ANIMAL HEALTH AND OBSERVATION MICE This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the...
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Transcript of ANIMAL HEALTH AND OBSERVATION MICE This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the...
ANIMAL HEALTH ANIMAL HEALTH AND OBSERVATIONAND OBSERVATION
MICEMICE
This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the President’s Community-Based Job Training Grants as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership. This solution is copyrighted by the institution that created it. Internal use by an organization and/or personal use by an individual for non-commercial purposes is permissible. All other uses require the prior authorization of the copyright owner.
MICEMICE
Scientific Name – Scientific Name – Mus musculusMus musculus
Over 100 recorded inbred strains of miceOver 100 recorded inbred strains of mice Only 7 or 8 are commonly used in researchOnly 7 or 8 are commonly used in research
Variety of outbred mouse stocks are also Variety of outbred mouse stocks are also used in research.used in research.
MICE – USE IN RESEARCHMICE – USE IN RESEARCH
Used in wide variety Used in wide variety of research of research programs, including programs, including genetics, genetics, immunology and immunology and infectious disease infectious disease studies.studies.
MICE BEHAVIORMICE BEHAVIOR
Normally keep all 4 Normally keep all 4 feet on the floor and feet on the floor and when sleeping, will when sleeping, will curl its head under curl its head under its’ body.its’ body.
Usually, if housed Usually, if housed together in a group, together in a group, they will sleep they will sleep huddled together.huddled together.
MICE BEHAVIORMICE BEHAVIOR
Behaviorally Behaviorally dominant mouse can dominant mouse can bite or chew fur off a bite or chew fur off a subordinate mouse, subordinate mouse, usually in face regionusually in face region
(see picture) (see picture)
This is referred to as This is referred to as barberingbarbering which is which is usually harmless.usually harmless.
BEHAVIORBEHAVIOR
BarberingBarbering should not be should not be confused with fur loss confused with fur loss caused by skin or mite caused by skin or mite problems.problems.
Females usually don’t Females usually don’t fight.fight.
Group housed males Group housed males often fight. Aggressive often fight. Aggressive mice should be housed mice should be housed individually to avoid individually to avoid potential injury to potential injury to cagemates.cagemates.
Barbering
Fighting
IDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION
Required by most investigators in order Required by most investigators in order to provide a means of tracking history of to provide a means of tracking history of each animal throughout the study.each animal throughout the study.
Temporary ID may includeTemporary ID may include Dye – applied to part of the bodyDye – applied to part of the body Clipped hairClipped hair Use of a marking penUse of a marking pen
IDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION
Permanent IDPermanent ID Ear tags sometimes usedEar tags sometimes used
Small metal band with imprinted numbers that Small metal band with imprinted numbers that are pierced through ear and locked in placeare pierced through ear and locked in place
Mice tend to catch these on things and rip them Mice tend to catch these on things and rip them out.out.
Tattooing Tattooing Generally done on the tail.Generally done on the tail.
IDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION
Ear punchEar punch Small metal device which produces small, Small metal device which produces small,
permanent holes in the animals’ ear.permanent holes in the animals’ ear. Standardized number chart can be utilized.Standardized number chart can be utilized.
Should be noted that it can be somewhat difficult Should be noted that it can be somewhat difficult to read another technicians’ ear notching as each to read another technicians’ ear notching as each persons ear notches may vary slightly and can persons ear notches may vary slightly and can be misread.be misread.
See handout for ear notching examples.See handout for ear notching examples.
IDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION
Computer chips can also be used.Computer chips can also be used. Cage cards should be used as well. Cage cards should be used as well.
Should have the following informationShould have the following information StrainStrain Birth DateBirth Date SexSex Receiving DateReceiving Date SourceSource Investigator nameInvestigator name Animal #Animal #
HANDLING AND HANDLING AND RESTRAINTRESTRAINT
May pick up by grasping the tail or the May pick up by grasping the tail or the skin over the shoulders with fingers OR skin over the shoulders with fingers OR rubber-tipped forceps.rubber-tipped forceps. When picking up by tail, avoid the last third When picking up by tail, avoid the last third
of the tail. Pick up by base of tail.of the tail. Pick up by base of tail. If using forceps, remember to disinfect If using forceps, remember to disinfect
between animals.between animals. Mice tend to urinate and excrete a fecal pellet Mice tend to urinate and excrete a fecal pellet
when you manipulate them. Be prepared!when you manipulate them. Be prepared!
RESTRAINTRESTRAINT
Start by placing the mouse on a Start by placing the mouse on a surface it can grasp (such as surface it can grasp (such as cage top) while you hold near the cage top) while you hold near the base of the tail with your base of the tail with your dominant hand.dominant hand.
Grasp the loose skin over the Grasp the loose skin over the shoulders by the non-dominant shoulders by the non-dominant hand between thumb and first hand between thumb and first three fingers.three fingers.
