Twinning Project Fiche

Strengthening the Public Security Directorate in the Fight Against Terrorism and Organised Crime.

JO07/AA/JH09

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1. Basic Information1.1 Programme: Support to the implementation of the EU-Jordan Association Agreement Programme (SAAP II)1.2 Twinning Number: JO07/AA/JH09

1.3 Title: Strengthening the Public Security Directorate in the fight against terrorism and organised crime.1.4 Sector: DAC Sector and Code: Security system management and reforms - 152101.5 Beneficiary country: Jordan2. Objectives2.1 Overall Objective(s): To support the Government of Jordan efforts to counter terrorism and organized crime in line with EU and international standards and best practices.

2.2 Project purpose: To strengthen the capacity of the Public Security Directorate -namely the Forensic Laboratories Department and the explosives section in the Preventive Security Department- to counter terrorism and organised crimes in line with EU and international standards and best practices.

2.3 Contribution to National Development Plan/Association Agreement/Action Plan

The Jordan-EU Association Agreement

The process of redirecting and strengthening the Mediterranean policy of the European Union led to the concept of an all-embracing Euro-Mediterranean Partnership which in turn provided the framework for the establishment of a Euro-Mediterranean free trade area by 2010.

Jordan was among the first Mediterranean Partners to embark on new association ties with the EU: negotiations were initiated on 18 July 1995 and completed on 24 November 1997, the date of signature of the EU-Jordan Association Agreement. This agreement was subsequently ratified by the European Parliament in July 1998 and the Jordanian Parliament in September 1999. The Association Agreement, which has also been ratified by 13 of the EU Member States, entered into force on 1 May 2002.

The Association Agreement sets the bases of technical sub-committees in which the two sides meet regularly to discuss and to advance the cooperation in the different fields, among which is security.

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Within this context, this twinning project takes into account, during the TGA preparation phase, the conclusions of the sub-committees on justice, security and human rights which were held in June 2005 and March 2007 as well as priorities of the Neighbourhood Policy Action plan.

The European Neighbourhood Policy

The objective of the European Neighbourhood Policy is to share the benefits of the EU’s 2004 enlargement with neighbouring countries in strengthening stability, security and well-being for all concerned countries. It is designed to prevent the emergence of new dividing lines between the enlarged EU and its neighbours and to offer them greater political, security, economic and cultural co-operation.The European Neighbourhood Policy is implemented through a five-year EU-Jordan Action Plan that can be regularly amended or updated. Action Plans, are jointly agreed with partner countries and cover a number of key areas for specific action: political dialogue and reform; trade and measures preparing partners for gradually obtaining a stake in the EUs Internal Market; justice and home affairs; energy, transport, information society, environment and research and innovation, social policy and people-to-people contacts. The Action Plans define the way ahead over the next three to five years.

Support to the Association Agreement Programme and Neighbourhood Policy Action Plan (SAAP-II)

In order to facilitate the implementation of the Association Agreement, the Support to the Implementation of the EU-Jordan Association Agreement Progamme (SAAP) was launched in 2002, with the overall objective to assist Jordan in the implementation of the Agreement requiring legislative and regulatory alignment of policies and regulations in the different fields, as well as to upgrade the Jordanian institutions to carry out necessary reforms. In October 2005, the financing agreement for the second phase of the programme was signed; the SAAP_II is directed towards supporting the implementation of the EU-Jordan Association Agreement Programme and the Action Plan of the Neighbourhood Policy.

The main goal of the support Programme is to help the Government of Jordan to meet the challenges of the implementation of the Jordan-EU Association Agreement, in particular:

To improve the capacity of the Government of Jordan (GoJ) to meet the commitments undertaken in the context of the EU-Jordan Association Agreement and other trade agreements;

To foster harmonisation of domestic legislative and regulatory framework with EU (or international) framework(s) and to facilitate subsequent enforcement;

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To enhance efficiency of the entities and authorities responsible for or related to the implementation of the AA, notably in terms of quality and costs;

To facilitate future negotiations.

The Support Programme is facilitating the implementation of the Association Agreement in a comprehensive and integrated approach, and therefore focuses on the priorities that are indicated in the EU-Jordan Action Plan.

3. Description3.1 Background and justification:

Jordan has pursued a policy of political, social and economic reform to improve living standards in the country. Measures of stability have taken into account security in addition to counter strategies for fighting terrorism. Accordingly, in January 2006, the Jordanian Parliament ratified the international convention for suppression of the financing of terrorism and in November 2006 the parliament ratified the preventing terrorism law no. 55 year 2006. Jordan was one of the first countries to identify and realize the danger of terrorism and terrorist groups. Serious endeavours of the GoJ have lead to the adoption of pre-emptive strategy against terrorist groups through locating terrorist organizations and formulations and dismantle them in addition to bringing them to justice in accordance with the rule of law. Despite the tremendous efforts which were exerted by the national security agencies, terrorism has found its way to disrupt the national security in 9 November 2005 when the country was shaken by three terrorist attacks in one day killing tens of innocent people. Though this incident was unique in the number of casualties it produced; unfortunately, it was not unique in nature. Terrorism has become a global phenomenon, where the international society is faced with a common security challenge affecting regional as well as global security and stability. There is a growing notion and conviction for the need to have a universal front and unification to fight against terrorism. This was interpreted by UN conventions in addition to other international and bilateral treaties bringing the international society together to achieve a common interest of peace and security.

