Animals Review

For Test: *Animal Diversity Lab*Animal Dissections:

- Starfish- Clam

- Grasshopper (studyguide only – no dissection)

- Expect to identify anatomy – study pictures and notes!

Starfish Questions

1. How does a starfish feed?- Read figure 24

2. Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Echinodermata

3. 6 common echinoderms:Starfish, sea star, brittle star, sand dollar, sea

lily, sea cucumber, sea urchin4. 7000 species of echinoderms

5. Live in marine benthic environments (typically salt water, in the bottom of the sea floor)

6. Triploplastic – having 3 germ layersWhere is the A) endo,

B) meso, C) ectoderm ?

7. A coelom = a true body cavity (lined with mesoderm)

8. Water vascular system – takes in water for movement, feeding (filter feeders!), respiratory and excretory

9. Echinoderm = spiny skin10. Pedicellaria – pincer-like elements to ward

off ectoparasites (what are they…)10. Skeleton made of many plates called

ossicles, made of calcium carbonate11. No brain – a decentralized nervous system12. Regeneration – regrow limbs; will break off a

body part if attacked (lose a limb, save a life)13. Digestive organs: mouth, stomach, intestine,

anus

14. Dioecious – each sex is separate organism, but can’t really tell sexes apart

15. Young starfish have bilateral symmetry; adults have radial symmetry

*Study the Starfish Anatomy Coloring Picture

*Starfish Lab – Know all the parts/structures and what they do/why they are important

External Starfish Anatomy• Madreporite plate*

• Tube feet*

• Mouth*

• Spiny skin/Dermal spines

• Central disc

• Eye spots

• Anus

Internal Anatomy

• Stomach• Digestive gland• Gonads• Ring canal• Radial canal• Ampullae – connect to…• Dermis

Mollusk Questions:

1. Mollusk ex: snail, clam, slug, squid, octopus, oyster

2. Clam – AKA – Mussel3. All mollusks share 1 unifying characteristic – Soft bodied4. 4 Major regions – mantle, visceral mass, head,

food (Which did you see? What do they do?)

5. Mantle – sheath of skin surround the space of the clam, attached to shell

6. Secretes for shell, houses respiratory organs (which are…?) and houses visceral mass

7. Visceral mass contains: Stomach, intestines, gonads, mouth8. Food is used for – locomotionOctopus/squid have siphon for jet propulsion

9. Radula – toothed tongue for scraping food10. Open circulatory system – blood is not

contained in vessels but circulates via the heart through open sinuses

11. Gills – for breathing underwater12. Clams filter feed – water flows in past gills,

mouth; small particles swept into mouth13. Shells- formed by secretions of the mantle14. Shell’s inner nacreous layer – composed of

calcium carbonate, can form pearls

15. Hermaphroditic – both sexes in 1 organism16. Octopus is able to learn and remember17. Mollusk senses: touch, taste, smell, sensing of

chemicals, sight18. Live in moist environments – marine or freshwater19. For food (calamari, escargot, oysters, scallops),

jewelry, medicine, also negative because they are invasive species – zebra and quagga mussels are invading Great Lakes

Clam External Anatomy

Function of shell – protection, movementBivalve – two valves (two shells hinged

together)Oldest/newest part of shell? How do you know?How does it open/close?

Clam Internal AnatomyAdductor musclesFootVisceral massGillsMantleHeartGonadsStomachIntestinesMouth?

Grasshopper Questions

1. Phylum Arthropoda2. HUGE characteristic – Exoskeleton 3. Molting – shed exoskeleton periodically4. Jointed appendages on legs, mouth parts,

antennae5. Have bilateral symmetry (what have the other

organisms had?)6. Cephalization – development of distinct head

region

7. Have a COMPLETE digestive system – beginning (mouth) and end (anus)

8. Arthropods are divided into 6 classes – LOTS of diversity in this phylum!

9. Arthropods are the most abundant phylum of the animal kingdom

10. Holometabolous (complete) metamorphosis – egg, larva, pupa, adult

11. Hemimetabolous (incomplete) metamorphosis – egg, nymph, adult

12. Grasshoppers are…Hemimetabolous

13. Beneficial contributions: pollinators, food source for birds/small mammals, vital part of healthy ecosystems (where in food chain?)

14. Harmful? – eat crops (locust swarms), spend lots of money on pesticides

15. There are 2.5 – 3 BILLION insects in the world, and most of them are BENEFICIAL

Grasshopper Anatomy

• External anatomy only• Study your picture

Animal Kingdom Lab

• Didn’t get these recorded in gradebook – so please bring back Tuesday!

What to know: Animal Kingdom Lab

• Names of each phylum (or class) - goes with what kind of animal?– Ex: Phylum Platyhelminthes is commonly referred

to as what?– Flatworms

• Can go back to book (Ch 25.2) or online• Sheets on tables are in a powerpoint on wiki