Animal Science II-Small Animal

Animal Science II-Small Animal Science II-Small AnimalAnimal

Dogs- Unit EDogs- Unit E

Competency 13.00Competency 13.00Use information specific to each Use information specific to each breed to select to select the best breed to select to select the best

dog for a given traitdog for a given trait

Objective 13.01Objective 13.01

Identify the seven major groups to which Identify the seven major groups to which dogs are classifieddogs are classified

Breed Pictures From www.akc.org

http://www.akc.org/

Seven Major Groups of DogsSeven Major Groups of Dogs1.1. SportingSporting2.2. HoundsHounds3.3. TerriersTerriers4.4. WorkingWorking5.5. HerdingHerding6.6. ToyToy7.7. Miscellaneous Non-sportingMiscellaneous Non-sporting8.8. Jack Russell Terrier (not included)Jack Russell Terrier (not included)

Parson Russell Terrier according to the AKCParson Russell Terrier according to the AKC

SportingSporting

Developed to hunt gameDeveloped to hunt gamePointersPointersSetters (Irish Setter)Setters (Irish Setter)SpanielsSpanielsRetrieversRetrievers

Hound Hound Hunting and tracking by scent and Hunting and tracking by scent and sightsight

BassetBassetBloodhoundBloodhoundDachshundDachshundGreyhoundGreyhound

TerrierTerrierHunt under groundHunt under ground

TerriersTerriersSchnauzersSchnauzers

WorkingWorkingDeveloped to perform services Developed to perform services Pulling sleds, protecting property, Pulling sleds, protecting property,

and provide human protection, and provide human protection, guarding propertyguarding property

Doberman PinscherDoberman PinscherGreat DaneGreat DaneSaint BernardSaint BernardSiberian HuskySiberian Husky

Herding Herding Developed to assist in managing Developed to assist in managing livestocklivestock

CollieCollieGerman ShepherdGerman ShepherdOld English SheepdogOld English Sheepdog

ToyToyDeveloped to be small Developed to be small (4-16 lbs)(4-16 lbs)

ChihuahuaChihuahuaPekingesePekingesePugPugToy PoodlesToy Poodles

Non-sportingNon-sportingMiscellaneous class used mainly Miscellaneous class used mainly for companionshipfor companionship Boston TerrierBoston Terrier BulldogBulldog DalmatianDalmatian Poodle Poodle


Discuss characteristics of the major dog Discuss characteristics of the major dog breedsbreeds

AssignmentAssignment

Please read pages 456-461 in the Please read pages 456-461 in the Introduction to Livestock and Companion Introduction to Livestock and Companion AnimalAnimal textbook. textbook.

SportingSporting

Twenty-four breeds make up the sporting Twenty-four breeds make up the sporting groupgroup

SportingSportingPointersPointers Dogs developed about 200 years ago from Dogs developed about 200 years ago from

EnglandEngland Named from the stance they take when Named from the stance they take when

finding gamefinding gameColored liver, lemon, black, orange in combination Colored liver, lemon, black, orange in combination with white or solid colorwith white or solid colorLess coat care due to shorthairLess coat care due to shorthairEven temperamentEven temperamentAffectionateAffectionateIntelligent Intelligent Patient with childrenPatient with children

SportingSporting

English SetterEnglish Setter Bird hunting in EnglandBird hunting in England Crossing Pointers and SettersCrossing Pointers and Setters Used for over 400 yearsUsed for over 400 years

Hunt like pointers (stance)Hunt like pointers (stance)Lighter weight than pointersLighter weight than pointersGaining popularity in the USGaining popularity in the US

BeautyBeauty UsefulnessUsefulness

SportingSporting

Irish Setter Noted for its solid red color, speed, loyalty,

boldness, and toughnessMahogany or rich chestnut red with no trace of black in the coat colorSlightly taller and heavier than English setters

Used for all types of game, but train slower than some other breeds

Ideal show dog, but it can’t be used for both show and field.

SportingSporting

Brittany Spaniel May be classed as a setter or spaniel, but

works more like a setter than a spaniel Ticking (mixing of darker colors at the tips of the

hair) is desirable on the:White or liver and white coat in either clear or roan patterns.

Smaller dog Excellent shooting dog

SportingSporting

Springer Spaniel The foundation breed for all English hunting

spaniels Love to chase their game out of coverThey usually do not take a point when hunting.