Jordan has undertaken robust steps in its efforts to counter terrorism on the national, regional and international levels. To that end, it has elaborated and strengthened the legal as well as the international frameworks governing its counter terrorism efforts. In addition, Jordan has reiterated its full commitment towards its proactive engagement in this global challenge through embracing and adoption of all United Nations Security Council Resolutions related to counter terrorism (namely, 1373, 1333 and 1267) in addition to calling for international cooperation in this regard in numerous international forums.

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The EC support to the GoJ in this area was identified during the subcommittee on Justice and Security, held on June 6, 2005 and consequently in the following subcommittee which was held in March 2007. In line with this, it was agreed to support the Public Security Department (PSD) with a Twinning project that will strengthen its capacities in order to fulfill its objectives, tasks and functions in fighting against terrorism under SAAP II. This project attempts to improve the national capacities of the GoJ and mainly the PSD in relation to strengthening technical capacities of human resources through training and the establishment of the Explosives and Controlled Chemicals Analysis Lab.

This project marks a serious attempt to advance EU-Jordan cooperation in the field of security and counter terrorism on the ground through twinning the PSD with an equivalent EU MS administration. The capacity building which will be done through the twinning project will target two important security agencies, the Forensic Laboratories Department (FLD) and the explosives section in the Preventive Security Department. Both departments report hierarchically to the PSD.

The Forensic Laboratories Department (FLD) was established in 1/1/1965. It currently consists of 10 sections as follows:

1. Toxicology and Drugs Section2. Arson and Trace Evidence Section3. Biological Analysis Section4. Firearms & Tool Marks Section5. Questioned Documents Section6. Cyber Crime Section7. Photography Section8. Crime Scene Section9. Administration and Man Power Section10. K9 Section (police dogs).

General duties of the department include the following:

Utilizing all available scientific means in solving crimes and follow-up of relevant scientific development.

Monitoring & supervising the handling of physical evidence seizure. Holding advanced training courses in the fields of forensic labs and

physical &digital evidence. Technical supervision of crime scene divisions in the different police

directorates as well as providing them with technical requirements. Cooperation & coordination with the relevant authorities to fight crime

nationally and internationally. Maintaining police dogs Section for the detection of narcotics and

explosives, trace tracking, and dispersing riots. Participation in the national efforts to establish laws, rules and

regulations which relate to the duties and fields of FLD.

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The main challenge facing the FLD is the dynamic nature of the technical field which dictates the need for continuous capacity building and improved competencies. The forensic science is a dynamic science, in which new high technologies and advancements move in a very fast pace. The challenges facing the FLD in keeping up with these developments is a key priority for Jordan and goes in line with the Government's endeavours to combat terrorism. This project aims at raising the FLD's technical level in relation to analysis capacities in the area of detection, evidence collection and handling, forensic examination of bomb components material analysis; in addition to other areas specified in the below mentioned activities and components of this project. The project will also assist the Government of Jordan in meeting global terrorism challenges through updating and upgrading capacities with regards to forensics in general terms.

The Explosives Section in the Preventive Security Department is also a key security department with an important role in combating and preventing terrorism and organized crimes. The Section’s role is complementary to that of the FLD. The section deals with managing the bombed and crime scenes and the work of the officers is mainly on the field, while the FLD’s role is in the labs. The Section is under the Preventive Security Department and has 19 bomb squads located in Amman and in other locations in Jordan.

The general duties of the department include the following:

Fighting organized crimes. Fighting terrorist activities. Fighting terrorist intelligence. Fighting money laundering. Fighting weapons & explosives smuggling.

3.2 Linked activities (other international and national initiatives):

In October 2006, the EC funded a needs assessment concerning the counter-terrorism and penitentiary sectors. This project fiche was prepared taking into considerations the main findings and recommendations of the needs assessment.

3.3 Results:

Component 1: The technical capacity of the FLD is strengthened, resulting in an improved ability to counter terrorism and organised crimes.Component 2: The FLD's Explosives and Controlled Chemicals Analysis Lab is established and fully operational, resulting in an improved capacity on bomb scenes investigation and analysis.

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Component 3: The technical capacity of the Preventive and Security Department's Explosive Section is strengthened, resulting in an improved capacity on bomb scenes investigation and analysis.

