Curriculum/ Course Outline of M. A. SociologyTwo-Year Program (Annual System)

M. A. Sociology (Part-I)

Paper 1 Principles of Sociology 100 Marks

Paper 2 Sociological Theory 100 Marks

Paper 3 Methods of Social Research 100 Marks

Paper 4 Social Statistics and Application of Computer in Sociology 100 Marks

Paper 5 Cultural Anthropology 100 Marks

Paper 6 Social Psychology 100 Marks

M. A. Sociology (Part-II)

Paper 1 Population Dynamics 100 Marks

Paper 2 Sociology of Development 100 Marks

Paper 3 A) Sociology of Social Work (50) 100 Marks

B) NGO Management (50)

Paper 4 Sociology of Social Change 100 Marks

Paper 5 Principles of Gender Studies (Opt-I) 100 Marks

Paper 6 Criminology and Sociology of Deviance (Opt-II) 100 Marks

Paper 7 Social Problems of Pakistan (Opt-I) 100 Marks

Paper 8 Thesis (Opt-II) 100 Marks

Curriculum/ Course Outline of M. A. SociologyTwo-Year Program (Annual System)

Bahauddin Zakariya University, MultanM. A. Sociology (Part-I)

Paper 1 PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY

Introduction o Nature, scope and subject matter of sociologyo Brief historical development of sociologyo Introduction to quranic sociologyo Society and communityo Relationship with other social scienceso Social interaction processes o Exploring the global villageo Sociology as a scienceo The sociological imaginationo The development of sociologyo Pioneers of sociology

Social Groupso Definition and functionso Types of social groups

Social Institutionso Definitiono Structure and function of social institutions

o Inter-relationships among various social institutions Culture and related concepts

o Definition and aspects of cultureo Elements of cultureo Organization of cultureo Other concepts, cultural relativism, sub cultures, ethnocentrism, cultural lag

Socialization and Personalityo Role and statuso Socializationo Culture and personality

Deviance and Social Controlo Definition and types of devianceo Juvenile delinquencyo Formal and informal methods of social control

Social Stratification o Approach to study social stratificationo Caste class and race as basics of social stratification

Social Movemento Theories of social movemento Social and cultural change o Collective behavioro Definitiono Characteristicso Causeso Typeso Social movementso Mob and crowd behavior

Social and Cultural Changeo Definition of social changeo Dynamics of social changeo Impact of globalization on society and cultureo Resistance to change

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Diana, Kendall. (2001). Sociology in Our Times. 32nd Edition. Wadsworth.2. Hensline, James. M. (1997). Sociology. USA: Needhan Heigwb, Massachusetts. 3. George J. Brgjar, Michael P. Soroke. (1997). Sociology. USA: Needhan Heigwb, Massachusetts.

Paper 2 SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY

Introduction and Early Social Thoughto Historical Development of Social Philosophyo Folk Thinkingo Greeko Egyptiano Babyloniano Chinese

Muslim Social Thoughto Imam Ghazalio Ibn-E-Khulduno Shah Waliullah

Historical Background of Classical Sociological Theoryo Church – State Controversy

o Social Forces in the Development of Sociological Theoryo Intellectual Forces and the Rise of Sociological Theoryo Church-State Controversyo The Development of French Sociologyo The Development of German Sociologyo The Origins of British Sociology

Classical Sociological Theoristso August Comte o Emile Durkheimo Max Webero Karl Marxo C. Wright Millso George Simmel

Neo- structural functionalist: o Talcoot parsons o Robert K. Merton.

Neo- conflict theorists: o Ralf Dahrendorf

Critical conflict theory: o Thorstein veblen

Frankfurt school of thought:o Jurgen Habbermas

Rational choice theory \ Exchange theory: o Skinner and behaviourism, o G.C. Homans, Peter M. Blau

Social behaviourism and Interactionism:o Phenomenology ( Alferd Schutz),o Systamatic social behaviouism ( Max weber , George simmel)o Symbolic Interactionism ( C.H.Cooly, G.H Mead)

Ethnomethodology: o Introduction, Contribution of H Garfinkal.

