Animal health and food safetyAnimal health and food safety

Prof. Dr. Fahim ShaltoutProf. Dr. Fahim Shaltout

Professor of Meat HygieneProfessor of Meat Hygiene

Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine

Benha UniversityBenha University

One gram prevention is One gram prevention is better than one ton better than one ton

treatmenttreatment

Pay one pound in prevention is better than Pay one pound in prevention is better than paying million in treatmentpaying million in treatment

Open abattoir close hospitalOpen abattoir close hospital

DiseasesDiseases

Bacterial Bacterial Viral Viral Parasitic Parasitic Chemical residues Chemical residues

Bacterial diseasesBacterial diseases

Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Anthrax Anthrax SalmonellosisSalmonellosis Listeriosis Listeriosis Brucellosis Brucellosis E.coli E.coli

Viral diseasesViral diseases

Foot and mouth disease Foot and mouth disease Avian influenza Avian influenza Swine influenza Swine influenza

Parasitic diseasesParasitic diseases

A A –– Direct transmissible to man Direct transmissible to man

B B –– Indirect transmissible to man Indirect transmissible to man

C C –– Not / or rarely transmissible to man Not / or rarely transmissible to man

Parasitic diseases direct Parasitic diseases direct transmissible to mantransmissible to man

1-Cysticercus bovis1-Cysticercus bovis 2- cysicercus cellulose2- cysicercus cellulose 3- Trichinella spiralis cyst3- Trichinella spiralis cyst 4-Hetrophyes hetrophyes4-Hetrophyes hetrophyes 5-Opistherchois tenuicollis5-Opistherchois tenuicollis 6- Diphyllobothrium latum6- Diphyllobothrium latum 7- Anaskiasis7- Anaskiasis

11 - -Taenia saginataTaenia saginata (Beef tapeworm)(Beef tapeworm)

Lives in the small intestine of manLives in the small intestine of man Cyst called Cyst called Cysticercus bovisCysticercus bovis , , Beef measelsBeef measels

or or cysticercus inermiscysticercus inermis Cyst is rounded or oval in shapeCyst is rounded or oval in shape The cyst is found most commonly in cattle but The cyst is found most commonly in cattle but

occasionally in buffaloeoccasionally in buffaloe

Infestation systemInfestation system

1- Direct in undeveloped areas when animals 1- Direct in undeveloped areas when animals are contact with humans in the same area. Ova are contact with humans in the same area. Ova may remain infective up to 6 monthes may remain infective up to 6 monthes

2-indirect as by wild birds2-indirect as by wild birds

Location ( predilection site)Location ( predilection site)

Heart , tongue , masseter muscles, diaphragh , Heart , tongue , masseter muscles, diaphragh , shoulder, hind quarter , oesophagus , shoulder, hind quarter , oesophagus ,

Control measuresControl measures Improving meat inspectionImproving meat inspection Prevention of cattle infectionPrevention of cattle infection Treatment of infected persons.Treatment of infected persons. Use of modern method as ELISA for diagnosis Use of modern method as ELISA for diagnosis

of infected animals.of infected animals. Vaccination of cattle against C.bovisVaccination of cattle against C.bovis Thorough cooking of meat.Thorough cooking of meat.

2- Pork tapeworm( taenia solium)2- Pork tapeworm( taenia solium)

In the upper part of small intestine of man.In the upper part of small intestine of man. Cestode.Cestode.

Pork measles ( Pork measles ( Cystidercus Cystidercus cellulosaecellulosae))

The cyst is found more commonly in the pig.The cyst is found more commonly in the pig. Size 1.6 x 0.9 cmSize 1.6 x 0.9 cm The cyst may be present also in humans byThe cyst may be present also in humans byA-ingestion of eggsA-ingestion of eggsB- retro[ristalsis movementof small intestineof B- retro[ristalsis movementof small intestineof

man resulting in movement of eggs to the man resulting in movement of eggs to the stomach hexacanth embryo release.stomach hexacanth embryo release.

Cyst may be present in brain and eye so called Cyst may be present in brain and eye so called C.racemosus or proliferative cyst.C.racemosus or proliferative cyst.