3.4 Activities:

Component 1:

1.1.Carry out a capacity building/training needs analysis of the FLD's Sections (namely, Chemical Section Personnel, Biology Analysis Section, Questioned Documents Section, Fingerprint Section, Computer Crime Section, Crime Scene Section, Fire Arm and Tool Marks Section, Photography Section, K9 (police dogs Section), and prepare a comprehensive report.1.2. Prepare and deliver specific training courses for the FLD's Sections1.1.3. Organise seminars, workshops on EU standards and best practices on counter-terrorism issues. 1.4. Assist in the preparation for obtaining ISO 17025 for the FLD, especially the chemical and biology sections. 1.5. Assist in the preparation for obtaining International and local accreditation for the FLD, especially the chemical and biology sections. 1.6. Organize a study visits to similar labs in EU MS.1.7 Secondement/ traineeship of at least two officers for three months in the twinning partner institution.

Component 2:

2.1. Assess the current standards and requirements of the Explosives and Controlled Chemicals Analysis Lab and assist in the preparation for obtaining ISO 17025 for the Explosive and Controlled Chemicals Lab.2.2. Prepare and deliver specific training courses, including on-the-job training for the optimal operation and functioning of the Lab. 2.3. Prepare and deliver seminars on the new technologies and EU best practices in operating similar Labs. 1 Training courses could possibly include: -Analysis of paint, glass, narcotic and body fluid samples, pesticide in human bodies, arson, oil. heavy metal, explosives residual for home made and high explosives and chemical pollution; -specialised equipment (LCMS, IR, XRD, ICB, Portable mass spectrometer and XRD instrument in forensic science); -Analysis of hair samples, DNA (mitochondria); -Extraction of DNA from bone; -Determine of age of ink; -Currency counterfeit, especially Euros and US$; -Discrimination of typewriting; -Identification for protected documents (e.g. passports); -Teeth prints, foot prints and tire prints; -Distinguish and comparing voice; -Investigation in cyber crimes (electronics, internet, data retrieval); -Post explosion investigation at crime scenes; -Advanced course on arson crime scene (electric fire debris); -Homicide crime scene; -Training course on environmental crimes and sample collection; -Tool marks investigation; -Determination of firing age; -Digital photography; -Police dogs protection -Diagnosis of suspects

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3.4. Organise study visits to similar EU labs.

Component 3:

3.1. Carry out a capacity building/training needs analysis of the explosives section in the Preventive and Security Department and prepare a comprehensive report.3.2.Prepare and deliver specific training courses including (a) Induction/basic training for bomb squad newcomers, (b) handling explosives (IED), (c) street equipment for analysis (street labs or kits), (d) advanced bomb investigation (PBI), (e) new technologies and tools in collecting explosion evidences (PIIC), (f) Advanced technologies using robots, (g) managing explosion crime scene, (h) rebuilding crime scene software.

3.3. Organise study visits to equivalent EU MS Institutions/Agencies focusing on the following topics: (a) Explosives sections and departments’ organizational structures, training programmes, technologies, tools and equipments, geographic distribution of departments. (b) Explosives sections’ duties in managing explosives crime scene, chains of command, chains of custody, evidence analysis.3.5 Means/ Input from the MS Partner Administration:

3.5.1 Profile and tasks of the Project Leader

Qualifications and skills University degree in forensic science or any other scientific discipline

relevant to the assignment, or equivalent work experience. Knowledge and understanding of good governance and counter-

terrorism and organised crimes policy. Good analytical, appraisal and planning skills. Computer literacy (MS Office applications, Excel, e-mail, internet).

General Professional Experience At least 10 years experience in the area relevant to the assignment,

notably good governance and counter-terrorism and organised crimes matters.

Very good organisational, coordination, reporting and communication skills

Specific Professional Experience Proven ability to coordinate relevant cooperation projects. Previous work experience with Twinning Projects and knowledge of

EU Project Cycle Management tools will be an asset.

Language skills Excellent command of English, both spoken and written Knowledge of Arabic will be considered as an asset

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3.5.2 Profile and tasks of the RTA (to be seconded for 18 months)

Qualifications and skills University degree in forensic science or any other scientific discipline

relevant to the assignment, or equivalent work experience. Knowledge and understanding of good governance and counter-

terrorism and organised crimes policy. Good analytical, appraisal and planning skills. Computer literacy (MS Office applications, Excel, e-mail, internet).

General Professional Experience At least 10 years, but preferably 15 years experience in the area of

forensics. Familiarity with project management. Very good organisational, coordination, reporting and communication

skills Ability to adapt quickly to the local environment and understand

constraints and opportunities of it.

Specific Professional Experience A proven track record in the field of forensics gained with EU Member

States institutions and/or relevant national and international organisations.

Proven ability to organize, coordinate and manage human and financial resources.

Proven track record on the preparation and delivery of training programmes on forensics.

Previous work significant experience in the country or region will be an important asset.

Previous work experience with Twinning Projects and knowledge of EU Project Cycle Management tools will be an asset.