Similar weight as the small pointer & the height of a Brittany

compact breed Larger and faster than other spaniel breeds Exceptional hunters in thick brambles

SportingSporting

American Cocker Spaniels Smallest members of the sporting dog

familySandy color with elegant appearance and cheerful disposition

Soft-hearted dog that makes an excellent family pet

SportingSporting

Labrador Retrievers Active water dog that was bred to get downed

waterfowl Short coupled, strongly built dog with an alert, friendly

disposition, fine temperament, and inquisitive nature Very dependable

One of the best used breeds for guide dogs or for search and rescue work

Short, thick, water-resistant hairColors of black, chocolate, or yellow (golden).

Usually not as tall as pointers

The HoundsThe Hounds

Hunts by scent or by sightThe greyhound and Alghan hound hunt by sight, while most others hunt by smell


Basset hound Excellent sense of smell Short-legged dog heavier in bone than any other

breed for its sizeGentle, devoted dogs that are good with children, but may be stubborn and difficult to house break

Usually white with chestnut or sand-colored Not exceeding 14“ in height Weighs 40 to 51 lbs on average


Beagles Noted for their rabbit hunting ability Make great pets and companions Weight and Height

18 - 30 lbs13 - 15" height at the shoulder

Colors range from a blue with black tigering, white, black, orange, or hound type tri-coloring


Black and Tan Coonhound Developed in the US

Crossed with the bloodhound and foxhound Bred especially for hunting raccoons

Aggressive breed that is intelligent and a passionate hunter

Known for its black coat and tan markings on the muzzle, limbs, and chest.

Exceeded in size among the hounds by the bloodhound

The HoundsThe HoundsBloodhounds

One of the most docile of all breeds Can track a scent that is several hours old Disposition:

Affectionate, but somewhat shyNon aggressiveSensitive to correction and kindness Excellent pets for children

Colors range from tawny to black and tan or red and tan Largest of the hound group


Dachshund Perfected in the 1800’s in Germany for

hunting badgersDachshunds are short leggedLong bodied muscular dogs8 to 20 pounds 5-9" at the shoulder

Lively and courageous A barker that makes a good watchdog Good with children Used mainly as a companion dog


American Foxhound Bred from English hounds and later French hounds

sent to George WashingtonAffectionate dogNot often used as petsHunt in packs Bold and aggressive in the field

They are slightly shorter than the bloodhound or black and tan coonhound


Greyhounds Favorites of Egyptian royalty Greyhounds are good at hunting all types of game

Because of its speed, they were used in packs to catch their quarry and pull it down

Used in the United States for racing Valuable as a show dog Need lots of exercise

Not suited for apartment dwelling Not recommended as a companion dog for children

The Terrier GroupThe Terrier Group

Developed to hunt “underground”Its name is derived from the Latin word terra meaning earthTwo subgroups: long legged short legged


Airedale Terriers Large long-legged group Head and ears are tan with the sides and upper

parts of the body being black or grizzle Very docile Obedient Gets along well with children


Bull TerriersCross of the Bulldog, Old English Terrier, and Spanish Pointer that were used for dogfights

Loving and affectionate Will readily fight to protect themselves or their master

White or colored:White (may have some black markings about the head)Colored bull terriers are any color but white, with brindle being the preferred color


Fox Terrier Either smooth or wired, depending on the type of hair coat

White should be the dominant color One of the Best known and most widely distributed

purebred dogsNoted for their courage in hunting animals that den in the groundFox terriers are easy to trainAffectionateGood companion dogs


Miniature Schnauzer German breed developed to hunt badger, fox, weasel, etc.