Evolving contemporary feminist theory:o Feminism o Historical developmento Gender theories.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Farganis, J. (1993). Readings in Social Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.2. Jones, P. (2003). Introducing Social Theory, Cambridge: Polity Press3. Kinloch, C. G. (1977). Sociological Theory; Its Development and Major paradigms. New York: McGraw-

Hill Book Company4. Ritzer, G. (2004). Sociological Theory, New York: McGraw-Hill, INC.

Paper 3 METHODS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH

Introduction o Characteristics of scientific social researcho Theory and research types of social research qualitative and quantitative approaches in social

researcho Quality of good researchero Difficulties in social research.

What is Research problemo Choosing the problem and its significance

o Review of relevant literature, theoretical frameworko Formulation of research question o Derivation of research hypothesiso Measuring the variable, operationalization, validity and reliability, o The time dimension: 1-cross sectional studies 2- longitudinal studies 3- approximating longitudinal

studieso Unit of analysis: 1- individuals 2- groups 3- organizations

Research designo Definition of research designo Characteristics of research designo Types of research designo Components of research design.

Making a hypothesiso Meaning and forms of hypothesiso Functions of hypothesiso Sources and logic of driving hypothesiso Characteristics of useable hypothesiso Statistical testing of hypothesis.

Samplingo Sampling techniqueso Preparation of sampling frameo error and controlo Types and method of data collectiono Instruments of data collectiono Questioner developmento Design and formato Pre-testing and revisiono Field problem in data collection.o Reporting and editing

Processing of datao Analysis of data by using computero Statistical techniques used in data analysiso Interpretation/description of data using technical language.o Practical (the students are required to collect data and by using some statistical package analyze

data. Data collection

o Sources of datao Methods of data collectiono Survey methodo Experimental methodo Case study methodo Historical method/documentationo Content analysis method.

Tools of data collection o Observation (participants and non-participants)o Questionnaireo Interview scheduleo Focus group discussion (FGD)

Measurement and scaling o Types of scaleso Paired comparison

o Method of equal appearing intervalo Internal consistency scaleo Thurston scaleo Rating scales.

Analysis and interaction of data Presentation of data and report writing

o Format of reporto Graphic and pictorial presentationo Report writing, bibliographyo Footnotes and references.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Bonface, David R (1995), Experiment Design and Statistical Methods for Behavioral and Social Research,

London, Chapman and Hall.2. Miller D C (1991), Handbook of Research Design and Social Measurement, London, Sage Publications. 3. Eills E (1994), Research Methods in Social Science, Eirgiond: Brown and BenchMark Publishers.4. Singleton, Royce A, and Straits, Bruce C. (1988). Approaches to Social Research. 3rd ed. New York:

Oxford University Press5. Neuman, W. Lawrence. (2000).Social Research Methods. 4th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon6. Babbie, Eearl. (2001).The Practice of Social Research. 9th ed. Australia: Wadsworth

Paper 4 (A) SOCIAL STATISTICS

MS-503 SOCIAL STATISTICS Introduction

Basic introduction. Presentation

Presentation of data numerically and graphically. Measures of Central tendency

Introduction, properties and relationship between arithmetic mean, median and mode. Measures of dispersion

Introduction, absolute and relative measures of dispersion. Properties of variance and standard deviation. Regression and Correlation

Introduction. Simple linear regression and multiple regression. Coefficient of correlation and coefficient of determination. Multiple correlation and partial correlation. Use of Scatter diagram in correlation and regression.

SamplingIntroduction to sampling and sampling distributions. Sampling distribution for single population mean and proportion. Sampling distribution for difference between two population means and proportion.

ProbabilityBasic introduction to probability. Random experiment and its properties. Events and their types. Laws of probability. Discrete probability distributions. Binomial distribution. Continuous probability distributions.

