Animal Farmbooklet

8/20/2019 Animal Farmbooklet

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Animal Farm

By George Orwell

Study Pack S4

Hazlehead Academy English Deartment

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Unit Aims and Contents

!nit Aims"

#o $ecome con%ident readers

#o de&elo &oca$ulary

#o de&elo understanding o% literary

techni'ues such as lot( character(

theme( language)imagery and turning

oint*

#o discuss reactions and thoughts onthe techni'ues

#o de&elo critical thinking skills

#o imro&e critical essay writing skills)e+am skills

,ontents"

Background)conte+t o% the no&el - #he .ussian .e&olution*

/otes on the author( George Orwell*

Summary o% lot and characters *

0ork %or each chater - 1eeing u with the lot*

,haracter sheets %or analysis o% ma2or characters*

3anguage worksheets)tasks %rom the no&el*

#he turning oint ( its imortance and how

it a%%ects the outcome o% the no&el* #hematic study and discussion oints*

4oca$ulary)glossary notes

,ritical essay 'uestions and hints

!se%ul we$sites %or study and notes*

Background and Context

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#he .ussian .e&olution

#he .ussian .e&olution o% 5657 centres around two rimary e&ents" the Fe$ruary

.e&olution and the Octo$er .e&olution*

#he February Revolution( which remo&ed #sar Nicholas II %rom ower* #he October Revolution 8also called the Bolshevik Revolution9 o&erturned the

interim ro&isional go&ernment and esta$lished the Soviet Union*

#he Bolshe&iks declared themsel&es the reresentati&es o% a dictatorshi o!

the roletariat* :n resonse( the Russian Civil "ar $roke out in the summer o%

that year and would last well into 56;64 until 5657* ladimir 3enin 8a*k*a* ladimir :lich !lyano&9 =#he %ounder o% the Bolshe&ik

Party( organizer o% the Octo$er .e&olution( and the %irst leader o% the So&iet

!nion*

?oseh Stalin 8a*k*a* ?oseh Dzhugash&ili9 = a%ter the re&olution( Stalin $ecame

increasingly ower%ul and e&entually succeeded 3enin as leader o% the So&iet

!nion uon 3enin@s death in 56;4*

3eon #rotsky 8a*k*a* 3eon Bronstein9 - a Bolshe&ik leader and one o% the most

rominent %igures o% the Octo$er .e&olution* #rotsky( who was in e+ile a$road

during the Fe$ruary .e&olution( returned to .ussia in ay 5657( closely aligned

himsel% with 3enin( and 2oined the Bolshe&ik Party during the summer*

3inks to ,haracters in the /o&el

#he animals in the no&el reresent the %our men in last slide and the .ussian

eole*

#he characters o% Old a2or ( Snow$all ( Farmer ?ones and /aoleon reresent

each o% the %our men*

#he Author and $lot Summary

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George Orwell 56


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Reading the Novel

0hilst reading the no&el( it is imortant that you kee u with the lot and who

each character is and what role they lay in the story*

,haters 5 - 4

A% !sing the te+t answer the 'uestions on ,hater 4 - %ind short and snay 'uotes to suort

your answers - don@t coy out chucks o% te+t*

5* How did /aoleon and Snow$all sread the news o% the re$ellion to the animals on

neigh$ouring %arms

;* 0hat are /aoleon@s ideas a$out education

* Did Pilkington and Frederick o%%er to hel ?ones at %irst4* How did they react to their own animals singing Beasts o% England

C* 0hat name was gi&en to the $attle in which ?ones and his %riends tried to retake Animal

Farm

* 0here was ollie during the $attle

7* 0hat was Snow$all@s art in the $attle

>* 0here did Snow$all learn his $attle techni'ues

6* 0hy did Snow$all gi&e the sound %or retreat

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.ead %rom" Silent and terri%ied( the animals cret $ack into the $arn*@ to" #hen

the shee $roke out into a tremendous $leating o% Four legs good( two legs $adI

which went on %or nearly a 'uarter o% an hour and ut an end to any chance o%

discussion*@

5* 0hat is your oinion o% the way /aoleon $eha&es in this e+tract Jou shouldconsider"

how the animals are %eeling

the way /aoleon uses the dogs

the words and hrases Orwell uses*

;* How do you %eel a$out the way in which /aoleon uses the dogs and the shee tokee ower o&er the other animals