Mouse must be held firmly but Mouse must be held firmly but gently, so it does not have gently, so it does not have difficulty breathing.difficulty breathing.
Note: The picture shown does not Note: The picture shown does not accurately show an individual accurately show an individual wearing appropriate PPE. They wearing appropriate PPE. They should be wearing gloves.should be wearing gloves.
RESTRAINTRESTRAINT Plastic restraint Plastic restraint
devices can also be devices can also be used.used. Used to hold mice for Used to hold mice for
longer periods of longer periods of time.time.
Device allows either Device allows either head or tail to head or tail to protrude for protrude for procedures.procedures.
Remember to Remember to disinfect between disinfect between animals.animals.
SEXINGSEXING
Males Males Have a greater Have a greater
ano-genital distanceano-genital distance Holds true for Holds true for
neonates, juveniles neonates, juveniles and adults.and adults.
Sexing in newborns is Sexing in newborns is best done by best done by comparing several comparing several animals at one time.animals at one time.
Male
Female
Appropriate PPE is not shown in these pictures.
HOUSINGHOUSING
May be housed in solid bottom shoe-box cages May be housed in solid bottom shoe-box cages with bedding, generally in groups.with bedding, generally in groups.
Solid bottom caging with bedding Solid bottom caging with bedding recommended.recommended. Provide mice with warmth, security, and nesting Provide mice with warmth, security, and nesting
material. material. Lids rest on top of the cage with locks or clamps.Lids rest on top of the cage with locks or clamps. Mouse lid wires placed closer together than rat Mouse lid wires placed closer together than rat
cages.cages. Change bedding no less than twice a week.Change bedding no less than twice a week.
HOUSINGHOUSING
Cage and animal room sanitation are very Cage and animal room sanitation are very important.important.
Need to follow SOPs per facilityNeed to follow SOPs per facility Examples - Examples - Solid bottom cages/accessories – 1-3 times per Solid bottom cages/accessories – 1-3 times per
weekweek Cage shelving – At least once per monthCage shelving – At least once per month Wire bottom cages – At least once every 2 Wire bottom cages – At least once every 2
weeksweeks
BEDDINGBEDDING
Should be non-toxic, Should be non-toxic, non-nutritive, non-nutritive, unpalatable, non-unpalatable, non-abrasive, absorbent abrasive, absorbent and inexpensive.and inexpensive. Processed wood Processed wood
chips chips Corn cob productsCorn cob products Shreddable paperShreddable paper
Alphi-Dri (paper) Aspen (hardwood)
Wood pellets
Sanichip (hardwood)
Carefresh (paper) Cellu-dri (paper)
DIETDIET Normally provided in the Normally provided in the form of pellets.form of pellets. Pellets are firm and Pellets are firm and
require gnawing require gnawing This helps keep their This helps keep their
continuously growing continuously growing incisors worn down.incisors worn down.
For programs which For programs which require critical disease require critical disease control measures, diet control measures, diet products which can be products which can be sterilized are available.sterilized are available. Diets already sterilized by Diets already sterilized by
irradiation can also be irradiation can also be purchased.purchased. Mouse with
normal incisorsMouse with overgrown incisors and malocclusion
DIET CONTINUEDDIET CONTINUED
Rodents generally fed Rodents generally fed ad libitumad libitum – given – given a continuous supply of food and water.a continuous supply of food and water.
Non-pelleted diets available – For use Non-pelleted diets available – For use when food intake being measured or when food intake being measured or when substances are being added.when substances are being added.
Food consumption – 3-6 grams, or 1.5 Food consumption – 3-6 grams, or 1.5 grams per 10 grams of body weight, per grams per 10 grams of body weight, per dayday
BREEDING INFORMATIONBREEDING INFORMATION
Sexual maturity – 40-60 days of ageSexual maturity – 40-60 days of age Gestation – 19-21 daysGestation – 19-21 days Litter size – 6-12Litter size – 6-12 Newborn litters should not be disturbed Newborn litters should not be disturbed
for a few days to prevent cannibalism by for a few days to prevent cannibalism by adults.adults.
Weaning – 21 days.Weaning – 21 days.
DISEASEDISEASE Tyzzer’s DiseaseTyzzer’s Disease TransmittedTransmitted
Fecal – oral routeFecal – oral route SymptomsSymptoms
HunchedHunched Unformed fecesUnformed feces Unkempt hair coatUnkempt hair coat DehydrationDehydration Can by asymptomaticCan by asymptomatic
FUR MITESFUR MITES Transmitted by direct contactTransmitted by direct contact Usually no clinical signsUsually no clinical signs
Alopecia may occurAlopecia may occur PruritisPruritis
Treatment Treatment DustsDusts IvermectinIvermectin