WASHINGTON D.C., NAIROBI– –Wildlife policy changes proposed in both the U.S.and Kenya––and backed by much of the samemoney––threaten to replace the principle of protect-ing rare species with the notion that even endan-gered wildlife should “pay for itself” by being hunt-ed or captured alive for sale.

The proposed amendments represent suchan extreme interpretation of the “sustainable use”philosophy advanced since 1936 by the NationalWildlife Federation and since 1961 by the WorldWildlife Fund that even WWF endangered speciesprogram director Susan Lieberman was quick todenounced the U.S. versions.

“Money doesn’t always mean conserva-tion,” Lieberman told Washington Post staff writerShankar Vedantam. “To me, the theme is allowingindustry to write the rules.”

“The George W. Bush administration isproposing far-reaching changes to conservationpolicies that would allow hunters, circuses and thepet industry to kill, capture and import animals onthe brink of extinction in other countries,”Vedantam warned on October 11, 2003––less thana week before the public comment period was toexpire on the first of a series of pending amend-ments to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service regula-tions for enforcing the Endangered Species Act.

Together, the amendments would “open

the door for American trophy hunters to kill theendangered straight-horned markhor in Pakistan,license the pet industry to import the blue frontedAmazon parrot from Argentina, permit the captureof endangered Asian elephants for U.S. circusesand zoos, and partially resume the trade in Africanivory,” Vedantam revealed.

“This will mean it will be possible toshoot any endangered animal and just say themoney goes to conservation,” wild chimpanzeeresearcher Jane Goodall told the WildlifeConservation Expo in Los Altos Hills, California.“It stinks, quite honestly.”

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service assistantdirector for international affairs Kenneth Stansell“said there has been a growing realization that theESA provides poor countries no incentive to protect

L O N D O N––Wild African lionshave been hunted to the brink of extinction,warn researchers Laurence Frank of theUniversity of California and David Macdonaldof the Oxford University Wildlife Conserv-ation Research Unit.

Frank, writing in the September 18edition of New Scientist, has investigatedAfrican lions, hyenas, and other large preda-tors in Kenya for more than 20 years.Macdonald, editor of the Encyclopedia ofMammals, directed a recent five-year study oflion conservation in Zimbabwe and Botswana.

The wild African lion population hasfallen from 230,000 to 23,000 in under 20years, said Frank. Cheetahs have fallen to15,000 and wild dogs to 5,500 over the sametime, but were far fewer to begin with.

All are in trouble, Frank explained,but lions are declining the most rapidly, as themost dangerous of the large African predatorsand the species most coveted for a trophy.

“People know about elephants,gorillas, and rhinos,” Frank told Robert Uhligof the Daily Telegraph, “but they seem bliss-fully unaware that these large carnivores arenearing the brink. People have always killedpredators,” for defense of lives and property,and for status, “but there is only so muchdamage you can do with spears and shields.Now everyone has rifles and poison. Theproblem is not so much that predators kill peo-

ple,” Frank continued, “but that they kill live-stock. Bullets and poison are always cheaperthan good husbandry,” while selling the rightto kill a so-called problem lion can become awindfall for whoever brokers the deal.

Macdonald, lecturing at the Zoolog-ical Society of London three weeks later,strongly reinforced Frank’s message with hisown findings and those of associates.

“Of the adult males his team taggedor collared,” summarized BBC News Onlineenvironment correspondent Alex Kirby, “63%were shot by hunters. The resulting low densi-ty of male lions is exascerbated by the hunters’habit of shooting juvenile males when theyfind no mature adults. This means malesmove widely, and may have ranges aboutthree times the size of a lioness’s range. So itis likelier they will leave the protection of apark and move into hunting areas.”

Macdonald et al found that there areabout 42 male lions within their Zimbabweresearch area, but the hunting quota for theregion from 1998 to 2000 was set at 63 lions.

“This unprecedented decline of lionsis devastating!” commented Youth forConservation cofounder Josphat Ngonyo. “InKenya we are battling to keep ours alive.”

Ngonyo was able to confirm the badnews, however, from direct observation.

“Nairobi Park has lost 47 lions since

WASHINGTON D.C.––The U.S.Fish & Wildlife Service on September 17,2003 agreed to withdraw all permits allowingstate and federal agencies to kill mute swans,settling a lawsuit brought by the Fund forAnimals.

The settlement agreement alsorequires the Fish & Wildlife Service to with-draw the Environmental Assessment andFinding of No Significant Impact that endorsedkilling mute swans in 17 states.

“It began with an ill-conceived per-mit to kill mute swans in Maryland’sChesapeake Bay, but now the outcome hasnational implications for tens of thousands ofthese graceful and majestic birds,” Fund forAnimals president Michael Markarian said.“The federal government has pulled the plugon Governor Robert Ehrlich’s attempt to bowdown to Maryland’s corporate polluters andthe massive factory farms––the real causes ofdamage to Chesapeake Bay––and to turndefenseless swans into corporate patsies.”

The Ehrlich administration in July2003 proposed opening a hunting season onmute swans, which would require U.S. Fish &Wildlife Service approval. Meanwhile, char-acterizing the allegedly non-native mute swansas a threat to the ecological integrity ofChesapeake Bay, Maryland obtained U.S.Fish & Wildlife Service permission to kill upto 3,000 mute swans during the next 10 years.That authorization is now revoked.

“As U.S. District Judge EmmettSullivan pointed out in granting a preliminaryinjunction to block the killing of hundreds of

mute swans in Maryland,” Markarian contin-ued, “the state’s own experts have character-ized the bay-wide impact of mute swans asnegligible.”

Mute swans have also long beenblamed for allegedly displacing trumpeterswans from parts of their range. The Fund forAnimals and the Biodiversity Legal Found-ation have contended in a series of lawsuits inrecent years that the real problem is failure toadequately protect trumpeter swans from beingkilled accidentally by tundra swan hunters,especially in the Yellowstone region.

“In 1978, at a Trumpeter SwanSociety conference held in Anchorage,Alaska,” recalls mute swan defender KathrynBurton, of Old Lyme, Connecticut, ”a planwas begun to supplant the mute swan in thewild with trumpeter swans, coast to coast,”including the introduction of trumpeter swansto “areas far outside its historic range.Trumpeter swans were never further east thanWisconsin in modern times, certainly never inNew England or Pennsylvania,” according tothe conferees’ own published proceedings.

“Within a short time,” Burton con-tinues, “park staff were breaking the necks ofmute swans at Yosemite,” waterfowlers wereencouraged to shoot mute swans nearby, andan effort was also begun to extirpate muteswans from Yellowstone.

“Note,” says Burton, “that trum-peters were introduced to Yellowstone. Muteswans arrived there naturally.” Participants inthe “war on mute swans” (declared in so many

(continued on page 13)

Wild lions hunted to the verge of extinction

(continued on page 9)

ANIMAL(continued on page 16)

Bush policy & bushmeat

Sleeping lion at Tsavo National Park, Kenya. (Kim Bartlett)

News For People Who Care About Animals October 2003 Volume XII, #8

B E I J I N G––What Beijingdog and cat rescuers need most may bePETsMART and a coordinated masterplan like those required of U.S. humanecoalitions before they can apply for aMaddie’s Fund grant.

The U.S.-based PETsMARTanimal supply store chain does not yetdo business in China, despite persistentrumors that executives are looking inthat direction, and Maddie’s Fund doesnot fund projects outside the U.S.

Just a few well-located adop-tion centers like the PETsMART Luv-A-Pet adoption boutiques, however,could rehome almost every animal nowentering the four major Beijing shelters.Even if each adoption center placeddogs and cats at just a fraction of thetypical U.S. volume, the cumulativeeffect would be to undercut the petbreeding industry before it becomes bigenough to produce a greater surplus.

A Maddie’s Fund-like incen-

tive, meanwhile, might encourage theBeijing shelters to cooperate to maxi-mize their strengths and opportunities.

Among them, the ChinaSmall Animal Protection Associationhas the only centrally located shelter. Itis relatively small, but could serve asthe primary collection point for lost ani-mals, rescued animals, and animalssurrendered by the public.

From there, the animalscould be relayed for long-term care andrehabilitation, if necessary, to the out-lying facilities of the Beijing Human &Animal Environmental EducationCenter, the Animal Rescue Branch ofthe Environmental Protection Assoc-iation, or the Association for SmallAnimal Protection. Each could thenfurnish pets to the adoption centers.

Beijing is big enough to needall of them, and to support them allwhen they develop more fundraising

Four shelters serve Beijing

Guest columnists:SUNNAN KUM ON SOUTH KOREA (Page 5)

CHRIS MERCER ON SOUTH AFRICA (Page 6)PETER LI ON FAST-CHANGING CHINA (Page 8)

(continued on page 18)

PEOPLEWhite Pekinese are the most common dogs in Beijing shelters. (Kim Bartlett)

Squirrel monkeys. (Bonny Shah)

Mute swan defenders maketheir voices heard in court

August, 2003Dear Partner,

Unless it’s happened to you, you can’t IMAGINE how devastatedLacey was when someone kicked her out of a car in the middle of nowhere.

When I first meet an abandoned dog in the wilderness, she is so fright-ened at all that’s happened to her in a few short hours, that she bolts for coverwhen she sees me.

So many times I’ve made impossible rescues of animals who didn’t co-operate in the least . . . because of their shattered trust in humans.

And then, once she is back at our Supershelter and I feed her, hug her .. . and talk to her . . . sometimes the most skittish of animals settles into my lap. . . and even kisses me.

I’m amazed at the irony. This lap-dog is usually the one who drove m einsane in the field, whose rescue was an obsession for days or weeks .. . the one for whom I told my wife over and over, “I’m going after her again.”These are the truly sensitive ones, who feel everything.

Lacey is like this. Whatever happened to this old dog, nobody knows .. . except that she was skin and bones 7 months ago, when she was dumped inthe mountains heading out of Los Angeles.

I couldn’t get to Lacey for so long because she didn’t show up to eatregularly. Maybe she was trying to find her way back home but she kept hik-ing in circles instead . . . ending up back at our feeding spot.

I just can’t help piecing it together . . . whoever Lacey lived with, I’msure it wasn’t that person who tossed her out.

Maybe a kind old widow loved Lacey since she was a puppy. Andwhen the lady died, a grandson inherited some money and “the dog.”

And once the check is cashed, out goes poor Lacey! (I’ve heard thisone before, many times.)

So after nearly a lifetime of being secure, safe, and loved . . . Lacey'sheart breaks one morning when she can’t find her human parent.

Then that afternoon Lacey is taken from everything she knows, every-thing familiar, and she’s tied up on a rope outside a strange-smelling apartmentbuilding . . .

. . . and later that night someone lifts Lacey into a truck and she goes fora ride, at a time when she’s usually sleeping on her widow’s bed.

Higher and higher the truck ascends the steep highway at 20 miles anhour as it curves into the desolate mountains at the 4,000 foot level. Then itcomes to a stop, Lacey is pulled out, the driver runs back around the otherside, jumps back in, and slams the door fast.

Then he leaves a black cloud of diesel exhaust on the road, and dirt inLacey’s face, as he speeds off . . . forever rid of “the dog.”

Hours after I took Lacey to our Supershelter hospital, my wife c a m eout of our Observation Room and said, “She’s a great dog. She’s reallyhappy to be here. She puts her head in your lap and gives you her paw.Are you sure she was so hard to rescue?”

All I can do is chuckle at the irony, and thank people like you whomake all this possible. Without you, Lacey’s story would be a tragedy.

For the animals,

D.E.L.T.A. RescuePO Box 9, Dept AP, Glendale, CA 91209

Leo Grillo, founderLe

Attention: Rescuers and SheltersBuild your own inexpensive straw bale dog house for your pets’ maximum protection, comfort and fun!

That’s why we now build the deluxe “stucco” version. Our mate-rials cost for this stucco version is about $400, while you can put upthe simple building for under $150. Good news! We put all thebuilding instructions for both versions on video tape for anyone touse, or copy in its entirety. And it’s FREE! To help us help preciousanimals, besides our own 859 dogs and 552 cats, please get thisvideo today and pass it around!

Our dogs love to play on the straw ...before, during and after construction!

Newly finished “deluxe” stucco version, which will last 100 years or more!

Simple straw house, 4x6 foot interior,10 x10 foot rooftop play area, and steps!

Our dogs climb their steps and play on topand inside their houses. They have a ball!

One village at D.E.L.T.A. Rescue. Twodogs per yard, and a deluxe house for both!

We spent a year making this video tape.Now, for the sake of cold, unsheltered dogseverywhere, we are offering it to anyonefor free. To pay for duplication and postage,we are asking for a $6 donation per tape, butonly if you can afford it! And we can send thetape to anyone you want. Or you can get one,copy it yourself, then give it to friends.

Write today to get your free video, and thenbuild a house your dog will truly love andenjoy. Send to: D.E.L.T.A. Rescue, P.O. Box 9, Glendale, CA 91209.Or call us at 661-269-4010 and get it faster!

Here at D.E.L.T.A. Rescue, we invented a better housing systemfor our more than 859 dogs. Using 25 common bales of straw, andthree sheets of plywood, two people can build a straw bale dog housein under 10 minutes! This is the same simple structure that withstoodour terrible El Nino rains in 1998. The simple straw design can last20 years, but because we are a permanent sanctuary, our housesmust last longer.

Seeing what is wonderful through the darknessThis edition of ANIMAL PEOPLE is three weeks late because we have just spent

26 out of 40 days on the road in China and South Africa, gathering so much information thatfully reporting our findings will take months.

We flew first to Beijing, where we explored the increasingly positive attitudestoward animals in the national capital of the world’s most populous nation.

We obtained perspectives on wildlife and natural habitat by visiting the BeijingRaptor Rescue Center, the Natural History Museum, the Chinese Ethnic Culture Park (whichis among the major Beijing urban green spaces), and the Great Wall, surrounded since ancienttimes by a semi-protected national forest.

Background about dog and cat issues came from visiting the intensely motivatedAnimal Rescue Branch of the Environmental Protection Association, the offices and shelter ofthe enterprising Association of Small Animal Protection (with whom we collaborated torehome a kitten), and the Beijing Man & Animal Environmental Education Centre, whoseshelter in the former officers’ quarters of a decommissioned air force base is among the best-managed and most attractive we have ever seen.

Alerted by colleagues within the official Chinese news media, introduced to us byARB founder Wu Tianyu, we sat up late one night working the Internet to relay informationabout a dog massacre that was understood to be impending in Henan province, as result of arabies outbreak, and to share expertise about stopping rabies through vaccination. We pointedout the absurdity of an exemption reportedly given to dog meat farmers, and the possibilitythat the massacre was really meant to suppress petkeeping, lest growing sympathy for dogstends to undercut the dog meat trade.

No one seemed to favor the killing in lieu of vaccination, when questioned.Eventually the Henan authorities denied that a dog massacre had actually been planned.

We also visited the Beijing Agricultural University veterinary school; Lu Di, thefounder of the China Small Animal Protection Association; and Gongdelin, a Buddhist vege-tarian restaurant that is globally noted for such offerings as “Roasted Vegetarian Hedgehog.”

From Beijing we flew to Chengdu to catch up on progress at the China Bear RescueCenter, operated by the Animals Asia Foundation. The Chengdu facility houses more than 10times as many bears as the prototype we visited at Panyu in late 2000, and is eventually tohold five times more bears than now. The prototype, built by the International Fund forAnimal Welfare, has since been returned to IFAW.

Meeting us at the Chengdu airport and sharing a ride out to the China Bear RescueCenter were Geeta Seshamani and Kartick Satyanarayan, cofounders of the Wildlife SOS bearsanctuary in India. That project was still just a dream when we previously met them, in 1997.Today it is among the best-regarded bear sanctuaries in the world.

Seshamani and Satyanarayan also joined us in a side trip to the Chengdu ResearchBase of Giant Panda Breeding. Designed with technical advice from the San Diego Zoo andWild Animal Park, it exhibits only giant pandas, red pandas, rare native birds, and water-fowl. A stocked fishing pond was the only reminder that Chinese zoos often fall short of U.S.standards––and fishing ponds were common at U.S. zoos too just a generation ago.

Like ANIMAL PEOPLE, Seshamani and Satyanarayan took the opportunity to dorelevant research on their way to the Asia for Animals conference in Hong Kong.

Postponed from May due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome panic thatbriefly closed even the notorious live wildlife markets of Guangdong province, the Asia forAnimals conference was cohosted by the Animals Asia Foundation and the Hong Kong SPCA.

ANIMAL PEOPLE, the Best Friends Animal Society, and the InternationalDivision of the North Shore Animal League America were among the cosponsors.

Animals Asia Foundation founder Jill Robinson delivered her usual rousing speech-es. ANIMAL PEOPLE publisher Kim Bartlett moderated an intensive panel on zoonotic dis-ease prevention. McKee Project veterinarian Gerardo Vicente, of Costa Rica, sponsored byANIMAL PEOPLE on a speaking tour of Hong Kong and India, explained the “No-kill, noshelters” approach to animal control.

The real stars, however, were Asians helping Asians to recognize and put to worktheir own insights and expertise. Blue Cross of India founder Chinny Krishna detailed the suc-cess of the Animal Birth Control programs in many Indian cities, nearly 40 years after he firstproposed them. Hong Kong SPCA president Lisa Tsui explained that vegetarianism is impera-tive for animal advocates because moral authority comes from visibly living one’s convictions.Sunan Kum of South Korea and Nina Hontiveros Lichauco of the Philippines described theirlong struggles to educate their nations away from eating dogs and cats.

Horror stories were told, and were at times gruesomely illustrated with slides ofrabies victims taken by Hong Kong SPCA chief surgeon Hugh Stanley, dog butchery in Chinaphotographed by Asian Animal Protection Network founder John Wedderburn, M.D., andfactory farming, presented by Compassion In World Farming director Joyce D’Silva.

Yet attitudes of hope and empowerment prevailed. Planned Pethood Plus founderJeff Young, a veteran of U.S. and European conferences, contrasted the “griping and com-plaining we always hear from rescuers and shelter people about how we don’t have this, wedon’t have that, and nobody cares, with this guy who spoke this morning,” who wasCompassionate Crusaders Trust founder Debasis Chakrabarti. “He comes from Calcutta, oneof the poorest cities in the world,” Young continued, “but he never stops smiling. I look athim, and what he’s doing with his people, and can’t help but feel inspired. We came to teachyou,” Young said, “but what I’m finding out is, we have a lot more to learn from you.”

Humane educationWe were barely home before it was time to leave again to attend the All-Africa

Humane Education Summit in Cape Town, prefaced by a brief visit to the Helderberg NatureReserve on the city outskirts; three days at the Kalahari Raptor Center, far to the north; and atwo-day drive with KRC cofounder Chris Mercer back to Cape Town through the Kalahari andKaroo deserts. Just south of Springbok we rescued a tortoise whose lower carapace had beencracked by a car. The tortoise is now recovering with Stephanie Woolf at the WildlifeRehabilitation Center in Somerset West.

The WRC facilities are still under construction on land donated by Pat O’Neill, whohas gradually transformed the renowned Broadlands equine stud farm next door into a wildliferescue center recently incorporated as the Kalu Animal Trust.

O’Neill invited us to lunch. In her twenties, she recalled, she lived in Kenya, nearJoy Adamson. About two years before Adamson rehabilitated and released the lionness Elsa,about whom she authored Born Free, O’Neill successfully released a lionness named Tana.

Nearly 70 animal advocates from 19 African nations met in Cape Town, most ofthem previously unacquainted and many attending their first-ever conference. HumaneEducation Trust founder and Compassion In World Farming regional representative Louisevan der Merwe exhausted all funds available to her in order to pay for the air fare, meals, andlodging of participants from economically disadvantaged nations.

Beyond facilitating introductions, the All-Africa Humane Education Summit washeld to introduce the new South African national humane education curriculum, to be taughtin all South African schools beginning in 2004, with the dual aim of improving animal wel-fare and reducing domestic violence. Recognition of the need for humane education fulfillsone of van der Merwe’s most cherished ambitions, and is a first in Africa, if not the world.

The summit was also meant to share the curriculum concept (the materials are still indevelopment) with the rest of Africa.

Declared UNESCO Project Officer Ben Boys in an opening day address, “I believethat global sustainable development cannot be achieved without justice and peaceful co-opera-tion…Humane education encourages compassion and respect for people, animals, and theenvironment...Thus, it is the basis for respect and understanding for other human beings andall life. Cruelty to animals is definitely not part of sustainable development.”

Boys did not just speak and leave. Carefully listening much more than talking, Boysparticipated in every possible workshop during the next two days.

M.H. Nthaga, of the Botswana ministry of economic and industrial development,considered attending the conference such an urgent priority that when his superiors refused tosend him, he took vacation time and attended anyway.

Sorghum farmer Mustafa Bakrawi of Sudan managed to attend even though Sudanhas no diplomatic relations with South Africa. Obtaining a visa through the assistance of theHomeless Animal Protection Society of Ethiopia, whose three cofounders all attended,Bakrawi arrived with a mandate from the Sudan government to introduce himself to as manySouth African officials as possible, toward helping to facilitate diplomatic recognition.

Youth for Conservation founder Josphat Ngonyo, of Kenya, rose from the floor atthe first question period to distinguish between animal exploitation and authentic sustainabledevelopment. He drew some of the strongest applause of the day.

Later Ngonyo, Mercer, and others organized an informal Pan-African network torespond to animal exploitation in the name of development. Bakrawi and Vegetarian Societyof Uganda cofounder Dr. Wabbi Leonard joined ANIMAL PEOPLE in expressing theirviews about trophy hunting as the new colonialism to the Gulf News, the leading Englishnewspaper serving the United Arab Emirates––a major source of hunters who visit Africa.

Unfortunately, as Bakrawi and Leonard borrowed the ANIMAL PEOPLE laptop atthe guest house where we all stayed, Zimbabwean activist Bigboy Musemwa, 28, reportedlybecame intoxicated at another of the three guest houses that hosted conference delegates.Annoyed that other participants did not share his enthusiasm for Zimbabwean president RobertMugabe, whose supporters have caused enormous animal suffering while seizing farms andwildlife parks for land redistribution, Musemwa apparently shouted praise of Mugabe until hewas asked to leave the guest house bar. He fell and broke his jaw after he was escorted out;wandered across the street in search of the delegates he had been arguing with; and when notadmitted to their rooms, smashed numerous windows with an iron table.

Louise van de Merwe is likely to be held financially responsible for the damage.The episode, at a glance, could scarcely be a worse advertisement for humane edu-

cation. Yet it demonstrated the need for humane education to counter the violent role modelsprovided by the Zimbabwean “war veterans,” most of whom are too young to have actuallyfought in the 1965-1987 insurgency that toppled the apartheid regime of the former Rhodesia.

None of the other delegates in any manner broke decorum. “To compare Africa’s problems to Asia’s, very superficially,” concluded Kim in a

note to political scientist Peter Li, an Asia for Animals keynote speaker, “there is a similarityin the Congo region to south China, in that they eat every kind of wild animal, and wildlife isdisappearing fast. Animal agriculture is industrialized in the wealthy countries. Dogs areeaten in isolated regions, and are killed in the rituals of voodoo and similar religions in theformer slave-trading nations of western Africa. These rituals go uncriticized by the politicallycorrect because they are ‘culture,’ even though their whole purpose is to do evil to others or togain power over them. Dogs are beloved among many tribal Africans, however,” as the tradi-tional first defense of herders and villagers against lions, leopards, hyenas, and many of theother hazards of life on the veldt.

For ANIMAL PEOPLE artist Wolf Clifton, who celebrated his 13th birthday atAsia for Animals, the highlight of the South Africa trip was the opportunity to befriend twoorphaned jackal puppies, Bonnie the bat-eared fox, and a fearless troupe of meerkats at KRC.