.emem$er to suort your &iews with details %rom other arts o% the no&el*

* How does Orwell show the shi%t in ower to /aoleon in this e+tract

4* How does Orwell show the way in which the igs( under /aoleon( $ecome the

new ruling class in Animal Farm .emem$er to suort your ideas with details%rom the no&el*

C* Outline the key e&ents !rom when the milk disaeared u to this e+tract

* E+lain how the writer resents the theme o% corrut ower in this e+tract* !se

e&idence %rom the e+tract to suort your answer*

7* From this e+tract what do you learn about the character o! Naoleon !se


>* /aoleon makes use o% the dogs and the shee to silence the animals* E+lain

how /aoleon makes use o% the dogs and the shee later on in the no&el* !se

e+amles o% the &riter's language to suort your answer*

6* E+lain how the author resents the character o! Naoleon in this e+tract* !se


,omment on ho& the language in the e+tract is used to sho& Naoleon's attitude tothe other animals* !se e&idence %rom the e+tract to suort your answer*

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E+lore the imortance o% the way o&er corruts in this e+tract* !se e&idence %rom

the e+tract to suort your answer*

E+lore the imortance o% the corrution o% ower in one other art o% the no&el* !see+amles o% the writer@s language to suort your answer*

Characterisation

All animals are equal.

Four legs good, two legs bad.

The Pigs:

Napoleon

A young $oar ig*

He was a large( rather %ierce lookingBerkshire $oar( the only Berkshire on

the %arm( not much o% a talker $ut

with a reutation %or getting his own

way*

Snowball

A more &i&acious ig than /aoleon(

'uicker in seech and more in&enti&e(

$ut he was not thought to ha&e the

same deth o% character*

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A small( %at ig with &ery round cheeks(

twinkling eyes( nim$le mo&ements and a shrill

&oice* He was a $rilliant talker( and when he

was arguing some di%%icult oint he had a

way o% skiing %rom side to side and

whisking his tail, which was somehow very

persuasive.”

Old Major He was twel&e years old and had lately

grown rather stout $ut he was a

ma2estic looking ig with a wise and

$ene&olent aearance*

The horses:

Clover

“Clover was a stout motherly mare

approaching middle life. he had

never quite got her figure back after

her fourth foal”

Boxer

“An enormous beast, nearly eighteen

hands high and as strong as any two

ordinary horses put together. A white

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stripe down his nose gave him

somewhat stupid appearance but he

was universally respected for his

steadiness of character and

tremendous powers of work.”

Mollie

A pretty, foolish mare who drew !r

"ones# trap. “he began flirting her

white mane hoping to draw attention

to the red ribbons it was plaited

with.”

Benjamin the donkey

“$he oldest animal on the farm and

the worst tempered. %e seldom

talked and when he did it was usually

to make some cynical remark.

&evertheless, he was devoted to

'o(er.”

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Mriel the goat

“!uriel, the goat, could readsomewhat better than the dogs and

sometimes used to read to the others

)”

Moses! a tame raven

%e was !r "ones# especial pet, was a

spy and a tale bearer, but he was also

a clever talker. $he animals hated

!oses because he told tales and did

not work

The dogs:

Blebell! "essie and Pit#her $he farm dogs. &apoleon takes si( of their

puppies and rears them secretly* “$houghnot yet full+grown, they were huge dogs

and as fierce+looking as wolves. $hey kept

close to &apoleon. t was noticed theat

they wagged their tails to him )”

