel


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IV. UFL and LFL Concentration Distances In the event of no ignition of released LPG due to hose failure at Carousel, vapour cloud will be formed and concentrations within UFL and LFL will occur at following distances.


B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E – 2 m/s

UFL 0.0408652 0.0374196 0.031798 LEL 0.643837 0.609021 0.622717



B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E – 2 m/s

UFL 2.0629 2.10981 2.15584 LEL 4.54845 4.76372 5.072



B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E – 2 m/s



B - 3 m/s D - 3 m/s E – 2 m/s


Flash fire envelopes due to hose failure at Carousel are presented in Figure 1.12.

VI. Explosion Effects (Delayed Ignition) No explosion hazard will occur under any stability class and wind speed due to this scenario.


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1.2 LEAKAGES

Jet Fire Maximum Exposure Duration = 20.00 s Ambient temperature = 35C Maximum Distance = 500.0 m Height above origin = 0.00 m Angle from Wind Direction = 0.00 deg Observer Inclination = Variable deg. Observer Orientation = Variable deg.

Figure 1.12: Flash Fire due to Hose Failure of Carousel


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Fig 7.17: Radiation vs Distance for jet fire – Leak

The maximum heat radiation flux due to explosion reached 82.80 KW/m2 and minimum heat radiation 0.20 KW/m2 as per the weather category 1.5/D at the source as per the graph. The explosion reached maximum distance at 109.04 KW/m2 at 40.82 m downwind distance as per the weather category 5/D.

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Annexure 2: Rapid Risk Assesment - Welcome to Environment

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