Language skills Excellent command of English, both spoken and written Knowledge of Arabic will be considered as an asset

3.5.3 Profile and tasks of the short-term experts

Expert in criminal use of explosive

Qualifications and skills University degree in a discipline relevant to the assignment, or

equivalent work experience on good governance and counter-terrorism and organised crimes matters.

Knowledge and understanding of good governance and counter-terrorism and organised crimes policy.

Good analytical, appraisal and planning skills.

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Computer literacy (MS Office applications, Excel, e-mail, internet).

General Professional Experience At least 10 years, but preferably 15 years experience in the area

relevant to the assignment, notably good governance and counter-terrorism and organised crimes matters.

Familiarity with project management. Very good organisational, coordination, reporting and communication

skills Ability to adapt quickly to the local environment and understand

constraints and opportunities of it.

Specific Professional Experience A proven track record in the field of criminal use of explosives gained

with EU Member States institutions and/or relevant national and international organisations.

Proven track record on the preparation and delivery of training programmes for bomb investigation issues.

Knowledge of the most recent technologies and tools in counter terrorism and organized crime.

Previous work significant experience in the country or region will be an important asset.

Previous work experience with Twinning Projects and knowledge of EU Project Cycle Management tools will be an asset.

Language skills:

Excellent command of English, both spoken and written Knowledge of Arabic will be considered as an asset

In addition to the RTA and key expert on explosives, the twinning project foresees the involvement of a pool of short-term experts to support the RTA to undertake the activities foreseen in the project. A more detailed profile of the short-term experts will be elaborated in conjunction with the EU Twinning Partner during the drafting of the Work Plan. But general minimum qualifications of the experts include the following:

University Degree relevant to the assignments, especially in chemistry, biology and physics.

At least ten years of practical experience in forensics / explosives of which at least five years of relevant work experience in the area relevant to the assignment.

They must have an excellent command of English, both spoken and written.

4. Institutional Framework

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The PSD is the beneficiary institution of the twinning project and the departments which will be targeted by the twinning project are the FLD and the Bomb Section of the Preventive Security Department. The RTA will be based in the FLD which will provide the necessary office space and facilities.

Project Steering CommitteeA Project Steering Committee (PSC) will be established for the supervision and coordination of project activities and for ensuring that an effective coordination takes place between the different components of the project. PSC will meet quarterly, and ad hoc as required, and will be chaired by the PSD. The Steering Committee members shall include the EU MS Twinning Partner, FLD, the Preventive Security Department, the PSD, the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, the EU Delegation (as observer) and other relevant institutions with an observatory status. PSC composition will be detailed during the drafting of the work plan.

5. BudgetThe project budget is Euro 1.000.000

6. Implementation Arrangements 6.1 Implementing Agency responsible for tendering, contracting and

accounting

Ministry of Planning and International CooperationMr. Marwan Al-RefaiProgramme Administration OfficeSupport to the implementation of the EU-Jordan Association AgreementP.O. Box 555 Amman, 11118 JordanFax: 00 962 6 464 9024Marwan.r@mop.gov.jo

6.2 Main counterpart in the BC

Public Security Directorate SecretariatColonel Edwan EdwanDirector of Public Security SecretariatP.O.Box: 935 Amman- JordanFax: 00962 6 5635797Edwan.edwan@psd.gov.jo

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7. Implementation Schedule (indicative)7.1 Launching of the call for proposals: 5 July 20077.2 Start of project activities: 10 March 20087.3 Work plan duration: The project will have a duration of 18 months

8. Crosscutting issues

This twinning fiche fosters the EC cross-cutting issues and particularly good governance, and security. Indeed one of the project wider objectives aims at improving the security and stability in the country, region and globally. 9. Conditionality and sequencing

Key assumptions are:

Peace in the country and the region. Counter terrorism reform continues to be on the agenda of the Jordanian

Government. The Jordanian Government provides sufficient human and material

resources under the National Budget for the implementation of counter terrorism reforms.

Full commitment from the PSD to work towards the achievements of the project objectives and to mobilise the necessary human resources during and beyond the end of the project.

Full commitment from the PSD to work towards the achievements of the project objectives and to mobilise the necessary human resources during the project life.

Good cooperation between PSD and EU MS Twinning Partner Full commitment from the European twinning partner to mobilize

suitable experts. Trained people remain in service

Sequencing

The twinning assistance will:

Strengthen the technical capacity of the FLD, and support to establish the Explosives and Controlled Chemicals Analysis Lab (within the FLD) resulting in an improved ability to counter terrorism and organised crimes (Components 1 and 2).

Strengthen the technical capacity of the Preventive and Security Department's Explosive Section, resulting in an improved capacity on bomb scenes investigation and analysis (Component 3).