Good apartment dogFond of children

Intelligent, hardy and healthy Less than 20 pounds 12 – 14" in height at the shoulder Stocky Wirehaired


Parson Russell Terrier Recognized by the American Kennel Club as part

of the Terrier groupThis dog was formerly the Jack Russell TerrierRecognized in other nations as a separate breed

See the Jack Russell Terrier for a description

Working DogsWorking Dogs

Perform a service to humans Pulling sleds Protecting property Performing rescue work Carrying messages


Alaskan malamute Artic sled dog Noted for their cleanliness, being odorless

They do not bark Always has a white underbody and white on parts

of the legs, feet, and part of the mask markings


Boxers Descended from fighting dogs of Tibet Suspicious of strangers, but good natured dog Requires regular exercise to help prevent

rheumatismShort life span of usually less than 10 years

ColorsFawn and brindle with white markings possible on the chest and face


Doberman pinscher German breed that is a result of crossing Great

Danes, German Sheperds, Rottweilers, and Pinschers

Female Dobermans are cautious around strangers Affectionate and calm with family

Male Dobermans are extremely intelligent Often very aggressive and need a strong owner who is good at

managing the dog Dobermans often live as long twenty years

Long lifespan for dogs


Great Dane One of two largest breeds of dogs Friendly companion or watchdog. Weight

110-115 lbs for females120-150 lbs for males

Height at the shoulder> 28" for females> 30" for males


Standard Schnauzer Uses include family pet, watchdog, and bodyguard Very clean and almost odor free Noted for a long life span Color

Salt and pepper, or pure black


Rottweiler Originated from the Mastiff type dogs of Rome

Used to drive cattle to market Massive and powerful, but peaceful, obedient, and extremely

intelligentVery protective of their ownersGood companion dogsBodyguardsWatchdogsPolice dogsHerd dogs

ColorAlways black with rust to mahogany markings about the face and feet


Saint Bernards One of the two largest breeds Excellent sense of smell Coat made it suitable to perform rescue in extreme

mountain climate conditions Peaceful, quiet, and gentle dog

Loves the company of humans Makes a good companion dog

ColorRed with white markings or white with red markings


Samoyed Breed of Siberia Excellent companion and watchdog Likes to bark Very gentle and kind

Especially loving of children Many believe it is the most beautiful breed Color

Pure white


Siberian Husky Originated in Asia Endurance sled dog Found its home in Alaska

Began to win the All Alaska Sweepstakes Race in the early 1900’s Friendly and gentle dog

May be stubborn and ill around children Not aggressiveness or protective

Poor watchdog Color

Pure white to all other colors including black

Herding DogsHerding Dogs

Developed to assist the herdsman manage various livestock species


Collies One of the older breeds Used for sheepherding Used mainly today as:

devoted family dogswary of strangersvery protective

Either rough-coated (longhaired) or smooth coatedlong-haired collie require frequent brushing to remove burrs and knotted hair

Color: Sable and white, Tricolored, Blue and merle, and white

Herding DogsHerding DogsGerman Shepherd Probably crossed between herding dogs & wolves

Rescue dogs, police dogs, guard dogs, guide dogs, and pets

Courageous, loyal, obedient, and affectionate to family members

Leery of strangers Color

Black nose with various shades of gray, brown, and yellow


Old English sheepdog Large, muscular dog Has a gait that makes it look like a bear when it

moves Excellent herd dogs, companion dogs, and pets,

and have also been used for guard dogs, sled dogs, and retrievers

Friendly and affectionate


Shetland sheepdog Small version of the collie Excellent family pets and companion dogs

DocileDevoted dogIntelligent

ColorBlack, blue merle, and sable with markings of white and/or tan

ToysToys

So-named because of their small sizeMost often used as house pets and companions

ToysToys

Chihuahua Named for the state of Chihuahua in Mexico Smallest breed of dog in the world

Oldest breed on the continent Noted as a clannish breed

Does not like other breeds of dogs Courageous, energetic, lively, alert, and intelligent

ToysToys

Italian Greyhound Smallest of dogs that hunt by sight

Used as companion or pet This breed is odorless

Short, smooth hair coatSheds littleEasy to maintain

Playful and alert around friendsWary of strangers

Affectionate dog that needs lots of affection to thrive

ToysToys

Manchester Terrier or Rat Terrier Originally known for its rat and rodent hunting

skillsUsed today as a companion dog

ColorJet black with rich mahogany tan markings about the face and lower legs

ToysToys

Pekingese From China Extremely affectionate with its owner

Make good watchdogs or lapdogs for apartment dwellers

Will show great courage Not afraid of larger adversaries

Require teeth care to prevent decay Needs frequent coat care to keep its long, fine hair

well groomed

ToysToys

Pug Very old breed Noted for its prominent eyes; short, square muzzle;

deep wrinkled forehead; and large, massive head Intelligent Affectionate

Enjoy lots of attentionLove children

Easily trained

ToysToys

Shih Tzu Chinese breed with a long, flowing hair coat

Requires constant care to prevent matting and knotting Color

Eyes and nose are rim black with any coat color Looks like a miniature lion

Has an aristocratic, arrogant carriage

Non-sportingNon-sporting

Miscellaneous breedsUsed mainly for companion dogs


Boston Terrier American breed

Originated from crossing the English Bulldog and white English Terrier and further developed though inbreeding