Normal probability distribution. Testing of hypothesis:

Basic concepts about testing of hypothesis. Procedure of testing of hypothesis. Single sample test involving means and proportions. Two sample tests involving means and proportions for independent and dependent samples

Test for independence and non-parametric test: Chi- square test. Non- parametric test.

The analysis of variance: Concept of Analysis of Variance. One-way analysis of variance. Two-wayanalysis of variance.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Cramer Duncan (1994), Introducing Statistics for Social Research, Step by Step Calculations and

Computer Techniques Using SPSS, London, Roudledge.

2. Elifson, Kirk W, Richard P Runyon and Audre Herber (1990), Fundamentals of Social Statistics 2nd Edition, Singapore: McGraw Hill Book Company.

(B) APPLICATION OF COMPUTER IN SOCIOLOGY Introduction to Computers, Concepts, Functions, Applications, Hardware. Types of Computers. Input/ Output Devices. Software. System Software. Application Software. Customized Software. Word Processing. Spreadsheet. Tools of Statistical Analyses Using Computer. Database Application. Internet Browser. E-mail: Personal Organizers. Multimedia Applications. Business Applications. Accounts. Payroll. Production. Market Planning.BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Peter Norton’s (2000), Introduction to Computers.2. Long and long (1999), Introduction to Computers.

Paper 5 CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Introductiono What is Anthropologyo Branches of Anthropology

Physical Anthropology Cultural Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology Archeology

o Relationship of Anthropology with other Social Scienceso Relation between Sociology and Anthropology

Cultureo Nature of Cultureo Evolution and growth of Cultureo Nature vs Nurtureo Culture: Adaptive and Maladaptiveo Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism and Human Rightso Primitive Cultureso Mechanisms of Cultural Changeo Globalization and Culture

The Growth of Anthropological Theoryo Social Evolutionismo Diffusionism and Acculturationo Historicismo Functionalismo Culture & Personalityo American Materialism

o Cultural Materialismo Cross-Cultural Analysiso Cognitive Anthropologyo Marxist Anthropologyo Feminist Anthropologyo Structuralismo Symbolic & Interpretive Anthropologieso Postmodernism & Its Critics

Economics o Economics and Economic Anthropologyo Types of societies based on the Economic mode of productiono Phases of Economic Activity

Marriage and the Familyo Toward a Definition of Marriage?

Woman Marriage and Ghost Marriage among the Nuero Marriage as a Social Process

Patterns of Residence after Marriage Single and Plural Spouses Polyandry, Sexuality, and the Reproductive Capacity of Women

o Marriage and Economic Exchangeo Brothers and Sisters in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Brothers and Sisters in a Matrilineal Society Brothers and Sisters in a Patrilineal Society

o Family Structure The Nuclear Family The Polygynous Family Extended and Joint Families

o Sexual Practices Ranges of Heterosexual Practices Other Sexual Practices

o Sexuality and Power Political Organization and Social Control

o Types of Political Organization Band Societies Tribal Societies

o Chiefdomso State Systemso Social Control

Informal Means of Social Control Formal Means of Social Control

Supernatural Beliefso Defining Religion

Problems of defining religion Religion and Magic Sorcery and Witchcraft

o Mythso Functions of Religiono Religion and Social Controlo Religion and Cultural Ecology

Sacred Cattle in India Human Race and Ethnicity

o Race is biological or social phenomena

o Social Race and concept of racism in South Asia (a dialogue)o Ethnic Groups and Ethnicityo Peaceful Coexistence o Roots of Ethnic Conflict

Language and Communicationo Animal Communicationo Nature and Structure of Languageo Language, Thought and Cultureo Socio-linguisticso Non-verbal Communication

Cognitiono The Dialectic between Cognition and Cultureo Cognition as an open system