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ANNEXES TO PROJECT FICHE

1. Logical framework matrix in standard format 2. Background information on the FLD

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Annex 1: LOGICAL FRAMEWORK – 'Strengthening the Public Security Directorate in the fight against terrorism and organised crime' –Budget: 1 MEUR

Overall Objective Objectively Verifiable Indicators

Sources of Verification Assumptions

To support the Government of Jordan efforts to counter terrorism and organized crimes in line with EU and international standards and best practices.

Reports from the EU institutions, EU MS, national and international organisations confirming an improved security and stability in the country, region and globally.

-Reports prepared by the EU institutions and national and international organizations, and the PSD.-Government reports -Articles in newspapers and/or websites

Specific ObjectiveTo strengthen the capacity of the Public Security Directorate -namely the Forensic Laboratories Department and the explosives section in the Preventive Security Department- to counter terrorism and organised crimes in line with EU and international standards and best practices.

-Reports from the EU institutions, EU MS, and national and international organisations confirming progress to counter terrorism and organised crimes and an improved security and stability in the country.

-Reports prepared by the EU institutions and national and international organizations, and the PSD.-Government Reports-Reports from EU MS Twinning Partner-Statistical data generated by the Government-Twinning Project final report-Articles in newspaper and/or websites

-Peace in the country and the region.-Counter terrorism reform continues to be on the agenda of the Jordanian Government.-The Jordanian Government provides sufficient human and material resources under the National Budget for the implementation of counter terrorism reforms. Full commitment from the PSD to work towards the achievements of the project objectives and to mobilise the necessary human resources beyond the end of the project.

ResultsComponent 1: The technical capacity of the FLD is strengthened, resulting in an improved ability to counter terrorism and organised crimes.

Component 1-TNA prepared and approved-Capacity building strategy/programme prepared and approved-No of Training material prepared

-Reports prepared by the EU institutions and national and international organizations, and the PSD.

-Government Reports

-Peace in the country.

-Counter terrorism reform continues to be on the agenda of the Jordanian Government.

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Component 2: The FLD's Explosives and Controlled Chemicals Analysis Lab is established and fully operational, resulting in an improved capacity on bomb scenes investigation and analysis.

Component 3: The technical capacity of the Preventive and Security Department's Explosive Section is strengthened, resulting in an improved capacity on bomb scenes investigation and analysis.

-No. of training courses delivered-No. of trained staff-No. of seminars, workshops organised-No of study visits to EU MS institutions organised.- ISO 17025 is obtained.- International and local accreditation for the chemical and biology sections are obtained.

Component 2-Report on the Lab analysis-No of Training material prepared-No. of training courses carried out-No. of trained staff-No. of seminars organised

Component 3-TNA prepared and approved-Capacity building strategy/programme prepared and approved-No of Training material prepared-No. of training courses carried out-No. of trained staff-No. of seminars, workshops organised-No of study visits to EU MS institutions organised

-Reports from EU MS Twinning Partner

-Twinning Project reports

-M&E reports

-Articles in newspaper and/or websites

-Full commitment from the PSD to work towards the achievements of the project objectives and to mobilise the necessary human resources during the project life.

-Good cooperation between PSD and EU MS Twinning Partner

-Trained people remain in service

- Full commitment from the European twinning partner to mobilize suitable experts.

Activities Means Costs Pre-conditionsComponent 1 -Carry out a capacity building/training

One twinning agreement € 1,000,000

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needs analysis of the FLD's Sections and prepare a comprehensive report.-Prepare and deliver specific training courses for the FLD's Sections.-Organise seminars, workshops on EU standards and best practices on counter-terrorism issues -Assist in the preparation for obtaining ISO 17025 for the chemical and biology sections. -Assist in the preparation for obtaining International and local accreditation for the chemical and biology sections. -Organize study visit to at least 3 officers to similar labs in EU MS.

Component 2-Assess the current standards and requirements of the Explosives and Controlled Chemicals Analysis Lab and assist in the preparation for obtaining ISO 17025 for the Explosive and Controlled Chemicals Lab.-Prepare and deliver specific training courses, including on-the-job training for the optimal operation and functioning of the Lab. -Prepare and deliver seminars on the new technologies and EU best practices in operating similar Labs.

Component 3 -Carry out a capacity building/training needs analysis of the explosives section in the Preventive and Security Department and prepare a comprehensive report.-Prepare and deliver specific training courses including (a) Induction/basic training for bomb squad newcomers, (b)

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handling explosives (IED), (c) street equipment for analysis (street labs or kits), (d) advanced bomb investigation (PBI), (e) new technologies and tools in collecting explosion evidences (PIIC), (f) Advanced technologies using robots, (g) managing explosion crime scene, (h) rebuilding crime scene software.-Organise study visits to equivalent EU MS Institutions/Agencies focusing on the following topics: (a) Explosives sections and departments’ organizational structures, training programmes, technologies, tools and equipments, geographic distribution of departments. (b) Explosives sections’ duties in managing explosives crime scene, chains of command, chains of custody, evidence analysis.