Merritt learned that though abandoned dens of aardvarks are easily found, aardvarksthemselves are so extremely nocturnal and change dens so often that even many locals havenever seen one. Intensively studying former dens and tracks for two days, he identified sever-al places where active dens might be, hidden under brush, and rose at 2:30 one morning toseek an aardvark in earnest. An hour later he came upon an aardvark at the second of the sites.

“He was making so much noise as he snuffled up truffles that I was able to stalkwithin 20 feet of him,” Merritt e-mailed to friends. “There I stopped, as he turned toward me,and held completely still. He snuffled to within touching distance before he sniffed my sneak-ers, gave a squeal-grunt, and ran away. He looked like a longnosed, long-eared pig from infront, but more like a bear from behind. I could easily see why the locals call them ‘antbears.’

“Before leaving, I bent down and marked my exact location in the dirt, and wrote‘Ant Bear.’ Then I verified the sighting from the tracks the following day.

“Sometimes it takes some effort to see what’s wonderful through the darkness, but itwas definitely worth it.”

ANIMAL PEOPLENews for People Who Care About Animals

Publisher: Kim BartlettEditor: Merritt CliftonWeb site manager: Patrice GreanvilleNewswire monitor: Cathy Young CzaplaPOB 960Clinton, WA 98236-0960ISSN 1071-0035. Federal I.D: 14-175 2216Telephone: 360-579-2505. Fax: 360-579-2575.E-mail: anmlpepl@whidbey.comWeb: www.animalpeoplenews.org

Copyright 2003 for the authors, artists, and photographers.Reprint inquiries are welcome.

ANIMAL PEOPLE: News for People Who Care About Animals is published10 times annually by Animal People, Inc., a nonprofit, charitable corporation dedicated toexposing the existence of cruelty to animals and to informing and educating the public ofthe need to prevent and eliminate such cruelty.

Subscriptions are $24.00 per year; $38.00/two years; $50/three years. ANIMAL PEOPLE is mailed under Bulk Rate Permit #2 from Clinton,

Washington, and Bulk Rate Permit #408, from Everett, Washington.Executive subscriptions, mailed first class, are $40.00 per year or $70/two years.

The base rate for display advertising is $8.50 per square inch of page space.Please inquire about our substantial multiple insertion discounts.

The editors prefer to receive queries in advance of article submissions; unsolicit-ed manuscripts will be considered for use, but will not be returned unless accompanied bya stamped, self-addressed envelope of suitable size. We do not publish fiction or poetry.

A N I M A L PEOP LE, Oc tober 2003 - 3

SEARCHABLE ARCHIVES: www.animalpeoplenews.orgKey articles now available en Español et en Français!

Editorial

Mobile clinicsOur county animal control

agency is thinking about buying amobile sterilization clinic, but wehave heard that other locales haveabandoned such projects.

Do you have any informa-tion about this?

––Catherine E. Boyett, DVMEstero, Florida

The Editor replies:After more than a dozen

years of using mobile clinics to facili -tate dog and cat sterilization in com -munities with limited access to veteri -nary services, many pioneers of theapproach are rethinking it.

Arnold Brown, DVM, ofTrumbull, Connecticut, was amongthe first dog-and-cat vets in the U.S.to use a mobile clinic. As early as1992, however, Brown observed toANIMAL PEOPLE that having vol -unteer shuttle drivers bring feral catsto his fixed-location clinic is muchmore cost-efficient than taking themobile clinic to the cats.

Spay/Neuter All Pets, start -ed in 1994 by Sean Hawkins, has afixed-site clinic in Houston, mobileclinics in Houston and San Antonio,a mobile clinic serving NativeAmerican communities, and a mobileclinic in Mexico. The fixed-site clinicdoes more sterilizations by itself thanany three of the four mobile clinics,even though the mobile clinics per -form at high levels.

Jeff Young, DVM, ofPlanned Pethood Plus in Denver, adecade ago became the first vet tosterilize more than 5,000 animals ina year using a mobile unit. ThenYoung realized that he could becomeeven more efficient if instead of usinghis mobile unit as a surgical theatre,he used it to haul surgical suppliesplus a portable field hospital, whichhe can set up within minutes.

“I can work anywhere witha roof, water, and electricity,”Young told ANIMAL PEOPLE. “Ican set up a tent and use my owngenerator and pump if I have to.Even then, it is more efficient to usemy van for hauling. In the field,resupply is often a bigger problemthan finding a place to improvise asurgical theatre, and the best wayaround it is bringing more supplies.”

In April 1993 ANIMAL PEOPLE brought the attention of theworld to the prolonged cramped confinement of the pregnant mareswhose urine is collected to make the hormone drug Premarin. Youexposed as well the sale to slaughter of most of their offspring.

In September 2003 you reported about the momentous decisionof the U.S. National Institutes of Health to end studies of the Premarin-based drug Prempro, due to an increased incidence of life-threateningdiseases among participating women.

While we commend the NIH for their decisive and timelyaction, we are concerned that Wyeth Pharmaceuticals continues to mar-ket a drug that is linked to health hazards such as breast cancer, heartdisease, blood clots, strokes, ovarian cancer, and dementia.

I t was reported in October 2002 that Wyeth launched itsPremarin brands, Premelle and Premelle Cycle, in India. The impact ofthis campaign remains to be seen.

While sales have dropped in North America, Prempro andrelated products continue to be prescribed by physicians.

The Women’s Health and Ethics Coalition has formed to bringfurther attention to the health, humane, and environmental concerns sur-rounding the use of Prempro and Premarin, and to ask g o v e r n m e n t a lagencies and the medical community to initiate an end to the manufac-ture and export of Premarin and its related products—on the grounds thatcontinued production of these drugs is damaging to human consumers,the environment, and horses.

We welcome alliances with organizations and concerned indi-viduals from around the world.

––Sinikka Crosland, R.N. (Retired) andRay Kellosalmi, BSc., M.D., L.M.C.C.

Women’s Health and Ethics Coalition3430 Turnbull Road

Westbank, B.C.V4T 1W3

CanadaPhone: 250-768-4803

<whec@stoppremarin.org>

His mother waskilled.

His familydestroyed.

Then came thelong terrible

journey trappedalone in a darkbox... and he wasonly a few weeks

old.It is too difficult

to comprehend their suffering.For the fortunate few who survive, they findcompassion and hope at Primarily Primates.

Please give to help us save these special beings.

4 - ANIMAL P EOPLE, October 2003

Wyeth takes Premarin to India

A while back I asked foryour advice about finding an appro-priate home for two large Burmesepythons. You advised networkingthrough local herpetological soci-eties, and guess what? It worked!!Our veterinarian friend contactedthe Seattle Herp Society, and theyhooked her up with a private reptilerescuer who took both. Our veteri-narian delivered the snakes in per-son, and seemed to be impressedwith the individual and his knowl-edge of reptiles. Evidently his res-c u e operation is not yet 501(c)(3),but he is thinking about it.

Thanks once again foryour expert advice. In this case, ithelped to facilitate a good result ina very difficult and potentially trag-ic situation. You’re a treasure!

––Marilee MeyerSeattle, Washington

<machines@interisland.net>

Thanks for the goodwords. Very few herpetologicalrescuers have 501(c)(3) statusbecause practically nobody donatesto help snakes. These folks usuallyfund their rescue operations strictlyout of their own pockets.

LETTERS

Burmese pythons

––Wolf Clifton

Chimp rescueThank you for “Chimp

sanctuaries save evidence of humanorigin,” in your July/August edition.

The last sentence, explain-ing that Bala Amarasekaran and theTacugama Chimp Sanctuary sur-vived in Liberia because the sanctu-ary was “viewed as an authenticallyvaluable community institution,” isthe crunch: without local backing,we are wasting our time.

With this in mind we inGambia are becoming more andmore involved in peripheral workwhich might seem to have no bearingon the chimp project. For example,we now operate a small medical clin-ic. We provide assistance withschooling, including financial aid forthe students and for maintaining theschool building with volunteer staff.Currently there are only two teachersfor 300+ kids. We also help to lookafter draft animals (for which pur-pose the Gambian Horse & DonkeyTrust is now up and running). Weare emphasizing the entrepreneurialopportunities arising from a visitorcamp, including for suppliers offresh food from local sources.

These activities are under-taken because we recognise thatunless the community sees thechimps as a stimulus to improvedhuman welfare, the chimps and pos-sibly the national park have nolongterm future.

The fact that some of ourstaff have been with us for almost 30years indicates the kind of relation-ships we are building, but it isalways difficult. A group from oneof “our” villages recently hired ahunter to shoot a hippo who wasdamaging a rice field. We nowemploy men to stay in the rice fieldsall night to scare the hippos away.But we are fairly sure that it was notjust a case of the villagers wanting toprotect their rice. Hippo meat hasfinancial value, and this was anexcuse to shoot the hippo so as to beable to sell the meat.

Obviously we still have topush the message that if there are nohippos and other wildlife to see,there will be no visitors, and no visi-tor-related employment.

––David MarsdenChimpanzee Rehabilitation Trust

Gambia [Contact c/o 6 Highmoor Cross

Henley-on-Thames Oxon RG9 5DP United Kingdom

Phone: 44-0-1242-675720<David@jdmar.freeserve.co.uk>

We’re launching a vote forVegetarian Restaurants of the Yearand would appreciate if you couldhelp us get the word out. Votes forfavorite restaurants in city categoriesfrom Adelaide to Zurich can be sub-mitted online at VegDining.com untilDecember 31. Restaurant winnerswill be announced in earlyJanuary 2004.

Keep up the great work !––Dennis Bayomi

Winnipeg Vegetarian AssociationP.O. Box 2721

Winnipeg, ManitobaCanada

<info@VegDining.com><www.VegDining.com>

Vegan dog foodIn August of 2002 my dear

canine companion of 14 years, Lotus,died. To honor her memory, I donat-ed 1,000 cans of vegan dog food toher veterinarian’s practice (for themost part, Lotus had been a lifelongvegan). I arranged to buy the food atwholesale cost from a local store inexchange for the publicity that thestore would receive. The veterinarianagreed to set up a display rack in hiswaiting room, where interestedclients could read a brochure on vege-tarianism and take a free can of foodfor each dog they had. I produced thebrochure myself. It may be down-loaded at <www.Understanding-Prejudice.org/pdf/lotus.pdf>.

I would like to recommendthis idea to other readers of A n i m a lPeople. I would be happy to let oth-ers adapt the brochure for their ownpurposes.

––Scott PlousMiddletown, Connecticut

<splous@splous.mail.wesleyan.edu>

Note from RioThe Brazilian League of Animal Rights is deeply grateful for

receiving ANIMAL PEOPLE, which is of great help to us. We do ourbest to expose abusive animal experimentation and other torturousexploitation of animals. Our vice president, Mrs. Anabella Linhares, haswritten on our behalf to Korea to protest against the sale of dog meat, andto China, complaining about bear bile farming. She is a teacher, and herpupils also read ANIMAL PEOPLE, inspiring them to express their opin-ions about what should be done in Brazil to prevent cruelty to animals.

––Daisy Muniz Barreto Mandim SerraLiga Brasileira dos Direitos do Animal

Rua Barata Ribeiro 26, #80422011-000, Copacabana

Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

The long and difficult years of my advocacy for animal rightsand welfare in my country, the Philippines, have been honoured and rich-ly rewarded by the inclusion of my name and that of the Philippine AnimalWelfare Society (PAWS) in the May 2003 installment of your prestigiousand historic “Chronology of Humane Progress.”

Although you listed the reorganization of PAWS in your entryfor 1982, together with the formation by Sunnan Kum of the KoreaAnimal Welfare Society, I actually reorganized PAWS in 1986. RepublicAct 8485, which protects all animals nationwide, was passed in 1998.

ANIMAL PEOPLE got me to Hong Kong, where at the recentAsia for Animals conference I was re-charged by people I wish I could bewith every day. What those few days did for my sagging morale cannot beexpressed in words.

––Nita Hontiveros-Lichauco, PresidentPhilippine Animal Welfare Society

87 Small Horseshoe Dr.New Manilla, Quezon City 1112

The Philippines Phone: 63-2-724-6395

Fax: 63-2-724-1986<nitapaws@skyinet.net>

We would like to informyou that recently, the IsraeliSupreme Court has made a strongstatement concerning the productionof liver paste in Israel.

On August 11 the courtoutlawed the practice of force-feed-ing geese and ducks for the produc-tion of liver pâté, a practice that thejustices said was unnecessarily cruel.The Israeli animal rights groupANONYMOUS was instrumental inbringing the case before the SupremeCourt.

––Bob and Roberta Kalechofsky Jews for Animal Rights

255 Humphrey StreetMarblehead, MA 01945

<micah@micahbooks.com>

CHRONOLOGY OF HUMANE PROGRESS

Veggie dining

Foie gras banned

CORRECTIONSThe print version of the

September 2003 ANIMAL PEO-PLE editorial misstated, in summa-rizing commentary by Judaism &V e g e t a r i a n i s m author RichardSchwartz, that “The vegetarian Abeleventually murdered Cain, theherdsman favored by God.”

Actually, it was the vege-tarian Cain who eventually murderedAbel, the herdsman favored by God.

On page 20, Shiprock,New Mexico, was mentioned as“capitol of the Navajo nation.”Shiprock is the largest city in theNavajo nation, but the capitol isactually Window Rock, Arizona.

The July/August 2003 edi-tion mentioned on page 13 that theformer South Texas PrimateObservatory “became the TexasSnow Monkey Sanctuary in 1991when the Animal Protection Instituteassumed responsibility for funding it.Founding director Lou Griffin wasfired in early 1992.” API actuallytook over the sanctuary in 2001;Griffin was fired in early 2002.Related litigation continues.

Gaps in lawI hope you will take up the

matter of birds and other animals whoare nominally protected under CITESregulations but not under nationallaws. These creatures are oftenexported to countries where there areno rules governing their treatment.Parrots, lovebirds, macaws, cocka-toos, and even chimpanzees and hip-pos are brought to India, for exam-ple, by circuses and bird sellers.When there is a case of maltreatment,our forest and wild-life agency per-sonnel say that these are not protectedunder our Wildlife Protection Act, sothey cannot seize the animals or takeany other action.

Similarly there are no rec-ommendations about cage size andtheir upkeep in the Indian rules gov-erning zoos.

––Sandeep Kumar Jain Ahimsa International

C-III/3129, Vasant KunjNew Delhi 110 070, India

<jeevdaya@rediffmail.com>

HFA pig ad

ANIMAL P EOPLE, October 2003 - 5

I recently received some pho-tographs of dogs at a Korean market, coura-geously taken by Mark Lloyd of the LondonDaily Mail.

I have seen so many photographs ofabused animals before these that I already feltwearied, and thought I had virtually no morecapacity for sadness.

Once again I saw the eyes of thecaged dogs, their faces full of sadness, fearand loneliness. Yet I also saw hope from thesame eyes: hope that someone may one daybring them home and love them.

I told myself that these dogs were bynow already at peace and had finally found therelease they so deserved. I tried to console

myself with this belief, but whenever Ithought of their loving, trusting eyes, I dis-solved into tears. I felt that their images weresomehow urging me to do more for other ani-mals still living.

When human rights are abused,many countries willstrongly urge the offend-ing nation to change.

They will not interfere, however, inresponse to animal abuse, such as the practiceof eating dogs and cats. Yet the abuse of ani-mals often leads to abuse of human rights too.Every nation must help each other to root outthese evils.

Dog-eating and cat-eating by smallbut influential minorities in many Asian coun-tries has for several years now been globallycontroversial. Dog-eating in South Korea ismost widely known to the world, because theSouth Korean government refused to recognizethe issue as animal abuse, and instead tried tojustify dog-eating with the claim that dog meatis a traditional Korean food.

Because of this, many foreignersnow believe that eating dogs is an establishedKorean tradition and that all Koreans enjoyeating dog meat.

I am outraged that the dog meatindustry so distorts our history and culture,and am even more angered that some foreignmedia amplify the dog eaters’ lies.

Yes, we have dog meat eaters inKorea, but we also have many citizens whoare opposed to dog meat, and the number ofpeople opposing it is growing.

Foreign reporters and producers whoappear to side with the dog eaters are in effectdiscriminating against the huge majority of

Koreans who do not eat dogs, and especiallythose Koreans who are actively trying to pro-tect animals.

The gullibility of foreign media maybe the most frustrating obstacle we face in oureffort to establish a positive environment foranimals in Korea.

Thanks to misinformed reporting,the dog meat industry now shamelessly pro-motes dog meat to visitors as a traditionalKorean food and urges the entire world to eatit. On July 31, 2003, for example, theKorean daily newspaper Jungang Ilbo p u b-lished a photograph of German Taegundoplayers eating dog meat with smiling faces––which the Germans probably would not havedone, certainly not on camera, if they knewthat to many Koreans this was an obscenity.

Some of our ancestors did eat dogmeat, but purely to avoid starvation in timesof famine. The authentic traditional cuisine ofKorea is vegetarian, based on barley, rice,kimchi, bean sauce and seasoned vegetables.Most of our ancestors did not enjoy dog meat.On the contrary, Buddhism was the Koreanstate religon from circa 350 B.C. until theMongol invasion of 1231, and emphasizedcompassion toward animals. The traditionalKorean teaching was that one should never eatanimals who display affection.

All Koreans should have inheritedsuch kind and compassionate dispositionsfrom our ancestors, with the potential to becompassionate.

Undoubtedly, some Koreans aretoday eating dogs out of ignorance. If we cancorrect this fault, Korea shall no longer causeshame to our ancestors, as well as interna-

tional embarrassment, and our country willonce again become a nation of animal loversof whom we can all be proud.

While our sister organization,International Aid for Korean Animals, cam-paigns abroad, the Korean Animal ProtectionSociety has always worked almost entirelywithin Korea. We continue our public educa-tion and sanctuary work in Daegu and Seoul.Much of our activity parallels that of humanesocieties in other nations, for instance inform-ing the public about spaying and neutering. Arecent rapid rise in petkeeping means this workis increasingly important to prevent Koreafrom developing dog and cat overpopulation.Thanks to generous support from caring peo-ple both at home and abroad, we have alsobegun building a new sanctuary, which willdouble as an animal welfare education center.

After more than 20 years of effort toeradicate the dog and cat meat industry, wehave no illusions that it will be ended easily,or that a humane future for Korean animalscan be secured overnight. However, we darebelieve that by employing a realistic and per-sistent approach, allied with caring peoplefrom all around the world, we can one dayachieve our dream of a compassionate Korea,for both its animals and its people.

[Adapted from Sunnan Kum’saddress to the Asia for Animals conference onSeptember 4, 2003., in Hong Kong. ContactSunnan Kum c/o <kaps0127@hanafos.com>.Tax-deductible donations to KAPS may be sentc/o IAKA, P.O. Box 20600, Oakland, CA94620; 510-271-6795; fax 510-451-0643;<kkum@koreananimals.org>; <www.kore -ananimals.org>.]

Dog and cat eaters hide behind foreign media gullibility by Sunnan Kum

Bruce Eberle lawsuitI am enclosing $1,000 U.S. as my

donation to ANIMAL PEOPLE to continuethe wonderful work you are doing. The amountmay be used as you deem fit, including to meetthe costs of your defense against the legalactions brought by fundraiser Bruce Eberle.

––Chinny Krishna, Ph.D.Chennai, India

Editor’s note:Chinny Krishna made this donation

from his personal resources, not as managingtrustee of the Blue Cross of India.

We have never solicited funds fromdeveloping nations, and urged Krishna todirect this contribution instead toward theexcellent work of the Blue Cross of India and/orother Indian animal welfare organizations.

Krishna responded that it was notonly his wish but also the wish of many otherIndian animal advocates that they should assistANIMAL PEOPLE in our effort to establishthe principles outlined in our Code of Ethics forAnimal Charities and Fundraisers (published inour May 2003 edition), and that he wished tomake this gift on symbolic behalf of all of them.

ANIMAL PEOPLE has since Sept-ember 2000 repeatedly exposed the tactics andhistory of fundraiser Bruce Eberle, whose cam -paigns and the IRS Form 990 filings of the ani -mal charities he represents have consistentlyfailed to meet the ANIMAL PEOPLE s t a n -dards and have often flunked the standards ofthe Wise Giving Alliance.

The June 2003 judicially encouraged -ed settlement of a libel suit brought by Eberlerequired correction of two statements quotedand paraphrased from Wildlife Waystationfounder Martine Colette, an Eberle client,which were never presented as anyone’s posi -tion other than hers, plus two brief garbledsummaries that never actually appeared in theANIMAL PEOPLE newspaper, nor at ourweb site. ANIMAL PEOPLE had long beforecorrected and clarified all of the items at issue.

Eberle received no retractions ofmain coverage, no damages or costs, noadmission of alleged libel and tortious interfer -ence in business relationships, and no apology.

Eberle has since then filed a series ofmotions seeking injunctions against distributionof the June 2003 edition of ANIMAL PEO-PLE and accusing ANIMAL PEOPLE of con -tempt of court, for allegedly improperly dis -closing proprietary financial data about hisfundraising businesses in a table that accompa -nied our reportage of the settlement. Several ofthe Eberle motions have been dismissed by thecourt, but yet another was filed on October 6.

In addition to Wildlife Waystation,animal charities currently or recently repre -sented by Eberle include the Elephants ofAfrica Rescue Society, Exotic Cat Refuge &Wildlife Orphanage, Great Cats In Crisis,Lifesavers Wild Horse Rescue, Noah’s LostArk, Peaceful Valley Donkey Sanctuary, TigerCreek, and Tiger Haven.

BAGUIO CITY, The Philippines––Municipal trial court judge Tomas Tolete onOctober 6 sentenced convicted dog butcherEnrique Palaque, 51, of San Pedro, toserve six months in prison.

Reported Agence France-Press,“Palaque was arrested while en route toanother court hearing, where he is a defen-dant in a similar case. A lower court inManila earlier fined Palaque $54 for a simi-lar offense,” according to regional policesuperintendent Marvin Bolabola.

The Philippines banned dog slaughterin 1996, but the law was rarely enforcedbefore late 2002, after Baguio City journal-ist Freddie Farres and the anti-corruptiongroup Linis Gobyerno made the non-enforcement a public issue.

Dog butcher jailed

Twelve years after Nelson Mandelawalked to freedom, South Africa is still strug-gling to overcome the crippling legacy ofapartheid in environmental affairs.

Affirmative action appointments areintended to transform and democratize natureconservation, but the awaited transformation isslow in coming––and one of the most unfortu-nate aspects of the delay is that some of ourmost ruthless people are meanwhile exportingthe canned hunting industry, which is a legacyof apartheid, throughout Africa.

Desperately poor nations are toooften seduced by the promise of the money tobe made from hunting, demonstrated by someof the same South African entrepreneurswhose involvement in gun-running and ivoryand rhino horn poaching helped to uphold theapartheid regime by destabilizing much of theblack-ruled portion of the continent.

The apartheid regime instituted threegoals for wildlife management, each directlycontributing to the growth and profitability ofthe hunting industry, to the detriment ofalmost everyone else. These goals were:

a) Excluding the public from partic-ipation in environmental governance:

b) Exterminating predators in thename of problem animal control; and

c) Enslaving and exploiting thoseforms of wildlife which could be used as alter-native livestock by the hunting industry.

These goals were pursued behind afacade of “conservation.”

The South African nature conserva-tion establishment became, in effect, a pro-tection racket supporting the landowner ranch-er/hunters.

Five decades of cruel apartheid rulein South Africa poisoned everything, andnature conservation was no exception. Animalwelfare considerations were omitted from allaspects of wildlife management.

Our conservation regime today per-petuates the policies of one of the worst gov-ernments in modern political history.