Clean cut dogHas the body conformation of a Terrier

Make excellent house dogs or companion dogsEven tempered, intelligent, and get along well with children

Color:Black or Brindle with white markings


Bulldog Originally a ferocious dog

Bred for bull baiting and fighting and noted to be almost insensitive to pain

Today they have been selectively bred to be good natured May have problems at whelping due to the large size of the

puppy’s head Color

Solid white, solid red, fawn or fallow, red or other colors of brindle, and piebald


Dalmatian Calm, quiet dog

Intelligent Has been used as a trail hound for tracking, for hunting

birds, boar, and bear, retrieving game Most notably used as a coach or carriage dog (fire trucks) Will follow their master if at all possible regardless of the

mode of the master’s travelThrives on human companionshipNatural as guardiansLove children

ColorWhite with black spots or white with liver brown spots


Lhasa apso Known for its small size and heavy hair coat Was used as guard dogs in Tibet

This dog is most suited for adults who will spend time with themIntelligentQuick hearingCan readily distinguish between strangers and close associates

Very obedient if they trust youResponds readily to kindness

Lhasa apso

Non-sportingNon-sportingPoodle

Very intelligentGood natured dog (usually)

Known as the national dog of FranceUsed as a retriever, duck(water) dog, and circus trick dogUsed today as companion and show dogs

All colors with an even and solid coat color at the skin Weight

Standards average 35 - 45 pounds for females and 40 – 50 pounds for malesMiniature varieties average 16 - 35 pounds for females and 18 – 30 pounds for malesToy Poodles average 14 - 16 pounds for females and 15 – 18 pounds for males

Height at the shoulderStandards are >15"Miniature varieties average 10 – 15" Toy Poodles are < 10"

ExceptionsExceptionsBreeds not included in the seven major Groups

The Jack Russell TerrierDeveloped around 200 years ago in England by a clergyman, Parson Jack Russell to hunt foxKnown for its alert, confident, and ready attitudeThe dog may have a smooth or wirehaired coat

ColorWhite with black or tan markings or a combination of the three colors

Weight13 - 17 pounds

HeightAt the shoulder 12 – 15"


Assess major factors in selecting dogsAssess major factors in selecting dogs

Breed ConsiderationsBreed Considerations

SizeSize Large or small based on space requirements both for Large or small based on space requirements both for

the dog and for what you have availablethe dog and for what you have available Will it be inside or outside?Will it be inside or outside?

ChihuahuaChihuahua Fragile apartment dwellersFragile apartment dwellers

MastiffMastiff Weighs 220 lbs and are best suited for large Weighs 220 lbs and are best suited for large

open landopen land


TemperamentTemperament Active or quiet breedActive or quiet breed

Fox terrierFox terrier a small dog but is very activea small dog but is very active

Labrador and a Sheepdog Labrador and a Sheepdog adapts to apartment living welladapts to apartment living well


Hair CoatHair Coat Type of hair coat determines Type of hair coat determines

grooming requirementsgrooming requirementsLonghaired or wirehairedLonghaired or wirehaired

More groomingMore grooming Prone to skin diseaseProne to skin disease

Short hairedShort haired Brings less dirt insideBrings less dirt inside


Purpose of dogPurpose of dog Is the dog for sporting, hunting, Is the dog for sporting, hunting,

service, companion,show, guard, or service, companion,show, guard, or racing?racing?