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Annex 2: Background information on the FLD

Introduction:Realizing the importance of science in solving crimes the Public Security Directorate (PSD) established the Forensic Laboratories Department (FLD) on 1/1/1965. The laboratory has developed over the years until reaching the current level.

In a quick review of the Laboratory development stages, it is worthy to mention the development of techniques and staff expertise during 1980’s, when many techniques were introduced such as gas chromatograph, atomic absorption, electro fourier, in addition to training staff (both old & new) in advanced labs. During the 1990’s, various techniques were introduced like gas chromatograph/ mass spectrometry and fluorescent x-ray.

Since then, the Laboratory - supported by the PSD -has witnessed remarkable development in all fields:- Concerning the organizational level, Crime Scene Section was

established on 4/5/1997. It includes Fingerprint Techniques Branch. This Section is responsible for all matters relating to crime scene and the crime scene subsections in the Police Directorates. In addition, Police Dogs Unit was attached to this Department on 14/1/1998. On 6/2/1998, Computer Crime Section was established and there was a re-organization and the Department became known as the Forensic Laboratories Department (FLD) consisting of 10 sections.

- As far as staff is concerned, holders of academic degrees in the various specializations have been recruited to cope with the scientific development and the increase in workload, and to prepare a new generation of forensic experts.

- The PSD has always been keen on training its staff and on following-up of all advances in forensic science. Thus, a large number of the Department personnel are continually participating in special training courses abroad. Also, the department holds various technical courses in the fields of fingerprint techniques, questioned documents, firearms, criminal photography, and physical & digital evidence. A number of staff from FLD and those working in the field participate in those courses, in addition to experts from the Arab countries.

- FLD also witnessed significant improvements in the field of technical equipment. The most recent DNA techniques were introduced and since then, work commenced regularly with this important technique. In addition, several important forensic techniques were introduced such as: fibers examination technique, Genetic Analyzer, glass examination technique. A new gas

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chromatograph/ mass spectrometer along with a database of 150000 chemical compounds has been introduced into FLD. Also, there has been an increase in the number of gas chromatographs with all kinds of sensors. Some of them were provided with an automatic injector of a capacity of 100 vials. In order to eliminate the problem of arresting suspects and waiting for the results, the technique of the immediate dug detection in urine has also been introduced. In addition, two new methods for analyzing drugs and toxicants were discovered, the fact which saved time and effort producing more accurate results.

- In the field of firearms examination, the automatic firearms examination system “Drugfire” was introduced. It is the first of its kind in the Arab region. 14000 firearms were processed via Drugfire and work is continuing to build a database of firearms. Several modern microscopes were purchased for this purpose. In addition, tool marks expertise was activated by sending two personnel of this section for training in Germany on this subject. Also a part of the necessary equipment was purchased.

- In the field of detecting forgery and counterfeit, the relevant section was provided with the most recent technology including microscopic, ultraviolet and infrared techniques. In addition, an electronic library containing currency banknotes of 150 countries was installed. The library includes detailed images of the banknotes along with their security features to be used as a reference while handling counterfeit cases. Also, FLD staff managed to connect “Docucenter” to computer.

- In the field of fingerprints, all worldwide technologies were introduced such as: UV, Super Glue, chemical reaction, full vacuum and precipitating gold on invisible fingerprints. Also introduced were special cameras connected to laptops in order to be used at crime scene for detection and storing fingerprints on CD’s. In addition, SICAR system was introduced for the storage and comparison of footprints.

- Concerning cyber crime, the most recent technical section at FLD, and its personnel were trained in several advanced countries in this field. The necessary equipment was provided. Also, voice comparison analysis and comparison techniques were added to the section.

- As far as criminal photography is concerned, digital cameras were introduced for the purpose of acquiring a full documentation of crime scene via CD’s and digital printing technique.

- At the administrational level, methods of work were developed using computer. All data relevant to any sample along with examination results have been computerized. This enabled full documentation of samples and work volume in terms of three levels: FLD level, section level or expert level.

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- Concerning Police Dogs Unit, the section was provided with several specialized detection dogs including explosives, narcotics, etc.

- In the beginning of 2001 many advanced techniques were introduced into FLD, including the Multi-Sensor High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. This technique has been used at FLD since 1985. Also introduced was the technique of SceneScope, the detection & photographing of fingerprints prior to lifting & processing.

- As far as genetics are concerned, work was developed to global standards when it has become possible now to detect 16 genetic loci. Also in the beginning of 2001 the Electronic-Scanning Microscope has been installed in order to detect all kinds of elements and their oxides, to compare glass and paint samples, and to test gunshot residues.

- Thus I witnessed the development of the FLD from nearly its beginning and the efforts made in this field. In the beginnings it was possible to detect substance in grams and milligrams, but now detection is in nanograms. In the past, unknown substance was suspected to be a certain material, but now it is exactly identified. FLD began with a manual database containing several thousands of chemicals. Now there is an electronic database containing hundreds of thousands of chemicals.

