Updated:04/20/23

Animal Science/Dairy Science 434Animal Science/Dairy Science 434

Reproductive Physiology

Lecture 1: Introduction, Female Anatomy

Reproductive Physiology

Lecture 1: Introduction, Female Anatomy

Updated:04/20/23

Instructor

• John J. Parrish

• 714 Animal Science

• parrish@calshp.cals.wisc.edu

• 263-4324

Updated:04/20/23

Laboratories

• Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday

• Room 134 Animal Science

• 3:30 - 5:30»may last until 6:00

Updated:04/20/23

Text

• Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition» P.L. Senger

• UW Bookstore

• Library

Updated:04/20/23

Web Page http://www.wisc.edu/ansci_repro/

• Syllabus

• Lecture Outlines and Handouts

• Labs

• Old Exams

• Project Information

• Important Dates

• Grading

Updated:04/20/23

434 Web Site Modifications

• Updates may occur daily.

• Lecture outlines and labs are currently for last year

• 2001 lecture updates may be up the night before lecture but I only guarantee them by 8:00 AM the day of lecture.

• 2001 lab material will be updated by the time of Tuesday’s lecture.

Updated:04/20/23

Web Page Techniques• Netscape 4 or better

» Internet Explorer 4 or better

• Will work best from a campus networked computer»essential for video clips in WebCT

• Display set for 800 X 600

• Frames were used in page construction» Printing (check FAQ)

» movement within web site

• Reload button» the site is continually being changed

Updated:04/20/23

Updated:04/20/23

Initial

Syllabus

Lectures

Labs

Handouts

Old Exams

Project

FAQ

Updated:04/20/23

Syllabus

Tentative Schedule - Spring 2000

Week Date TitleReadingin Text

 1 Jan 23 Lec 1 – Introduction, female

reproductive tract anatomyCh. 1, 2

  Jan 25 Lec 2 - Comparative femaleanatomy, historical perspectives

Ch. 1, 2

Lab 1 - Internet access, femaleanatomy, follicular aspiration

 

Updated:04/20/23

Important Dates

• Lecture Exams»February 22

»April 10

»May 12 (7:25 PM, Sat. )

• Lab Exams»February 27 (given 3X on Tuesday)

»May 1 - 3 (taken in lab)

• Oral Final»April 16 to end of class

Updated:04/20/23

Grading

The final grade will be curved but generally ends near the following percentages: A (100-93%), AB (88-93%), B (80-88%), BC (79-70%), C (69-60%), D (59-50%), F (<50%).

Updated:04/20/23

Sheep Video

Updated:04/20/23

Instructions

• Graded exercise (5 points)

• Write on a sheet of paper what is happening in the video. (2 minutes)» Print your name on the paper

• Form groups of 4 or 5; elect recorder and reporter.» Take 4 minutes and discuss what is happening in

the video and then make a list of these things.

» Print names of group members at bottom of list.

Updated:04/20/23

Lecture 1Lecture 1Female Reproductive Tract AnatomyFemale Reproductive Tract Anatomy

Updated:04/20/23

A cow is a bull’s way of making another bull.

Rex M. Butterfield; The Angus Society of Australia

Updated:04/20/23

Learning Objectives

• To learn the different structures and nomenclatures for the parts of the female reproductive system.

• To learn the basic functions for the different parts of the tract and how they work together.

Updated:04/20/23

NamesSpecies Common Adult Adult

Name Female Male

Bovine cattle cow bullOvine sheep ewe ramEquine horse mare stallionProcine swine(pig) sow boar

Updated:04/20/23

Female Reproductive Tract

VulvaVulva VaginaVagina

Uterine HornUterine Horn

Uterine BodyUterine Body

OviductOviduct OvaryOvary

BroadLigament

BroadLigament

SowSow

BladderBladder

CervixCervix

Updated:04/20/23

Vulva

Vagina

Cervix

Uterine Body

Clitoris

Urethra

Bladder

Uterine HornUterine Horn

OvaryOvary

Oviduct

Oviduct

Updated:04/20/23

Uterus

Ovary

Oviduct

Broad Ligament

CervixBladder

PelvisVagina

Vulva

Rectum

Updated:04/20/23

Broad Ligament

• connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract

Updated:04/20/23

Broad Ligament

mesosalpinxmesosalpinx

mesovariummesovarium

mesometriummesometrium

Updated:04/20/23

Ovary - Primary Sex Organ

• Functions»Hormonal

• Estrogen• Progesterone

»Female gamete• Oocyte

Updated:04/20/23

Ovary

Corpus Luteum Corpus Luteum

Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte

Progesterone Progesterone

Updated:04/20/23

Blood and lymphaticVessels & nerves Hilus}

Medulla

Cortex

OvaryGerminal

Epithelium

TunicaAlbuginea

TunicaAlbuginea

Updated:04/20/23

Tertiary folliclePrimary follicle

Tertiaryfollicle

Egg nest

Secondary follicle

Atretic follicle

Corpus albicansCorpus luteumCorpushemorrhagicum

Ruptured follicle(ovulation)