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Naoleon ( From the &ery $eginning o% the no&ella( /aoleon emerges as an

utterly corrut oortunist* #hough always resent at the early meetings o% the

new state( /aoleon ne&er makes a single contri$ution to the re&olutionKnot tothe %ormulation o% its ideology( not to the $loody struggle that it necessitates(not to the new society@s initial attemts to esta$lish itsel%* He ne&er shows

interest in the strength o% Animal Farm itsel%( only in the strength o% his owero&er it* #hus( the only ro2ect he undertakes with enthusiasm is the training o%

a litter o% uies* He doesn@t educate them %or their own good or %or the goodo% all( howe&er( $ut rather %or his own good" they $ecome his own ri&ate army

or secret olice( a &iolent means $y which he imoses his will on others*

Sno&ball = Orwell@s stint in a #rotskyist $attalion in the Sanish ,i&il 0arKduring which he %irst $egan lans %or a criti'ue o% totalitariancommunismKin%luenced his relati&ely ositi&e ortrayal o% Snow$all* As

a arallel %or 3eon #rotsky( Snow$all emerges as a %er&ent ideologuewho throws himsel% heart and soul into the attemt to sread Animalism

worldwide and to imro&e Animal Farm@s in%rastructure* His idealism(howe&er( leads to his down%all* .elying only on the %orce o% his own logic

and rhetorical skill to gain his in%luence( he ro&es no match %or

/aoleon@s show o% $rute %orce*

Boxer = #he most symathetically drawn character in the no&el( Bo+er

eitomizes all o% the $est 'ualities o% the e+loited working classes"

dedication( loyalty( and a huge caacity %or la$or* He also( howe&er(

su%%ers %rom what Orwell saw as the working class@s ma2or weaknesses"

a naL&e trust in the good intentions o% the intelligentsia and an ina$ility

to recognize e&en the most $latant %orms o% olitical corrution*

E+loited $y the igs as much or more than he had $een $y r* ?ones(

Bo+er reresents all o% the in&isi$le la$or that undergirds the olitical

drama $eing carried out $y the elites* Bo+er@s iti%ul death at a glue%actory dramatically illustrates the e+tent o% the igs@ $etrayal* :t may

also( howe&er( seak to the seci%ic signi%icance o% Bo+er himsel%"

$e%ore $eing carted o%%( he ser&es as the %orce that holds Animal Farm

together*

S)uealer = #hroughout his career( Orwell e+lored how oliticians maniulate

language in an age o% mass media* :n Animal Farm( the sil&er=tongued ig

S'uealer a$uses language to 2usti%y /aoleon@s actions and olicies to

the roletariat $y whate&er means seem necessary* By radicallysimli%ying languageKas when he teaches the shee to $leat Four legs

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good( two legs $etterIKhe limits the terms o% de$ate* By comlicating

language unnecessarily( he con%uses and intimidates the uneducated( as

when he e+lains that igs( who are the $rainworkers o% the %arm(

consume milk and ales not %or leasure( $ut %or the good o% their

comrades* :n this latter strategy( he also emloys 2argon 8tactics(tactics9 as well as a $a%%ling &oca$ulary o% %alse and imenetra$le

statistics( engendering in the other animals $oth sel%=dou$t and a sense

o% hoelessness a$out e&er accessing the truth without the igs@

mediation* S'uealer@s lack o% conscience and unwa&ering loyalty to his

leader( alongside his rhetorical skills( make him the er%ect roagandist

%or any tyranny* S'uealer@s name also %its him well" s'uealing( o% course(

re%ers to a ig@s tyical %orm o% &ocalization( and S'uealer@s seech

de%ines him* At the same time( to s'ueal also means to $etray( atly

e&oking S'uealer@s $eha&iour with regard to his %ellow animals*

Old *a+or = As a democratic socialist( Orwell had a great deal o% resect %or

1arl ar+( the German olitical economist( and e&en %or ladimir :lych

3enin( the .ussian re&olutionary leader* His criti'ue o% Animal Farm haslittle to do with the ar+ist ideology underlying the .e$ellion $ut

rather with the er&ersion o% that ideology $y later leaders* a2or( who

reresents $oth ar+ and 3enin( ser&es as the source o% the ideals that

the animals continue to uhold e&en a%ter their ig leaders ha&e$etrayed them* #hough his ortrayal o% Old a2or is largely ositi&e(