- In short, the FLD has started a new stage. Its role is no longer reactive but it will also be active in fighting crime effectively depending on the databases of fingerprints, firearms, foot and footwear prints, paint, and DNA.

- If it is impossible to terminate crime, it is still possible to keep it to the minimum limits and to bring criminals to justice. This is what the FLD will contribute to achieve due to hard work and continuous support by the leadership of Public Security Directorate and guidance of His Majesty King Abdullah the Second.

Colonel Dr. Ghazi Mubarak Al-ThneibatDirector of Forensic Laboratories Department

General Duties of the Department

• Utilizing all available scientific means in solving crimes and follow-up of relevant scientific development.

• Monitoring & supervising the handling of physical evidence seizure.

• Holding advanced training courses in the fields of forensic labs and physical &digital evidence.

• Technical supervision of crime scene divisions in the different police directorates as well as providing them with technical requirements.

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• Cooperation & coordination with the relevant authorities to fight crime nationally and internationally.

• Maintaining police dogs Section for the detection of narcotics and explosives, trace tracking, and dispersing riots.

• Participation in the national efforts to establish laws, rules and regulations which relate to the duties and fields of FLD.

Toxicology and Drugs Section: Detection & recognition of pesticides and toxicants in human body and other samples.• Recognition of alcohol in blood.• Examination, classification and recognition of narcotics samples.

Available Techniques:• Gas chromatograph Spectrometer, Gas Chromatograph Mass,

and High Performance Liquid Chromatograph.• UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Spectrophotometer Infrared.• Enzyme Immunoassay, used for detecting urine in blood.• Atomic Absorption, X-ray Fluorescence Polar graph,

Microwave digestion oven.• Thin Layer Chromatography Scanner.

Arson and Trace Evidence Section:• Examination & recognition of arson debris, and determination of

oil derivatives.• Examination & recognition of explosions residues.• Examination of gunshot residues on bodies of victims and

shooters, and determination of shooting distance.• Examination of glass and paint samples found at crime scenes.• Examination & comparison of dye and ink samples.• Setting up a database for trace evidence.

Available Techniques:• Gas Chromatograph Spectrometer, Gas Chromatograph-Mass,

High Performance Liquid Chromatograph, all used for examining fire and explosions traces, alcohol concentration in blood and body fluids, and analyzing paint via infrared.

• Atomic Absorption, Atomic Absorption –Graphite Furnace, used for examining gunshot residues and detecting minerals and ions.

• X-ray Fluorescence, Electron - Scanning Microscope, used for detecting chemical elements and oxides, comparing glass and paint samples, and examining gunshot residues.

• (GRIM) Refractive Index, used for examining and comparing glass samples.

Biological Analysis Section:

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- Identification of unknown stains and body fluids, and determining whether they are of human origin.

- Recognition of blood groups according to the A.B.O system.- Comparison of hair and fibers and determining their origin:

whether natural or synthetic.- Conducting DNA tests via PCR-STR method.- Setting up a DNA database for convicts & suspects.

Available Techniques:- Spectrophotometer, used to determine the amount of DNA in

the extracted forensic samples.- PCR Thermal Cycler, used for amplifying DNA.- Mini Gel Submarine Electrophoresis, used for checking the

availability of amplified DNA.- 3130 XL + ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer, used to perform DNA

profiling of the genetic loci for each sample.- Light microscopes to detect semen and compare fibers and hair.- FX5 -Forensic Fiber Finder, based on light absorption of

pigments found on fibers, the fact which contributed to solving many hit-and-run, vehicle theft and sexual assault cases.

- Fluorescent Microscope which is used to detect epithelium cells (the preliminary stage of DNA extraction).

Firearms & Tool Marks Section- Examining firearms and gunshot residues such as cartridge

cases and bullets.- Conducting microscopic comparison and connecting traces.- Determination of the path, distance and angle of shooting.- Examination of tool marks and comparing them with suspect

tools.- Setting up a database for firearms traces using “DrugFire”

system.

Available Techniques:- Automatic Firearms Examination System “Drugfire” with its

peripherals (printer, microscope, camera, bullet processing unit). This system represents the most advanced technique in the examination of firearm traces. It also enables the storage and comparison of traces via its database.-Semi-automatic comparison microscope to examine bullets and

cases.- Manual comparison microscope to examine bullets and cases.- Digital video camera connected to the microscope.- Monitor connected to the camera.

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- Printer connected to the monitor to print out the displayed image on thermal paper in order to produce the matching images valid for court.

- Endoscope, a light-based instrument for examining deep and dark areas such as gun barrels.

- DMC, the most recent comparison microscope for examining bullets and cartridge cases.

- Laser unit, for determination of shooting path and angle.

Questioned Documents Section- Examining documents to detect any possible forgery.- Comparison of handwritten and printed material...- Examining banknotes and coins to detect any possible

counterfeit.