Price of dogPrice of dog Depends on demandDepends on demand

More common breeds are typically More common breeds are typically less expensive less expensive Less common breeds can be more Less common breeds can be more expensiveexpensive

Source Source Pet storePet store buys from local breedersbuys from local breeders

KennelKennel purebreds and mixed breedspurebreds and mixed breeds

BreederBreeder if wanting a purebredif wanting a purebred

ShelterShelter works for a companion or family dogworks for a companion or family dog

ConsiderationConsiderationUse?Use? Affects all other considerationsAffects all other considerations Companion, service, work, Companion, service, work,

huntinghunting

Cost?Cost? Mixed breed less expensive than Mixed breed less expensive than

a purebred pedigreed animala purebred pedigreed animal

ConsiderationConsideration

Pedigree?Pedigree? Linage of the dogLinage of the dog Very important for show or huntingVery important for show or hunting

Sex?Sex? Will it be spayed or neutered? Will it be spayed or neutered? Used for breeding?Used for breeding?


Age?Age? PuppyPuppy

Need lots of trainingNeed lots of trainingWill grow out of cute stageWill grow out of cute stageMay get bigger in size than expectedMay get bigger in size than expected

AdultsAdultsYou know the size it isYou know the size it isAlready trainedAlready trained


ConformationConformation General structureGeneral structure

LookLookMake-up of animalMake-up of animal

important for show to meet breed important for show to meet breed requirementsrequirements

will it be able to swimwill it be able to swim run after game if for hunting or sportingrun after game if for hunting or sporting

ConsiderationConsiderationFamily history?Family history? DeformitiesDeformities TemperamentTemperament

Personal preference?Personal preference? What color you likeWhat color you like What markings do you likeWhat markings do you like

Competency 14.00Competency 14.00Use care techniques that improve Use care techniques that improve

the wellbeing of dogsthe wellbeing of dogs


Discuss the grooming practices for hair, Discuss the grooming practices for hair, nails, eyes, ears, and teeth.nails, eyes, ears, and teeth.

HairHairDaily brushing recommendedDaily brushing recommended to remove dead hair and distribute to remove dead hair and distribute

the skin’s oilsthe skin’s oilsCheck for mats in long hairCheck for mats in long hair Tease with comb behind ears and Tease with comb behind ears and

under legsunder legsCut burrs by placing the comb Cut burrs by placing the comb between the burr and skinbetween the burr and skin

HairHairTerriers and wirehaired breedsTerriers and wirehaired breeds Need pluckingNeed plucking

A stripping knife is used to remove A stripping knife is used to remove dead hair and trim live hairdead hair and trim live hairA twisting motion is used with the A twisting motion is used with the stripping knife to pluck hairstripping knife to pluck hair

HairHairBathingBathing Only when extremely dirtyOnly when extremely dirty Use baby shampoo, mild soap, Use baby shampoo, mild soap,

coconut oil shampoo.coconut oil shampoo. Do not use detergent shampoos which Do not use detergent shampoos which

can lead to skin reactionscan lead to skin reactions Ophthalmic ointmentOphthalmic ointment

Sooths eye irritationSooths eye irritation

Cleaning the EarsCleaning the Ears1.1. Clean once a monthClean once a month2.2. Use cotton swab or soft cloth soaked in Use cotton swab or soft cloth soaked in

lukewarm water or approved ear lukewarm water or approved ear cleanercleaner

3.3. Only ear parts that can be seen should Only ear parts that can be seen should be cleanedbe cleaned

4.4. Use a finger, never a sharp or pointed Use a finger, never a sharp or pointed objectobject

5.5. Check for ticks and mitesCheck for ticks and mites

Cleaning the EyesCleaning the Eyes

1.1. Use approved eyewash solutions to Use approved eyewash solutions to remove any irritating substanceremove any irritating substance

2.2. Check for any redness or puffinessCheck for any redness or puffiness

Cleaning the TeethCleaning the Teeth1.1. Clean regularly to prevent tartar and Clean regularly to prevent tartar and

plaqueplaque2.2. Use small toothbrush with soft bristlesUse small toothbrush with soft bristles3.3. Use a mix of salt water and baking soda Use a mix of salt water and baking soda

or toothpasteor toothpaste4.4. Clean from the gum line to the tips of Clean from the gum line to the tips of

teethteeth5.5. Hard dog biscuits or dibbled food help Hard dog biscuits or dibbled food help

maintain healthy teethmaintain healthy teeth6.6. Clean 1 to 2 times per weekClean 1 to 2 times per week

Nail CareNail CareTrimmed occasionallyTrimmed occasionallyDo not crush nail when cuttingDo not crush nail when cuttingAvoid cutting the nail bed which will Avoid cutting the nail bed which will cause bleedingcause bleeding Styptic powderStyptic powder