LocationLocation

Heart , diaphragm , tongue , neck thigh Heart , diaphragm , tongue , neck thigh shoulder, intercostal, and abdominal muscles shoulder, intercostal, and abdominal muscles

Trichinosis ,trichiniasis, Trichinosis ,trichiniasis, trichinellosis , trichinellasistrichinellosis , trichinellasis

Disease caused by Disease caused by Trichinella spiralis Trichinella spiralis Produce toxic products leads to myocarditis Produce toxic products leads to myocarditis

and fatal encephalitisand fatal encephalitis Adult worm is found in the intestinal tract.Adult worm is found in the intestinal tract. The sexes are distinct , male 1.5 mm, female The sexes are distinct , male 1.5 mm, female

about 3 mm.about 3 mm. It is found in pig, rat , mouse , dog and manIt is found in pig, rat , mouse , dog and man

LarvaeLarvae Are found in muscular tissue ( intramuscle Are found in muscular tissue ( intramuscle

fiber) of the same host.fiber) of the same host. The cyst is lemon shaped containing coiled The cyst is lemon shaped containing coiled

larva. It is parallel to the longitudinal axis of larva. It is parallel to the longitudinal axis of muscle fiber, near the tendon.muscle fiber, near the tendon.

Location : in pig pillars of diaphragm, muscles Location : in pig pillars of diaphragm, muscles of tongue , larynex and the abdominal and of tongue , larynex and the abdominal and intercostal muscles intercostal muscles

Methods of detectionMethods of detection

Trichinoscope Trichinoscope

Infection in manInfection in man

Man become infected by ingestion of raw or Man become infected by ingestion of raw or undercooked trichinosed fleshundercooked trichinosed flesh

Fish parasites transmissible to manFish parasites transmissible to manOpistherchois tenuicollis (O.felineus)Opistherchois tenuicollis (O.felineus)

It is a trematode lives in the bile duct and It is a trematode lives in the bile duct and pancreatic duct of dog ,cat, fox, pig and man. pancreatic duct of dog ,cat, fox, pig and man. It measures 18 mm x 3mmIt measures 18 mm x 3mm

Encysted metacercaria present in fish at the Encysted metacercaria present in fish at the base of the finsbase of the fins

Life cycleLife cycle

11stst intermediate host snail intermediate host snail 22ndnd intermediate host fish intermediate host fish Containing encysted meyacercariaContaining encysted meyacercaria

Hetrophyes hetrophyesHetrophyes hetrophyes

Very small trematode in the small intestine of Very small trematode in the small intestine of dog , cat , fox , and man dog , cat , fox , and man

with a size 1.7 mm x 0.7 mm with a size 1.7 mm x 0.7 mm

Life cycleLife cycle

11stst intermediate host snail intermediate host snail 22ndnd fish ( fish (Mugile cephalus, Tilapia nilotica)Mugile cephalus, Tilapia nilotica) Containing encysted meyacercariaContaining encysted meyacercaria

Diphyllobothrium latumDiphyllobothrium latum

It is a cestode , Occures in the small intestine It is a cestode , Occures in the small intestine of man, dog , cat and fox with a length 2--20 of man, dog , cat and fox with a length 2--20 metermeter

Life cycleLife cycle

11stst intermediate host cyclope intermediate host cyclope 22ndnd intermediate host fish ( as Eel) containing intermediate host fish ( as Eel) containing

pleurocercoid.pleurocercoid. In the caviar or liverIn the caviar or liver

77 - -AnaskiasisAnaskiasis

Nematode Nematode It is found in Japan, the Netherland and USA.It is found in Japan, the Netherland and USA. Definitive hosts are marine mammals.Definitive hosts are marine mammals. In Europe the disease called herring worm disease.In Europe the disease called herring worm disease. In human cases :In human cases : in europe involved intestine in europe involved intestine In Japan involved both gastric and intestinal In Japan involved both gastric and intestinal

infection..It is found in Japan due to eating raw fish is infection..It is found in Japan due to eating raw fish is a traditional way of lifea traditional way of life

Parasitic diseases indirect Parasitic diseases indirect transmissible to mantransmissible to man

Hydatid cystHydatid cyst

EchinococcosisEchinococcosis

Caused by Caused by Echinococcus granulosusEchinococcus granulosus Cestode ,Found in the small intestine of dog.Cestode ,Found in the small intestine of dog. Cyst called hydatid cystCyst called hydatid cyst Hydatid cyst is present in food animals and Hydatid cyst is present in food animals and

manman

Structure of hydatid cystStructure of hydatid cyst

External cuticular membraneExternal cuticular membrane Internal germinal layer, small papilae from Internal germinal layer, small papilae from

which broad capsuleattached by short pedicle which broad capsuleattached by short pedicle or stalkor stalk

Vesicular fluidVesicular fluid Daughter cyst appear as a projection from the Daughter cyst appear as a projection from the

broad capsule broad capsule

Shape of hydatid cystShape of hydatid cyst

Oval or sphericalOval or spherical Size from pin head to childSize from pin head to child ’’s heads head

Chemical residuesChemical residues

Pesticides Pesticides Heavy metals Heavy metals Hormones Hormones Antibiotics Antibiotics Food additives Food additives

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