Cognitive Capacities and Intelligenceo Perceptiono Conceptiono Emotiono Is Cognitive Development the Same for Everyoneo Cognition and Context

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Bodily, John H. (1994) Cultural Anthropology, California, Mayfield Publication Co.2. Ferraro, Gary. (2001). Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective 4th ed. Wadsworth: Australia3. Harris Marrier (1987), Cultural Anthropology, Newark, Hanper & Co.4. Kottak, C.P. (2000). Anthropology. 8th ed. Mc Graw Hill: Boston5. Lavenda, R.H & Schultz, E.A. (1998). Anthropology. 2nd ed. Mayfield: London

Paper 6 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Introduction: o Definition and scope of social psychologyo Historical development of social psychologyo Methods and framework of social psychology

Human Behavior & Personality: o Psychological dynamicso Socio-cultural dynamicso Man as a psycho-bio-social unit.o Personality Development: o Socialization and personality developmento Theories of personality development

Theoristso Sigmund Freudo C.H. Cooleyo Skinnero G.H. Mead.

Cultural and Social Development: o Universal cultural patternso Cultural values and inter-personal adjustment

Individual in Society:o Interpersonal behavioro Attitudes (meaning, formation, and change) perceptiono Language (communication and change) motivation

Group dynamics:

o Group lifeo Formation of groupso Dimensions of group effectivenesso Dynamics of Leadership: o Leadershipo Role and status, psycho-social factors underlying roleso Types of leadershipso Group morale and leadership

Stress in Social Behavior: o Social behavioro Physically, psychologically, socially stressful situation, tension, frustration, stress, tension reduction.

Psychological problems of Pakistani SocietyBOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Worchil, S. (2000), Social Psychology, Australia, Wadsworth.2. Lindesmith, Alfred R. Straurs Anselm L. Perzin, N.K, (1994), Social Psychology, London, SAGIE.3. Baron, R. (1998), Exploring Social Psychology, Allyn, Bacon.M. A. Sociology (Part-II)

Paper 1 POPULATION DYNAMICS

Introduction to the world’s population:o Demography: the science of populationo Subject matter of demographyo Growth of world populationo Power of doublingo Population explosiono Population implosion

Sources of demographic data:o Vital statisticso Sample surveyso Administrative data

Who is included in the census?o De-facto populationo De-jure populationo Usual residence

Errors in the enumeration process:o Sampling erroro Non-sampling error(Coverage error and content error)

Measuring coverage error througho Demographic analysis (DA)o Dual system estimation (DSE)

Demographic perspectiveso Malthus perspectiveo Marxist perspectiveo Mills perspectiveo Dumont perspectiveo Durkheim perspectiveo Theory of demographic change and responseo Easterline cohort size hypothesis

Mortalityo Components of mortality (Lifespan and longevity)

o Social and biological factors of mortalityo Life tableo Social status differentials in mortalityo Age differentials in mortality

Causes of deatho Infectious and parasitic diseaseso Degeneration from the chronic diseaseso Real causes of death

Measuring mortalityo Crude death rate o Age-specific death rate

Fertilityo Difference between fertility and fecundityo Biological and social factors affecting fertilityo Explanations of high fertilityo Baby Boom

Measures of fertility Period measures

o Crude birth rateo General fertility rateo Child women ratioo Age-specific fertility rateo Total fertility rateo Gross reproductive rateo Net reproductive rate

Cohort measureso Completed fertilityo Fertility inclusions

Migrationo Migrationo Mobilityo Sojournero Movero Out-migrationo In-migrationo Immigrationo Emigrationo Refugeeso Asyleeso Push and pull theory of migrationo Migration processo Consequences of migration

Forced migrationo Slaveryo Refugees

Measuring migrationo Gross rate of out-migrationso Gross rate of in-migrationo Crude net migration rateo Total migration rateo Migrations turnover rate

o Migration effectiveness Theories of international migration

o Neo-classical economic approacho Household economics of migrationo Dual labor market theoryo World system theoryo Network theoryo Institutional theoryo Cumulative causation theory