Updated:04/20/23

Primordial Follicle

Primary Follicle

Secondary follicle

Tertiary follicle

• Surrounded by severallayers of follicular cells

• Increase in size of oocyte andheight of follicular cells

Follicular Cells

• Flattened cells surround oocyte Nucleus

Ooplasma

Follicle Cells

• Follicle forms a fluid filled cavity• Differentiation of cell layers

in the follicle wall

Oocyte

FluidCavity

Antrum

Updated:04/20/23

Follicular Histology

PrimaryPrimary

PrimordialPrimordial

Updated:04/20/23

Follicular Histology

SecondarySecondary

Updated:04/20/23

Antrum

Theca Externa

Theca Interna

Granulosa

Cumulus Oophorus

Oocyte

(Follicular Fluid)

Tertiary Follicle

BasementMembrane

Updated:04/20/23

Tertiary Follicle

Granulosa

Theca Interna

CumulusOophorus

Antrum

OocyteOocyte

Primary Follicles

Secondary FollicleSecondary Follicle

Updated:04/20/23

Follicular Blood SupplyTheca interna cells

Granulosa cells

Follicularfluid

Capillarynetwork

Basement Membrane

Updated:04/20/23

Circular smoothmuscle layerCircular smoothmuscle layer

Longitudinal smoothmuscle layerLongitudinal smoothmuscle layer

MuscularisMuscularis

SerosaSerosa

SubmucosaSubmucosa

LumenLumen

MucosaMucosa

Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside

Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside

Updated:04/20/23

Functions of Oviduct

• Gamete Transport»Sperm

»Oocyte

• Supports early embryo development

• Transport of embryo to uterus

Updated:04/20/23

Oviduct

Uterine Horn

Utero-Tubal Junction

Ampullary-IsthmicJunction

Isthmus

Ampulla

Infundibulum

Fimbria

Ostium

FollicleOvary

Cumulus Oophorusand Oocyte

Updated:04/20/23

Oviduct

MesosalpinxMesosalpinx

UT JunctionUT Junction

Uterine HornUterine Horn

IsthmusIsthmus

AmpullaAmpulla

Updated:04/20/23

Oviduct Histology

•Ciliated Columnar•Nonciliated Columnar

Mucosa

Updated:04/20/23

Functions of the Uterus

• Muscle contractions »Transport sperm

»Expel fetus and placenta

• Absorption and phagocytosis

• Partially prepares sperm for fertilization»capacitation

• Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth

• Hormone production»Prostaglandin F2 production

Updated:04/20/23

Uterus (bovine)

• Bicornuate» poorly to moderately

developed uterine horns

» uterine body

» one cervix

cervix

body

horn

Updated:04/20/23

Caruncles

Updated:04/20/23

Uterine Histology

Perimetrium

Endometrium

MyometriumEndometrial

Glands

Updated:04/20/23

Mucosa

Submucosa

Myometrium

EndometriumEndometrial

Gland

Perimetrium

Uterine Histology

Updated:04/20/23

Functions of the Cervix

• Transport of sperm

• Barrier to sperm (species dependent)

• Reservoir for sperm

• Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy

• Birth canal

Updated:04/20/23

Cervix

•Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue

COW

Cow has 4-5annular rings

Uterine Body

Vagina

External Cervical Os

Internal Cervical Os

• Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation.

Updated:04/20/23

Cervix

Cervical RingCervical RingCervical RingCervical Ring

FornixFornix

FornixFornix

FornixFornix

Anterior VaginaAnterior Vagina Anterior VaginaAnterior Vagina

COW

EWE

External OsExternal Os

Internal OsInternal Os

Updated:04/20/23

Functions of the Vagina

• Copulatory organ

• Glands secrete lubrication

• Birth canal

• Glands secrete pheremones

Updated:04/20/23

Vagina Anterior Vagina Posterior Vagina (Vestibule)

ColumnarEpithelium

StratifiedSquamousEpithelium

Submucosa

Urethra

Submucosa

Mucosa

FornixFornix

Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter

Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter

Cervix

Updated:04/20/23

Posterior Vaginal Histology

Stratified SquamousEpithelium

MucosaMucosa

SubmucosaSubmucosa

Updated:04/20/23

Function of External Genitalia

• Labia»Closes entrance to vagina

• Clitoris»Female sensory organ

Updated:04/20/23

External Genitalia of the Cow

Anus

Labia

Clitoris

Labia

Vulva

Updated:04/20/23

Phenomena For Fertility• vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth

• female bedbug - no vagina

• hysterectomy - if woman went to long without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses

• hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male