Stops bleedingStops bleeding

Use clippers not scissorsUse clippers not scissors


Describe major health concerns for dogsDescribe major health concerns for dogs

Dog diseasesDog diseases

Infectious diseasesInfectious diseases Caused by pathogenic Caused by pathogenic

microorganismsmicroorganisms

Canine DistemperCanine DistemperCaused by inhalation of airborne Caused by inhalation of airborne virusvirus

Early vomiting and diarrheaEarly vomiting and diarrheaLater:Later:

tremor-epileptic fitstremor-epileptic fits

Canine Parvovirus InfectionCanine Parvovirus Infection

VirusVirus Contaminated fecesContaminated fecesMostly affects young pupsMostly affects young pups SymptomsSymptoms

vomitingvomitingbloody diarrheabloody diarrhearefusal to eatrefusal to eat

Canine ParvovirusCanine Parvovirus

http://www.petservice.com/libraries/pictures/parvo_pict.html

Kennel Cough (tracheobronchitis)Kennel Cough (tracheobronchitis)

Respiratory diseaseRespiratory diseaseContracted in confinementContracted in confinement pet shopspet shops dog showsdog shows kennelskennelsSymptom: coughSymptom: cough

http://www.petservice.com/libraries/pictures/bord_pict.html

RabiesRabies

Viral diseaseViral disease Attacks the central nervous systemAttacks the central nervous system

All warm-blooded animals can All warm-blooded animals can transmit rabiestransmit rabiesSymptoms:Symptoms: Occur 2 weeks to 3 months after biteOccur 2 weeks to 3 months after bite Severe can be within 10 daysSevere can be within 10 days

RabiesRabies““Furious” rabiesFurious” rabies act strange then wander offact strange then wander off attack and bite anythingattack and bite anything frothing at the mouthfrothing at the mouth

““Dumb” rabiesDumb” rabies no wandering but paralysis of lower jawno wandering but paralysis of lower jaw followed by paralysis of body and deathfollowed by paralysis of body and death

Infectious dog diseasesInfectious dog diseasesCanine BrucellosisCanine Brucellosis Bacterial diseaseBacterial disease Causes abortionCauses abortion Failure to whelpFailure to whelp Enlargement of the lymph nodesEnlargement of the lymph nodes Swelling of the scrotum and testicles Swelling of the scrotum and testicles

Infectious dog diseasesInfectious dog diseases

SalmonellosisSalmonellosis bacterial diseasebacterial disease ingestion of food contaminated ingestion of food contaminated

with feceswith feces

Noninfectious Noninfectious

Heart diseaseHeart disease Symptoms:Symptoms:

coughing at night during sleepcoughing at night during sleepcoughing during exercisecoughing during exerciseopen mouth breathing at restopen mouth breathing at rest

Congenital (birth)Congenital (birth) ContractedContracted

NoninfectiousNoninfectiousCataractsCataracts cloudy, white opacity of cloudy, white opacity of

lenslens can be hereditary or notcan be hereditary or not can cause blindnesscan cause blindness found mostly in older found mostly in older

dogsdogs

NoninfectiousNoninfectious

Hip Dysplasia (CHD)Hip Dysplasia (CHD) Inherited traitInherited trait Environmental conditions Environmental conditions

too much exercisetoo much exerciserough playrough playexcessive weight gainexcessive weight gainrapid growthrapid growth

Affects the hip joints and is common in large Affects the hip joints and is common in large breeds breeds

http://www.belfield.com/xray2.jpg

NoninfectiousNoninfectiousArthritisArthritis Degenerative joint diseaseDegenerative joint disease

painpainlamenesslamenessstiffness in the jointsstiffness in the joints

Large, old, and obese dogs are Large, old, and obese dogs are more prone to the diseasemore prone to the disease

NoninfectiousNoninfectiousTetanusTetanus Caused by a bacteriaCaused by a bacteria

spores are present in the soil and feces of spores are present in the soil and feces of various animalsvarious animalsproduces toxinsproduces toxins

over stimulation of the dog’s nervous systemover stimulation of the dog’s nervous system SymptomsSymptoms

spasms of facial musclesspasms of facial musclesParalysisParalysisLockjawLockjawinability to standinability to standprolapse of the third eyelidprolapse of the third eyelid