Mortalityo Constant methodo Cause-delay methodo Targeting methodo Trend extrapolation methodo Synthetic method

Fertility projectionso Constant methodo Targeting methodo Trend extrapolation methodo Synthetic method

Cohort component modelo Demographic balancing equationo Period and cohort datao Stable and stationary population

Population structure and characteristicso Age and sexo Population, aging and life courseo Family demography and life chanceso Urban transitiono Population and environment

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Weeks John R (1992), Population: An Introduction to concepts and Issues. Belmert California,

Wadsworth Publising company.2. Petreson, William. (1975), Population, New York, Macmillan.

Paper 2 SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Introductiono Defining Basic conceptso GDP, GNP and their relation with the socio-economic statuso Key themes and issues in Sociology of Development

Theoretical Perspectives on Development (Modernization Theory)

o Introduction of Modernization theoryo The theoretical origins of modernization theoryo Modernization theoryo Summary of modernization theory and its implicationso The critique of modernization theoryo Conclusion

Theoretical Perspectives on Development (Underdevelopment Theory)

o Introduction of Underdevelopment theoryo The theoretical origins of Underdevelopment theoryo Underdevelopment theoryo Summary of Underdevelopment theory and its implicationso The critique of Underdevelopment theoryo Conclusion

Political Development o Introduction o Third world politics: the analysis of instabilityo Military intervention in the third worldo Conclusion

Development Planning and Aido Introductiono The failure of development Aido Rural Development Programmeso Conclusion

Gender and developmento Transitional practices in the third worldo Socialist societies in the global systemo Problems of Developmento Models of Case Studies of Developmento Problems and Prospects of Sociology of Developmento The role of development aid in developmento The role of non-government organizations in development

Demographic transitional theories related with development Development in Pakistan: a case study ConclusionBOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Auty, Richard M. 1995. Patterns of Development Resources, Policy and Economic Growth, London:

Edward Arnold2. Booth, David. 1994. Rethinking Social Development. Theory, Research and Practice. England, Longman

Scientific and Technical3. Gardez, Hassan N. (1991), Understanding Pakistan the Colonial Factor in Social Development, Lahore,

Maktab-e-Fikr-O-Danish.

4. Webster A. 1990. Introduction to the Sociology of Development. 2nd ed. Hong kong: Macmillan Education Ltd

Paper 3 (A) SOCIOLOGY OF SOCIAL WORK

Introductiono Social work and its definitiono Relationship with sociologyo Applications of sociological knowledge in social worko Historical development of social welfare in South Asiao Concept of welfare state and social welfare

Methods of social worko Case work: Basic concepts, principles of case work practiceo Group work: goals and purposes, principles of group work practiceo Community development: Nature and scope of community development with special reference to

Pakistan Social work services

o Psychiatric social worko Medical social worko Social work in schoolso Child welfareo Services for the agedo Services for womeno Services for the disabledo Poverty reduction and other services

Social work in Pakistano Role of government agencies-historical perspectiveo Role of international agencieso Role of NGOs

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Ferguson, Etizabath A (1963). Social Work: An Introduction, New York, J.B. L. Pincott

Company.2. Fink, Arthur E. ed.al. The field of Social Work, New York, Holt R. Nehart and Winston.3. Fried: Amder. Watter A. (Ed) Concepts and Methods of Social Work. Englewood CL. Ffs. NJ

Practice Hall Inc. 1958.4. Martin, Davis (1991) The Sociology of Social Work, London, Routledge.5. Skidmore Rex A, Miltong Thackery. (1994), Introduction to Social Work. New Jercy. Prentice

Hall International Inc.Paper 3 (B) NGO MANAGEMENT

Introductiono Introduction to Management and Organizationso Management Perspectiveso Management as a Decision Making Process