Critical to realize is that economical-ly motivated destruction of wildlife, as exem-plified by the South African hunting industry,represents not conservation but colonialism.Organizations such as Safari Club Internation-al export U.S. dollars and colonialism toAfrica, and they import misery and bloodshedin the form of trophies.

Similar entities export similar pollu-tion from Europe and the Middle East.

Their dollars are a corrupting influ-ence, perverting conservation policies awayfrom the preservation of authentic naturalcycles, toward cruel exploitation.

The colonizers are not all richwhites. The forests of Indo Asia are looted toprocure tiger bones for the Chinese traditionalmedicine trade. The African lion is alreadybeing used for the same purpose. The fate ofthe tiger will be the fate of the African lion ifwe do not act now to stop it.

Speaking of lions, the South Africanphilosopher and author Credo Mutwa wrote:

“No one in their right mind wouldever travel to India to massacre the whiteBrahmin cattle that roam the crowded streetsof India’s cities. No one in their right mindwould travel to Siam and there murder the rarewhite elephants that we find in that country.But people come to my motherland, peoplecome to South Africa, to brutally murder lionsin the name of manliness and in the name ofsport. The sacred icons of other races and

nations in this world are respected, revered andprotected. But the icons of Africa are massa-cred with cold impunity, sometimes with theconnivance of some of Africa’s own children.

“In the past 200 years or so, thehuman race has lost much which is of impor-tance in Africa. And it continues to lose much.But what is most terrible, what is most tragic,is that it does not realize what it has lost.

“One day, in the dark valleys of thefuture, people will try to turn back, peoplewill try to investigate, to look into the past ofAfrican humankind with wide open eyes, butthey will find very little because much hasbeen obliterated.”

Jackals & caracalsFew people in South Africa know

what hideous cruelty lies behind the placing ofmeat and milk upon the supermarket shelf. Aswell as the ongoing cruelty to animals raised inunnatural conditions, we should recognize theunspeakable cruelty practiced routinely uponso-called problem wild animals, such as jack-als and caracals.

The Problem Animal ControlOrdinance of 1957 is a chilling reminder of thedays when all laws and policies were framedto protect the narrow commercial interests ofthe white livestock-farming community, at theexpense of all others.

The ordinance specifically excludesblacks. Twelve years after apartheid officiallyended, our government continues to enforce alaw which begins: “Any six persons who arenot black may form a hunt club.”

The Problem Animal Control Ordin-ance of 1957 declares war upon any species ofwildlife which affects the farming community.Whole species are arbitrarily and unscientifi-cally positioned outside the boundaries ofmoral and legal concern. Hundreds of thou-sands of animals, mostly non-target species,have been slain in the hunts that the ordinanceauthorized. Targeting bat-eared foxes, theOrangjejag hunt club alone killed about106,000 other animals, including65,415 harmless Cape foxes, 4,892equally harmless little African wildcats, and 56 brown hyenas.

In what other sector ofSouth African society would such ablatantly racist and destructive lawcontinue to be enforced? Whatkind of mentality framed such alaw? And what kind of democraticgovernment continues to enforce it?

The treatment of problemanimals by farmers, facilitated andapproved by conservation officials,involves lifting all controls on inhu-mane hunting. Leghold traps,snares, and indiscriminate poisonsare used routinely. A favoritemethod of getting animals out ofburrows is to feed barbed wire intothe hole and then twist it until thebarbs catch in the coat of thetrapped animal. The twisting con-tinues until the animal’s coat hasbeen rolled around by the barbs.Once impaled in this manner, theanimal is hauled out of the burrow,into the jaws of waiting dogs.

The public never sees thecruelty behind the euphemism of“problem animal control.”

In our whole approach toproblem animals, we are morally

depraved and environmentally delinquent.There is no such thing as a problemanimal––only problem farmers, as I can testi-fy from my own history of 11 years as a sheepfarmer who found no need to kill wildlife inorder to maintain my own profits.

Let us examine the most extremeform of trophy hunting to see how ethical illit-eracy about wildlife manifests itself.

Canned lion hunting is not an event,but a process, in which wild animals are takenout of their natural environment and bred inclose confinement like broiler chickens forslaughter. It is a process through which ourwildlife heritage is transferred out of the publicdomain into the hands of hunters for businesspurposes. It is the privatization of our nationalheritage for cruel profiteering.

Consider the <www.africancats-hounds.co.za> promotional web site. J.S.Safaris announces that it will hunt any preda-tors, large or small, with dogs. Photos show aleopard being savaged by dogs. Photos alsoshow lions who have been shot with bow andarrow, after being hunted with dogs.

What has conservation come towhen tame lions can be turned out after a lifeof imprisonment to be set upon by a dog packand then used for archery targets?

Our government has swallowed thearguments that “Hunting pays for conserva-tion,” “If it pays it stays,” and “Give it avalue and it will be preserved.”

Big game hunting will save thesafari parks of Africa, so the hunting industrysays––and some of their international politicalallies also expect us to believe that only whal-ing will save the whales.

Giving animals a cash value merelyintensifies commercial exploitation until wildpopulations can no longer support the industry,which then turns to captive breeding to meetthe market demand.

The end is inevitable: we lose ourwildlife heritage, while the hunting industrywhacks the animals and stacks the profits.

Do decent Africans like visits fromforeigners whose sole purpose is committinggrossly inhumane acts that often they could notlegally commit in their own countries?

The present conservation regime inSouth Africa represents an unholy alliancebetween some of the worst elements of theprevious government and a new governmentwhich continues to demonstrate a deplorablelack of compassion.

A stupefying indifference to the suf-fering of animals may be acceptable inKimberley and Nelspruit, but it is not accept-able to hundreds of millions of people. It willbecome unacceptable to even more as aware-ness of the cruelty of predator control andcanned hunting spreads.

[Adapted from Mercer’s September24, 2003 address to the All-Africa HumaneEducation Summit in Cape Town. ContactMercer c/o Kalahari Raptor Centre, P.O. Box1386, Kathu, Northern Cape ZA 8446,South Africa; <krc@spg.co.za>; <www.rap -tor.co.za>.]

SpayUSA

The apartheid legacy in wildlife conservation by Chris Mercer, co-director, Kalahari Raptor Centre

Farmers and predator control agents commonly hunt jackals with dogs resemblingthis bull mastiff, one of a pair who share lookout duty at the Kalahari RaptorCentre––but this dog prefers to play with orphaned jackal pups. ––Kim Bartlett

Church Times, the 140-year-old newspaper of the Church of England,concluded a July 4 editorial endorsing thecurrent Parliamentary attempt to abolishfox hunting by noting that, “Howeverhumane it attempts to be, the meat indus-try causes more animals to suffer than doa few roving bands of horsemen andwomen. An increasing number of peoplewould argue that since meat-eating is nolonger a necessity, slaughtering animalsfor food comes under the same headingof causing unnecessary suffering.”

Caracal at KRC. (Kim Bartlett)

ANIMAL PEOP LE, Oc tober 2003 - 7

D.E.L.T.A. Rescue'sExtensive Training Program

for Foreign Shelter ProfessionalsWorldwide!

Focus:To provide specialized training in the United States in all aspects related to operations, structure, and veterinary medical care, for all short and long term residents in a no-kill, care-for-life shelter environment.

T ra inee Requirements:The trainee must have shelter experience with basic skills in animal husbandry and knowledge of animal health care. (S)he must be of a total no-kill mind set with the fortitude to commit to “care for life” if necessary. The individual must demonstrate a staunch desire to make a career of working in the field of humane sheltering, ultimately contributing to the abolition of senseless killing, suffering, cruelty, starvation, and abandonment of helpless animals. Trainees must speak English.

We feel that just to be exposed to our way of medicine will take at least one month. You will be overwhelmed. To learn just the basics will take 3 - 6 months. The longer you stay, the more we will be able to teach you. And when you go back to your country we will consult with you from there. While you are here, we will put you in touch with suppliers and wholesalers. We will provide dormitory housing. Trainees will be working/learning 40+ hours per week. We will provide whatever documentation is needed to present with your visa application.

Purpose of this Program: D.E.L.T.A. Rescue is the largest no-kill, care-for-life sanctuary of its kind in the world. Our technologically advanced veterinary hospital and our clean and efficiently run sanctuary grounds are a wonderful prototype for shelters throughout the world! Our goal is to teach our no-kill, care for life philosophy to countries throughout the world, showing them that this is a successful alternative to euthanasia.

Health Care Training includes (but is not limited to):• Observing and triaging patients• Identifying primary concerns and complaints• Identifying disease, infection, and injury• Learning treatment plans and protocols for presenting illnesses and injuries• Indication/usage of the latest pharmacology products and homeopathic

remedies and learning various methods of administering medications• Behavior assessment: normal vs. abnormal emotional and physiological patterns• Obtaining urine, blood, fecal, and skin samples for laboratory testing• Surgical procedures and sterilization• Dental procedures• Anti-parasite treatments• Proper restraint methods• Vaccinations• Physical therapy• Proper and efficient recording

in medical chart• Wound treatment• Intravenous catheterization• Blood transfusion• Chemotherapy• Emergency medical care• ECG• X-Ray• Ultrasound

Shelter Management Training Includes (but is not limited to):• Scheduling and effectively managing staff for hospital and kennel

• Maintaining shelter grounds and equipment• Scheduling of daily animal care including feeding, cleaning, playing, and exercise

• Ordering and stocking of hospital and kennel supplies• Accurate and efficient business and shelter record keeping

• Fundraising techniques

Applicants must submit a full letter explaining their current shelter jobs

and how much this opportunity would mean to them and the animals in their care.

D.E.L.T.A. RescueP.O. Box 9, Dept AP, Glendale, CA 91209

Telephone: 011-661-269-4010 • Fax: 011-661-269-0648

Swathi Buddhiraju of the Visakha SPCA inVisakhapatnam, India, cleaning a dog’s teeth during her training at D.E.L.T.A. Rescue.

Dog quarters at DELTA Rescue Inside one of the DELTA Rescue cat facilities

DELTA Rescue founder Leo Grillo and friend

In February 2002, a college studentin Sichuan province microwaved a four-weekold puppy, reportedly in retaliation against hiswayward girlfriend.

Five zoo bears were at the same timeviciously assaulted with sulfuric acid at a zooin Beijing. The perpetrator, Liu Haiyang, wasa student at Tsinghua University, whose alum-ni include President Hu Jintao, former PrimeMinister Zhu Rongji, and Chairman of China’slegislature Wu Bangguo.

The public was outraged in eachinstance, but found solace in the belief thatthese were isolated cases.

The subsequent outbreak of SevereAcute Respiratory Syndrome awakened Chinato the cruel reality of wildlife exploitationacross the country––and put the acts ofderanged individuals into the uncomfortablecontext of being not far different from busi-ness as usual at live markets and in the tradi-tional medicine trade.

Wildlife has been used in China forhuman benefit for more than two thousandyears. Because wildlife use is part of theChinese culture, it has been widely viewed aspolitically untouchable.

Yet culture is neither an excuse noran adequate explanation for the unscrupulouswildlife traffic now afflicting China.

First, no culture is static. A power-ful state has a great capacity to reshape cul-ture. Second, Confucian culture is not uniqueto the Chinese mainland. For example, thelegacy of Confucianism has not kept Taiwanand Hong Kong from banning dog-eating.Third, the current volume of state-sanctionedwildlife exploitation has no precedent.

Environmental devastation was acommon legacy of socialism in EasternEurope. Similar development strategiesattempted in China during the Pre-Reform Era,1949-1978, comparably harmed Chineseecosystems and wildlife.

For example, to implement the“grain production first” policy introduced in1950, the central government decommis-sioned entire army corps to clear forests, levelmountains, drain lakes and wet lands, andcultivate grasslands for grain production.

Short-term gains in grain production,however, were soon swallowed by populationgrowth. By 1957, with grain harvests stag-nant, 30 million urban youth were sent to thecountryside to join in land conversion.

The increase of human activity inareas that were once sparsely populated causedthe flow of the Talimu River in Xinjiang toshrink by a third. Along the lower reaches,the bones of wild animals littered the once lushbanks. Siberian tigers, bears, river deer, red-crowned cranes, swans and sturgeons disap-peared from the Great Northern Wilderness inHeilongjiang. Asiatic elephants were drivenfrom the Xishuangbanna rainforest into neigh-boring Burma, Laos and Thailand.

In 1958 Chinese Communist leaderMao Zedong initiated the “Great Leap

Forward” with a plan to double steel produc-tion in only one year. Huge swaths of forestwere cut to feed millions of backyard smelters.Among the enduring effects of the Great LeapForward was the fragmentation of panda bearhabitat into widely separated tracts withinwhich the remaining small bear populationsmay lack the genetic diversity to survive.

Mao blamed rats, flies, mosquitoes,and sparrows for the failure of the 1957 grainharvest. Mao ordered the massacre of 1.96 bil-lion sparrows between March and November1958, despite the objection of experts thatsparrows were actually the major defense ofthe grain fields against insects. The killingculminated on December 13, 1958, whenShanghai residents reportedly destroyed194,432 sparrows.

The great disasterLike the sparrow extermination

order issued by a Prussian ruler in the late 18thcentury, Mao’s sparrow-killing campaign hadtwo serious consequences.

First, insects destroyed more of thegrain harvest than ever in 1959. Second, ageneration of the Chinese youth internalizedviolence against the weak and defenseless asan acceptable behavior in the name of servingthe interest of “the people.”

The policy-induced famine of 1960-1962 killed 40 million Chinese. The survivorsate rats, birds, worms, and insects. Dogs vir-tually disappeared. Cannibalism broke out.Soldiers were sent to Northeast China andInner Mongolia to hunt. One such expeditionbrought back seven train cars of Mongoliangazelles, reducing the species to the verge ofextinction for at least the next 20 years.

Pets were not just incidental casual-ties of the famine. Chinese Marxist ideologyidentified anything allegedly associated withthe “bourgeois” lifestyle as an obstacle to rev-olution and social progress, including the useof make-up, growing flowers, listening toWestern music, and keeping dogs andfondling cats. The official ideology not onlyauthorized violence against demonized “bour-geois” humans and their pets but praised it asheroic. Sympathy toward the condemned wasconstrued as a sign of weakness and question-able political loyalty. Enemies of the statewere described as “drowning dogs,” “cunningfoxes,” “ox ghosts,” “snake spirits,” and“dog sons of bitches.”.

To this day Communist Party ideo-logues detest petkeeping and portray petkeep-ers as soulless beings who imitate the“Western decadent lifestyle” out of mentalemptiness. Animal lovers are even smearedas “the fifth column” of Western “new imperi-alism,” who allegedly hate their own countryand delight in discrediting their own govern-ment by fabricating accounts of cruelty.

Deng Xiaoping introduced the eco-nomic reform era in 1978. He announced thatthe work of public officials would begin to beappraised in terms of their ability to create

jobs, generate revenue, promote local growth,and contribute to the national treasury.

The growth of commercial exploita-tion of wildlife, concentrated in the tourism,entertainment, and pharmaceutical industries,started then.

The exploitation of wildlife as thebasis for a cuisine that attracts tourists is con-centrated in Guangdong and Hainan provinces,in south China, but their wildlife restaurantsand live markets are globally depleting manyspecies. The restaurants and live marketsserve not only affluent local residents but alsovisitors who come from Hong Kong on“gourmet tours,” or from the north to seekbusiness connections. If enough visitorsdevelop a taste for wildlife, there is risk thatthe wildlife exploitation seen in Guangdongand Hainan could spread. Already, Shanghaiis believed to consume as many live snakes peryear as Guangzhou.

To sustain the orgy of wildlife-eat-ing, as populations of wild-caught animals areexhausted, factory farms have begun raising“wild” species including fox, marten, andmasked palm civets, whose fur may fetch ahigh price along with their meat.

Before SARS, the live marketwildlife traffic was reportedly worth close to$100 million per year.

Traditional medicineWhile SARS was a setback for the

wildlife meat industry, wildlife use in pharma-ceutical products continues to have strong gov-ernment backing. The central government hasbanned the use of internationally protectedspecies such as tigers and rhinoceros in tradi-tional medicine, but there are still as many as400 bear bile farms in northeastern and south-western China, with––according to widelyvarying estimates from different governmentdepartments––7,000 to 9,000 bears living ananguished life behind bars.

The use of traditional medicine hasdeclined in other nations, but continues togrow in China, where traditional medicineschools are still training thousands of practi-tioners per year. In 1997 the governmentsponsored the publication of a new and author-itative Complete Collection of ChineseMateria Medica. Among 8,980 listed pre-scriptions, 1,050 prescriptions use human andnon-human animal parts. Among the speciesprotected by the Convention on InternationalTrade in Endangered Species whose parts arelisted are wild horses, leopards, Asiatic ele-phants, and golden monkeys.

Entrepreneurs have also openedentertainment facilities using animals in vari-ous parts of China, but many of them are notmaking the profits that the owners expected.

In Guangxi, for example, a busi-nessman is reportedly using revenue fromthree other businesses to maintain “Bear andTiger Mountain,” a breeding farm with 600tigers, bears, lions and other large animals.The facility was intended to simultaneouslyentertain tourists, provide tiger parts to phar-maceutical companies, and breed wildlife forlive sale. Crowded conditions and encourag-ing tigers to fight to entertain visitors hasreportedly led to the death of 40 tigers.

Live feeding and animal fighting atmany wildlife parks, and the sale of wildlifemeat and products to visitors, has been exten-sively criticized by both Chinese and foreignmedia. Asian Animal Protection Networkfounder John Wedderburn, M.D., of HongKong, detailed some of the worst abuses inANIMAL PEOPLE as far back as 1996.

When cruelly managed wildlifeentertainment ventures fail, as they usuallydo, the animals may starve to death while theowners seek buyers who will help to recouptheir losses.

Efforts to improve animal welfare inChina encounter enormous difficulties.Politically, the People’s Republic remains aclosed society. Animal welfare organizationsmust cooperate with the Chinese authorities.Criticizing the wildlife traffic is difficultbecause of the economic influence of thewildlife use industries, especially at the locallevel. The Chinese public has been warned fordecades about the alleged vicious designs ofwestern imperialists. Foreign animal activistsare easily accused of wanting to stop Chineseeconomic growth.

Questioning Chinese wildlife con-sumption and the use of wildlife in traditionalmedicine can also be construed as an exhibi-tion of western contempt for Oriental culture.

Hope & opportunityThere are two recent signs of hope. Pro-animal organizations are still

operating in an uncongenial environment, buta 1999 survey of Beijing and Shanghai resi-dents conducted by the China Office of theInternational Fund for Animal Welfare discov-ered, as ANIMAL PEOPLE reported inMarch 2000, that public attitudes toward ani-mals are on the whole very similar to thoseprevailing in the U.S. about 10 to 15 years ear-lier, when the U.S. animal rights movementwas just beginning to achieve some successes.

The public upset over Liu Hai-yang’s attack on the Beijing zoo bears con-firmed this year that sympathy for animals isresidually strong, especially where the levelsof education and affluence are relatively highand eating wildlife is still uncommon.

In addition, the initial success of theAnimals Asia Foundation bear rescue cam-paign in Sichuan is changing the official per-ception of international pro-animal organiza-tions, helping to open the way for furtherinvolvement in China.

Touched by the sincerity, hardwork, and selfless sacrifice of AAF founderJill Robinson on behalf of the more than 100bears she and her staff have so far rescuedfrom bile farms, China Wildlife ConservationAssociation secretary-general Chen Run Shenrecently declared his confidence that “Bearfarming will eventually be ended.”

As important as this statement mayhave been for bears, the greater vote of confi-dence was for the concept and principle ofnonprofit enterprise on behalf of animals.

Economic reform and the nationaldrive for modernization have resulted in state-sanctioned commercial exploitation of wildlifeto a degree unprecedented in Chinese history.Since this industry is widely seen as part of theChinese economic miracle, contributing to theglorification of Chinese culture, combatting itpresents a comprehensive challenge.

Yet as China becomes better educat-ed and economically empowered to choosemorality over expedience, there is opportunityfor Chinese people who care about animals towork to persuade fellow citizens that crueltyhas no place in the better world that allChinese are striving to build.

There is also now opportunity forsympathizers abroad to help them.

8 - ANIMAL PEOP L E, October 2003

ANIMALS IN CHINA:FROM THE “FOUR PESTS”

TO TWO SIGNS OF HOPEby Peter Li

Peter (Jianqiang) Li is AssistantProfessor of Political Science at theUniversity of Houston, downtown campus.“I am from mainland China,” he wrote toANIMAL PEOPLE in 1998.

“In 1993 I came to the U.S. for myPh.D. studies, and brought my catMimi––perhaps the first immigrant cat fromChina. He is so attached to me that he mighthave crossed the Pacific to look for me if hehad been left behind. He was almost thrownto the cold street in the biting wind of aBeijing winter by my neighbor. The nextyear, when my wife came to join us, shebrought our other three cats. We had man -aged to feed them all, even though there is nopet food produced or sold in China, andspayed or neutered them all. Each has aunique story. Since then, we have adoptedthree American cats, who at first had somedifficulty communicating with the immigrants.

“We don’t just love cats, but loveall other animals,” Li continued. “It is verysad for us to see inhumane treatment of ani -mals, particularly in our homeland.”

This essay is adapted from Li’skeynote address to the Asia for Animals con -ference on September 3, 2 0 0 3 , in HongKong. [Photo by Kim Bartlett]

Two employees of the Animals Asia Foundation at the China Bear Rescue Project inChengdu exercise Sack, a dog rescued by AAF founder Jill Robinson from two men who hadhim in a sack and were beating him. [Photo by Annie Mather/AAF]

Mute swan defenders make their voices heard in court (from page 1)

Since 1967, The Fund for Animals has been providing hard-hitting information to the public and crucialresources to grassroots organizations and activists. Cleveland Amory’s landmark book, Man Kind? OurIncredible War on Wildlife, launched the American anti-hunting movement. And today, The Fund car-ries on Cleveland Amory’s legacy by launching campaigns, lawsuits, and rescue efforts to stop animalabuse around the nation. Please visit The Fund for Animals online at www.fund.org, where you canfind the following information and resources.

Legislative Action Up-to-the-minute alerts on federal and state legislative issues that affectanimals. Look up your legislators, and send them automatic messages. Find out how your federal rep-resentatives voted on animal protection issues. And join the Humane Activist Network to get moreinvolved nationally and locally!

Library and Resources In-depth reports such as Canned Hunts: Unfair at Any Price a n dCrossing the Line: When Hunters Trespass on Private Property. Fund Fact Sheets on everything rangingfrom entertainment to agriculture, state agencies to student activism, and solving common problemswith urban wildlife.

Humane Education Free publications for teachers, as well as curriculum units on hunting, circus-es, companion animals, and much more. Kids can order free comic books and coloring books on animalprotection issues, and can enter The Fund for Animals’ annual essay contest.

Multimedia View streaming video footage of The Fund’s Public Service Announcements featuringcelebrities such as Ed Asner and Jerry Orbach. See trailers and clips from award-winning documen-taries and view educational videos about humane ways to solve urban wildlife problems.

News and Updates See photos and read current updates about the rescued residents at TheFund’s world-famous animal sanctuaries. Link to news articles about The Fund, as well as to other ani-mal protection organizations and resources, and subscribe to a weekly email alert telling you what’snew at The Fund.

Online Store Use The Fund’s secure online server to order merchandise such as t-shirts,mugs, and companion animal items, and activist resources such as bumper stickers, buttons, books,and videos.

Find out more at www.fund.org!

ANIMAL PEOP L E, October 2003 - 9

Events

words by then-University of Montana biologistRuth Shea) have included the U.S. Fish &Wildlife Service, the Canadian WildlifeService, the National Audubon Society, theWorld Wildlife Fund, the National ParkService, and many other government agen-cies, nonprofit groups, and universities.