Fungal diseasesFungal diseases

RingwormRingworm Most common fungal diseaseMost common fungal disease SymptomsSymptoms

begin as broken hairs around the face begin as broken hairs around the face ears, or feetears, or feetreddened and scaly skinreddened and scaly skincrusting and scaling in severe casescrusting and scaling in severe cases

Fungal diseasesFungal diseases

BlastomycosisBlastomycosis inhaling infected spores of soil inhaling infected spores of soil

enriched with bird or bat droppingsenriched with bird or bat droppings Symptoms:Symptoms:

coughingcoughingrapid breathingrapid breathingpneumonia and feverpneumonia and fever

Internal ParasitesInternal ParasitesAscaridsAscarids Roundworms that may grow to 8” in lengthRoundworms that may grow to 8” in length Affect mainly puppiesAffect mainly puppies

deprive them of nutrientsdeprive them of nutrientsSevere infestation will cause a pot-bellied Severe infestation will cause a pot-bellied appearanceappearance

Transmitted by female dogs to puppiesTransmitted by female dogs to puppies Danger to childrenDanger to children

Internal parasites-Internal parasites-

HookwormsHookworms Blood sucking parasitesBlood sucking parasites

Adult worms are about 1” longAdult worms are about 1” long Attach to the small intestineAttach to the small intestine

causing small spots of bleedingcausing small spots of bleedingcan cause severe loss of blood into the can cause severe loss of blood into the intestineintestineanemiaanemia

Affects all ages of dogsAffects all ages of dogs

Hookworms Hookworms

http://www.bullwrinkle.com/ShoppingPages/dog-hookworms.htm

Internal ParasitesInternal ParasitesWhipwormsWhipworms Broad at one end and narrow at the otherBroad at one end and narrow at the other

They use the narrow end to attach to the cecum and They use the narrow end to attach to the cecum and lower digestive tractlower digestive tract

Adults are about 2 ½” long Adults are about 2 ½” long produce “shell” protected eggsproduce “shell” protected eggsmay live in the soil for yearsmay live in the soil for years

Produce watery fecesProduce watery feces May result in dehydration and death if May result in dehydration and death if

untreateduntreated

Whipworms Whipworms

http://www.beaglesunlimited.com/Photos/CanineWhipworms.jpg

Internal ParasitesInternal ParasitesTapewormsTapeworms Usually the largest worms affecting dogsUsually the largest worms affecting dogs

1’ or more in length1’ or more in length Most depend on a host such as a flea or wild Most depend on a host such as a flea or wild

rabbitrabbit Flat and segmentedFlat and segmented

small intestinesmall intestineshed terminal segments in fecesshed terminal segments in feces

Not harmful for dogs but may cause serious Not harmful for dogs but may cause serious injury to humansinjury to humans

Internal ParasitesInternal ParasitesHeartwormsHeartworms Thin worms that grow to a length of 14”Thin worms that grow to a length of 14”

live in the major artery carrying blood from the live in the major artery carrying blood from the heart to the lungsheart to the lungs

Serious threat to dogsSerious threat to dogsMajor injury to vital organsMajor injury to vital organs

Symptoms:Symptoms:frequent coughingfrequent coughinglabored breathinglabored breathingfaintingfainting

Transmitted by mosquitoesTransmitted by mosquitoes Prevention is preferred to treatmentPrevention is preferred to treatment

treatment must occur earlytreatment must occur early

HeartwormsHeartworms

http://www.shakervet.com/heartworm.html

External ParasitesExternal ParasitesFleasFleas Small blood sucking insectsSmall blood sucking insects

move rapidly over the skinmove rapidly over the skin Develop from eggs to adult in as little as Develop from eggs to adult in as little as

16 days16 daysfirst detected in the groin and rump areafirst detected in the groin and rump areacause irritation and extreme itchingcause irritation and extreme itching

Controlled with powders, dips, shampoos, Controlled with powders, dips, shampoos, collars, oral insecticides, foggers and collars, oral insecticides, foggers and sprayssprays

External ParasitesExternal Parasites

TicksTicks Blood sucking arthropodsBlood sucking arthropodsTwo main familiesTwo main families Hard tickHard tick

Brown dog tick can survive indoorsBrown dog tick can survive indoorsAmerican dog tick lives in grass and on shrubsAmerican dog tick lives in grass and on shrubs