Orwell does include a %ew small ironies that allow the reader to 'uestionthe &enera$le ig@s moti&es* For instance( in the midst o% his long litany

o% comlaints a$out how the animals ha&e $een treated $y human $eings(

Old a2or is %orced to concede that his own li%e has $een long( %ull( and%ree %rom the terrors he has &i&idly sketched %or his rat audience* Heseems to ha&e claimed a %alse $rotherhood with the other animals in

order to garner their suort %or his &ision*

Clover = A good=hearted %emale cart=horse and Bo+er@s close %riend* ,lo&er

o%ten susects the igs o% &iolating one or another o% the Se&en,ommandments( $ut she reeatedly $lames hersel% %or misremem$ering the

commandments*

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*oses = #he tame ra&en who sreads stories o% Sugarcandy ountain( the

aradise to which animals suosedly go when they die* oses lays only a small

role in Animal Farm( $ut Orwell uses him to e+lore how communism e+loits

religion as something with which to aci%y the oressed*

*ollie = #he &ain( %lighty mare who ulls r* ?ones@s carriage* ollie cra&es the

attention o% human $eings and lo&es $eing groomed and amered* She has a

di%%icult time with her new li%e on Animal Farm( as she misses wearing ri$$ons in

her mane and eating sugar cu$es* She reresents the etit $ourgeoisie that %led

%rom .ussia a %ew years a%ter the .ussian .e&olution*

Ben+amin = #he long=li&ed donkey who re%uses to %eel insired $y the .e$ellion*

Ben2amin %irmly $elie&es that li%e will remain unleasant no matter who is in

charge* O% all o% the animals on the %arm( he alone comrehends the changesthat take lace( $ut he seems either unwilling or una$le to oose the igs*

*uriel = #he white goat who reads the Se&en ,ommandments to ,lo&erwhene&er ,lo&er susects the igs o% &iolating their rohi$itions*

*r% ,ones = #he o%ten drunk %armer who runs the anor Farm $e%ore the

animals stage their .e$ellion and esta$lish Animal Farm* r* ?ones is an unkindmaster who indulges himsel% while his animals lack %oodM he thus reresents

#sar /icholas ::( whom the .ussian .e&olution ousted**r% Frederick = #he tough( shrewd oerator o% Pinch%ield( a neigh$ouring %arm*

Based on Adol% Hitler( the ruler o% /azi Germany in the 56


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*inimus = #he oet ig who writes &erse a$out /aoleon and ens the $anal

atriotic song Animal Farm( Animal Farm to relace the earlier idealistic hymn

Beasts o% England( which Old a2or asses on to the others*

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#hemes and Images

#hemes

#hemes are the %undamental and o%ten uni&ersal ideas e+lored in a literary

work*

#he ,orrution o% Socialist :deals in the So&iet !nion

#he Societal #endency #oward ,lass Strati%ication

#he Danger o% a /aL&e 0orking ,lass

#he A$use o% 3anguage as :nstrumental to the A$use o% Power

:mages

Songs

Animal Farm is %illed with songs( oems( and slogans( including a2or@s stirring Beasts o%

England( inimus@s ode to /aoleon( the shee@s chants( and inimus@s re&ised

anthem( Animal Farm( Animal Farm* All o% these songs ser&e as roaganda( one o%

the ma2or conduits o% social control* By making the working=class animals seak the

same words at the same time( the igs e&oke an atmoshere o% grandeur and no$ility

associated with the recited te+t@s su$2ect matter* #he songs also erode the animals@

sense o% indi&iduality and kee them %ocused on the tasks $y which they will

urortedly achie&e %reedom*

State .itual

As Animal Farm shi%ts gears %rom its early re&olutionary %er&or to a hase o% consolidation o%

ower in the hands o% the %ew( national rituals $ecome an e&er more common art o% the %arm@s

social li%e* ilitary awards( large arades( and new songs all roli%erate as the state attemts to

rein%orce the loyalty o% the animals* #he increasing %re'uency o% the rituals $eseaks the

e+tent to which the working class in the no&ella $ecomes e&er more reliant on the ruling class to

de%ine their grou identity and &alues*

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Animal Farm

Animal Farm( known at the $eginning and the end o% the no&el as the anor Farm( sym$olizes