The entire scheme, Burton believes,was hatched chiefly out of the frustration ofrestoration biologists that for more than 50years they had failed in their efforts to rebuildtrumpeter swan populations, which had beenhunted to the verge of extinction.

Trumpeter swans were brought fromAlaska and released near Bend, Oregon, asearly as 1929 in hopes of saving the species,

but the total number of trumpeter swans in thecontinental U.S. fell as low as 70 circa 1935before there was any turnaround.

There are now about 24,000 trum-peter swans in the Lower 48, outnumberingmute swans by about 4,000.

Maryland has the most mute swans––but the Maryland mute swan population fellfrom circa 4,000 in 1999 to 3,600 in 2002without lethal control, Markarian pointed out.

Nonetheless, the Atlantic FlywayCouncil, representing the wildlife departmentsof the 17 states that claim to have mute swanproblems, has urged that the regional muteswan population be cut by 75%.

Most states with mute swans contend

that their populations grew from accidentallyescaped swans who were kept for ornamentalpurposes in relatively recent times. Maryland,for example, claims the Chesapeake Bay pop-ulation grew from just five who escaped in1962. Officially, mute swans are classed as aspecies introduced from Europe.

Burton, however, argues that muteswans historically were native to both sides ofthe Atlantic. They often appear in the back-grounds of old paintings, and were certainlycommon in North America by 1900.

PheasantsIronically, it was the Fund for

Animals that won a September 25 verdict fromU.S. District Court Judge Patti B. Saris againstthe release of non-native ring-necked pheas-ants at the Cape Cod National Seashore.

To stimulate interest in sport hunt-ing, Massachusetts wildlife officials hadreportedly released cage-reared pheasants onCape Cod, as well as elsewhere around thestate, each fall since 1906.

The Fund, Humane Society of theU.S., and the Massachusetts SPCA sued tostop the pheasant releases in 2002, pointingout that they contradict the National ParkService policy––the strictest of any federalagency—against the introduction of non-nativewildlife. Saris refused to halt the 2002 pheas-ant releases, but stopped them this year whenthe plaintiffs sued again, seeking a environ-mental impact review of the entire Cape CodNational Seashore hunting program.

“The Park Service says it is examin-ing options for phasing out the pheasant hunt,”reported Theo Emery of Associated Press.

Canada geeseAlso fighting the biggest proposed

massacre of introduced birds in U.S. history,the Fund for Animals and HSUS on October 8jointly declared their intent to oppose a U.S.Fish & Wildlife Service plan to give theresponsibility for managing non-migratoryCanada geese to state wildlife departments.

“The Fish & Wildlife Service esti-mates that there are roughly 3.2 million geesenationwide––about 30% higher than it believesare acceptable,” explained Edward Ortiz,environment writer for the Journal-Bulletin ofProvidence, Rhode Island. “The agencywants to thin the resident goose population byas much as 35%,” which would require killingfrom 400,000 to 800,000 geese per year for thenext 10 years.

State wildlife agencies could expe-dite the killing by expanding their goose hunt-ing seasons. But perhaps of chief interest tothe Fish & Wildlife Service is just getting ridof an embarrassing controversy.

Most non-migratory Canada geese inthe U.S. are descended from hybrids of wild-caught Canada geese with domestic geese,raised by hunting clubs in the early 20th centu-ry to be live decoys.

Banning live decoys in 1936 to pro-tect the then-steeply declining migratoryCanada goose population, the Fish & WildlifeService seized some of the hybrids, and formore than 50 years worked with state agenciesto stock them wherever the habitat seemedfavorable, in hopes of rebuilding huntablenumbers. Suburban sprawl, however, over-

––––––––––––––––––––IF YOUR GROUP IS

HOLDING AN EVENT,please let us know––

we’ll be happy to announceit here, and we’ll be happy

to send free samples ofANIMAL PEOPLE

for your guests.

October 24-26: No MoreHomeless Pets c o n f e r-ence, Philadelphia. Info:435-644-2001 X129 or<nmhp@bestfriends.org>.October 25-November 2:National Primate Liber-ation Week. I n f o :<www.saenonline.org>.October 27: A d o p t i o nOptions Utah, s e m i n a r ,Provo. Info: <outreach@-petfinder.com>.October 29: A d o p t i o nOptions Montana, s e m i-nar, Missoula. Info: <out-reach@petfinder.com>.Nov. 7-9: Natl. StudentAnimal Rights Conf.,Wash., D.C. Info: <lib-now@defendanimals.org>.November 10: Home 4the Holidays 2003begins. Info: 858-756-4117, x302; or<patd@animalcenter.org>.Nov. 12-13: M i n n e s o t aPublic Health & SatutesSchool, B l o o m i n g t o n .Info: 952-563-4940 or< m a c a @ m i n n e s o t a a n i m a l-control.org>.Nov. 13-14: R e p r e s e n t -ing Animals c o n f e r e n c e ,St. Catherine’s, Ontario.I n f o :<Sorenson@brochu.ca>;<www.brocku.ca>.Nov. 21: ACES ShelterPlanning & CapitalC a m p a i g n s s e m i n a r ,Orlando, Florida. Info:<nick@animal-care.com>.Nov. 22: ACES ChemicalCapture Certificationcourse, Orlando, Fla.I n f o : <nick@animal-care.com>.Nov. 23: T h a n k s g i v i n gbanquet for the animals.Info: Touched By AnAnimal, Inc. Chicago, IL773-728 -6336.

(continued on page 10)

SAN FRANCISCO––U.S. Magi-strate Elizabeth D. Laporte was at press timefor the October 2003 edition of A N I M A LPEOPLE expected to ratify an agreement bythe U.S. Navy that will restrict peacetime useof Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System-Low Frequency Active (SURTASS-LFA) toprotect whales.

Settling a lawsuit brought by theNatural Resources Defense Council and theHumane Society of the U.S., the pact followsa permanent injunction issued by Laporte onAugust 26 against any use of the new sonarsystem within a 14-million-square-mile area,constituting 40% of the Pacific Ocean.

“Under the injunction,” saidWashington Post staff writer Marc Kaufman,“the Navy can use the new sonar––whichemits low-frequency sound waves that travelfor hundreds of miles––only off the eastern

seaboard of Asia, an area of about 1.5 millionsquare miles. Both sides said they could notdiscuss the reasons for that exception. Theagreement prohibits the use of SURTASS-LFA within 30 to 60 miles of the coastlines ofthe approved area, including China, Korea,Japan and the Philippines. In addition, thesonar cannot be used when marine mammalsare migrating through.”

This is about 1% of the range with-in which the Navy was authorized to use thesonar by the National Marine FisheriesService, under a permit granted in mid-2002.

New research published in theOctober 9 edition of Nature reinforces thetheory that tests of mid-range and low-fre-quency sonar have caused numerous whalestrandings since the early 1980s. Surfacingrapidly to try to escape the noise, the victimsapparently die from internal decompression.

Navy agrees to restrict use of SURTASS-LFA sonar

Join the No More Homeless PetsForum

Join us to spend a week with some of the leaders of this lifesaving, nationwide movement. They’ll share an inside view of their thoughts and daily work and answer your questions about subjects that arenear and dear to their hearts.Coming topics:10/6 - 10/10 Foster Care: How can you develop a program that really works?Jenn Clayton of the Animal Advocacy Foundation will share information on how to start and run a successful foster care program.10/13 - 10/17 Why no-kill?Craig Brestrup, author of Disposable Animals and board member of the Association of Animal Sanctuaries will answer your questions about the ethics of no-kill animal shelters, their impact on the larger humane movement and what the future holds.10/20 - 10/31 Two weeks off for the No More Homeless Pets Conference in Philadelphia

11/ 3 - 11/7 Are you getting good press?Merritt Clifton, editor of Animal People, will answer your questions about media relations for your shelter; everything from managing a crisis to proactively reaching out to the public through the media.11/10 – 11/14 Could you start a “Friends of the Shelter” group?Julie Bank of Maricopa County Animal Care and Control and Rich DuCharme of First Coast No More Homeless Pets will answer your questions about why and how you could launch a program to support the shelters in your community.11/17 – 11/21 Internet adoptions. How can they work for you?Kim Saunders of Petfinder.com and Kate Schnepel of No More Homeless Pets in Utah will answer your questions and offer advice on how you can use the internet to find good new homes for animals.

To join, visit the Best Friends website:

www.bestfriends.org/nmhp/forum.htmlOR send a blank e-mail message to:

NMHP-subscribe@yahoogroups.comBest Friends Animal Society

Phone: 435-644-2001 E-mail:

info@bestfriends.org

took most of the stocked sites. Some states are still moving pro-

gram descendants to new habitat, but mostlong since classed non-migratory “Canadas” asan invasive nuisance.

The Fish & Wildlife Service in 1994removed non-migratory Canada geese fromthe protection of the 1918 Migratory BirdTreaty Act, contending that since they do notmigrate, they should not be covered.

CormorantsAlso on October 8, even as the Fund

and HSUS denounced the goose killing plans,the Fish & Wildlife Service extended to 24states a 1998 rule that allows wildlife agenciesto kill double-crested cormorants without firstgetting a federal permit. The 1998 ruleapplied to 13 states. Like the proposed trans-fer of authority over non-migratory geese, thenew cormorant policy amounts to exemptingthe target species from the Migratory BirdTreaty Act, after 85 years of coverage.

Opposition to cormorants comeschiefly from sport fishers and fish farmers.

Less eager to kill popular birdspecies, the Fish & Wildlife Service in June2003 refused to pay for a proposal by Hawaiistate wildlife biologist Fern Duval to kill about200 mitred conure parrots who have becomeestablished during the past 20 years in north-ern Maui. Duval in August told TimothyHurley of the Honolulu Advertiser that shewould seek USDA funding instead.

The World Parrot Trust and MauiAnimal Rescue & Sanctuary in 2001announced a plan to capture the conures, butfailed to secure needed permits and funding.

Ruddy ducksBird massacres in the name of con-

servation are scarely just a U.S. phenomenon.Clydesdale Animal Action and

Animal Aid, of Scotland, in August 2003organized two days of protest against Britishefforts to kill non-native ruddy ducks, whosealleged offense is hybridizing with whitehead-ed ducks during their migrations to Spain.

Waterfowling enthusiast and wildlifepainter Peter Scott introduced ruddy ducks to

Britain from the U.S. in 1952, nine yearsbefore he founded the World Wildlife Fund.The British population of ruddy ducks is nowbetween 3,000 and 6,000.

Birders dismayed at purportedlydeclining numbers of whiteheaded ducks havefulminated against ruddy ducks for decades.

Spanish whiteheaded duck enthusi-ast Jose Antonio Torres Esquivia has reported-ly spent up to $250,000 a year since 1984 tofind and kill a total of 122 ruddy ducks plus 58hybrids. British officials persuaded by hisexample purged 2,651 ruddy ducks in 1993,1994, and 1999, before instituting the currentscheme to eradicate ruddy ducks from Europe.

The killing is decried by TomGullick, 72, of La Mancha, Spain, whoselife list of more than 8,250 species of birdsseen, out of some 9,600 recognized species,is among the longest of any living birder.

“Genetic purity is a sort of a bug thatsome biologists have in their heads,” Gullicktold David Sharrock of the London Times i nJuly. “They would rather have no whitehead-ed ducks than ‘impure’ ones from abroad.”

In any event, Sharrock wrote, “It isnow more than 20 years too late to worryabout impurity, since by Gullick’s calcula-tions the more than 3,000 whiteheaded ducksnow thriving in Spain are descended from just19 pairs, nearly half of whom came fromAsia. Gullick’s involvement began in the late1970s, when he counted only 23 whiteheadedducks––a quarter of the official estimate.”

Recounted Gullick, “Hunters wereshooting the ducks, and I reckoned that onemore winter would have been the end of theWestern European population.”

Therefore, Gullick leased the hunt-ing rights to the whiteheaded ducks’ last habi-tat, hired a guard to keep hunters out, boot-legged whiteheaded duck eggs in fromPakistan, hatched them, and released 16whiteheaded ducklings at La Mancha.

“Whiteheaded ducks are now regu-larly seen in La Mancha, where they never

lived and bred before,” concluded Sharrock.

“Eco-fascists”On the far side of the world, the

New Zealand Fish and Game Council inAugust authorized farmers to massacre blackswans near Canterbury and Lake Ellsmere,lest they become established in pastures, con-suming alfalfa instead of water weeds.

“They’re doing massive damage,”complained silage grower Brian Goddard.“They pollute the pastures and they eat somuch grass it’s shocking.”

Goddard did not mention how muchhe spends per year for phosphate fertilizer.Waterfowl are among the most effective andprolific distributors of phosphates in nature.

In Singapore the National Environ-ment Agency was reportedly investigating anallegation that three members of the SingaporeGun Club have been collecting double boun-ties on Indian house crows. The trio claimedto be killing 50-70 crows per day.

Since 2001 the NEA has paid boun-ties on about 110,000 crows, asserting thatthis has cut the Singapore population frommore than 120,000 to barely 30,000.

The crows are much hated as a noisy“alien” species––and are likely to reclaim thehabitat just as soon as the shooting stops,since food sources remain abundant and noother species appears likely to move in.

Richard Mabey, author of the plantencyclopedia Flora Britanica, denounced“ecological fascists” who massacre non-nativewildlife in a June column for BBC Wildlifemagazine. Mabey called terms such as “alien”and “invasive” reminiscent of Nazi propagan-da for eugenic genocide.

“Nature hasn’t the slightest regardfor species and racial barriers,” Mabey said.“Evolution has always been a matter ofchange, moving on, miscegenation, symbio-sis, and partnerships of all kinds.” ––M.C.

10 - ANIMAL P EOPLE, October 2003

No More Homeless PetsConference

October 24 – 26, 2003Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

sponsored by Best Friends Animal SocietyHow can your community bring an end to the killing of healthy homeless pets?

Cities, counties, and entire states across the country are doing it.... And yours can, too!

Meet the people who are creating a new world for homeless pets at this landmark gathering of experts from across the country

as we explore strategies to develop no-kill communities. You’ll learn about:Adoptions: Simple steps

to get more animals out of the shelter and into good new homes.Spay/Neuter: Model programs

that really work.Plus: Saving feral cats, fundraising, preventing burnout, recruiting the best volunteers, building coalitions

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phone: 435-644-2001 x129fax: 435-644-2078

e-mail: nmhp@bestfriends.org

www.GREY2KUSA.org

Win or Die.Mute swan defenders (from page 9)

BRANDON, Manitoba– – F i v ehundred representatives of the 409 farms thatproduce pregnant mare’s urine for use byWyeth Organics on October 10, 2003 werenotified in person at the Keystone Center inBrandon that the PMU industry may be justabout finished.

A third of them were told duringthe following weekend––Thanksgiving week-end in Canada––that their services will nolonger be required. Leaving 30 seasonal jobsunfilled due to plummeting demand for PMUproducts, Wyeth plans to buy only half asmuch PMU as last year.

PMU sales fell after publication ofa series of studies during the past year by theU.S. National Institutes of Health which doc-umented that hormonal therapy harmsmenopausal women’s health more than ithelps. Sales had already contracted some-what under boycott pressure from animalrights groups. The boycotts began about fivemonths after ANIMAL PEOPLE in April2003 exposed the close confinement of thePMU-producing mares and the sale to slaugh-ter of most of their foals. The A N I M A LPEOPLE report was based on investigativefindings by Canadian Farm Animal Trustfounder Tom Hughes.

E-mails from well-informedsources indicated that Wyeth, trying to con-solidate to a more defensible position,dropped any PMU farmers who had violatedthe company code of humane husbandry, haddifficulty maintaining herd health, resistedthe recommendations of company inspectors,and/or simply sold foals to slaughter insteadof trying to adopt them out.

The PMU farmers, 244 of them inManitoba and the rest in Alberta,Saskatchewan, and North Dakota, will bepaid the sum they were promised when theycontracted to provide PMU during the 2003-2004 PMU collection season, Wyeth Canadaspokesperson Theodora Samiotis said.Samiotis also promised “additional compen-sation to affected producers to assist with thecare and feeding of their mares,” wroteMarcy Nicholson of the Brandon Sun.

“Wyeth is working closely with theNorth American Equine RanchingInformation Council, which aims to assistfinancially with transport costs for horseowners” who are sending their horses to auc-tion, Nicholson added.

The mares who were expected tohave produced PMU this winter were impreg-nated during the summer.

Horse farmers lose PMU contracts

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ANIMAL PEOP LE, October 2003 - 11

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BEIJING––Blood tests indicate that about 1% of thechildren in 17 provinces of China were exposed to SevereAcute Respiratory Syndrome before the outbreaks of 2002-2003 that hit 24 of the 31 provinces.

Evidently passing from animals sold in filthy livemarkets to humans working in food preparation, and thenspreading from human to human, SARS eventually killed 916people in 32 nations, with about 650 of the deaths occurring inmainland China and Hong Kong.

The blood study was conducted by the BeijingMilitary Zone Air Force Logistics Sanitation Unit, using sam-ples taken from healthy children before SARS appeared.

In a parallel study, the Beijing Capitol PediatricsResearch Institute found that among 77 children hospitalizedfor various reasons in 2001, 42% had antibodies to SARS.Among 92 children hospitalized during the SARS outbreak,40% had the antibodies––but none had SARS symptoms.

Both studies indicate that the coronavirus responsiblefor SARS was already widely distributed among the humanpopulation––at least among children––well before it turneddeadly. The findings may explain why relatively few childrendeveloped the deadly strain of SARS, but confounds the mys-tery of how SARS originated, since children are also less likelythan adults to consume wildlife products.

One possibility is that children receive antibodies toSARS via mothers’ milk. Chinese women may be more likelythan men to be exposed to SARS through food preparation andtending farmed wildlife, but men are the major wildlife eaters.

A Beijing University Hospital study meanwhile con-firmed that SARS is not easily transmitted to people who takeprecautions against the it, finding no evidence that SARS everpassed from patients to the health workers who treated them.

The three new studies by Beijing institutions were

released three weeks after Hong Kong University genesequencing expert Guan Yi and team reported in S c i e n c e t h a tthey discovered antibodies 99.8% identical to the SARS-likevirus antibodies found in four masked palm civets and a rac-coon dog last May in eight of 20 wildlife traders, three of 15slaughterers, and one of 20 vegetable sellers tested at theGuangdong market where the exposed animals were found.

None of the market workers actually had SARS.“Our investigation clearly shows that the SARS-like

virus comes from the SARS-like virus in the wild animal mar-ket,” Guan Yi said. “But we still have no direct evidence thatthe viruses in the markets can attack humans directly.”

Harvard Medical School scientific reviewer HenryNiman, MD., told Mary Ann Benitez of the South ChinaMorning Post that the Guan Yi team also found a direct linkbetween a masked palm civet and two infected Guangdonghealth workers.

In mid-August 2003, four months after suspendingwildlife sales, the China State Forestry Administration reautho-rized the sale of 54 species of wildlife as live meat or pets, pro-viding that the animals are captive-raised.

“Lifting the ban was a bit reckless,” Niman said.Maria Cheng, spokesperson for the Beijing office of

the World Health Organization, agreed with Niman that,“Perhaps it would have been better to wait until we had moreinformation for China to lift the ban” on wildlife consumption.

Hong Kong legislator for the medical sector LoWing-lok and legislator for food and hygiene Fred Li Wah-ming called for the ban to be reimposed.

Wary of protests that broke out in Guangdong in earlysummer, however, led by unemployed wildlife traders, ananonymous mainland State Forestry Administration officialreportedly dismissed the new findings as inconclusive.

French epidemiologist Francois Moutou told AgenceFrance-Presse in August that a 14-member team of UnitedNations and Chinese experts had found SARS-like viruses in awide range of birds, reptiles, and mammals at markets andfarms in south China. Their conclusions, however, have notyet been scientifically reported.

SARS spread from live markets, but when?

The Pet Rescue

S I N G A P O R E––SARS seems to have killed theSingapore Stray Cat Rehabilitation Scheme.

Sponsored by the Agrifood & VeterinaryAuthority, the Stray Cat Rehabilitation Scheme has sterilizedmore than 3,000 homeless cats since 1998, but a four-monthreview of the project determined that barely 10,000 of theestimated 70,000 to 80,000 homeless cats in Singapore havebeen sterilized, between public and private efforts.

AVA chief Ngiam Tong Tau said on October 8 that“All but one of the 16 town councils [in Singapore] wantedthe scheme stopped, and the holdout was halfhearted in sup-port,” wrote Sharmilpal Kaur of the Straits Times.

“The program was reappraised in the wake of fearthat cats might spread SARS,” Kaur continued. “Thoughtests found no such link, culling was stepped up because of apush to clean up public areas.”

Instead of sterilizing cats, Ngiam Tong Tau said,the AVA would kill any cats turned in, without charge.

“He said that people who feed strays responsiblyand clean up after them will be left alone,” Kaur added, “butthose who leave a mess can be charged with littering.”

Cat Welfare Society operations director Dawn Kuaargued that the Stray Cat Rehabilitation Scheme has beensuccessful, since Singapore killed only 10,000 cats in 2002,down from a 10-year average of 13,000.

The Cat Welfare Society is trying to raise $1 mil-lion to build its own sterilization clinic.

SARS kills cat program

DHAKA, Bangladesh––Five former Dhaka Zooemployees who allegedlypoisoned four Bengal tigersduring a 1996 labor disputewere on September 10, 2003sentenced to serve 14 yearsin prison at hard labor.

The Pakistan Daily Timesheralded “The first-ever ver-dict on the killing of animalsin Bangladesh,” which from1948 until 1971 was EastPakistan, separated from therest of Pakistan by India.

Published from the capi-tal of Bangladesh, theDhaka Daily Star did notcall the case a first, but gaveit prominent coverage on aday when the second anniv-ersary of the September 11al Qaida terrorist attacks onthe U.S. dominated the news.

Metropolitan SessionsJudge Habibur Rahmanacquitted nine co-defendants.

Rahman issued the stiffsentences to the remainderunder the Special PowersAct of 1974, pertaining tocrimes allegedly committedto destabilize the nation.

The tigers were allegedlypoisoned between November9 and 13, 1996, after zoocurator Ashraf Uddin trans-ferred the defendants and 18other staff members in acrackdown on corruption.

Invoking the SpecialPowers Act enabled Rahmanto impose the death penalty,but he was lenient, he said,because the “neglect andindifference” of the prosecu-tion had allowed the case todrag on for seven years.

Bangladeshtiger killers

get hard time

NCDL becomes Dogs TrustL O N D O N––The National Canine Defence League

on October 9 renamed itself Dogs Trust. Founded in 1891 tooppose vivisection of dogs, NCDL for most of the 20th cen-tury focused on providing veterinary care to pets of the poor.Restructured in 1980, it is now the British leader in rehomingdogs, and since 1996 has cosponsored the InternationalCompanion Animal Welfare Conference, partnering with theNorth Shore Animal League International division.

MSPCA kills Animals magazine B O S T O N––Promising to balance the Massa-

chusetts SPCA budget in 2004, first-year president LarryHawk in August 2003 terminated the money-losing A n i m a l smagazine, and in September laid off 19 employees.

The MSPCA closed facilities and sold property toreduce deficits at least twice during the long tenure of Hawk’spredecessor, Gus Thornton, who retired in April 2003. Thelayoffs, however, were reportedly the first in the 135-yearhistory of the MSPCA. The cancellation of Animals was thefirst major program cut since the Bands of Mercy and JackLondon Clubs begun by founder George Angell were axedapproximately 75 years ago, as the MSPCA struggled withcost overruns after building Angell Memorial Hospital.

