Ankle Pain Following Hip Arthroscopy - · PDF fileIntroduction Of all the reported...
Transcript of Ankle Pain Following Hip Arthroscopy - · PDF fileIntroduction Of all the reported...
Ankle Pain Following Hip Arthroscopy
Schiffman ED, McCarthy JC, Lee JA, Kwon JY
Introduction
In 1988 hip arthroscopy accounted for 0.2% of all arthroscopy1
Since then the indications for hip arthroscopy have grown and the number of arthroscopies performed have grown tremendously
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons projects that by 2013 the number of hip arthroscopies performed will double from its current levels2
Introduction
Along with the increasing indications and increasing numbers, comes an increasing awareness of real and potential complications. – The overall complication rate reported has ranged
between 1.34% and 21%3-8 – The most frequent complication reported is transient
neuropraxia9-16 – Other reported complications include: direct injury to the
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, pressure necrosis of the foot, scrotum, and perineum, labial/scrotal hematoma, heterotopic ossification, abdominal pain/fluid extravasation, scuffing, AVN, instrument failure, and infection
Introduction
Of all the reported complications in the literature there has been no mention of ankle injury/pain following hip arthroscopy – In our experience, ankle pain following hip arthroscopy is
not uncommon The focus of this study is to determine the
incidence of ankle pain following hip arthroscopy and see if there is a correlate between post-op ankle pain and the amount of distraction through the ankle joint determined radiographically, as well if there are any pre-operative predictors of ankle pain
Materials and Methods
IRB approval was obtained and all participants signed consent forms to participate in the study.
Between January 2012 and March 2012, 41 hip arthroscopies were performed by the senior author (JCM) – The surgery was performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus
position – A well-padded peroneal post and a carefully padded boot with the heel
firmly seated and secured was used – A specialized distractor was used to obtain initial distraction, followed by
joint distention by infiltrating normal saline into the joint with an 18-guage needle
– Axial traction was adjusted such that the foot was maintained in neutral position to avoid undue stress to the ligamentous structures around the ankle
– General anesthesia was used in all cases Flouroscopy was used to determine the distraction of the femoral
head from the acetabulum of the hip joint. A fluoroscopic image at the ankle was taken pre and post distraction, in order to determine the amount of distraction occurring at the ankle joint
Lateral Position in Distractor Distracted Hip
No Ankle Pain Date: Side: Post-Op Ankle Pain: Pre-distraction: Post-distraction: Delta:
1/20/2012 Right No 2.71 4.07 1.36
1/27/2012 Right No 3.71 5.97 2.26
1/27/2012 Right No 5.46 7.89 2.43
1/27/2012 Right No 5.1 8.32 3.22
1/27/2012 Right No 3.35 6.95 3.6
2/3/2012 Right No 4.94 8.91 3.97
2/3/2012 Right No 4.57 7.38 2.81
2/3/2012 Left No 3.18 6.97 3.79
2/3/2012 Left No 4.5 9.48 4.98
2/14/2012 Right No 4.27 9.6 5.33
2/17/2012 Left No 3.37 7.53 4.16
2/24/2012 Right No 3.04 5.25 2.21
2/24/2012 Right No 2.34 7.2 4.86
2/24/2012 Left No 2.69 4.1 1.41
3/2/2012 Right No 2.69 6.86 4.17
3/2/2012 Right No 4.16 8.13 3.97
3/2/2012 Right No 3 6.5 3.5
3/2/2012 Right No 3.98 6.81 2.83
3/9/2012 Right No 2.25 6.4 4.15
3/9/2012 Right No 2.96 6.05 3.09
3/9/2012 Left No 4.86 8.51 3.65
3/9/2012 Left No 5.33 10.08 4.75
3/12/2012 Left No 3.21 6.79 3.58
3/26/2012 Right No 1.83 5.94 4.11
3/30/2012 Left No 4.65 7.62 2.97
3/30/2012 Right No 4.43 6.6 2.17
3/30/2012 Right No 3.88 5.8 1.92
Average: 3.720740741 7.10037037 3.37963
Ankle Pain
Date: Side: Post-Op Ankle Pain: Pre-distraction: Post-distraction: Delta:
1/20/2012 Right Yes 3.23 4.72 1.49
1/20/2012 Right Yes 2.66 5.38 2.72
1/20/2012 Left Yes 4.94 8.65 3.71
1/27/2012 Left Yes 4.08 8.21 4.13
2/17/2012 Right Yes 2.93 7 4.07
2/17/2012 Right Dec sensation 3.07 7.22 4.15
2/24/2012 Right Yes 3.51 6.78 3.27
2/24/2012 Right Yes 3.27 5.4 2.13
3/2/2012 Left Dec sensation 3.05 7.3 4.25
3/30/2012 Left Yes 3.375 7.11 3.735
Average: 3.4115 6.777 3.3655
Radiograph of ankle during and after distraction
Discussion
The patients with ankle pain had a similar amount of intraoperative distraction as patients who were asymptomatic
We believe there is an “at risk” group. – These patients have the following risk factors:
History of ankle sprains Ligamentous laxity (more common in women) Small feet with large calves (more likely to become
plantar flexed during traction) Distraction performed with the ankle rotated is also
likely to place added stress on either the medial or lateral ligamentous structures
Conclusion
It is important to counsel patients pre-operatively about the risk of ankle pain after hip arthroscopy as well as be cognizant about the possibility of ankle pathology post-operatively
References
1. Small, NC. Complications in arthroscopic surgery performed by experienced arthroscopists. Arthroscopy 1988; 4:215-221.
2. Matsuda DK. Hip arthroscopy: Update, advances, and future applications. AAOS Now 2011; Vol 5: Number 8. 3. Clarke MT, Arora A, Villar RN. Hip arthroscopy: Complications in 1054 cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2003; 406:84-88. 4. Sampson TG. Complications of hip arthroscopy. Clin Sports Med 2001; 20: 831-835. 5. Sampson TG. Complications of hip arthroscopy. Tech in Orthop 2005; 20:63-66. 6. Griffin DR, Villar RN. Complications of arthroscopy of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1999; 81B: 604-606. 7. Byrd JT. Complications associated with hip arthroscopy. In: Byrd JT, ed. Operative Hip Arthroscopy. New York: Thieme; 1998: 171-
176. 8. Glick JM, Sampson TG, Gordon RB, Behr JT, Schmidt E. Hip arthroscopy by the lateral approach. Arthroscopy 1987; 3: 4-12.
9. Byrd JW. Hip arthroscopy utilizing the supine position. Arthroscopy 1994; 10:275–280. 10. Farjo LA, Glick JM, Sampson TG. Hip arthroscopy for acetabular labral tears. Arthroscopy 1999; 15:132–137. 11. Funke EL, Munzinger U. Complications in hip arthroscopy. Arthroscopy 1996; 12:156–159. 12. Glick JM. Hip Arthroscopy. In McGinty JB (ed). Arthroscopy. New York, Raven Press 1991: 663–76. 13. Griffin DR, Villar RN. Complications of arthroscopy of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg 81B: 1999: 604–606. 14. Hunter DM, Ruch DS. Hip arthroscopy. J South Orthop Assoc 1996; 5:243–250. 15. Kim SJ, Choi NH, Kim HJ. Operative hip arthroscopy. Clin Orthop 1996; 353:156–165. 16. Schindler A, Lechevallier JJ, Rao NS, Bowen JR. Diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopy of the hip in children and
adolescents: Evaluation of results. J Pediatr Orthop 1995; 15:317–3213.