.ussia and the So&iet !nion under ,ommunist Party rule* But more generally( Animal Farm stands

%or any human society( $e it caitalist( socialist( %ascist( or communist* :t ossesses the internal

structure o% a nation( with a go&ernment 8the igs9( a olice %orce or army 8the dogs9( a working

class 8the other animals9( and state holidays and rituals* :ts location amid a num$er o% hostile

neigh$ouring %arms suorts its sym$olism as a olitical entity with dilomatic concerns*

#he Barn

#he $arn at Animal Farm( on whose outside walls the igs aint the Se&en ,ommandments and(

later( their re&isions( reresents the collecti&e memory o% a modern nation* #he many scenes in

which the ruling=class igs alter the rinciles o% Animalism and in which the working=class

animals uzzle o&er $ut accet these changes reresent the way an institution in ower can

re&ise a community@s concet o% history to $olster its control* :% the working class $elie&eshistory to lie on the side o% their oressors( they are less likely to 'uestion oressi&e

ractices* oreo&er( the oressors( $y re&ising their nation@s concetion o% its origins and

de&eloment( gain control o% the nation@s &ery identity( and the oressed soon come to deend

uon the authorities %or their communal sense o% sel%*

#he 0indmill

#he great windmill sym$olizes the igs@ maniulation o% the other animals %or their own gain*

Desite the immediacy o% the need %or %ood and warmth( the igs e+loit Bo+er and the other

common animals $y making them undertake $ack$reaking la$or to $uild the windmill( which willultimately earn the igs more money and thus increase their ower* #he igs@ declaration that

Snow$all is resonsi$le %or the windmill@s %irst collase constitutes sychological maniulation(

as it re&ents the common animals %rom dou$ting the igs@ a$ilities and unites them against a

suosed enemy* #he ultimate con&ersion o% the windmill to commercial use is one more sign o%

the igs@ $etrayal o% their %ellow animals* From an allegorical oint o% &iew( the windmill

reresents the enormous modernization ro2ects undertaken in So&iet .ussia a%ter the .ussian

.e&olution*

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-anguage

Orwell is &ery good at ortraying the kind o% roaganda that rulers use to

answer criticisms* .ead the e+tract %rom ,hater $elow* :t is S'uealer@s

e+lanation o% why the milk and ales are $eing reser&ed %or the igs*

0ork with a artner and answer the %ollowing"

How does S'uealer anticiate and deal with the accusation that the igs

are creating a ri&ileged class How does he use seudo=scienti%ic %acts@ that aarently $ack him u

0hat reason does he gi&e %or the igs needing milk and ales

How does he make the igs sound sel%less and dedicated 0hat threat does he %inally use that he knows will clinch the argument

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,omradesI he cried* Jou do not imagine( : hoe( that we igs are

doing this in a sirit o% sel%ishness and ri&ilege any o% us actually

dislike milk and ales* : dislike them mysel%* Our sole o$2ect in

taking these things is to reser&e our health* ilk and ales 8this has

$een ro&ed $y Science( comrades9 contain su$stances a$solutely

necessary to the well=$eing o% a ig* 0e igs are $rainworkers* #he

whole management and organisation o% this %arm deend on us* Day

and night we are watching o&er your wel%are* :t is %or JO!. sake that

we drink that milk and eat those ales* Do you know what would

haen i% we igs %ailed in our duty ?ones would come $ackI Jes(

?ones would come $ackI Surely( comrades( cried S'uealer almost

leadingly( skiing %rom side to side and whisking his tail( surely

there is no one among you who wants to see ?ones come $ack @


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Propaganda

roaganda 8ro=a=gan=da9 n* #he systematic sreading o% in%ormation( esecially in a

$iased or misleading way( in order to romote a olitical cause or oint o% &iew* #he