A n i m a l s, an award-winning slick successor toAngell’s Our Dumb Animals newspaper, reputedly neverattracted enough paid subscribers and advertisiers to pay foritself. “While A n i m a l s did serve an educational function,”Hawk told ANIMAL PEOPLE, “I believe that there are bet-ter uses for our tight budget dollars at this time. Our commu-nications will become far more targeted to program needs.”

The budget trimming was necessary, Hawk toldBoston Globe correcpondent Vicki Croke, because “Betweenthe stock market and spending more than we had, our endow-ment eroded from $90 million to close to $50 million.”

Raising about $39 million a year, the MSPCA inrecent years has spent circa $45 million per year.

AVAR names new president DAVIS, Calif.––The American Association of

Veternarians for Animal Rights board of directors onSeptember 9, 2003 elected Paula Kislak, DVM, to succeedNedim Buyukmihci, DVM, as president.

“Kislak, a vegan, has been an AVAR board mem-ber since 1996, and was on its advisory board before that,”said the AVAR announcement.

Buyukmihci had headed AVAR since cofounding itwith Neil C. Wolfe, DVM, in 1981. Buyukmihci recentlyretired from teaching veterinary ophthalmology at theUniversity of California at Davis and on June 18 was nameddirector of the Animal Protection Institute Primate Sanctuary

At Responsible Policies for Animals, Inc., we want America to be a leader in compassion.

That means our universities must stop teaching cruel factory farming!

Visit www.RPAforAll.orgor request our 10,000 Years Is Enough

campaign information pack.

Responsible Policies for AnimalsP.O. Box 891, Glenside, PA 19038

215-886-RPA1 • RPA4all@aol.com

12 - ANIMAL PEOP L E, October 2003

The Watchdog monitorsfundraising, spending, andpolitical activity in the nameof animal and habitat pro t e c -tion—both pro and con. Hisempty bowl stands for all thebowls left empty when sometake more than they need.

TheWatchdog

Who killed activist Jane Tipson, and why?GROS ISLET, St. Lucia– –

Jane Tipson, 53, cofounder of the St.Lucia Animal Protection Society, theEastern Caribbean Coalition forEnvironmental Awareness, and theCaribbean Animal Welfare e-mail news-group, was fatally shot at close range at1:20 a.m. on September 17 just yardsfrom the gate of her home.

Tipson “was following her 50-year-old sister Barbara” in a separatevehicle, reported the St. Lucia Star,“after they had been trapping stray dogsand cats along the beach. Barbara hadarrived at their house when she heard aloud noise from the driveway.”

Mistaking the noise for a tireblowout, Barbara Tipson “drove back tofind her sister slumped over the wheel[of her vehicle], dead, the result of awound to the neck,” the Star continued.

“This case does not appear tobe a robbery,” police commissionerAusbert Regis said, “because the persondid the act and left. We are still trying todetermine a motive but at this time itappears that the killing was targeted.”

Nicole McDonald and Chris-tine Larbey of the S t a r wrote that,“Close friends of Jane Tipson (who pre-fer to remain anonymous) said she hadconfided in them about receiving threat-ening phone calls over the past fewweeks. The police were not prepared toconfirm the death threats.

“Another twist,” McDonaldand Larbey added, “is that two daysbefore Jane Tipson was fatally shot, thesisters’ Jambe DeBois restaurant atPigeon Island National Landmark wasburgled. On the day of Jane Tipson’sdeath two teenagers, 17 and 19, pleadedguilty to stealing $1,958.75 in cash andcigarettes from the restaurant.”

The 19-year-old, upon arrivalof an attorney hired by his mother, thenchanged his plea to innocent and request-ed a separate trial. Both suspects werereleased on bail.

The next afternoon, wroteMcDonald and Larbey, “the 17-year-old, Jean Vascar Emmanuel, was fatallyshot. He died Friday morning. But notbefore reportedly naming his attacker topolice. The police are tightlipped,”McDonald and Larbey said, “on anypossible connection between the deathsof Jane Tipson and Jean Emmanuel,”

but a police source apparently told them“that the police were in search of a 20-year-old gang member in relation toEmmanuel’s death.”

McDonald and Larbey wrotethat “Maria Grech, Tipson’s friend forover 20 years, was trying to hold downthe fort at the St. Lucia AnimalProtection Society office.

“Nothing makes sense,” Grechtold them. “It can’t have been a robberybecause Jane never had much money onher. We have been in some heated argu-ments in the past while trying to saveanimals, but nothing that would lead tomurder. There have been some raisedvoices in discussions over building the[Dolphin Fantaseas] dolphinarium, but itwas always civil. I doubt Jane’s deathhad anything to do with SLAPS. Well, Ihope not,” Grech concluded.

“She was our person on theground in St. Lucia trying to help us stopthe dolphin captures that were scheduledfor Dolphin Fantaseas,” confirmedDolphin Project founder Ric O’Barry,now working for the World Society forthe Protection of Animals.

“I’m somewhat suspicious,”O’Barry continued, “because this lookslike a hit. The Russian Mafia tried to killme in Tel-Aviv, Israel,” O’Barryrecalled of a similar incident in 1993.“Lucky for me, I passed out on a hungerstrike and was hospitalized in protectivecustody. My colleague Jenny May start-ed doing interviews for me, and shebecame the target. The Russians fol-lowed her down the beach as she tookher usual nightly stroll,” O’Barryalleged. “She was found strangled withher own belt. I’m sure they really want-ed me, but I was always in the companyof the army.”

No one was ever charged withthe Jenny May murder.

“The Israel BroadcastingAuthority is now making a movie for TVabout it,” O’Barry added.

Watson posts reward“I was quite shocked by Jane

Tipson’s death, but not as much as Ishould have been, because there is somuch hostility directed at conservation-ists,” commented Sea Shepherd Conser-vation Society founder Paul Watson.Watson posted a reward of $5,000 for

information leading to the conviction ofher killer.

Watson had himself encountedhostility in St. Lucia.

“Watson was in St Luciabefore the 2001 International WhalingCommission meeting in London,” theStar recalled. “He was ordered to leaveafter he produced a picture of butcheredpilot whales in a local fishing boat. Hewas accused of harassing the fishers. Hesuggested that St Lucia’s pro-whalingvote at the IWC was dictated by theJapanese in return for funding.

“Watson was not prepared tosay that Jane Tipson’s death had some-thing to do with her work,” the Star con-tinued. “But he added that it would notsurprise him.

SLAPS goes on“We want the St. Lucia Animal

Protection Society to continue,” SLAPSboard member Angel Isaac toldMcDonald and Larbey of the Star. “Ourdedicated members will get together anddecide where we go from here.”

“The Pegasus Foundationhelped fund several St. Lucia spay/neuterclinics through SLAPS partner, Inter-national Veterinary Assistance,” wrotePegasus Foundation communicationsdirector and program officer AnneOstberg. “Together with the local veteri-nary and business communities, SLAPSand IVA have made great progress inreducing St. Lucia’s stray dog and catpopulations. Both organizations haveindicated that they are determined tocontinue Jane Tipson’s legacy.

“Her family has requested,”Ostberg added, “that memorials be sentto SLAPS, P.O. Box 1114, Castries, St.Lucia, West Indies. IVA, a 501(c)(3)tax-exempt charity, has agreed to acceptchecks from U.S. donors on behalf ofSLAPS c/o 1928 DuBay Drive,Mosinee, Wisconsin 54455. Checksshould be made payable to IVA, withSLAPS noted on the memo line.”

As well as the Jambe de Boisrestaurant, the Tipson sisters owned theSnooty Agouti jazz bar in Gros Islet,and were active in the Bahai religiouscommunity.

“Jane was from Devonshire,settling in St Lucia some 30 years ago,”recalled Eastern Caribbean Coalition forEnvironmental Awareness head of opera-tions Lesley Sutty, of Martinique.

In addition to the animal andenvironmental protection organizationsJane Tipson started, Sutty recalled, “shecreated the St Lucia Whale and DolphinWatching Association and promoted thedevelopment of the now flourishingwhale watching industry in St. Lucia.”

The St Lucia Whale andDolphin Watching Association in a briefmemorial saluted Tipson’s “enthusiasmand dedication to the cause.”

Home for Life

“Ferret owners are rejoicing,” American FerretAssociation founder Freddie Ann Hoffman said of theOctober 7, 2003 election of actor Arnold Schwarzenegger toreplace recalled California Governor Gray Davis.

Hoffman credited Schwarzenegger with helping topopularize ferrets in his 1990 film Kindergarten Cop, whileblasting Davis for pledging to veto any bill to legalize thepossession of ferrets that might clear the state legislature.

Ferrets and many other non-native predators havebeen banned in California for more than 70 years, initially asalleged threats to the poultry industry.

The PawPAC political action committee was lessenthusiastic about Schwarzenegger.

“Like everyone else, we know nothing ofSchwarzenegger’s positions on animals,” said a pre-electionPawPAC release. “Former gubernatorial candidate RichardRiordan stated at a recent event that his friend Arnold ‘loveshis dogs.’ Schwarznegger has been endorsed by theCalifornia Farm Bureau, an organization that regularlyopposes animal welfare legislation.”

Ferrets for Schwarzenegger

ORGANIZATION UPDATES

If you know someone else who mightlike to read ANIMAL PEOPLE,

please ask us to send a free sample.

1998,” he told ANIMAL PEOPLE. “From April 28 toJune 2, seven Nairobi National Park lions were spearedand mutilated,” apparently by herders. “Only 10 to 12lions remain in the park and surrounding area. Five areadults, the rest sub-adults and cubs. Human activitiesare threatening the survival of the park,” Ngonyo con-tinued. “The relentless increase in the Nairobi humanpopulation and changing land use patterns have blockedthe migratory corridor to the park. The few remainingcrossings cannot sustain a sizable population.

“The real problem,” Ngonyo said, “is loss ofprey. Lions prey on herbivores. The herbivore popula-tion in the park and surrounding area has dwindled dueto poaching and game-cropping. Nairobi National Parkonce generated more revenue than all the other parks inKenya combined,” Ngony noted, “but one needs only totake a game drive to realize how barren it has become.”

Kalahari Raptor Centre co-director ChrisMercer [see page 6] documented the extirpation of wild

lions from his part of Africa in the opening chapters ofhis 2000 book For The Love Of Wildlife.

The recent rapid growth of lion hunting withinfenced enclosures of varying size in many Africannations reflects the disappearance of wild lions. Theproprietors have shown the ability to breed lions in vol-ume, to demand, like puppy mill dogs.

But breeding lions in captivity from a limitedgene pool does not fill the ecological niche of lions in thewild, the experts agree––and trying to restore wild pop-ulations, once lost, may not be successful.

Even if genetic diversity could be sustainedwithin the captive population, the viability of wildprides depends not only on individual fitness, but alsoupon acquired knowledge about the habitat and preytransmitted chiefly by the females, who tend to remainwithin their birth-pride.

Already the knowhow that lions need to sur-vive in much of their range may have been lost.

K U W A I T––The live-stock ship Cormo Express was tosail back to Australia on October 15with 52,000 sheep who wererefused entry into Saudi Arabia onAugust 22 after some were found tohave scabby mouth disease.

The return voyage hadbeen delayed for 24 hours by diffi-culty in obtaining enough fodder tosustain the sheep en route to aplanned first stop for Australian vet-erinary inspection at the CocosIslands, also known as the KeelingIslands, about 1,500 miles west ofAustralia proper.

Australian authorities hadnot yet decided what to do with thesheep. More than 100 nations hadreportedly refused them, even as agift that they were subsidized totake. Options included trying toslaughter the sheep at sea, dispos-ing of their remains via the nine-story mincer used to dispose of ani-mals who die individually in transit;

landing the sheep for slaughter onthe Australian mainland, probablyat Albany; and repatriating thesheep alive to the Outback, wherethey might still be killed and buried.

The Australian MeatIndustry Council vehemently foughtreturn of the sheep to Australiansoil, on the pretext that they mightbring back new infections after trav-eling halfway around the worldtwice, spending at least 11 weeks atsea by the time they reach theCocos/ Keeling Islands.

The Cormo Express l e f tFremantle with 57,937 sheep onAugust 5. Australian officialsdenied that the Saudi governmentrejected the sheep in retaliation forAustralian support of the U.S. occu-pation of Iraq. The Australian gov-ernment repurchased the sheep fromthe Saudi buyer for $4.5 millionU.S. and halted all further sales oflivestock to Saudi Arabia.

Australian exports of live

sheep to the Middle East are worthjust under $100 million U.S. peryear, a small yet politically volatileportion of the $5.5 billion U.S. peryear Australian meat industry.Saudi Arabia buys about two-thirdsof the Australian live sheep exports.

All Australian livestockexports to the Middle East were sus-pended from 1989 until 2000 in aprevious dispute over rejections ofsheep by Saudis and others. SaudiArabia responded then by banningsheep from Australia, 1991-1995,an action attributed by some sourcesto Saudi discontent over Australiansupport for the U.S. during the firstPersian Gulf war.

Live sheep exports fromPortland, Australia, were suspend-ed in October 2002 by Australianagriculture minister Warren Truss,after five shipments in a row includ-ing one by the Cormo Express h a ddeaths exceeding the Australian rec-ommended ceiling of 2%.

AN I M A L PEOPLE, October 2003 - 13

Home 4 the Holidays 2002 saved countless lives!Be a part of Home 4 the Holidays 2003.

Log on to www.home4the holidays.com for more information.Hindu nationalists hit animal sacrifice

Veggie novelist Coetzee wins Nobel Prize

No happy endings likely in three-month sheep-at-sea saga

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SHARK is building twomore Tiger video trucks that will surpass even the unprecedented Tiger prototype that has forthree years sent animal abusers nationwide running for cover. This is your chance to supportthe most effective educational concept in animal defense.

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The original Tiger has already addressed more issues than many animal advocacy groups willever tackle, including bullfights, rodeos, circuses, horse slaughter, vivisection, fur,canned hunts, dolphin massacres, dog-and-cat-eating, and the slaughter of kangaroos inAustralia. Most recently the Tiger had a huge role in ending bear abuse at Baylor University.

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S T O C K H O L M– – S o u t hAfrican novelist and advocate of vege-tarianism J.M. Coetzee was onOctober 1 named winner of the 2003Nobel Prize for Literature.

The award is to be presentedin Stockholm on December 10 by CarlXVI Gustaf, King of Sweden. Thedate is the anniversary of the death ofAlfred Nobel, who endowed theNobel Prizes with his profit frominventing dynamite.

“Coetzee has long beenhailed as a powerful and controversial,if often oblique, commentator on theravages of apartheid,” wrote JenniferSchuessler, deputy editor of the Ideassection of the Boston Globe. But hismost recent novel, Elizabeth Costello,raises “another unsettled and unset-tling question,” Schuessler continued.

“By raising billions of ani-mals a year in often squalid conditions

before brutally slaughtering them fortheir meat and skin, are we all com-plicit in a ‘crime of stupefying propor-tions’? Those words are Costello’s,whose two lectures on animal rights––‘The Philosophers and the Animals’and ‘The Poets and the Animals’––make up the longest section of thebook. The preoccupation is very muchCoetzee’s own, and has movedincreasingly close to the moral centerof his work.”

“In 1997-98,” Schuesslerrecalled, “Coetzee delivered thesechapters as the prestigious TannerLectures in Human Values atPrinceton. They were published sepa-rately in 1999 as The Lives of Animals.

Coetzee described hisresponse to social pressure to eat meatin an essay called “Meat Country,”published in the Winter 1995 editionof the British literary quarterly Granta.

NEW DELHI––“There isa great need to cleanse Hinduism” ofanimal sacrifice, “and the time isnow,” editorialized the October2003 edition of The Organizer, theofficial publication of the hardlineHindu nationalist volunteer corpsRashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh.

The RSS is often describedas the ideological arm of the rulingBharatiya Janata Party.

The Organizer s t r o n g l ypraised former actress JayalithaJayaram, now chief minister ofTamil Nadu state, for orderingpolice to halt animal sacrifices onAugust 28. After three men werearrested the next day for sacrificinggoats and hens at Madurai, no moresacrifices were reported for a week.

Members of the People’sArt & Literary Association andRevolutionary Students & YouthFront then defied Jayalitha (usuallycalled by just her first name) by stag-ing sacrifices in Tirunelveli andTiruchirapalli. Police detained butdid not charge the suspected leaders.

The RSS opposition to ani-mal sacrifice came amid rising ten-sion in India over cow slaughter. InAhmedabad, where sectarian riotskilled 100 Hindus and 2,000Muslims in May 2002, police onSeptember 6 fired tear gas to breakup a stone-throwing mob whoaccosted municipal workers during astray cattle round-up. The mobreleased eight of the 200 cattle whohad been captured.

The Hindustan Timesreported on the eve of the September22 sentencing of the 13 convictedkillers of U.S. missionary GrahamStaines and his sons that the mobwas motivated by seeing tribalIndians eating beef. Staines, 57,and the boys, 6 and 10, were burned

alive in 1999. Despite the hint thatStaines had promoted beef-eating,there was no reported violence afterthe court ordered that instigator DaraSingh should be hanged, while theothers are to serve life in prison. All13 defendants have appealed.

Media commentators indi-cated that the RSS position againstanimal sacrifice may reflect anincreasing sense of security amongthe BJP leadership.

In mid-2002, by contrast,after People for Animals founderManeka Gandhi clashed with bothdevotees of religious animal sacrificeand biomedical researchers overtheir “sacrifices” of animals, BJPPrime Minister A.B. Vajpayee tookaway the ministry for animal welfarethat Mrs. Gandhi had held as anindependent member of the govern-ment coalition since 1998.

The Organizer c r i t i c i z e dKing Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah ofNepal. Four days before Mrs.Gandhi was fired, the king sacri-ficed five animals during a state visitto Assam. Told that the sacrificeswere planned, Mrs. Gandhi warnedthat they would be illegal under the1960 Prevention of Cruelty toAnimals Act. PfA won a restrainingorder against the sacrifices, but theJhalukbari police detachment refusedto enforce it, citing an exemption inthe 1960 law for sacrifices conducted“in a manner required by religion.”

While criticizing the kingwould be risky within Nepal, atheocracy that practices a primitiveform of Hinduism, Lucia de Vries ofFriends of the SPCA-Nepal onSeptember 28 appealed for interna-tional opposition to a web site whichpromotes to Nepalese living abroadthe notion of buying a goat for sacri-fice by relatives or friends at home.

Wild lions hunted to verge of extinction (from page one)

S P R I N G F I E L D––Sales of“pet friendly” license plates to raise fundsfor dog and cat sterilization remain sus-pended in Illinois due to a claim of trade-mark infringement made by the rope toymaker Pet Friendly Inc., and may be in“legal limbo” in several other states,American SPCA Midwest representativeLedy VanKavage told ANIMAL PEO-P L E shortly before the October 2003edition went to press.

Illinois Secretary of State JesseWhite confirmed on August 26 that salesof the Illinois plates reading “I am petfriendly” were halted after his officereceived a demand for $563,000 in autho-rization fees and royalties from PetFriendly Inc. vice president Charles W.Weinacker Jr.

Pet Friendly Inc. claims to haveabout 80 employees and sales of approxi-mately $10 million per year.

U.S. Patent and TrademarkOffice records “show that the Alabamacompany applied for three trademarks in1995, but the applications were aban-doned,” wrote Dana Heupel of CopleyNews Service. “The company applied fora combined trademark for clothing, pettoys, and pet food in 1997. The markwas registered on January 8, 2002.”

Pet Friendly Inc. has applied touse the term on carpets and for hotels,but these trademarks have apparently notyet been granted, Heupel said.

Heupel also found that a NewYork firm registered “pet friendly” as atrademark in 1997 “on a component of adetector to distinguish between humanand animal signals.”

Former Illinois GovernorGeorge Ryan on January 11, 2002 signedinto state law a plan to finance the IllinoisPet Overpopulation Control Fund throughthe sale of license plates reading “I ampet-friendly.” The plates sell for $118 thefirst year, $105 per renewal, and provide$25 per sale to the OverpopulationControl Fund.

Weinacker told Heupel that PetFriendly Inc. sells vehicle plates bearingthe words “pet friendly,” and that he hadsent demands for authorization fees androyalties to the state of Missouri and theHumane Society of the U.S. as well.

Missouri responded, Van-Kavage told ANIMAL PEOPLE, with aclaim of sovereign immunity.

The earliest use of the term “petfriendly” discovered by ANIMAL PEO-P L E in web-searching was by the L o sAngeles Daily News on June 12, 1988.

The earliest use of the term inconnection with a product appeared to beby Pet Friendly Publishing Inc., ofScottsdale, Arizona, which in May 1995issued the first edition of V a c a t i o n i n gWith Your Pet: Eileen’s Directory ofPet-Friendly Lodging, U.S. & Canada,by Eileen Barish.

Paul Siegel

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AN I M A L PEOPLE, October 2003 - 14

Joan Allen, Carol Anderson,Animal Rescue/Grace Froelich, Mary Arakawa, Florence Arday,

Elisabeth & Louis Arvin, Dianne & Michael Bahr, Lana Bajsel, E. Bruce Barber, Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth Bates, Christine Beard & David Goldblatt, Risa Beckham, Ruth Berridge,

Louis Bertrand, Dr. Leclair Bissell, Sharon Blair, Pamela Blake, Wanda Blake, Janet Bloor, Maria Bolanos, Joel & Mary Bonham, Francis Bourdon Jr., Dolly Brannen, Joann Bray,

Natasha & Noah Brenner, Joyce Briggs, Shirley & Irwin Brown, David Brubaker, Dale Call, Sally Cannavo, June Carter, John & June Caspersen, Jan Cejka, Grover Chapman,

Mary & Bill Chipman, Roberta Ann Claypool, Patricia Clerico-Parham, Gale Cohen-DeMarco, Dr. Grady Coker, Jennifer Coleman, David Coley, Lorraine Collins, Marjorie Cooke, Darline Coon,

Sharon Coop, Delilah Cooper, Cholla Covert, Cynthia Crofoot, Susana Crow, Helen Curtis, Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Cutre, John Cymbalisty, Nelly Jean & Frank Dapice, Shirlee Daube,

Maura Sausey, Christopher Delevoryas, Len & Jean Diamond, Carolyn Dicecca, Helen Dion, Judith Ditfurth, Ruth Dixon, Bettina Domingue, Donald & Lorna Dorsey, Joan Drown,

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Persuaded by testimony fromPeaceable Kingdom founder Liz Jones,plus about 20 other neuter/return practi-tioners, the Pennsylvania GameC o m m i s s i o n on October 8, 2003 votedunanimously to drop a proposal to amenda regulation forbidding the “release ofhouse cats” so as to prohibit the release ofany dogs or cats, including ferals, “intothe wild.” The amendment was pushedby the American Bird Conservancy.

Palm Beach County, Florida,on August 19 adopted a bylaw to prohibittethering dogs outside from 10 a.m. to 5p.m., effective on September 1 and sub-ject to review in early 2004 by the countyanimal control advisory board––whichreportedly plans to recommend a totalban on tethering.

Wichita, Kansas, in earlySeptember became at least the 28th U.S.municipality to restrict dog tethering,adopting a bylaw that limits tethering tono more than one hour at a time.

New York Governor GeorgePataki in August vetoed a bill backed bythe Fund for Animals and the HumaneSociety of the U.S. that would have pro-hibited hunting mammals within enclo-sures of any size, strengthening an exist-ing law that prohibits hunting mammalswho are enclosed within less than 10acres. On September 24, however,Pataki signed a bill to require that dogskept outdoors must have clean surround-ings and freedom of normal movement,with access to a waterproof roof, shade,and insulation from extreme heat or cold.