Introduction to Non-Profit Organisation/ NGO o Mission, Vision, Value and Principleso Strategic Management of NGOo NGO and Civil Societyo NGO as an agent of Developmento Advocacy and Services Delivery: Main NGO Activitieso NGO and Management of Relationships

Organisational structure, leadership and setting up a board of directors o Project management 1: assessment and planningo Project management 2 - project development and implementationo Business plans and grant proposals

o Staff and Volunteer managemento Fundraising o Financial management

NGOs and democracyo Regulations to corporationso Government NGO co-operationo NGOs in planning and development

NGOs and Globalizationo Economic surveillance through Global Village o Role of NGOs in sustainable development

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Goel, O.P. (2004) Strategic Management and policy issues of NGOs2. Blank. 2000. The natural laws of leadership. Royal book company, Karachi3. Khan, Imdad. A. 1998. Changing pattern of rural leadership and their characteristics. Pakistan academy

for rural development, Peshawar, PakistanPaper 6 SOCIOLOGY OF SOCIAL CHANGE

The Study of Changeo The Social Scientific Perspectiveo Social and Cultural Evolution

The Components of Changeo Population Growth and Demographic Transitiono The Heritage and Dynamics of Cultureo Social Structures, Systems and Processes

The Engines of Changeo Social Movements: Concepts and Principleso Movements and Revolutions in Contexto The Process of Technological Innovation

Change at the Macro Levelo From Gemeinschaft to Gessellschaft: The Urbanization of the Human Populationo A World Dividedo The Market, Capitalism, and Socialismo Representative Government and the Modern Nation-state

Planned Change: Making tomorrow’s Societyo Development and Democratic Planningo Modernization and Postmodernismo The Political Economy of Globalization

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Swansen, G.E. Social Change, Glenview, III, Scott, Foresman and Co. 1971.2. Lapiere, R.T. Social Change, New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1965.3. Elzioni, A, and E. Elzioni, (eds), Social Change, New York: Basic Book Inc, 1964.4. Moore, W.E, Social Change, Englawood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice Hall Inc, 1974.5. Smith, A.D, The Concept of Social Change: A Critique of the Functionalist Theory of Social Change,

London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973.Paper 4 PRINCIPLES OF GENDER STUDIES (OPT-I)

Introduction to the Courseo Conceptualization of basic terms and definitionso Relation of Gender studies with Feminismo Feminism and the Sociological Feminismo Feminism and Social Institutions

Major Feminist Waves

o First wave Feministso Second wave Feministso Third Wave Feminists

Major Feminist Perspectiveso Liberal Feminismo Radical Feminismo Marxist Feminismo Socialist Feminismo Psychoanalytic Feminismo Theological Feminism

Gender Discrimination in Pakistani Social Institutionso Familyo Educationo Politicso Religiono Economy

Gender and Legislationo Constitution of Pakistan o Misogynistic constitutional clauses and acts o Women sexual harassment act at workplaceo Legal pluralism, legal polycentricity, legal culture-their relevance for women’s lives and lawo “Mysoginistic Trends in Islamic Jurisprudence”

Gender and Development.o Transitional practices in the third worldo Socialist societies in the global systemo Problems of Developmento The role of non-government organizations in gender developmento Practical and Strategic Gender Needs and the Role of the State.o Problems in Gender Developmento The role of non-government organizations in gender development o WID, WAD, GID and GAD

Contemporary Gender Issues in Pakistano Gender, Politics and Government (Reference to Pakistani Society).o Gender Roles, the family and the Householdo Gender and Administrative Post.o Gender, Employment and Economy.o Gender, Crime and Justice.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Abbott, Pamela and Wallace, Claire et. All. (2005). An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist Perspectives

Routledge: London2. Donovan, Josephine. (1995). Feminist Theory. Frederick Ungar Book: New York3. Moghissi, Haideh. (1999). Feminism and Islamic Fundamentalism: The limits of Postmodern analysis.