aim o% roaganda is to ersuade eole to accet certain $elie%s or %acts without

'uestion*

0hen wars are $eing %ought it $ecomes imortant to kee u the sirits and morale o%

your own side)country and at the same time ersuade the enemy that they are %ighting a

lost cause without any hoe o% &ictory*

:n Animal Farm ( roaganda is used to trick and decei&e* #he roaganda e+tolled(

$ecomes a twisted mass o% lies and hal%=truths intended to hide the reality o% the

situation %rom the animals* :t is used to con%use and $ewilder them* And a$o&e all( to

sto them thinking %or themsel&es*

S'uealer is in charge o% all the roaganda %or /aoleon* E&ery time something haens

which makes the animals 'uestion the way the re&olution is rogressing( S'uealer uses

his skills with language to ersuade them that e&erything is %or the $est*

#hese seven techni)ues are called.

name calling( glittering generalities( trans%er( testimonial( lain %olks( card stacking( $and wagon*

/ame=calling !sed to create %ear and arouse re2udice $y using negati&e words to create an

un%a&oura$le oinion or hatred against a grou( $elie%s( ideas or institutions*

#his method calls %or a conclusion without e+amining the e&idence*

/ame calling is used as a su$stitute %or arguing the merits o% an idea( $elie%( or

roosal*

:t is o%ten emloyed using sarcasm and ridicule the actual idea or roosal*

Glittering Generalities

Glittering generalities are words that ha&e di%%erent ositi&e meanings %or indi&idual

su$2ects( $ut are linked to highly &alued concets*

0hen these words are used( they demand aro&al without thinking( simly $ecause such

an imortant concet is in&ol&ed*

For e+amle( when a erson is asked to do something in de%ence o% democracy@ they are

more likely to agree* #he concet o% democracy has a ositi&e connotation to them

$ecause it is linked to a concet that they &alue*

0ords o%ten used as glittering generalities are honour( glory( lo&e o% country( and

%reedom*

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#rans%er

#rans%er is a techni'ue used to carry o&er the authority and aro&al o% something we

resect and re&ere( to something the roagandist would ha&e us accet* Propagandists often employ symbols (e.g. waing t!e "ag# to stir o$r emotions

and win o$r approal.

#estimonial

Proagandists use this techni'ue to associate a resected erson or someone with

e+erience to endorse a roduct or cause $y gi&ing it their stam o% aro&al hoing

that the intended audience will %ollow their e+amle*

Plain Folks

Proagandists use this aroach to con&ince the audience that the sokeserson is %rom

hum$le origins( someone they can trust and who has their interests at heart*

Proagandists ha&e the seaker use ordinary language and mannerisms to reach the

audience and identi%y with their oint o% &iew*

,ard Stacking

Selecti&e omission*

:t in&ol&es only resenting in%ormation that is ositi&e to an idea or roosal andomitting in%ormation contrary to it*

Although the ma2ority o% in%ormation resented $y the card stacking aroach is true( it

omits imortant in%ormation*

Band 0agon

Bandwagon is an aeal to the su$2ect to %ollow the crowd( to 2oin in $ecause others are

doing so as well*

Bandwagon roaganda is( essentially( trying to con&ince the su$2ect that one side is thewinning side( $ecause more eole ha&e 2oined it*

Su$2ects o% $andwagon are comelled to 2oin in $ecause e&eryone else is doing so as well*

3esser o% #wo E&ils

#he lesser o% two e&ils@ techni'ue tries to con&ince us o% an idea or roosal $y

resenting it as the least o%%ensi&e otion*

#his techni'ue is o%ten imlemented to con&ince eole o% the need %or sacri%ices or to

2usti%y di%%icult decisions*

#his techni'ue is o%ten accomanied $y adding $lame on an enemy country or olitical

grou*

One idea or roosal is o%ten deicted as one o% the only otions or aths*

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Simli!ication

Simli%ication reduces a comle+ situation to a clear=cut choice in&ol&ing good and e&il*