Regulations regarding dog & cat freedom

YELLOWKNIFE, NorthwestTerritories, Canada––Overcrowded with 64dogs seized by the Royal Canadian MountedPolice from itinerant rescuers Harry and PatShermet, the 12-cage Yellowknife SPCA onSeptember 16, 2003 sent 25 puppies to theEdmonton SPCA.

First Air donated the 650-mile flight.The Great Slave Animal Hospital donated therequired vaccinations.

“We’re glad to help,” MelissaBoisvert of Edmonton SPCA told NathanVanderKlippe of the CanWest News Service.

The Edmonton SPCA had only sixdogs in its 60 kennels before the puppiesarrived, a legacy of successful pet sterilizationand rehoming.

The Yellowknife rescue exemplifiedboth the promise and the problems associatedwith transferring shelter animals to match sup-ply to demand. The Shermets actually hadalmost the same idea, after they were evictedfrom the cabin where they had amassed 66dogs in three years. Loading all the dogs intoa trailer on September 5, the Shermets hopedto find homes for them in Manitoba, but were

intercepted by the RCMP in Rae, just 100miles down the road. Six dogs escaped andtwo were shot during the ensuing chaos.

“Humane relocation,” as long-dis-tance transfers of animals are called, hasproved highly effective in boosting adoptionsand reducing shelter killing since the techniquewas pioneered about 15 years ago by the NorthShore Animal League America.

But it remains controversial, adecade after ANIMAL PEOPLE in March1993 documented the positive early results ofthe North Shore humane relocation program.

In May 2003 ANIMAL PEOPLEreported about opposition to humane reloca-tion organized by the National Animal InterestAlliance, founded in 1992 by Oregon dogbreeder Patty Strand, and noted the allegationof British quarantine kennel operators thatrecent relaxation of British quarantine stan-dards may allow rescuers to accidentallyimport parasitic diseases.

Well-managed humane relocationprograms help to put sterilized pets in homes,cut into pet store and breeder sales, and makefunding available for pet sterilization in the

communities whose shelters provide the ani-mals. Many shelter operators and breed res-cuers, however, see humane relocation asunwelcome competition for chances to placeolder and/or behaviorally difficult animals.

The Foundation for AnimalProtection in Brookfield, Connecticut,Animal Friends of Connecticut in New Britain,and New England Border Collie Rescue eachvociferously opposed humane relocation inSeptember statements, likening the practicesof humane relocators to those of puppy mills.

Indeed, humane relocation by insuf-ficiently trained people can have catastrophicconsequences. Connecticut has seen tworecent examples.

Rachel Witherspoon, 40, ofLitchfield, Connecticut, volunteered for twolocal rescue/adoption groups, and was allowedto borrow a mobile adoption van from NorthShore to help rehome animals. Unknowneither to North Shore or to the local groupsWitherspoon was working with, however, shehad also imported nine puppies on her ownfrom the Kentucky Humane Society, and wasseeking homes for them without going through

the North Shore procedures that ensure thehealth of animals placed for adoption throughtheir facilities. In March 2003 Witherspoon ontwo occasions allegedly adopted out sick pup-pies without issuing the health certificates thatare supposed to accompany any animals whoare adopted or sold in Connecticut. She waseventually charged with operating a pet shopwithout a license plus nine counts of importingdogs without a health certificate.

In August 2003 evangelist IvanTruman, 65, of Smiths Grove, Kentucky,was charged with 10 counts of cruelty afterpolice in Stratford, Connecticut, found 69dogs packed into 12 carrying crates in his van.Three cats were reportedly loose in the van.Eleven of the 69 dogs were already dead fromheat stress. Intercepted on his way from theBowling Green-Warren County HumaneSociety in Kentucky to the Oronoque AnimalHospital, Truman told police that he was mak-ing his seventh journey as a pet relocator.

Legislation to regulate humane relo-cation was introduced into the Connecticutlegislature after the Witherspoon episode, butwas withdrawn pending revisions.

ANIMAL PEOP L E, Octb er 2003 - 15

Yellowknife and Connecticut incidents feed the “humane relocation” debate

ASPCA

species,” Vedantam wrote. “GivingAmericans access to endangered ani-mals, officials said, would feed theU.S. demand for live animals, skins,parts and trophies, and generateprofit that would allow poor nationsto pay for conservation.”

David P. Smith, InteriorDepartment deputy assistant secre-tary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks,insisted to Vedantam that, “This isabsolutely consistent with theEndangered Species Act.”

Chiefly representing largelandowners, the Kenya WildlifeWorking Group used comparablelanguage in an April 2003 set of pol-icy recommendations to the KenyaWildlife Service.

“Managing land to pro-duce game birds…should be encour-aged,” the KWWG said. “Gamecropping to produce meat and otherproducts is in principle no differentfrom any other form of animal pro-duction…it should be encouraged.

“A prime objective ofKWS is managing and conservingwildlife to yield optimum returns,”the KWWG asserted. “Worldwide,recreational hunting yields high eco-nomic returns. It did so in Kenya forboth government and the private sec-tor between 1900 and 1970…Thecircumstances existing between1970 and 1977 that justified banningall hunting no longer exist. Giventhese facts, recreational hunting canbe reintroduced to Kenya.

“Many trophies come intoKWS hands annually and the hidesand skins of animals cropped bylandowners become available. Notallowing them to be processed andsold wastes millions of shillings. Tooptimize returns, trade in trophiesshould be permitted. Trade in liveanimals can be profitable and canhelp conserve biodiversity…Tradein live animals should be encour-aged,” the KWWG added.

The likeness of outlookwas no mere coincidence.

A leading proponent of theBush administration proposals isJohn R. Monson, president-elect ofSafari Club International and formerchair of the New Hampshire Fishand Game Commission.

“In 1999,” Vedantamnoted, “Monson applied for a permitto shoot and import a straight-hornedmarkhor. He was turned down.

“Safari Club Internationalgave $274,000 to candidates duringthe 2000 election cycle, 86 percentof it to Republicans. It also spent$5,445 printing bumper stickers forthe Bush presidential campaign.Monson has made a variety of con-tributions himself, including $1,000to the Bush for President campaign.

The most influential voicewithin the KWWG is another big-time trophy hunter, Ian Parker,described by former KWS directorRichard Leakey in his book WildlifeW a r s as a former professional ele-

phant hunter and“outspoken oppo-nent of efforts to give the elephants atotal protection,” arguing that “com-mercial use should be a fundamentalpart of any policy on elephant man-agement.”

The U.S. voted at theNovember 2002 Convention onInternational Trade in EndangeredSpecies triennial meeting to amendthe 1989 global ban on ivory traf-ficking to allow Botswana, Namibiaand South Africa to sell stockpiledivory––in accord with the recom-mendations of Safari Club Inter-national and Ian Parker, but inopposition to the views of most con-servation organizations.

CroppingYouth for Conservation

cofounder Josphat Ngonyo disputesalmost every KWWG claim.“Uncontrolled exploitation ofwildlife forced the government toban hunting in 1977,” Ngonyoexplains. “There was no more for-mal consumptive use of wildlife inKenya until in 1990 the KWS gavein to pressure from a few wealthyland-owners and allowed a five-yeargame cropping experiment inNakuru, Laikipia, Machakos,Samburu, Kajiado, and Lamu. Thisproject has continued for 13 yearsand was only reviewed in 2001.

“KWS was to monitor andevaluate the project. But KWSrelied on the croppers and landown-ers for information. Driven by eco-nomic interest, landowners have attimes given exaggerated figures [ofwildlife abundance] to be allowed tocontinue to crop. Some croppersresort to poaching to meet marketdemand after exhausting their quo-tas,” Ngonyo charged.

“The rationale for crop-ping was to give the landowners aneconomic interest in conserving thewildlife on their land, therebyreducing human/wildlife conflict.This has not happened. Largelandowners crop and benefit fromthe wildlife while their neighborsmay be arrested if they hunt even asingle dik-dik for domestic use. Weare thus witnessing heightened ani-mosity between the landowners andthe communities. This has fueledpoaching in some areas. In fact,cropping is compromising the gainsmade in anti-poaching campaigns.YfC in two recent three-day desnar-ing operations harvested 675 snareson just one ranch in Machakos.

“The pilot cropping pro-ject led to the emergence of the pow-erful cartels that are now lobbyingfor lifting the sport hunting ban inKenya,” Ngonyo observes. “Theideals of conservation appear to belong abandoned. The goal is tomaximize gains from wildlife.”

Michael Wamithi, KWSchief from November 2002 to May2003, suspended the cropping per-mits. Wamithi soon afterward losthis job, and returned to work withhis previous employer, theInternational Fund for AnimalWelfare, but Ngonyo and fellowYfC officier Steve Itela, among oth-ers, have rallied sufficient opposi-tion to cropping to forestall aresumption––at least so far.

“To YfC, the differencebetween bushmeat and game meat isa matter of semantics,” Ngonyosays. “Meat is all from the samesource, the death of an animal, and

if anything, the licensed killer isdoing more harm than the small-scale hunter or snarer because of thetechnological sophistication of thetools he uses.”

But Zoological Society ofLondon conservation programsdirector Glyn Davies and researcherGuy Cowlishaw said at SalfordUniversity in Manchester onSeptember 7 that conservationistsshould work to develop a sustainablebushmeat trade.

“A great many peopledepend on bushmeat for food andcash,” said Davies. “You can’t justwaltz in and say stop.”

Agreed Cowlishaw, “Itwould be a crisis if the bushmeatresource disappeared. We have aduty to make sure it remains forlocal people and is sustainable forthe future of the species affected.”

The Davies/Cowlishawextension of the “sustainable use”concept to bushmeat could indirectlyreflect the growing influence offunding from pro-hunting organiza-tions on the zoo community.Ramona Bass, for example, wife ofthen-Texas Parks and WildlifeCommission chair Lee Bass, raised$40 million for the Texas Wildexhibit opened in June 2001 at theFort Worth Zoo. The exhibit glori-fies sport hunting.

The Fort Worth Zoo wasalso the only animal-related charitynamed as recipient of a gift fromGeorge W. Bush in his presidentialcampaign disclosure statements.

Fort Worth Zoo director ofanimal collections Robert Wiese in2000 projected that captive ele-phants could be extinct in NorthAmerica by 2049 without an influxof young breeding stock. Elephantshave not been imported into the U.S.since 1989, but under the Bushadministration the Fish & WildlifeService has agreed to allow theLowry Park Zoo in Tampa, Florida,and the San Diego Wild AnimalPark in California to import four ele-phants and seven elephants, respec-tively, from Swaziland.

The Save The ElephantsCoalition challenged the import per-mits, but lost in U.S. District Courton August 8 and lost in the U.S.Court of Appeals on August 15.

ParrotsThe Bush administration

via the Fish & Wildlife Service hasalso proposed creating a first-everexemption to the 11-year-old WildBird Conservation Act to allowimports of blue-fronted Amazon par-rots from Argentina.

“The proposal cites esti-mates by Argentine parrot biologistEnrique Bucher of how many birdscould be safely captured,” Vedan-tam wrote. “But Bucher said hisresearch actually showed that theproposal was poorly conceived.”

“It’s an extraordinarily badidea,” World Parrot Trust directorJamie Gilardi told Vedantam, sup-ported by the signatures of 88 parrotexperts. “The quotas are based onpoor or inadequate science. Sustain-ability is not addressed at all.”

ANIMAL PEOPLE i nJanuary 1999 journeyed up the RioTambopata in southern Peru to studyparrot habitat in one of the mostremote parts of the Amazon basin.We saw devastation wrought by con-servation policies founded on “sus-

tainable use,” which were paradoxi-cally defended by many of the biolo-gists who were watching speciesdsappear.

“The biologists acknowl-edged that human predation had sig-nificantly depleted parrots, mon-keys, giant otters, and other ani-mals captured or hunted for eithercash or meat,” we wrote. “Inalmost in the same breath, however,the biologists at once denouncedcapturing wildlife for live resale andvigorously defended meat-huntingby indigenous people––even ofsome of the rarest mammals.

“First, they argued, theindigenous hunter/gatherers haveprotected and preserved rainforestbiodiversity for centuries, and willcontinue to do so if they are allowedto go on practicing their traditionalway of life. This was said whileacknowledging that most of theindigenous people of the Amazonregion are thoroughly intermingledwith more recent immigrants, andthat most of the people still classi-fied as ‘indigenous’ have adoptedmodern ways and weapons to what-ever extent they are able.

“Second, the biologistsasserted, the hunter/gatherers haveno choice but to hunt, as they haveno other source of protein (thoughthey export protein-rich Brazil nuts)and as the thin rainforest topsoil willnot sustain farming.”

Our March 1999 rebuttalof the biologists’ belief that subsis-tence hunting and conservation arecompatible was not well-received bysustainable use proponents.

But our observations wereseconded by Lucy Molleson in theAugust 2003 edition of theInternational Primate ProtectionLeague magazine IPPL News.

“In recent years, immi-grants seeking work have signifi-cantly increased the demand forfood,” wrote Molleson, “Todaythere is more subsistence hunting inthe tropics of Central and SouthAmerica than in any other equatorialregion. Conservative estimates sug-gest that 15 million animals arekilled each year in the BrazilianAmazon. A study in the Madre DeDios region of Peru found that alongthe Las Piedras river,” which meetsthe Tambopata at Puerto Maldonado,

“more than 44 tons of bushmeatwere consumed in logging campslast year alone, including 690endangered white-bellied spidermonkeys. Woolly monkeys mayhave been lost already.

“Combined with habitatloss and fragmentation of the for-est,” Molleson concluded, “evenlight to moderate hunting can quick-ly reduce numbers to the pointwhere they cannot recover.”

ANIMAL PEOPLE w a salso derided by mainstream conser-vationists for pointing out that theAmazon rainforest is not primevalold growth, as is widely supposed,but rather regrowth, covering theremains from cycles of use andexploitation that began long beforethe arrival of chainsaws.

University of Floridaresearcher Michael Heckenberger inthe September 19, 2003 edition ofS c i e n c e presented archaeologicalevidence that the Amazon regionwas heavily populated and cultivatedin pre-Columbian times. Hecken-berger and assistants have unearthedthe remains of 19 technologicallyadvanced agrarian communities inthe upper Xingu region of Brazil.

“The Upper Xingu is thelargest tract of Amazonian foreststill under indigenous management,”noted MSNBC science reporterKathleen Wren. “This brings up thequestion of how to conserve theremaining Amazon. Should the goalbe to preserve a pristine wilderness,or a working landscape that supportsindigenous people?”

Heckenberger pointed outthat “indigenous” and “primitive”are not necessarily the same thing.

“As we dig into theregion,” he said, “we realize that500 years ago it was very different.These people were involved in thesame kinds of cultural innovation aselsewhere in the world. We’re nottalking about the Incan or Romanempires, but in terms of the rest ofEurope, Asia, Africa, the Americasand elsewhere, Amazonians wereno less capable of human culturalinnovation than anyone else.”

This suggests that theirdescendants should be no less capa-ble of developing a way of life todaythat does not depend upon killinganimals. ––M.C.

16 - AN I M A L PEOPLE, October 2003

Puerto Maldonado, a Peruvian Amazon boomtown. (Kim Bartlett)

In honor of the Prophet Isaiah, St. Martin de Porres,

and Albert Schweitzer.––Brien Comerford

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––In honor of Wolf Clifton,

whose art elevates the animalsand the human spirit.

--Michael & Dianne Bahr

TRIBUTES

Bush policy & bushmeat (from page 1)

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ANIMAL P EOPLE, October 2003 - 17

18 - ANIMAL PEOP L E, October 2003

knowhow. Each has unique qualities.The Beijing Human & Animal Environmental

Education Center, winning the most U.S. and European grantsupport, is among the most attractive shelters that A N I M A LPEOPLE has ever visited, with good road access even thoughit is at the extreme northern edge of the city.

The Animal Rescue Branch of the EnvironmentalProtection Association shelter, at the northeast corner ofBeijing, and the Association for Small Animal Protection shel-ter, in Changping, even farther to the north, are relatively dif-ficult to reach, over poorly marked dirt roads.

The Animal Rescue Branch, however, has made apromising beginning toward renovating property donated by theBeijing Sherwood International Equestrian Club into facilitiesmuch like those of the Beijing Human & AnimalEnvironmental Education Center.

The Association for Small Animal Protection hasmade a comparably promising start at a former pig farm––including opening the first pet cemetery in the Beijing area.

Each shelter offers the resident animals more space,light, and companionship than most U.S. shelters, and eachhas room to grow.

The Animal Rescue Branch of the EnvironmentalProtection Association has extensive experience at providingveterinary care to the public. Founder Wu Tianyu was original-ly an economist, but retrained as a veterinarian. Until mid-2003 her organization focused on providing pet sterilization andother out-patient pet care at a storefront hospital that wasrecently expropriated by a roadbuilding project.

With more than 100 active members, the AnimalRescue Branch has the largest and most active volunteer corpsof any of the Beijing shelters, and would be the logical choiceto operate a downtown animal hospital, if a site could befound, on behalf of all of them.

The Association for Small Animal Protection has thebest downtown office suite, on the third floor of a midtownhotel, and has been the most successful at winning supportfrom private enterprise.

Founder Betty Zhao, whose given name is Zhao XiaoQin, is a non-practicing university-trained veterinarian, barelyhalf the age of any of the other shelter founders. She has thedisconcerting habit of saying “breeding” when she means “pet-keeping,” and ANIMAL PEOPLE observed that cat careunder her direction was not as well-informed as dog care.

Among the few things that the founders of the otherthree Beijing shelters are unanimous about is that they conflictwith Betty Zhao, mainly over “commercialism”––but A N I-MAL PEOPLE found that Zhao seemed to be quick to learn,when given better information about how to group cats toimprove sociability, how to treat feline conjunctivitis, how totreat and prevent mange, and how to keep a potbellied pigphysically and mentally fit.

Most of these skills are simply not taught at the agri-culture-oriented Chinese veterinary schools.

Fundraising & outreachNone of the four Beijing shelters are financially

secure. None have even begun to develop strong communitysupport, and none are comfortable yet about soliciting fundsfrom the public. China has little tradition of public charity,though the concept has been introduced to address other socialproblems, and the shelter founders worry that seeking funds tohelp animals may not be well-received. They fear that placingdonation cans and mailing appeal letters, for example, mightbe misconstrued as begging, long decried by the Communistgovernment as “parasitism.”

Yet the four shelters demonstrated their value toBeijing during the spring 2003 Severe Acute RespiratorySyndrome panic. They were at the forefront of the public edu-cation effort, at least informally, answering thousands of callsfrom frightened petkeepers and accepting hundreds of dogs andcats who might otherwise have been dumped in the streets.

Everywhere in Beijing are fashion-oriented storesselling clothing and accessories, attesting by their presence tothe growing economic strength and independence of young,mostly single or childless working women.

Around the world, ever since female donors includ-ing the future Queen Victoria helped to build the institution thatbecame the Royal SPCA, the emergence of well-funded animaladvocacy charities has always closely followed the economicemancipation of working women. Even when men held all theexecutive positions, women have historically constituted morethan 80% of the animal protection donor base.

Women hold all the executive positions with theBeijing shelters.

Lu Di, 71 according to one published source and 76according to another, founded the China Small AnimalProtection Association in 1988, winning official nonprofit sta-tus in 1992. Reputedly the first Beijing shelter operator, hous-ing more than 400 dogs and 100 cats at her shelter site, Lu Diis quoted often by news media, including The New YorkTimes. China Daily reporter Ye Jun profiled her—and countedher animals—shortly before ANIMAL PEOPLE visited.

Lu Di is a retired professor of ancient literature at theRenmin (People’s) University of China. After deceased dicta-tor Mao tse Tung took power, Lu Di––a generationyounger––was for a time his teacher and associate. But she wasimprisoned during the Cultural Revolution, with only a cat forcompany. When she was released and returned to teaching,she dedicated her life to helping animals.

Interviewing Li Du at her apartment on the RenminUniversity campus, listening to her recite a litany of unfoundedallegations against the heads of other organizations, ANIMALPEOPLE was alarmed at the conditions under which she keptmore than 50 cats, 30 dogs, several caged birds, a chicken,and a monkey confined to a cage that is much too small––con-ditions much more like an “animal hoarding” situation than areputable animal shelter.

Lu Di is reportedly heavily in debt to feed and carefor all the animals, but there appeared to be two donated com-puters going unused as well as stacks of unopened boxes whichmight contain donated supplies. Lu Di told Ye Jun that she hasattracted 1,600 dues-paying members over the years, whopledge $7.22 annually, but most have dropped out after justone or two years.

Also in 1988, Wu Tianyu, 60, founded the AnimalRescue Branch of the Environmental Protection Association.Her impetus, volunteer Wu Haiyan told ANIMAL PEOPLE,was her outrage at seeing wild birds netted for sale as meat andby seeing a friendly yellow dog being bludgeoned to death infront of her keeper.

Beijing Human & Animal Environmental EducationCenter founder Zhang Luping started her shelter more recently.

Wu Tianyu and Zhang Luping have in common thattheir facilities are conspicuously clean.

Wu Tianyu, called Miss Wu, is outgoing andrevered by her growing numbers of volunteers, who say she isthe only person Lu Di will ever listen to. Wu Tianyu herself isless certain of that.

Zhang Luping is contrastingly quiet. She smiles a lot.Like Wu Tianyu, she radiates strength of character, but whileWu Tianyu seems to be the human incarnation of one of theenergetic white Pekinese dogs who fill the Beijing shelters,Zhang Luping is serenely feline.

The price of petkeeping Lu Di, Wu Tianyu, Zhang Luping, and Betty Zhao

are agreed about the basic problems of petkeeping in Beijing.Summarized Ye Jun in July 2003, “The city charges

$602 U.S. for a dog license, and an extra $240 annual registra-tion fee. This is simply too much for many residents. As ofJune 2003, there were about 130,000 licensed dogs in Beijing,according to the Beijing Dog Limitation Office, but accordingto one estimate 40% of the dogs in Beijing are not licensed.”

Even that estimate turned out to be wildly optimistic.In early September the Beijing Municipal Bureau of PublicSecurity acknowledged that the actual city dog population isabout 1.4 million, meaning that not even 10% are licensed.

“The fact that only rich people can afford to keeplicensed dogs is not in line with the principle of social equity,”Lu Di told Ye Jun.

In September 2003 the Beijing municipal governmentagreed, in accord with Bureau of Public Security recommenda-tions, to reduce the dog licensing fee to $120, and to cut theannual registration fee to $60.

At the same time the previous prohibition on keepingany dog more than 14 inches high was replaced with a ban onkeeping any of 41 specific breeds that are officially believed tobe dangerous or commonly problematic for other reasons, suchas loud barking or boisterous behavior. Among the bannedbreeds are Dalmatians, German shepherds, pit bull terriers,collies, and Old English sheepdogs.

Beyond the legal and economic difficulties of pet-keeping, there are also logistic issues. Beijing, with 13 mil-lion human residents, has twice as many people as New YorkCity, sprawling for more miles in all directions than Houston.Already Beijing may have as many petkeepers as New YorkCity, though fewer than half as many pets because relativelyfew Beijing petkeepers have multiple animals.

The growing numbers of Beijing petkeepers urgentlyneed support services of every kind, including pet care instruc-tion, access to sterilization and vaccination clinics, and accessto pet supplies. Limited selections of basic pet care supplies areavailable in most neighborhoods, but there are as yet no petsupply superstores.

Equally problematic from a humane perspective, inall of Beijing there is not even one centrally located and easilyaccessible place to adopt a pet.

That’s why Beijing needs PETsMART, or somethinglike it.

Most pet dogs and cats in Beijing still come from

backyard breeders or as giveaways. Some are sold by smallconventional pet stores. The pet adoption concept is notunknown, but has barely begun to be promoted.

