Animal Adaptations What is ecology? The study of the interactions that take place among organisms...
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Transcript of Animal Adaptations What is ecology? The study of the interactions that take place among organisms...
Animal Adaptations
What is ecology?
• The study of the interactions that take place among organisms and their environment
Adaptations
How do adaptations help animals survive in their environment?
• An adaptation is a body part or behavior that helps an animal survive in a particular environment.
• Adaptation can help an animal breathe, catch food, or hide.
• All animals are adapted to live in certain habitats.
• Animals that cannot adapt will die out.
body part or behavior that helps an animal survive in a particular environment.
help an animal
breathe, catch
food, or hide.
adapted to live in certain habitats.
We can separate adaptations into two categories:
Physical
AND
Behavioral
body part or behavior that helps an animal survive in a particular environment.
help an animal
breathe, catch
food, or hide.
adapted to live in certain habitats. Physical Behavioral
•Physical adaptations are body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species.
•Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment.
Hey! I’m a walking
stick. I look just like a
stick you’d find on the
ground.
© A. Weinberg
body part or behavior that helps an animal survive in a particular environment.
help an animal
breathe, catch
food, or hide.
adapted to live in certain habitats. Physical Behavioral
body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species.
help an animal survive in its environment
Physical adaptation
Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding)
The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings. Can you do that?
body part or behavior that helps an animal survive in a particular environment.
help an animal
breathe, catch
food, or hide.
adapted to live in certain habitats. Physical Behavioral
body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species.
help an animal survive in its environment
Camouflageuse of color in a
surrounding
Mimicry (looking or sounding like another living
organism)
The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart?
Poisonous
Not poisonous
Physical adaptation
I’m the Monarch!
I’m the Viceroy!
body part or behavior that helps an animal survive in a particular environment.
help an animal
breathe, catch
food, or hide.
adapted to live in certain habitats. Physical Behavioral
body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species.
help an animal survive in its environment
Camouflageuse of color in a
surrounding
Mimicry (looking or
sounding like another living
organism)
Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays)
Physical adaptation
body part or behavior that helps an animal survive in a particular environment.
help an animal
breathe, catch
food, or hide.
adapted to live in certain habitats. Physical Behavioral
body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species.
help an animal survive in its environment
Camouflageuse of color in a
surrounding
Mimicry (looking or
sounding like another living
organism)
Chemical defenses
(like venom, ink, sprays)
Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls, teeth)
Physical adaptations
The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick
things up.
body part or behavior that helps an animal survive in a particular environment.
help an animal
breathe, catch
food, or hide.
adapted to live in certain habitats. Physical Behavioral
body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species.
help an animal survive in its environment
Camouflageuse of color in a
surrounding
Mimicry (looking or
sounding like another living
organism)
Chemical defenses
(like venom, ink, sprays)
Body coverings & parts
(claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls,
teeth)
Behavioral Adaptations allow animals to respond to
life needs.
body part or behavior that helps an animal survive in a particular environment.
help an animal
breathe, catch
food, or hide.
adapted to live in certain habitats. Physical Behavioral
body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species.
help an animal survive in its environment
Camouflageuse of color in a
surrounding
Mimicry (looking or
sounding like another living
organism)
Chemical defenses
(like venom, ink, sprays)
Body coverings & parts
(claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls,
teeth)
allow animals to respond to life needs.
Each organism has unique methods of adapting to its environment by means of
different actions.
Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions.
Remember that Physical Adaptations are body
structures.
body part or behavior that helps an animal survive in a particular environment.
help an animal
breathe, catch
food, or hide.
adapted to live in certain habitats. Physical Behavioral
body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species.
help an animal survive in its environment
Camouflageuse of color in a
surrounding
Mimicry (looking or
sounding like another living
organism)
Chemical defenses
(like venom, ink, sprays)
Body coverings & parts
(claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls,
teeth)
allow animals to respond to life needs.
animals’ actions
Homeostasis
• Maintenance of constant internal conditions in the face of a varying external environment.
• Examples: – The thickening of fur in winter.– The seeking of shade in heat.– The production of more red blood cells
at high altitude.
Maintenance of constant internal conditions in the face of a varying external environment
Endotherms vs.
Ectotherms
Maintenance of constant internal conditions in the face of a varying external environment
Endotherms Ectotherms
Endotherms
• Endotherms are animals that warm their bodies mainly from their own metabolism.– We call these animals warm-blooded.– Maintain a constant body temperature
regardless of changes in the surrounding temperature
Maintenance of constant internal conditions in the face of a varying external environment
Endotherms Ectotherms
animals that warm their bodies mainly from their own metabolism
Warm-blooded
Body temp the same regardless of weather
How do endothems adapt?• Fat layers, fur, and
feathers insulate the body and retain heat.
• Shivering muscles contract to increase body heat.
• Some animals hibernate. Hibernation enables animals to survive long periods of cold and lack of food.