Available Techniques:- (VSC-1) for invisible rays including UV, IF, blue illumination, and

penetrating light, used for a wide range of examinations:• Detection of counterfeit• Examination of questioned documents such as passports, ID’s,

…etc • Recognition of inks.• Detection of document forgery method (erasure, obliteration,

addition ... etc).• Detection of secret (invisible) writing.- ESDA, a very sensitive and fast unit used for detection of

indented writing without damaging the document. - MH 400, an infrared and visible light source used with VSC-1.- Stereo Microscope, Projectina Docucente, Mobile Docubox

impro 2000, Projectina VCM, all used for detecting forgery and counterfeit including handwritten or printed materials, obliteration, modification and partial or full counterfeit.

Cyber Crime Section:- Technical investigation of cyber crime.- Analysis, extraction and rebuild digital evidence.- Filtering, analysis and comparison of voice.- Follow-up of any developments in the field of cyber crime and

combating viruses.- Video and images samples analysis enhancement.

Available Techniques:- Portable unit for detecting cyber crime and investigation of

suspect files and emails.- Voice filtering, analysis, and recognition unit.- Voice filtering and enhancing unit used for removing noise.

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Photography Section:- Forensic photographing of all examined crime scenes.- Photographing fingerprints at the crime scene or after lifting for

facilitating later comparison and matching.- Photographing questioned documents for later comparison.- Participation in photographing various occasions and activities

of PSD.- Photographing all PSD personnel.- Developing and printing films sent by PSD directorates and

department.

Available Techniques:- Different types of Cameras for Photographing the various

incidents and activities.- Various kinds of flash lights.- Video camera for moving photography of incidents and re-

construction of crime scene.- “Noretsu” film developing machine.- “Noretsu” film printing machine.- “Sun Marco” lab system for enlarging photos.- Digital cameras for photographing and documentation of crime

scene.

Crime Scene Section:- Examining crime scene scientifically and technically.- Lifting and seizing physical and digital evidence according to

the nature of each type of evidence.- Preparing crime scene reports, photo albums and sketches.

Available Techniques:- Super glue technique, used for detection of latent fingerprints in

smooth and semi-porous surfaces like glass, metal (firearms), adhesive tapes (smooth & adhesive sides), leather, plastic, processed wood and smooth paper surfaces, using White light Fingerprint Detection Image Processing System FIP-300 /Japan.

- Ninhydrin + ZnCl2 or DFO technique, used for detecting fingerprints on porous surfaces such as paper, carton, newspapers, banknotes and bloody fingerprints found on carton paper, using White light Fingerprint Detection Image Processing System FIP-300 /Japan.

- SPR (Small Particle Reagent) Pressure Cylinder, used as spray for detecting fingerprints on smooth wet surfaces.

- Bloody fingerprint detection technique, using Leuchmalachite green solution which reacts with the blood hemoglobin in bloody fingerprints.

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- Detection of fingerprints on fax paper (thermal paper) technique, using NBD-CL solution.

- Detecting greasy fingerprints technique, using Sudan Black B solution.

- All those techniques are used separately or collectively to detect fingerprints at crime scene. In addition, luminous fluorescent powder is used to detect fingerprints on immovable smooth at crime scene using:

1. IMAGE Collector IP-4007/ Japan.2. Polilight PL10 / Australia

- Electrostatic Shoeprint technique, used for lifting latent and dusty footwear prints at crime scene.

- Super glue FR.200 evaporator, used for detecting fingerprints on smooth and semi-porous surfaces.

- Identicoat 500, used for detecting fingerprints on smooth surfaces with high sensitivity especially old fingerprints by precipitating gold on fingerprint lines.

- Dactyl – Liet, used for detection and photographing of dusty footwear prints lifted at crime scene.

Administration & Human Resources Section- Utilizing all available scientific methods in solving crime and

follow-up of scientific developments in this field.- Guidance and supervision concerning handling seizure of

evidence.- Holding specialized courses in the fields of labs and physical

and digital evidence.- Technical supervision of crime scene sections in the field and

providing them with their technical needs.- Maintaining the Police Dogs Unit for detection of narcotics and

explosives, trace tracking, and dispersing riots. - Cooperation and coordination with the relevant authorities in

combating crime nationally and internationally.- Participation in the national efforts of establishing laws and

regulations relating to the work and specialization of FLD.

Police Dogs SectionThis section contains several breeds of dogs trained for:

- Narcotics detection.- Explosives detection.- Combating terrorism.- Patrols.- Trace tracking.

Narcotics and explosives detection dogs perform daily work at airports and borders searching planes, vehicles and luggage.

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Duties of Section:

- Searching for narcotics and explosives.- Assistance in hostage rescue and combating terrorism.- Assistance in dispersing stadium riots.- Tracking spies, intruders, smugglers and fugitives.- Performing foot patrols to maintain security and order.- Searching for missing persons.- Holding training courses constantly for dogs in service.- Lecturing police friends club on police dogs work and their role

in solving crime.

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