Anne M. Jochum, Alfonso Calera & Andrés Cuesta Instituto de Desarrollo Regional. Albacete...

Anne M. Jochum, Alfonso Calera & Andrés Cuesta

Instituto de Desarrollo Regional. Albacete Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha

Earth Observation technologies to improve

Irrigation Advisory Services

D E M E T E R D E M E T E R Project co-funded by the European Commission

EVG1-CT-2002-00078

DEMDEMonstration of EEarth observation TeTechnologies in RRoutine irrigation advisory services

D E M E T E RD E M E T E R

Objectives

To improve the efficiency in the use of water for irrigation

To assess, develop, and demonstrate how

to improve the performance and cost-effectiveness to improve the performance and cost-effectiveness of IAS by incorporating EO techniques of IAS by incorporating EO techniques in daily operationsin daily operations;

to make information easily available to IAS and farmers to make information easily available to IAS and farmers (end-users) by integrating IT in the information generation (end-users) by integrating IT in the information generation and distribution.and distribution.

Increase crop water productivityIncrease crop water productivity

moremore

cropcropss

mormoree

jobsjobsperper

dropdropWaterWater

productiviproductivityty

Sustainable Sustainable AgricultureAgriculture

RuralRural

developmentdevelopment

DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologiesin Routine irrigation advisory services

MAPyA.....Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación

INEA…….……....Instituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria

IDRHa…..Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural e Hidráulica

DEMETER is user-drivenDEMETER is user-drivenC

ore

Co

reU

sers

Use

rsITAP...............Instituto Técnico Agronómico Provincial

DxSele…….................Consorzio di Bonifica Destra Sele

ABCaia..................Associação de Beneficiários do Caia


DEMETER is policy-orientedDEMETER is policy-oriented

Nat

ion

al

Nat

ion

al

Co

re U

sers

Co

re U

sers

Kc

Evapotranspiration of crops

ETo

Phenology crops

Agroclimatic Station

ETc

Outputs

Measurements

Current procedure:

Irrigation Advisory Service Albacete

•Irrigation Communities•Local press•Local TV•Answer phone•Fax•Visits to private sites•Internet: www.itap.es

The distribution of data

to the user

Current procedure:

Irrigation Advisory Service Albacete

http://www.itap.es/

http://www.itap.es/


Space and IT assisted Irrigation Advisory Service (e-SAIAS)

Irrigation Advisory Service (Current situation)

DEMETER

Information Technology ModuleWeather and climate information:

rainfall (previous dates predictions), other data

Information Technology

Earth Observation Module

Kc

Advanced productsRemote Sensing

Field work

Agrometeorological stations

Kc

ETo

Crop Water Requirement (FAO

procedure)

End user

(farmer)

PRODUCT LEVEL

PARAMETER

BasicBasicCrop coefficient, KcKc (derived from NDVI)

AdvancedAdvanced

KcKc (analytical approach) Ground fractional coverGround fractional cover Leaf area index (LAILAI) Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically available radiation (fAPARfAPAR) Accumulated (dry) biomassAccumulated (dry) biomass Irrigation performance indicatorsIrrigation performance indicators

PotentialWater stress indicator (water index) Canopy water content Evaporative fraction


Specification of DEMETER products

20 - 30 m sufficient to resolve plots of 10000 m2

4 - 6 days weekly irrigation scheduling cycles


Space-time resolution

Spatial ResolutionSpatial Resolution

Temporal ResolutionTemporal Resolution

EO virtual satellite constellationSatellite Repeat cycle

(days)Image size Bands

(number)Spatial

resolution

ASTER 16 60 Km x 60 Km

VIS (2)

NIR (1)

15 m

SWIR (6) 30 m

TIR (5) 90 m

IRS-C 24 142 Km x 142 Km

VIS (2)

NIR (1)

23 m

SWIR (1) 70 m

IRS-D 25 148 Km x 148 Km

same as IRS-C

Landsat 5 16 185 Km x 185 Km

VIS (3)

NIR (1)

SWIR (2)

30 m

TIR (1) 60 m

Landsat 7 16 same as Landsat 5

Spot 1,2,3 26

Varies with latitude

60 Km x 60 Km

VIS (2)

NIR (1)

20 m

Spot 4 26

Varies with latitude

60 Km x 60 Km

VIS (2)

NIR (1)

SWIR (1)

20 m

full set of high-resolution satellites+ inter-satellite cross-calibration procedure (Martínez and Calera, 2001)

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

1,60

1-m

ar

15-m

ar

29-m

ar

12-a

br

26-a

br

10-m

ay

24-m

ay

7-jun

21-jun

5-jul

19-jul

2-a

go

16-a

go

30-a

go

13-s

ep

27-s

ep

11-o

ct

25-o

ct

dates

Kc

maize

wheat

IRS

LANDSAT 7

Kc evolution of wheat and maizeKc evolution of wheat and maize

initial development reprod. maturation

initial matura.reprod.development

WHEATWHEAT

MAIZEMAIZE

3 Modules

IT component

> in pilot zone GIS and > IAS input stream

> complementary data sources> display & visualization

> general, public > personalized

Information-Decision-Interface

Information distribution s

EO data integration s


Caia (Portugal)

Mixed crops, horticulture, olive trees

Barrax (Spain)

Cereals

Destra Sele (Italy)