Beijing as yet has no pet overpopulation. More thanfifty years of official discouragement of petkeeping, reinforcedby frequent dog massacres, ensured that dog-keepers do not lettheir animals roam out of sight. Random breeding occurs, butat the end of a leash, and so far the supply of offspring has notmarkedly exceeded the fast-growing demand for pets to fill theempty spaces in homes and lives left by the one-child-per-fami-ly limit in effect since 1979.

The Beijing shelters do not receive many puppies.Mostly they take in poorly trained year-old dogs who have losttheir homes in apartment blocks because too many neighborscomplained. Even the influx during the SARS panic camelargely by demand of apartment block managers or because pet-keepers feared harm to their animals from terrified neighbors.

Cats, officially better tolerated than dogs, are stillallowed to roam for the most part, but cats who survive theheavy Beijing traffic are at constant risk from eating poisonedmice and rats. According to the ANIMAL PEOPLE counts,dogs with homes outnumber cats by about eight-to-one. Theratio drops to about five-to-one in older neighborhoods withless traffic, more open storefronts, and more garden space.

Dog meat in BeijingTheft of dogs and cats for human consumption

occurs, but is rare enough that it shocked and outraged theBeijing public when exposed in early 2000 by one of the localtelevision stations. The story spread to international printmedia. Zhang Luping told London Daily Telegraph correspon-dent David Rennie that she had lost six cats to restaurant sup-pliers who baited their traps with live sparrows. Lu Di toldNew York Times correspondent Erik Eckholm that cats hadbeen stolen from 500 families in six months.

Most of the reportage associated the thefts with therecent influx into Beijing of job-seekers from the Cantonese-speaking south––and in particular, with the opening ofCantonese-style cat meat restaurants.

Recorded in Guangdong since the 14th century, cat-eating is relatively rare in the rest of China. Dog-eating occursthroughout heavily populated southern China, and in the north-eastern coastal regions, close to Korea, but is less accepted inthe Mandarin-speaking northern interior.

“There are dog meat restaurants in Beijing, and someare famous,” Animal Rescue Branch volunteer Wu Haiyan toldANIMAL PEOPLE, naming three. One restaurant specializesin southern-style dog meat. Another, specializing in the“northeast China cooking style,” Wu Haiyan said, operates atmultiple locations, including as the house restaurant in severaldowntown hotels.

But not all dog meat restaurants profit. Wu Haiyanrecalled one that opened in her own neighborhood last year. Itwas not popular, and within a few months dropped dog meatfrom the menu.

Beijing natives mostly speak Mandarin. Many asso-ciate dog-and-cat eating with rural poverty and backwardness.

Mandarin is the official first language of China, butCantonese may be spoken at home by more people. Both arelanguages of the ethnic Han, who make up from 91% to 95%of the Chinese population.

The Korean people are also chiefly descended fromthe Han, but their language is farther removed from whateverorigin it may share with Mandarin and Cantonese, and is dis-putedly placed by some linguists in the Altaic group, with theTurkish and Mongol languages.

The cultural differences among Mandarin,Cantonese, and Korean speakers might be compared to the dif-ferences among U.S. northerners, southerners, and Hispanics.

Which language or accent a person uses does not byitself define how that person views animals, but much as coon-hunters are more likely to be southern Americans and cock-fighters are more likely to be southern or Hispanic, the dog-eating minority of Chinese are more likely to speak Cantoneseor Korean, while Mandarin speakers are more likely to keep a

Along with almost every article from back editions, the ANIMAL PEOPLE web site offers translations of

key items into French and Spanish...the Lewyt Award-winning heroic and compassionate animal stories...veterinary info links... handbooks for downloading...fundraising how-to...our guide to estate planning...short biographies and photos of the people behind

ANIMAL PEOPLE ... and more items added monthly!www.animalpeoplenews.orgWu Tianyu. (Kim Bartlett)

(continued on page 19)

Zhang Luping. (Kim Bartlett)

KOROR, Palau––Shark-hunting of any kind is ille-gal within 50 nautical miles of any part of the western Pacificisland nation of Palau, effective since mid-September 2003.

The shark-hunting ban is part of a new nationalmarine conservation law that also “protects reef fish, sea tur-tles, rays, and any marine mammal from foreign fishing,”Agence France-Press reported.

“A bold move for a developing nation struggling tobalance generating tax revenue with environmental protection,”Agence France-Press observed, the new law may prove diffi-cult to enforce. Whether Palau has enough patrol boats and air-craft to intercept alleged violators remains to be seen.

However, the new law is a sweeping first victory forthe Micronesian Shark Foundation, formed in April 2003 byBoston University marine biologist Philip Lobel in partnershipwith Fish ‘n Fins, a Palauan firm that outfits diving expeditionsand promotes diving tourism.

Palauan native Francis Toribong opened Fish ‘n Finsas the first local dive shop in 1972, inspired by a visit to Palauseveral years earlier by the late Jacques Cousteau.

“Toribong and Fish ‘n Fins supported scientist BillHamner in researching Jelly Fish Lake and other marine lakesin Palau,” the Fish ‘n Fins web site recounts. “In 1996

Toribong starred in the IMAX documentary The Living Sea.”Retiring in 1998, Toribong turned Fish ‘n Fins over

to around-the-world sailors Tova Har-El and Navot Bornovski,who came to Palau in 1986.

Shark fishers typically keep only the fins, which sellfor high prices in Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and otheraffluent Pacific Rim cities. The rest of each shark is usuallydiscarded, sometimes still alive, to avoid filling hold spacewith remains of relatively low commercial value. The harm toslow-reproducing shark populations is multiplied further bytrans-shipment, the practice of transferring catches to transportvessels for relay to market when the fishing vessels are refueledand resupplied from islands closer to the fishing zones. Thisenables the fishing vessels to fish continuously.

Envirowatch, of Hawaii, and WildAid, of SanFrancisco, can also claim a share of the credit for the newPalauan marine conservation law.

Envirowatch founder Carroll Cox first challengedshark and turtle hunting, and other exploitation of Palaunwildlife, in the early 1990s, as a then-special investigator forthe U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. His photographic documenta-tion of the trans-shipment of shark fins by Japanese vessels vis-iting Hawaii was instrumental in winning a June 2000 ban on

possessing shark fins without a shark carcass in any U.S.waters. This extended a 1993 ban which had applied only tothe Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico.

Seeking to halt shark finning, especially in the west-ern Pacific, is also a focal issue for WildAid, formed in late1999 by Suwanna Gauntlet of the Barbara Delano Foundation,Steven Galster of the Global Survival Network, EnvironmentalInvestigation Agency cofounder Peter Knights, and SteveTrent, who started the Environmental Justice Foundation.

B E I J I N G––Appalled by the dog-killing theyrecently witnessed in eight provinces of southern China, offi-cials of the China Health Ministry and Agriculture Ministryare recommending that future rabies control efforts shouldfocus on vaccination, a well-placed source told A N I M A LPEOPLE on October 10, 2003.

The China Daily on September 3 blamed “theincreasing number of dogs and mismanagement of the caninepopulation, including insufficient and improprer vaccinationagainst rabies” for the deaths of 550 people in the first sixmonths of 2003, 90 more than in the first six months of 2002.

The most rabies deaths occurred in Guangdong: 74total, 46 of them in the Maoming area. As many as 60,000dogs were reportedly killed in a futile effort to contain theoutbreak, which closely followed the SARS panic. At least12 more Guangdong residents, including six children, diedfrom rabies in August.

“Although there is demand for dog meat, only 20%of the dogs in Guangdong have been vaccinated againstrabies,” Agence France-Presse noted, hinting thereby thatthe outbreak involved the dog meat farms and markets.

Earlier ANIMAL PEOPLE observed that the scaleof the killing was far greater than was claimed during previ-ous purges of pet dogs, and speculated that rabies hademerged at the dog meat farms and markets.

Relaying up-to-date information about vaccinationto Chinese health officials and news media, as described inthe October 2003 editorial (page 3), ANIMAL PEOPLEmay have helped to avert a dog massacre that reporters toldus was planned in Henan province in early September.Ostensibly meant to prevent the spread of rabies, the killingwas to exempt dog meat farms and markets on the pretensethat the unvaccinated dogs meant for human consumptionwere already “quarantined” in close confinement.

ANIMAL PEOPLE raised the possibility that theplanned massacre was actually intended to discourage keep-ing dogs as pets, which could be expected to raise sympathyfor dogs raised as meat.

ANIMAL PEOPLE was told that Henan thendenied having planned to kill dogs. Whether any dogs werekilled could not be confirmed from the available sources.

AN I M A L PEOPLE, October 2003 - 19

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China may push vaccina-Hong Kong evicts big dogs from public housing

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pet dog or cat as a self-defining aspect oflifestyle, associated with affluence, indepen-dence, and sophistication.

To be sure, Cantonese and Koreanspeakers in Beijing are rarely from the best-educated and most affluent strata. Most arepoor people who came to the big city to fillmenial jobs that few urban-born people want.

About two-thirds of the Cantoneseand North Korean influx are believed to beyoung men, often blamed by Beijing mediafor offenses from littering and public drunken-ness to violent crime––not that disorder of anysort is conspicuous.

An indicative poster appeared inBeijing during the SARS panic: a warningagainst public spitting, showing a black catrunning away from an expectorating youth.The public was meant to sympathize with thecat––which could not have happened in a citywhere cat-eating was acceptable. The posterequated spitting with mistreating cats, andassociated both with uncouth behavior.

Whether eating dogs, cats, andwildlife is disfavored by most Mandarinspeakers because it is seen as a Cantonesepractice, or whether the Cantonese are disfa-vored partly because they eat dogs, cats, andwildlife, ANIMAL PEOPLE observed as farsouth as Chengdu, a two-hour flight fromBeijing, that the mostly Mandarin-speakingresidents often took pride in showing off awell-kept dog or storefront cat.

Those who knew that they were seenby westerners would often smile at the animal

and nod, or pet the animal if within reach.An indicative incident occurred one

evening in a restaurant district close to theForbidden City, the ancient Beijing capitoldistrict. The staff at a small bar had two six-week-old kittens in a cardboard box, takingcare of them as best they could.

Found on the street earlier that day,one kitten was quite lively, but the other wasdehydrated and listless. The bar staffexplained that they could not keep the kittensat the bar for much longer. Our translator/guide, Irene Zhang, referred to us by IFAW,agreed to take the kittens home that night. Wewould then take them to Betty Zhao, whoseshelter we were visiting in the morning.

A block down the street the femaleowner of a larger and more prosperous barrushed out to ask if she could adopt one of thekittens as a companion to her older cat, whowas wandering around the patio and obviouslythought he owned the place, since everyonepresent paid him tribute with pats and treats.

ANIMAL PEOPLE publisher KimBartlett agreed that the bar owner could takethe healthier kitten. When she did, all thepeople inside the bar came out to admire him.

A quarter mile beyond, across thechain of lakes that winds through centralBeijing, in a mercantile neighborhood,Bartlett and Zhang entered a three-story gro-cery store to buy baby food for the remainingkitten. Wolf Clifton, 13, remained outsideholding the kitten. If he had been able tospeak Mandarin, he could probably have

made the acquaintance of at least 50 peoplewho stopped for an admiring look at the kitten,including many young women. Three youngmen in karate uniforms, carrying athletic bags,also seemed to be kitten-lovers.

No one acted alarmed or afraid. Noone rubbed his own stomach and said “Goodsoup,” as a man pretending to be Chinese

once did when ANIMAL PEOPLE e d i t o rMerritt Clifton held a kitten in a similar situa-tion in downtown Montreal. WhateverChinese attitudes toward animals have tradi-tionally been, in Beijing they are clearlychanging. ––M.C.

Betty Zhao. (Kim Bartlett)

Contact info:Animal Rescue Branch of the Environ-mental Protection Association, Attn: MsWu Tianyu, Room 4-4-101, Ta Yuan XiaoQu, Haidian District, Beijing, PeoplesRepublic of China; telephone 86-10-6206-3662; fax 86-10-6204-0988; e-mail<arb_welcome@yahoo.com.cn>.Association for Small Animal Protection,Attn: Mrs. Betty Zhao, Rm 2688 Jing MinHotel, No.10 Huayanli Changyang District,Beijing 100029, Peoples Republic of China;telephone 86-10-6204-8761; fax: 86-10-6204-8732; e-mail<bettyzhao@vip.sina.com> or<asap@chinapetzone.com>; <www.chi-napet-zone.com>.Beijing Human and Animal EnvironmentalEducation Centre, Attn: Ms. Zhang Lüping,No.22 XiSiBeiLiuTiao, Xicheng District;Beijing 100034, Peoples Republic of China;telephone 86-10-6178-6778; fax 86-10-6 1 7 9 - 1 9 0 6 ; e-mai l<zhangyi45@mail.china.com>; <www.ani-malschina.org>.

China Small Animal Protection Assn.,Attn: Mrs. Lu Di, No.30, Building I, JingYuan, China Renmin University, Beijing

HONG KONG––The HongKong Housing Authority on September25, 2003 approved new rules, recom-mended by the regional government,that will ban from public housing anydogs weighing more than 40 pounds andany dogs acquired after August 1.

Possession of the dogs prior toAugust 1 must be verified by licensing,vaccination, or sterilization certificates.All dogs must be licensed, vaccinated,sterilized, and registered with theHousing Authority by the end ofNovember.

Dogs will be excluded fromelevators from 7 a.m. until 9 p.m., andwill be evicted if they occasion two veri-fied complaints.

Pigeons, wildlife, and domes-ticated farm animals remain excluded,as under the previous regulations.

Cats, cage birds, rabbits, tur-tles, and fish continue to be permitted.

About 30% of Hong Kong res-idents live in public housing.

Heatedly debated since May,the new rules represent the first signifi-cant update of the Housing Authority

provisions pertaining to animals in 40years, Hong Kong legislator David ChuYu-lin told the Asia for Animals confer-ence in early September.

The original rules, Chu Yu-linsaid, were written to address problemswith peasants resettled from land expro-priated for government projects in theNew Territories, who were given apart-ments to replace their former home-steads, and would arrive with all theirpigs, chickens, and sometimes goats.

Problems with dogs, Chu Yu-lin added, were never anticipated,because few Hong Kong residents keptdogs in those days.

The Housing Authority pro-posed banning all pets in May, at theheight of the SARS panic, but scaledback the ban under sustained criticismfrom the Hong Kong SPCA and theHong Kong Veterinary Association.Local singing star Karen Mok Man-wairecorded a song protesting the ban,authored by her brother Trevor Mok.

Hong Kong Dog Lovers’Group president Ivy Chan told the SouthChina Morning Post that a survey of 16

veterinarians found that 34 dogs and 17cats had been killed at request of theirkeepers from fear that the keepers wouldbe evicted.

Amid the debate, the HongKong SPCA reported a decrease of 15%in the number of healthy homeless ani-mals it killed in the year since it beganphasing out animal control duties, alongwith an increase of 250 in adoptions.What that meant overall, however, wasunclear because statistics were not avail-able from the Agriculture, Fisheries,and Conservation Department, whichnow has the primary responsibility foranimal control.

The transition out of animalcontrol, organizing the Asia for Animalsconference, and contesting the newHousing Authority rules took a toll onthe Hong Kong SPCA, including theMarch resignation of executive directorChris Hanselman and the September exitof his successor, Winnie Sek Wai-yu.

Veterinarian Pauline Taylor,who served as interim director betweenHanselman and Sek Wai-yu, was namednew executive director on September 10.

The Wilderness Family, as pub-lished in the U.S. and Britain, is actually twoformer South African best sellers combinedunder one cover. The first book, Mahlangeni,appeared in 1994. All Things Wild &Wonderful followed in 1996.

Both are autobiographical accountsof the lives of Kruger National Park ranger’swife Kobie Kruger and family.

Inspired by Born Free, the autobi-ography of the late Kenyan wildlife advocateJoy Adamson, Kobus and Kobie Kruger in1980 took over management of the remoteMahlangeni ranger station, taking their threeyoung daughters with them into the bush.

The half of The Wilderness Familythat was originally issued as Mahlangeni cov-ers the Krugers’ 11 years at the station in

vignettes often centered around their relation-ships with local wildlife. They rescue, reha-bilitate, and release various animals, toleratesome who make pests of themselves, shoot toscare rather than kill a potentially homicidalhippo, fight poachers, and Kobus is much dis-tressed when he shoots a rampaging elephantto save himself.

He appears to have a very differentoutlook from much of the rest of the SouthAfrican wildlife management establishment,whose heavy-handed support of trophy hunt-ing, the sale of ivory from culled elephants,complicity with canned hunts, predator con-trol killing of foxes, jackals, and caracals,and opposition to wildlife rescue are notorious.

After a November 1990 transfer tothe Crocodile Bridge tourist camp area, the

Kruger family tried to reprise the Born Freestory in earnest. All Things Wild & Wonderfulclosely follows their rehabilitation of anorphaned lion cub––and their discovery thatthere is no wild habitat available for captive-reared lions these days, nor many openings atreputable sanctuaries.

The usual fate of captive-rearedlions, the Krugers learned, is death at acanned hunt.

The Krugers found a seeminglydecent captive habitat for their young lion atthe Pamuzinda Wildlife Park in Zimbabwe, abranch of the Lion & Cheetah Park founded byViv Bristow and family in 1968. The Krugers’lion was used to breed more lions, however,and may have been among the 34 lions andhundreds of other animals who were seized in

early September 2003 by “war veterans” whooverran the Lion & Cheetah Park. Previousseizures of similar facilities have almostalways brought massacres of the animals.

The Krugers learn that Born Freecannot be reprised. The Wilderness Familyspends little time drawing conclusions fromtheir experience, yet the lessons between thelines are clear. ––M.C.

Animal Control Management: AGuide for Local Governments has been muchexpanded and updated since the 1993 report ofthe same title on which the current edition isbased, but the most significant expansion is abroadening of mind, toward accepting theroles of privately funded no-kill animal shel-ters and neuter/return feral cat control.

Compiled by Geoffrey L. Handy andother personnel at the Humane Society of theUnited States, Animal Control Management isnot an official HSUS publication, yet may beseen as the HSUS “gospel” on animal care-and-control. At least until the next editionappears, it will stand with the 2001 revision ofthe National Animal Control AssociationTraining Guide as “the book” for the animalcontrol field.

As such, Animal Control Manage-m e n t closely parallels the NACA TrainingGuide, but this is not to say that the two vol-umes are equal or identical. Compiled by asingle author, Animal Control Management isa quicker read; the NACA Training Guide,anthologizing numerous well-respectedexperts, offers greater depth on focal topics.Animal Control Management is somewhatmore preoccupied with regulation, and spendsmuch less page space on actual animal han-dling and health care. Both books have addedextensive sections on disaster preparation andrelief. Neither is up-to-date in discussing shel-ter design, and neither even mentions theadvantages of using storefront-grade plateglass rather than chain link to divide dog ken-nels. Among these advantages are easier sani-tation and a vastly quieter shelter, since glassmarkedly reduces the tendency of dogs tobecome excited by odors.

Three noteworthy faults of A n i m a lControl Management are holdovers of dogma

which should have been discarded. The first is the argument that pit bull

terriers are not uniquely dangerous. A n i m a lControl Management on page 8 states that,“More than half of 20 pit bull-related fatalitiesinvestigated in detail by HSUS in recent yearsinvolved male owners associated with dog-fighting or other criminal activity.”

This is misleading and disingenuous,since 20 is only a tiny fraction of the 770 life-threatening or fatal pit bull attacks logged byANIMAL PEOPLE since 1982, among1,660 total life-threatening dog attacks occur-ring in the U.S. and Canada over the sametime, and is less than a third of the 65 pitbull-related fatalities, the overwhelmingmajority of which have involved dogs kept aspets under typical household conditions. Infact, the ANIMAL PEOPLE log excludesattacks by dogs trained for fighting, guarding,or police work, to avoid any breed-specificbias which might result from the predomi-nance of any breed in a job using trained dogs.

Sooner or later, the animal care-and-control and animal advocacy communitiesmust recognize that if pit bulls are to be savedas a breed, they will have to be regulated inacknowledgement that they are behaviorallydifferent enough from most other dogs to posea significantly higher risk to the public, alongwith Rottweilers, Akitas, and several lesser-known breeds that show up disprorportionallyoften in the life-threatening attack data.

If government agencies and the non-profit sector lack the stomach to do this in ahumane manner, the insurance industry will,in a dollars-and-cents manner, as many insur-ance carriers already have by refusing to insurehomeowners if they keep any of a long list ofdog breeds, many of them demonstrably notoften appearing in the attack statistics.

The second fault of note in A n i m a lControl Management is repeating unfoundedpraise of a 1991 breeding control ordinancepassed in San Mateo County, California.Revolutionary in sweep when introduced, theSan Mateo ordinance amounted to little morethan ordinary differential licensing when actu-ally passed.

“In 1999 the county’s major shelterreported a 25% decline in the number of ani-mals it has handled since passage of the ordi-nance and a 34% decline in the number of ani-mals the shelter has euthanized,” A n i m a lControl Management gushes. But the samecould have been said for the U.S. as a wholeover the same years, and the neighboring cityof San Francisco achieved even more remark-able drops in shelter intake and animal killingwith no such ordinance in effect.

Finally, on page 48, A n i m a lControl Management advises that “A sheltershould encourage the public to bring stray andunwanted animals to its facility,” adding that,“Some agencies provide drop-off boxes for useafter hours. If the animal deposit area is prop-erly designed and managed, it may preventabandonment by allowing people to relinquishanimals at their convenience and without ques-tion.” True, but the passage should havedescribed how a drop-off box should bedesigned and managed, since there have beenso many problems with such facilities thatNACA no longer recommends their use.Animal Control Management should furtherhave noted that it is far preferable for a shelterto be open at all times to receive animals, ifpossible, and if not, to at least be staffedevenings and weekends.

Apart from these three weak pas-sages, Animal Control Management is a use-ful and helpful handbook. ––M.C.

Among the many “sanctuary” projects involvingtigers that appear to have more entertainment and fundraisingvalue than either humane or conservation merit, possibly themost bizarre is the effort of South African wildlife film makersJohn and Dave Varty to “save” tigers by introducing captive-born specimens to the “wild” at their game ranch.

The idea, supposedly, is to prepare the tigers andtheir descendants to return to freedom in China, on the eve ofthe 2008 Olympic Games, if China can protect enough habitatand prey for the tigers to survive.

The Varty brothers call their 18-square-mile ranchthe Tiger Moon Wildlife Sanctuary, but South Africa––likethe U.S.––does not legally recognize sanctuaries as entitieswith a purpose distinct from keeping wildlife for hunting,meat, or exhibition. Unlike the U.S., South Africa even pro-hibits keeping some native species except for commercial use.The Kalahari Wildlife Center, Enkosini Wildlife Sanctuary,SealAlert, and at least three nonhuman primate rescue facili-ties have accordingly fought for years in court for the right tokeep caracals, jackals, lions, fur seals, vervets, and baboonswhose injuries or conditioned reliance upon human feedingpreclude returning them to the wild.

In 2000 the Vartys imported two young tigers andtrainer Dave Salmoni from the Bowmanville Zoo in Ontario.

Opened in 1919, the Bowmanville Zoo has receivedcritical reviews from Zoocheck Canada since 1986, in partbecause it allows tigers––common in captivity––to breed.

The Vartys in early 2001 obtained $4 million infunding from British philanthropists Li Quan and StewartBray, who founded an organization called Save The Tigers.

Quan and Bray “agreed to pay China $100,000 a year until2007,” according to David Wilson of the South ChinaMorning Post, in exchange for a “supply of cubs fromChinese zoos.”