#his is similar to the lesser o% two e&ils@ techni'ue@

-anguage and Style

Figurati&e 3anguage - the %act that the no&el reresents a time in history

without using the historical story and the real eole in&ol&ed*

0riting is controlled and simle - the story is told in a simle way and is

understood $y the reader* Orwell maniulates the reader into taking on his

olitical &iews and siding with the animals on the %arm and %eeling dislike %or the

igs*

Simle 3anguage - much like a children@s %airytale( the narrator acts as a story=

teller*

.eetition - certain words and hrases are reeated throughout e*g* the animals

worked like sla&es

Political satire - where there is gain %rom laughing at olitics e*g* the .ussian

Go&ernment reresented in the no&el as igsI

,omedy - e*g* the igs getting drunk*

Allegory - means that something written has two meanings*

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Imortant /uotations 0 a start1

Nan is the only creature that consumes without roducing* He does not gi&e milk( he does

not lay eggs( he is too weak to ull the lough( he cannot run %ast enough to catch ra$$its* Jet

he is lord o% all the animals* He sets them to work( he gi&es $ack to them the $are minimum that

will re&ent them %rom star&ing( and the rest he kees %or himsel%*N

= George Orwell( Animal Farm ( ,h* 5

NAll men are enemies* All animals are comrades*N


N#HE SEE/ ,OA/DE/#S

5* 0hate&er goes uon two legs is an enemy*

;* 0hate&er goes uon %our legs( or has wings( is a %riend*

* /o animal shall wear clothes*

4* /o animal shall slee in a $ed*

C* /o animal shall drink alcohol*

* /o animal shall kill any other animal*

7* All animals are e'ual*N

= George Orwell( Animal Farm ( ,h* ;

N#he animals were hay as they had ne&er concei&ed it ossi$le to $e* E&ery mouth%ul o%

%ood was an acute ositi&e leasure( now that it was truly their own %ood( roduced $y

themsel&es and %or themsel&es( not doled out to them $y a grudging master*N

= George Orwell( Animal Farm ( ,h*

N: will work harderIN


NFO!. 3EGS GOOD( #0O 3EGS BADN

= George Orwell( Animal Farm ( ,h* ( g* ;6

N:t was gi&en out that the animals there racticed canni$alism( tortured one another with

red=hot horseshoes( and had their %emales in common* #his was what came o% re$elling against

the laws o% /ature( Frederick and Pilkington said*N


N: ha&e no wish to take li%e( not e&en human li%e( reeated Bo+er( and his eyes were %ull o%

tears*N


N/o one $elie&es more %irmly than ,omrade /aoleon that all animals are e'ual* He would $e

only too hay to let you make your decisions %or yoursel&es* But sometimes you might make the

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wrong decisions( comrades( and then where should we $eN

= George Orwell( Animal Farm ( ,h* C

N/aoleon is always right*N

= George Orwell( Animal Farm ( ,h* C

NAll that year the animals worked like sla&es* But they were hay in their workM they

grudged no e%%ort or sacri%ice( well aware that e&erything they did was %or the $ene%it o%

themsel&es and those o% their kind who would come a%ter them( and not %or a ack o% idle(

thie&ing human $eings*N


N#he human $eings did not hate Animal Farm any less now that it was roseringM indeed(

they hated it more than e&er*N


N#hey were always cold( and usually hungry as well*N= George Orwell( Animal Farm ( ,h* 7

N:% a window was $roken or a drain was $locked u( someone was certain to say that Snow$all

had come in the night and done it( and when the key o% the store=shed was lost( the whole %arm

was con&inced that Snow$all had thrown it down the well* ,uriously enough( they went on

$elie&ing this e&en a%ter the mislaid key was %ound under a sack o% meal*N


N:% she hersel% had had any icture o% the %uture( it had $een o% a society o% animals set