• Canines, like this Brittany, use panting as a means of temperature regulation.
Maintenance of constant internal conditions in the face of a varying external environment
Endotherms Ectotherms
animals that warm their bodies mainly from their own metabolism
Warm-blooded
Body temp the same regardless of weather
How do endothems adapt?
Fat layers, fur, and feathers
Shivering Muscles
Hibernation
Ectotherms
• Ectotherms are animals that warm their bodies by absorbing heat from their surroundings.– We call these animals cold-blooded– Body temperature fluctuates with
changes in the surrounding temperature.
Maintenance of constant internal conditions in the face of a varying external environment
Endotherms Ectotherms
animals that warm their bodies mainly from their own metabolism
Warm-blooded
Body temp the same regardless of weather
How do endothems adapt?
Fat layers, fur, and feathers
Shivering Muscles
Hibernation
animals that warm their bodies by absorbing heat from their surroundings
Cold-blooded Body Temp
changes with weather
How do ectotherms adapt?• Most marine fish and
invertebrates, however, live in water that stays the same temperature.
• When the weather is warm, they become active. They slow down when the temperature drops.– To warm up, reptiles find sunny
places, and stretch out for maximum exposure. If it gets too warm, lizards alternate between sun and shade.
– Amphibians warm up by moving into the sun or diving into warm water. They cool off by entering the shade.
Maintenance of constant internal conditions in the face of a varying external environment
Endotherms Ectotherms
animals that warm their bodies mainly from their own metabolism
Warm-blooded
Body temp the same regardless of weather
How do endothems adapt?
Fat layers, fur, and feathers
Shivering Muscles
Hibernation
animals that warm their bodies by absorbing heat from their surroundings
Cold-blooded Body Temp
changes with weather
How do ectotherms adapt?
weather is warm, they become active. They slow down when the temperature drops.
warm up by moving into the sun or diving into warm water
cool off by entering the shade
Example of Adaptation
• The shape of an animal’s teeth is related to its diet. – Herbivores, such as
deer, have many molars for chewing tough grass and plants.
– Carnivores, such as lions, have sharp canines to kill and tear meat.
Who experiences adaptations?
• All species have experienced adaptation and will continue to slowly adapt as the next generations are born.
• We will identify certain species from each of these groups and the reasons for their success:– Mammals– Birds– Reptiles– Amphibians
Mammals
• Endothermic or warm-blooded• All have some type
of “hair”– Some are very
specialized, such as white polar bear fur
• Method of locomotion
• Care for young
Birds
• Leg Length – Roseate Spoonbill
(top right)
• Foot Webbing – Laughing Gull
(top left)
• Beak Shape– Long Billed Curlew
(bottom)
Reptiles
• Ectothermic or cold- blooded
• Scales• Some undergo
hibernation and estivation
• Lay eggs on land• Leg structure and
position
Amphibians
• Ectothermic• Lay eggs in water• Partially of fully
webbed feet• Have lungs or can
absorb oxygen through their skin
Animal Defense• Some animals use
these methods of defense to protect themselves:– Camouflage
• Snake
– Mimicry• Mexican Milk Snake
– Bright colors• Skunk and Poison Arrow
Frog
– “Hair” projections• Hedgehog quills• Deer Antlers
Adaptation Applications: Lions• Why are the eyes of
a lion set in front of the head rather than on the sides?
• Answer: Eyes in front of the head allow for depth perception and ability to judge distances when hunting.
Adaptation Applications: Lions
• What is the purpose of the mane on a male lion? What is the reason for the lion’s color?
• A thick mane helps the male to appear larger and serves as protection for the throat. The tawny brown coat color camouflages the animal and young among vegetation.
Adaptation Applications: Giraffe
• Why are giraffes able to go for long periods of time without water?
• Answer: Giraffes drink water when available, but can go weeks without it. They rely on morning dew and the water content of their food.
Adaptation Applications: Giraffe
• How are their long necks adapted to their lifestyle?
• Answer: This extra length is thought to have evolved to help the giraffe spot predators and other giraffes in the distance. Interestingly, giraffes and humans have the same number of vertebrate in their necks.
Adaptation Applications: Zebras
• How do zebras defend themselves?
• Capable of running up to 40 mph. Zebras defend themselves by kicking and biting. Coloration also plays a role in evading predators, although theories have not reached an agreement.
Resources• This PowerPoint is partially adapted from Ms.
Weinberg. The original PowerPoint can be viewed at– http://www.quia.com/files/quia/users/amiew/Ani
mal-Adaptations-PPT• It is also partially adapted from an animal
adaptation powerpoint created by City of Corpus Christi Museum of Science and History the original can be viewed at – http://
www.ccmuseumedres.com/Animal%20Adaptations.ppt
• http://science.jrank.org/pages/6750/Temperature-Regulation-Internally-heated-animals.html
• http://science.jrank.org/pages/6749/Temperature-Regulation-Externally-heated-animals.html