Animal Food Processing & Nutrition

Blood glucose regulation: insulin & glucagon (49-13,12)

herbivore

ruminant

carnivore

omnivore

detritivore

saprobe

4-part stomach

suspension

fluid

substrate

bulk

Ingestion digestion absorption elimination

Sponges

(31-1)

(5-21)

Gastrovascular cavities

Tubular/complete systems

Annelid (31-19)

typhlosole

TongueHuman digestive system

Mammal teeth

TongueHuman digestive system

Peristalsis

Stomach

Acid chyme

Gastroesophageal/cardiac

TongueHuman digestive system

Sodium bicarbonate

Digestive enzymes

TongueHuman digestive system

circular folds

brush border

lacteal

Where the food molecules go

chylomicrons

TongueHuman digestive system

From Wikipedia

Hormonal control of digestion

/enterogastrone

TongueHuman digestive system

Defecation reflex

Comparison of mammal digestive systems

Human Nutrition

For the most recent USDA dietary guidelines:

http://www.choosemyplate.gov/guidelines/index.html

Major components (macronutrients)

Minor components (micronutrients)

Leptin deficient

Appetite: it’s complicated

Ghr = ghrelin (+)

NPY = Neuropeptide Y (+)

PYY = peptide YY (-)

CCK = cholecystokinin (-)

Insulin (-)

Leptin (-)

(and there’s more...)

NPY

Carbohydrates: Simple vs. complex

ProteinsEssential Amino Acids

Isoleucine Leucine Lysine

Methionine Phenylalanine

Threonine Tryptophan

Valine

Lipids

Essential Fatty Acids

Lipoproteins:

Tryglycerides

Cholesterol

Proteins

Alpha linolenic

Linoleic

rickets

(Vit D deficiency)

pellagra

(niacin deficiency)

scurvy

(Vit C deficiency)

Micronutrients

Water Soluble VitaminsThiamin (B1)

Riboflavin (B2)Niacin (B3)

Pantothenic Acid (B5)Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine, Pyridoxine (B6)

Biotin Cobalamin (B12)

Folic Acid/Folacin Ascorbic Acid (C)

Fat Soluble VitaminsVitamin A Vitamin DVitamin E Vitamin K

Calcium

Phosphorus

Sulfur

Potassium

Chlorine

Sodium

Magnesium

Iron

Fluorine

Zinc

Copper

Manganese

Iodine

Cobalt

Selenium

Chromium

Molybdenum

Minerals

Antioxidants

Phytochemicals

In section 47.3 & 47.4 - only study the information covered by lecture.