%ree %rom hunger and the whi( all e'ual( each working according to his caacity( the strong

rotecting the weak*N= George Orwell( Animal Farm ( ,h* 7

Nthey had come to a time when no one dared seak his mind( when %ierce( growling dogs

roamed e&erywhere( and when you had to watch your comrades torn to ieces a%ter con%essing

to shocking crimes*N ,hater 7

Nsome o% the animals remem$ered==or thought they remem$ered==that the Si+th

,ommandment decreed /o animal shall kill any other animal* And though no one cared to

mention it in the hearing o% the igs or the dogs( it was %elt that the killings which had taken

lace did not s'uare with this*N

= George Orwell( Animal Farm ( ,h* >

N:t had $ecome usual to gi&e /aoleon the credit %or e&ery success%ul achie&ement and

e&ery stroke o% good %ortune* Jou would o%ten hear one hen remark to another( !nder the

guidance o% our 3eader( ,omrade /aoleon( : ha&e laid %i&e eggs in si+ daysM or two cows(

en2oying a drink at the ool( would e+claim( #hanks to the leadershi o% ,omrade /aoleon( how

e+cellent this water tastesIN

= George Orwell( Animal Farm ( ,h* >

N.eading out the %igures in a shrill( raid &oice( he ro&ed to them in detail that they had

more oats( more hay( more turnis than they had had in ?oness day( that they worked shorter

hours( that their drinking water was o% $etter 'uality( that they li&ed longer( that a largerroortion o% their young ones sur&i&ed in%ancy( and that they had more straw in their stalls and

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su%%ered less %rom %leas*N


NBesides( in those days they had $een sla&es and now they were %ree( and that made all the

di%%erence( as S'uealer did not %ail to oint out*N


N/aoleon had denounced such ideas as contrary to the sirit o% Animalism* #he truest

hainess( he said( lay in working hard and li&ing %rugally*N

= George Orwell( Animal Farm ( ,h* 5<

NOnly old Ben2amin ro%essed to remem$er e&ery detail o% his long li%e and to know that

things ne&er had $een( nor e&er could $e much $etter or much worse = hunger( hardshi and

disaointment $eing( so he said( the unaltera$le law o% li%e*N



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Answers to 'uestions in this section should re%er to the te+t and to such rele&ant %eatures as"

characterisation( setting( language( key incident8s9( clima+)turning oint( lot( structure(

narrati&e techni'ue( theme( ideas( descrition * * *

5* ,hoose a no&el or short story in which t&o o% the main characters ha&e a disagreement

which is imortant to the outcome o% the no&el or short story*:denti%y the reasons %or the disagreement and go on to show how the e%%ects o% the

disagreement ha&e an imact on the rest o% the no&el or short story*

;* ,hoose a no&el or short story which has a turning oint or moment o% realisation %or at

least one o% the characters* Brie%ly descri$e what has led u to the turning oint or

moment* Go on to show what imact this has on the character8s9 and how it a%%ects the

outcome o% the no&el or story*

* ,hoose a no&el or short story in which you %eel symathy with one o% the main

characters $ecause o% the di%%iculties or in2ustice or hardshis she or he has to %ace*

Descri$e the ro$lems the character %aces and show $y what means you are made to

%eel symathy %or her or him*

4* ,hoose a no&el or a short story which deals with the e%%ects o% e&il or war or deceit or a

$reakdown in society or a $reakdown in relationshi8s9*

Show how any o% these negati&e ressures a%%ects the main character in the no&el or

short story and go on to show whether or not she or he tackles it success%ully*

/B

Jou must ha&e notes on character( setting( clima+)turning oint(

language and theme to answer an essay 'uestion aroriately*

How to use 'uotations"

• Put in&erted commas at the $eginning and end o% the 'uotation

• 0rite the 'uotation e+actly as it aears in the te+t

• Do not use a 'uotation which merely reeats what you ha&e 2ust written

• !se a 'uotation that %its into a sentence

• 1ee the 'uotation as short as ossi$le

uotations should $e used to de&elo the line o% thought in your essays*

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uestions %or mini=resonses)de&eloment

5* 3ook at the two main characters* How does their relationshi alter as the

story rogresses

;* 0hat strategies do the igs emloy to suress the other animals on the

%arm

* How human are the animals on the %arm

4* How imortant is the issue o% education in the no&el

C*

Animal Farmbooklet

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