Soft tick Soft tick Spirose Ear tickSpirose Ear tick

larvae and nymph stage live in and cause irritation to the larvae and nymph stage live in and cause irritation to the outer ear canalouter ear canal


LiceLice Wingless insectsWingless insects

BloodsuckersBloodsuckers Not common on dogsNot common on dogs Severe hair loss from scratching and Severe hair loss from scratching and

rubbingrubbing Two treatments 12 days apart with dips, Two treatments 12 days apart with dips,

dusts, or spraysdusts, or sprays


MitesMites Tiny, eight legged arachnids Tiny, eight legged arachnids Demodectic mites do not usually Demodectic mites do not usually

cause problems, but a severe cause problems, but a severe infestation may result in hair loss, infestation may result in hair loss, reddening of skin, and encrusting reddening of skin, and encrusting either in spots or over the entire bodyeither in spots or over the entire body


Two types of Sarcoptic mitesTwo types of Sarcoptic mites Burrow within the outer layer of skinBurrow within the outer layer of skin

highly contagioushighly contagiousmange or scabiesmange or scabies

intense irritation and itching may result in intense irritation and itching may result in the dog injuring itself as it tries to scratch, the dog injuring itself as it tries to scratch, chew or rub the skinchew or rub the skin

External ParasitesExternal ParasitesEar mitesEar mites Highly contagiousHighly contagious Outer ear canal Outer ear canal They are a common problem with They are a common problem with

infected animals shaking their headinfected animals shaking their headFlea products are effective in treatment Flea products are effective in treatment as well as ear dropsas well as ear drops

External ParasitesExternal ParasitesCheyletiella mitesCheyletiella mites Contagious Contagious Cause a condition known as Cause a condition known as

“walking dandruff”“walking dandruff”Severe scaling on the back may Severe scaling on the back may occuroccurItching is not as severe as with Itching is not as severe as with other mite infestationsother mite infestations

External ParasitesExternal ParasitesChiggersChiggers Orange-red larvae stages of Trombicula Orange-red larvae stages of Trombicula

mitesmitescause an itchy, red rash on the belly, face and cause an itchy, red rash on the belly, face and legslegs

Picked up from underbrushPicked up from underbrushRemain on the skin for a short timeRemain on the skin for a short timeUsually do not require treatment other than Usually do not require treatment other than something to stop the itchingsomething to stop the itching

Poisons Poisons

InsecticidesInsecticides May cause poisoning if ingested in May cause poisoning if ingested in

large anountslarge anounts Organophosphates and carbamate Organophosphates and carbamate

compoundscompoundsMain source of insecticidal poisoningMain source of insecticidal poisoning

Boric acid from roach baitBoric acid from roach bait Arsenic from ant trapsArsenic from ant traps

PoisonsPoisonsHerbicidesHerbicides GlyphosphateGlyphosphate

Round-UpRound-Up Arsenic-based weed killersArsenic-based weed killers

PoisonsPoisonsPlantsPlants PhilodendronPhilodendron Dieffenbachia (Dumbcane)Dieffenbachia (Dumbcane)

Mouth swells to the point that you can not Mouth swells to the point that you can not talktalk

PothosPothos CaladiumCaladium

contain insoluble calcium oxadate crystalscontain insoluble calcium oxadate crystalscause irritation to the mouth and intestinal cause irritation to the mouth and intestinal tracttract

DieffenbachiaDieffenbachia

CaladiumCaladium

PhilodendronPhilodendron

PothosPothos

PoisonsPoisonsHousehold chemicals and Household chemicals and cleanerscleaners Can cause sickness if ingestedCan cause sickness if ingested

AmmoniaAmmoniaBleachBleachBoratesBoratesHydroxidesHydroxidesPine oilPine oil

PoisonsPoisonsRodenticidesRodenticides Used for rodent controlUsed for rodent control

Strychnine & warfarinStrychnine & warfarin internal bleedinginternal bleeding death if ingested in sufficient quantitiesdeath if ingested in sufficient quantities

PoisonsPoisonsAntifreezeAntifreeze Common sourceCommon source Sugary tasteSugary taste Symptoms:Symptoms:

Appear drunkAppear drunkDepressedDepressed

Animal Science II-Small Animal

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Transcript of Animal Science II-Small Animal