Oxford University Press: New York.Paper 5 CRIMINOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY OF DEVIANCE (OPT-II)

(Part 1 Deviance) Introduction

o Definitionso Natureo Relative phenomenon

o Difference between deviance and crime Deviance and Types of Deviance

o Social stigmao Mental illness

Social Factors and Deviance Function of Deviance Theories of Deviance

o Biological explanationo Psychological explanation

Sociological explanationo Functionalist theories of devianceo Conflict theories of devianceo Symbolic integrationist theories of deviance

Controlling Devianceo Deviance in global perspectiveo Debating social policyo Some Important Case Studies.

(Part 2 Criminology) Introduction

o Criminology and its scopeo Criminology and its law

Related Concepts o Deviancy o Sin o Viceo Crime as a social and cultural phenomenono Crime and social organizationo Crime as a social problemo Crime and social structure

Theories and Approaches to Criminal Behavioro Biological and environmental factorso Psychological and psychiatric determinantso Sociological and economic approacheso Islamic point of view

Crime and Criminalso The occasional criminalso The habitual criminalso The professional criminalso The white-collar crimeso The organized crimeso Corporate crimeso Custom based deviance and crimes

Juvenile delinquencyo Juvenile delinquency and crimeo Delinquency prevention at juvenile levelo Juvenile reformatorieso Probationo Other preventive measures/ programes with reference to Pakistan

Crime Statisticso Sources, difficulties and needo National crime statistics and its sociological interpretation

o International crime statistics and its sociological interpretationo Problems of reliability and validity

Detection of Crimeso Agencies of detection formal-informalo Techniques of detectiono Problems of detection

Trail and conviction of offenderso Agencies: formal/informal criminal courto Types, problems and procedures

Punitive and reformative treatments of criminalso Corporal punishmentso Capital punishmento Imprisonmento Prison and related problemso Probationo Paroleo Rehabilitation of criminalso Specific study of Islamic laws with special emphases on Hadood, Qisas and Tazir

Prevention of Crimeo Long term measureso Short term measures

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Aulak, An Mafid. Criminal Justice, Martin, Ramdy, 1991. Criminological Thnought- Pioneers, Past and

Present. Macmillan and Co.2. Jupp. Victor (1989), Methods of Criminological Research, London, Macmillan and Co.3. Hagon, John Modern (1987), Criminology , New York, McGraw Hill.4. Resen Berg M.M.: An Introduction to Sociology, Methven, New York, 1983.5. Curra, John, Understanding Social Deviance: From the Near Side to the outer limits, NewYork, Harper

Collins, 1994.Paper 7 SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN (OPT-I)

Introductiono Definition and Nature of Social Problemo Approaches to Social Problemso Characteristics of Social Problemso Classification of Social Problemso Role of Sociologists in solving Social Problems

Population Problemso High Population growth: causes and consequenceso Over population

Economic and Agricultural Problemso Industrializationo Agricultural credito Unemployment and underemployment

Drug and narcotic addictiono Drug addiction-factors causing its spread, socio-economic psychological and other effects on

individual and the family, remedial measureso Narcotics measures of control in Pakistani society

Problems of health and environmento Mental healtho Physical health and sanitation

o environmental problems Orientation to culture of Pakistan

o Value conflict in a changing societyo National unity and integrationo Problems of national character

Major Social Problems in Pakistano Beggaryo Child labor/ abuseo Bonded laboro Bad governanceo Gender discriminationo Illiteracyo Family violence

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: -1. Ahmed, Akber S. (1990). Pakistan: The Social Sciernces Perspective. Karachi: Oxford University

Press2. Birkhead, Guthrie S. (1966). Administrative Problems in Pakistan. New York: Syracuse University

Press.3. Joshi, S. C. (2005). Social Problems: Genesis, Causes and Magnitude. India: Akansha Publishing

House4. Korson, J. henry (1974). Contemporary Problems in Pakistan

Paper 8 Thesis (Opt-II)