Mixed crops, fruit trees

Pilot zones

RESULTS - 1RESULTS - 1

Intensive field campaignIntensive field campaign

Period:Period: May-October 2001 May-October 2001

Crop:Crop: Maize (Barrax, Albacete) Maize (Barrax, Albacete)

Measured Biophysic Parameters: Measured Biophysic Parameters: Green cover, LAI, Biomass, HeightGreen cover, LAI, Biomass, Height

Field Radiometry :Field Radiometry : GER3700 GER3700

Field radiometry

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

LA

I

DOY

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

gre

en f

c

DOY

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Bio

mas

s (K

g/m

2)

DOY

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Hei

gh

t (m

)

DOY

LAILAI

BiomassBiomassHeightHeight

gfcgfc

Field Campaign on maize 2001. Experimental resultsField Campaign on maize 2001. Experimental results

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

gre

en f

c

DOY

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

CG

R Id

.

DOY

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Kcb

DOY

(g m

-2 d

ay-1)

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

ND

VI

Día Juliano Día Juliano

NDVINDVI

gfcgfc CGRCGR

KcbKcb

Field Campaign on maize 2001. Experimental resultsField Campaign on maize 2001. Experimental results

Step 1: Kcb from NDVI

Fig (1). Temporal evolution of Kcb and NDVI of maize during phenological cycle.

NDVI from experimental campaign during growing season year 2001.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

150 200 250 300

NDVINDVI

Kcb

DOY

Kcb

RESULTS - 2RESULTS - 2

Extensive field campaignExtensive field campaign

Year:Year: 2002 2002

Pilot Zone:Pilot Zone: Barrax, Spain Barrax, Spain

Landsat 7 Landsat 7 RGB 543RGB 543 color composite date: color composite date: 26/5/0226/5/02

barleybarley barleybarley

maizemaize maizemaize

Superpose rural cadaster over the image

1 Km

60 m

60 m buffer to minimize the border effect

Cross NDVI information with rural cadaster

0,0000

10,0000

20,0000

30,0000

40,0000

50,0000

60,0000

70,0000

80,0000

dates

ND

VIs

Pivot A

Pivot B

Pivot D

Pivot C

NDVIs HistogramNDVIs Histogram

Date: 26/5/02

NDVI map RGB image

0,0000

10,0000

20,0000

30,0000

40,0000

50,0000

60,0000

70,0000

80,0000

dates

ND

VIs

Pivot A

Pivot B

Pivot D

Pivot C


Date: 2/6/02

NDVI map RGB image

0,0000

10,0000

20,0000

30,0000

40,0000

50,0000

60,0000

70,0000

80,0000

dates

ND

VIs

Pivot A

Pivot B

Pivot D

Pivot C


Date: 11/6/02

NDVI map RGB image

0,0000

10,0000

20,0000

30,0000

40,0000

50,0000

60,0000

70,0000

80,0000

dates

ND

VIs

Pivot A

Pivot B

Pivot D

Pivot C


Date: 18/6/02

NDVI map RGB image

0,0000

10,0000

20,0000

30,0000

40,0000

50,0000

60,0000

70,0000

80,0000

dates

ND

VIs

Pivot A

Pivot B

Pivot D

Pivot C


Date: 4/7/02

NDVI map RGB image

0,0000

10,0000

20,0000

30,0000

40,0000

50,0000

60,0000

70,0000

80,0000

dates

ND

VIs

Pivot A

Pivot B

Pivot D

Pivot C


Date: 5/8/02N

DV

Is

NDVI map RGB image

26/5/02 2/6/02

11/6/02 18/6/02

4/7/02 5/8/02

0,0000

10,0000

20,0000

30,0000

40,0000

50,0000

60,0000

70,0000

80,0000

dates

ND

VIs

Pivot A

Pivot B

Pivot D

Pivot C

SummarizingSummarizing

MethodologyMethodology

to obtainto obtain

Crop Water Crop Water RequirementsRequirements

LANDSAT 7 RGB 543 LANDSAT 7 RGB 543 26/5/0226/5/02

30 Km30 Km

30 K

m30

Km

PILOT ZONE : BARRAXPILOT ZONE : BARRAX

Irrigation Zones Irrigation Zones (Water Management Units)(Water Management Units)

Kc mapKc map

ETc mapETc map

NDVI mapNDVI map

WMUs over NDVI layerWMUs over NDVI layer

NDVI mapNDVI map

Kc map Kc map

ETc map ETc map

NDVI map NDVI map

Kc map Kc map

ETc map ETc map

NDVI map NDVI map

Kc map Kc map

ETc map ETc map

ETo map ETo map

NDVI map NDVI map

Kc map Kc map

ETo map ETo map

Mapa ETcMapa ETcETc map ETc map

NDVI map NDVI map

Kc map Kc map

Crop Water Requirements map

(Users)

ETc map ETc map

ETo map ETo map

Plot: 5003 C.W.Requirement: 7 mm


Conclusions

• EO adds spatial dimension;

• IT adds interaction with / participation of all users;

• EO mature & directly matches FAO procedure;

• EO virtual constellation solves time-space constraint;

• pre-operational campaign shows potential of real-time operations.

http://www.demeter-ec.nethttp://www.demeter-ec.net

Anne M. Jochum, Alfonso Calera & Andrés Cuesta Instituto de Desarrollo Regional. Albacete...

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