Animal Organization and Homeostasis

15.1 Types of tissues

What is tissue? Two or more cells of the same type performing a

common function Four types of tissue

Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous

What is epithelial tissue? Characteristics

Cell rich Avascular Basal vs. apical side (polarity) Basement membrane

Cell shapes Squamous Columnar cuboidal

What types of epithelium are there? Types

Simple Stratified Glandular

Exocrine Endocrine

What is connective tissue? Characteristics

Cell poor Matrix rich

Collagen Elastin Reticular fibers

Vascular (with exceptions)

Cyte vs. blast

What are the types of connective tissue? Adipose Loose CT

Fibro- Dense CT

Fibro- Cartilage

Lacunae Chondro-

Bone Osteo-

Blood Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets

What is muscular tissue? Responds to stimulus

Contracts Myo-

Three types Skeletal (voluntary) Cardiac (involuntary) Smooth (involuntary)

What is nervous tissue? Also responds to stimulus Sends signals Two types of cells

Neuroglia Neurons

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

15.2 Body cavities and homeostasis

What are body cavities? Regions of body Two cavities

Dorsal Brain Spinal cord

Ventral Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic

What are the organ systems of the body? Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Immune Urinary Digestive Respiratory Reproductive

What is homeostasis? Body’s tendency to

maintain internal set points Negative feedback

Most common Solution state is

opposite of problem state

What is a positive feedback loop? Positive feedback

Rare Solution state

heightens problem state

Child birth Fever Blood clotting

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

15.3 Anatomical position and terms

What are some anatomical terms for position/location?

Anatomical position: left is right and right is left!

Position descriptions Supine, prone

Ventral, dorsal

Anterior, posterior

Superior, inferior

Medial, lateral

medial

Lateral

Proximal, distal

proximal distal comparison

Superficial, deep

What are the anatomical planes?

Sagittal Midsagittal Parasagittal

What are the anatomical planes?

Frontal

What are the anatomical planes?

Transverse

What are the body cavities?

Dorsal body cavity Cranial cavity: cranium and stuff inside Vertebral cavity: vertebral column and stuff

inside

What are the body cavities?

Ventral body cavity Diaphragm divides thoracic and

abdominopelvic cavities Thoracic: mediastinum divides left from right

What kinds of membranes line cavities?

Meninges: lines brain and spinal cord

What kinds of membranes line cavities? Serous membrane:

no outside opening Inner: visceral layer Outer: parietal layer In between: cavity

filled with serous fluid Thoracic: pleurae and

pericardium Abdominopelvic:

peritoneum

What kinds of membranes line cavities?

Mucous membrane: outside opening Examples?