But the relationship among the Vartys, Quan, andBray fractured before the end of 2002. Quan and Bray accusedthe brothers of fraud. In April 2003 the Vartys won a restrain-ing order from the Johannesburg High Court against Quan,Bray, and four “strongmen” whom Quan and Bray allegedlyhired to try to take control of the project back from the Vartys.

The Varty brothers continue to work with theBowmanville Zoo tigers. Threatening to sue the brothers,Quan and Bray meanwhile started their own 500-acre tiger-rehab-in-South Africa project. On September 1, 2003, theyreceived two tigers from the Shanghai Zoo.

Among the evident conceptual flaws in either ver-sion of the scheme are that tigers are not native to South Africaand not adapted to the dry South African climate; SouthAfrica lacks adequate wild prey for native feline predatorssuch as the lion, leopard, cheetah, and caracal, who need noadded food competition; and tigers released in China wouldnot occupy habitat even remotely resembling the veldt.

Living With Tigers , produced by the Vartys,demonstrates many reasons for skepticism about the TigerMoon project, but presents each dubious aspect with a gush ofenthusiasm which evidently kept the Discovery Channel exec-utives from asking all the questions they should have.

Salmoni and Dave Varty are repeatedly shown cud-dling and playing with the tigers in a manner opposite to stan-dard wildlife rehabilitation technique, in which contact withhumans is minimized and discouraged. They tow deadantelopes behind a truck for the tigers to pounce, conditioningthe tigers to appear at the sound of vehicles––and perhaps, tostalk tourist jeeps. They keep the brother and sister tigertogether until the female comes into her first heat. They teachthe tigers to hunt as a pack, which no tigers do in the wild.

They repeatedly take meat from the tigers to “showthem who is boss,” feeding them later in camp. This teachesthe tigers to associate human habitation with food.

Eventually the Vartys proclaim success in teachingthe tigers to hunt, after the tigers kill seven springbok whohave been released almost into their mouths. No wild tigerdescribed by Jim Corbett, Billy Arjan Singh, Valmik Thapar,or even Rudyard Kipling ever did such a thing: wild tigershunt to eat, not for sport, and do not risk goring or stompingto kill horned and hooved prey in excess. Indeed, no wildpredator kills to excess, since this would lead to starvation.

The filming itself also raises questions. At one pointa map of Tiger Moon shows that the Orange River bisects it.Later, the tigers “escape” across the river to attack cattle saidto belong to a neighbor. But the tigers are shown in frontalview as they charge out of the river, up an embankmenttoward the cattle. Only if the camera was already between thecattle and the river could that shot have been obtained. If itwas taken at another time, it is not so identified.

It is easy to see possible reasons why Quan and Braywithdrew from the partnership. The likelihood of theBowmanville Zoo tigers ever surviving anywhere in a genuine-ly wild and self-sufficient state appears to be slim, though theillusion that they are living as “wild tigers” on the ranch maybecome a major magnet for photo safari visitors.

Why Quan and Bray are continuing their parallelproject is harder to envision––because even if they avoid themistakes shown in LivingWith Tigers, there still seems to belittle reason to anticipate success.

A competitor project is underway within China. Theofficial Xinhua News Agency announced on September 24 thatthe Northeast China Tiger Park in Harbin, Heilongjiangprovince, had released 30 two-year-old Siberian tiger cubsinto a 40-square-kilometre “natural habitat” to “beef up theirferocity.” This too is a highly artificial situation, but at leastthese tigers are in a semblance of their native habitat. ––M.C.

20 - ANIMAL PEOP LE, Octob e r 2003

Animal Control Management: A Guide for Local Governmentsby Geoffrey L. Handy

International City/County Management Association (777 North Capitol St. N.E., Suite 500, Washington, DC 20002), 2001. 107 pages. Order c/o <http:/bookstore.icma.org>.

Originating from a 1971 internalsplit within the Sierra Club, Earthjusticecalled itself the Sierra Club Legal DefenseFund until 1997. Essentially an environmen-tal law firm structured as a nonprofit activistgroup, Earthjustice mostly sues governmentagencies to seek enforcement of legislationincluding the habitat protection provisions ofthe Endangered Species Act and MigratoryBird Treaty Act.

Facing controversy, bureaucratsoften to do nothing until compelled by thecourts to act—and sometimes, especially inESA cases, political pressures all but pre-vent effective action until judges rule. Manyorganizations pursue such cases, but Earth-justice, now emulated by several others,was the first to file lawsuits as its chief pro-gram function.

While still called the Sierra ClubLegal Defense Fund, the organization pub-lished a previous historical resume of itsactivities in 1989, entitled Wild by Law.Justice on Earth updates that volume andadds coverage of new issues.

Of particular note is that authorTom Turner describes labyrinthine courtcases in a succinct and lucid manner. Justiceon Earth is not quite a crime-thriller, but itwon’t lose anyone with a serious interest inthe issues, especially the serious donors whoare the target audience. —M.C.

Justice on Earth:Earthjustice and

the people it has servedby Tom Turner

Chelsea Green Publishing (distributed by Earthjustice, 416 17th St., Oakland, CA

94161), 2002.224 pages, hardcover. $40.00.

THE WILDERNESS FAMILY: At Home with Africa’s Wildlife by Kobie KrugerBallantine Books (c/o Random House, 299 Park Ave., New York, NY 10171), 2001. 381 pages, hardcover, $26.95.

Living With Tigers Discovery Channel Video

(www.discovery.com), 2003. Two hours. $19.95.

(Kim Bartlett)

Documentation of dogs’ roles in thecourse of human events rarely appears inschool history texts.

Stanley Coren establishes in T h ePawprints of History, however, that dogshave been enormously influential, not only inhelping humans to survive in prehistoric timesand perhaps in shaping our social structure,but also through interventions of various sortsin political and military affairs.

For example, dogs saved the lives ofpeople of historical stature includingNapoleon, the Fifth Dalai Lama, andAlexander the Great. Dogs also provided emo-tional support and encouragement at criticaltimes to Abraham Lincoln, Isaac Newton andMary Stuart, Queen of Scots.

Dogs were a source of inspiration toIvanhoe author Sir Walter Scott and the com-poser Richard Wagner, Coren continues.Sigmund Freud’s dog led Freud to research thebasics of what would later become the widelyrecognised technique of pet-assisted therapy.

Coren claims that the English civilwars of 1642-1646 and 1648, which ended thepreviously much greater power of Englishmonarchs, were partially sparked by thebloodlust of pack hunters King James I and hisson Charles I. Coren explains that James Iordered his envoys to confiscate from his sub-jects any dogs suitable for hunting and dog-fighting. To prevent other people from hunt-ing in the royal forests, which were extendedby expropriations of common holdings andsometimes the private property of others,hunting rights were withdrawn, and large dogsof both landlords and commoners were muti-lated. The population was outraged.

Together with dissatisfaction overthe kings’ other policies, the dog-related regu-lations led eventually to the execution ofCharles I and to the regime of OliverCromwell, who attempted unsuccessfully torepress blood sports.

Dogs have often been misused bysoldiers, Coren notes. The Spanish con-querors of the New World, for instance,trained mastiffs to hunt, subdue, and some-times kill indigenous Americans, whose owndogs were much smaller.

Many U.S. presidents have beenassociated with dogs. Coren believes thatsome presidents used dogs to create a particu-lar public image of themselves, among themAndrew Jackson, William Harrison, WarrenHarding, Herbert Hoover, Richard Nixon,George Bush and Bill Clinton. The booksFred’s Story a n d Millie’s Book, by BarbaraBush, wife of the first President Bush, weresupposedly written by the family spaniel and

pictured Bush as a loving family member andcaring pet guardian, rather than as a life mem-ber of Safari Club International and formerhead of the CIA.

Dogs caused embarrassment to otherpresidents. Gerald Ford, a responsible pet-keeper, once took his dog Liberty for a night“business trip” around the White House lawn.Unfortunately Ford forgot to warn the SecretService agents who were supposed to beguarding him about his late night walk.Meanwhile the security team locked the WhiteHouse for the night. Dressed only in his robe,the President found himself locked out. Hetried to draw the attention of the guards, andended up under searchlights with federalagents pointing guns at him. Coren believesthat the incident added to Ford’s image as abumbler, contributing to his 1976 election lossto Jimmy Carter.

Particularly interesting is Coren’sresearch on dogs’ role in religions, for exam-ple in the formation of the Anglican Church.Most history books describe how Henry VIIIsought divorce from Catherine of Aragón, andappealed to the Pope Clement VII, whorefused to grant the divorce. Outraged, HenryVIII passed the Act of Supremacy (1534),thus denying the Pope any power or jurisdic-tion over the Church of England. He thenreasserted the ancient right of the monarch toexercise supremacy over the Church. Thisevent marked the beginning of the Anglicanchurch as a national church independent ofpapal jurisdiction.

Coren believes that the Pope’s deci-sion to decline Henry’s request of divorcemight have been prompted by the escapade ofa dog who accompanied Henry’s envoy to the

Vatican, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. Corenwrites that the Pope originally favored thedivorce. During the decisive audience, how-ever, before signing the papers, the Popepointed his bare toe at Wolsey. Wolsey was tokiss the toe in obeisance and homage.Protective of his guardian, Wolsey’s dog mis-took the Pope’s move as an act of aggression,rushed to the offender, and bit his foot. ThePope changed his decision on the spot.

In China under the rule of Tzu Hsi(1835-1908) the sacred dogs of ChineseBuddhism––the Pekingese––played an essen-tial role in the choices of the empress, Corencontinues.

“The birth of each litter of dogs wastaken to have special significance that mightreflect upon current or future events. The col-ors and markings of the litter were noted, aswell as the number of puppies born, the orderin which each puppy appeared, and the sex ofeach,” Coren explains.

These signs were vital for Tzu Hsi,and had a special meaning: black fur-colorwas associated with evil, red with happiness,yellow with death, etc. The combination ofthe signs was interpreted, and Tzu Hsi wouldoften base her political decisions on thesetokens of Buddha.”

Thus puppy litter signs encouraged asuccessful coup d’etat during the rule ofKuang Hsu (1871-1908), and helped to insti-gate the Boxer Rebellion (1900). The latterfailed despite the initially favourable interpre-tation of the puppy-litter signs.

Dogs have lived with people for mil-lennia, Coren notes, and despite the many his-torical incidents involving dogs in some man-ner, they have had a far greater influence on

human events through their daily interactionswith us. Dogs had an essential role in the ori-gin of civilization, by furnishing protection forcrops, livestock, and permanent settlements.

Dogs also have their own history,much of it still unknown to humans. There isdispute, for instance, as to whether dogsevolved from wolves, or wolves evolved fromdogs, and whether dogs were domesticatedjust once, in one place and time, or weredomesticated and redomesticated many timesin many places.

“Several wild species of C a n i d a ehave been tamed,” believed Charles Darwin.“Their blood, in some cases mingled together,flows in the veins of our domestic breeds.”

Although genetic research has nowexcluded jackals, coyotes, and foxes from theancestry of domestic dogs, fossil evidenceindicates that dogs already exhibited a varietyof regional traits now identified as “breed”characteristics, including “Asian street dog,”“sight hound,” and “mastiff,” long before thehuman species emerged.

As to the time of domestication,opinions are also divided. Most expertsbelieve dogs were domesticated between tenand twenty thousand years ago. However,some UCLA researchers claim domesticationoccurred as long as a hundred thousand yearsago––or earlier.

Coren is a neuropsychologist andprofessor of psychology at the University ofBritish Columbia. The Pawprints of Historyfollows previous Coren titles including T h eIntelligence of Dogs, What Do Dogs Know,Why We Love The Dogs We Do, and How toSpeak Dog. —Tanja Maroueva

For 12 winters, 1977-1989, I wasvolunteer assistant to a now deceased Quebecdeputy game warden in a rural townshipwhose farmers had virtually all posted theirland against trapping. I combined my morn-ing crosscountry runs with patrolling between50 and 60 miles per week of woodlots,streams, and riverbanks, scouting for illegaltraplines. The region was rich in fox, coyote,raccoon, muskrat, and sometimes beaver,and pelt prices were at their 20th centurypeak. Thus the farms continually attractedtrappers, despite the posting signs. The trap-pers appeared to consider their trap losses tomy patrols a routine cost of doing business.

Over the years I became familiarwith standard trapping methods and equip-ment––and found that the cruelty of trappingwas actually understated by animal rights lit-erature. The late Animal Welfare Institutefounder Christine Stevens, for example,claimed that cable snares are less cruel thanleghold traps, having probably never seenreal-life cable snaring.

Animal advocates finally got to seesome of what really happens on traplines withthe 2002 release of Crying Shame, a five-minute collection of clips from U.S. andCanadian government tests of standard trapsand techniques produced by The Fur-Bearers(3727 Renfrew St., Vancouver, B.C.,Canada V5M 3L7; <furbearers@ban-leghold-traps.com>), but Crying Shame,though suitable for airing on a portable moni-tor at a protest, is more intense and relentlessin depicting animal suffering than most peo-ple will voluntarily watch, and barely delvesinto trapping issues other than cruelty, forexample not offering much to refute the per-petual claim of trappers that furbearing ani-mal populations must be lethally “managed.”

Cull of the Wild includes much ofthe same footage, but breaks it up with infor-mative interviews. Missouri Department ofConservation furbearer biologist DaveHamilton appears to make the same argu-ments that he used in 1995-1996 to roll back aban on the import of trapped fur into theEuropean Union. He is effectively refuted byAssociation of Veterinarians for AnimalRights founder Ned Buyuchimici, DVM,who grew up battling the trappers who perpet-ually invaded the Unexpected WildlifeRefuge, founded by his late parents in centralNew Jersey. Other trappers, biologists,Animal Protection Institute wildlife expertCamilla Fox, and several past and presentMembers of Congress add to the discussion.

Apart from being well-edited andrelatively easily watched, Cull of the Wild isthe first anti-trapping video I have seen thatadequately discusses the differences amongcable snares, Conibear traps, and legholdtraps, both with and without offset jaws andpadding. A quibble is that it repeats the fre-quent misperception that leghold traps are themost common type. Actually, both cablesnares, set mainly for coyote and fox, andConibear traps, set mainly for muskrat,nutria, beaver, and otter, appear to be usedin much greater profusion––and copper wiresnares, not yet discussed by any anti-trappingvideo, may be more often used in someregions than all other trap varieties combined.

Cull of the Wild comes as a two-in-one package, containing both 27-minute and10-minute versions. The short versionincludes everything that really packs a punch,but the long version should be required view-ing for campaigners, as background they mayfind indispensable in debating trappers.

––Merritt Clifton

A N I M A L P EOPLE, October 2003 - 21

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144 pages, 100 color photos, hardcover. $29.95.

The Pawprints of History:Dogs and the course of human events

by Stanley CorenThe Free Press (1230 Avenue of the Americas,

New York, NY 10020), 2002. 322 pages. Hardcover, $26.

Cull of the Wild: The Truth Behind TrappingAnimal Protection Institute (POB 22505, Sacramento, CA 95822), 2003.Video offered on each cassette in both 27-minute and 10-minute versions.

$10.00 each [$7.50 each for 10 or more copies.]The Voyageur Press standard of

accuracy applies even to back cover descrip-tions, to the point that improving on them canbe frustratingly difficult.

“Through vivid photographs andengaging text, Sea Turtles of the World p r o-vides an in-depth look at the natural historyand conservation issues of these prehistoric-looking reptiles,” says the back cover of thisone, noting chapters on green sea turtles, log-gerheads, hawksbills, olive ridley andKemp’s ridley turtles, Australian flatbacks,and leatherbacks.

The only possible argument is thatsea turtles are not just prehistoric-looking.They are in fact prehistoric. Ancestral sea tur-tles go back at least 200 million years, andmany more varieties have come and gone thanare still with us.

The youngest sea turtle variety, theKemp’s ridley, apparently evolved in theCarribean from olive ridleys who were trappedon the Atlantic side of the Ithmus of Panamaafter the shallow sea passage that formerlyseparated North and South America closed forthe last time circa three million years ago.

That makes even Kemp’s ridley seaturtles markedly older than humans, whosepredation and pollution have pushed all seaturtles far enough toward extinction that all arenow globally protected, at least on paper.

In truth, as author/photogapherDoug Perrine briefly discusses, even some sea

turtle conservation programs are contributingto the extirpation of sea turtles from formerlyfavorable habitat. The most conspicuous fail-ures involve “regulated harvests” intended toachieve “sustainable use,” by way of preserv-ing “cultural traditions” in parts of Malaysiaand Mexico. Allowing any legal traffic in seaturtle parts gives cover to poachers, whoinevitably quickly eradicate vulnerable popula-tions in the belief that others will poach anyturtles or eggs left behind.

Consistent with the library-orientedVoyageur Press format, Perrine provides onlybrief summaries of the many sea turtle-relatedcontroversies in the U.S. and abroad, andomits more than passing discussion of most ofthe personalities and organizations who havemade sea turtles a global issue. The lateArchie Carr rates a mention, but not IlaLoetscher, the late pioneer aviator who“retired” in 1958 and for the next 40 years wasthe Turtle Lady of Texas. She looked like aturtle, talked like a turtle, dressed like a tur-tle, and was almost singlehandedly responsi-ble for the sea turtle protection program atPadre Island National Sea Shore.

Perrine notes that green sea tur-tle––who apparently grazed ancient sea grassin vast herds like aquatic bison––have shiftedtheir feeding times in response to human pre-dation, becoming nocturnal where they areheavily hunted, but reverting to diurnal feed-ing wherever they are not hunted. ––M.C.

Sonora Webster Carver, 99, diedon September 21 in Pleasantville, New Jersey,one day after her lifelong friend Josephine K.D e A n g e l i s, 92. Sonora Carver’s father-in-law, W.F. Carver, started the diving horse actat the Steel Pier in Atlantic City, with her hus-band Al as one of the riders, but the act last-ingly captured public interest only after SonoraCarver rode the horse through the 40-footplunge in 1924. DeAngelis and SonoraCarver’s sister Arnette Webster French thenjoined the act, which became a resident attrac-tion at the Steel Pier in 1929. In 1931 SonoraCarver was blinded by detached retinas in abad fall into the water with a horse named RedLips, but continued to ride the diving horsesfor 10 more years. Her 1961 memoir A Girl &Five Brave Horses inspired the 1991 WaltDisney Inc. film Wild Hearts Can’t Be Broken.The Carver act ended in 1978 when the origi-nal Steel Pier was closed. A parallel act at theLake Compounce Amusement Park in Bristol,Connecticut, used a riderless horse. That actreportedly ended long before the park itselfclosed, after 146 years, in 1991. A similarriderless act started in 1977 at Magic Forest inLake George, New York, and is now the tar-get of protests led by Equine Advocates.Former Carver trainer Johnny Rivers started atraveling mule-diving act in 1957, taken overin 1983 by his son, Tim Rivers, of Animals InMotion in Citra, Florida. At first a monkeywas chained to the back of the diving mule.Later the mule dived alone. Tim Rivers in1993 briefly revived the Steel Pier act, at thenew pier, using a mule and a miniature horse.

Rivers fled to evade cruelty charges at leastfive times in six states between 1979 and 2001.Brevard County, Florida, in 1994 passed anemergency bylaw to ban the diving mule act.A bill to ban the act statewide cleared theFlorida House agriculture committee in 1998,but did not advance. In 1999 Rivers escapedcruelty charges brought by Justice for Animalsin North Carolina when the veterinarian whowas to testify against him did not appear. InNovember 2002, however, Rivers drew sixmonths in prison after pleading guilty to ille-gally selling two black leopards, a Bengaltiger, an African lion, and a lion/tiger hybridto a Chicago-based ring that set up cannedhunts and sold meat from rare species. Atleast 14 of the 16 defendants in the case havenow been convicted.

Paula Barnard, kennel manager forthe Domestic Animal Rescue Society inGoodwood, South Africa, was ambushed andstabbed to death by two unidentified men asshe returned to the kennel on October 9 after ashopping trip. The men also stabbed one ofher two daughters. The daughter survivedwith reportedly minor back injuries. “Therewas no robbery––they were just stabbed,”DARG managing director Joy Giovanini toldCape Times reporter Babalo Ndenze Therewas no apparent motive for the attack, whichresembled the September 17 murder of St.Lucia Animal Protection Society founder JaneTipson (page 12). Thirty animals left withouta caretaker were relocated to other kennels,including a DARG facility in Huot Bay.

James Rachels, 62, died of canceron September 9 in Birmingham, Alabama. In1975, at about the same time that Peter Singerpublished Animal Liberation, Rachels pub-lished an influential article entitled Active &Passive Euthanasia in The New EnglandJournal of Medicine. “Along with A n i m a lL i b e r a t i o n, the paper helped start an appliedethics movement in philosophy that focused onpolarizing issues like abortion, animal rights,suicide, and cloning,” remembered AnahadO’Connor of The New York Times.” In some-thing of a role switch, Singer during the 1990swrote less about animal issues and more abouthuman euthanasia, while Rachels in 1991published Created From Animals: the MoralImplications of Darwinism, his most success-ful of five books, which argued that humanevolution from animals implies moral obliga-tions of kinship toward animals.

Roxie Laybourne, 92, died onAugust 7 in Manassas, Virginia. Joining thestaff of the Smithsonian Institution in 1944,after stints with the National FisheriesLaboratory and North Carolina State Museum,Laybourne became perhaps the world’s lead-ing expert on bird identification from forensicevidence. In 1960 she initiated the formalstudy of bird collisions with aircraft after find-ing that a flock of starlings who were suckedinto an engine had caused a crash in Bostonthat killed 62 people. “Over the nextdecades,” wrote Anahad O’Connor of T h eNew York Times, “Laybourne helped identifythousands of birds involved in collisions withaircraft. Her work gave manufacturers infor-mation for designing engines that could flyafter ingesting birds, and helped ornithologiststo prevent flocks from gathering near airports.”Laybourne also used her bird knowledge tohelp the FBI solve at least one murder.Retiring from the Smithsonian in 1988, sheremained active as a consultant to the NationalFish & Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, helpingto convict poachers and bird smugglers.

Nathan Tjiondo, 36, in charge offeeding six lions at the Kavita Lion Lodge inKamanjab, Namibia, was somehow pulledinto the enclosure housing three young lionson September 2 and fatally mauled. The lodgeis headquarters of the Afri-Leo Foundation,formed by Tammy and Uwe Hoth in 1997 to“protect and conserve lions in Namibia.”

Tshikani Nobela, 9, was fatallymauled by a leopard on August 16 at KrugerNational Park, South Africa, two years aftersurviving a leopard attack that severely injuredhis older brother Mothusi. The leopard whoattacked the boys on that occasion killed Kotiede Beer, 49, about an hour later. The boys’father, Phineus Nobels, is a Kruger NationalPark wildlife management advisor.

Timothy Treadwell, 46, and AmieHuguenard, 37, both of Malibu, California,were on October 6 found mauled and partiallyeaten by grizzly bears at their campsite inKatmai National Park & Preserve on theAlaska Peninsula. A video camera capturedthe sounds of their last moments, indicatingthat Treadwell was attacked first, probably byan aged male who was one of two grizzliesshot at the scene by park rangers and statetroopers. Huguenard was apparently killedwhile trying to save Treadwell. Their camp,investigators said, was directly on a heavilyused grizzly corridor. A veteran of 13 sum-mers of camping among the Katmai grizzlies,Treadwell was co-author of Among Grizzlies:Living With Wild Bears in Alaska, made threefeature films about grizzlies and other Alaskanwildlife with Joel Bennett of Juneau, main-tained an extensive web site about grizzlies,was subject of documentaries by the DiscoveryChannel and Dateline NBC, and was inter-viewed about his work with grizzlies by DavidLetterman and Rosie O’Donnell. Huguenardhad camped with him each summer for threeyears. “I’m there to keep poachers and sporthunters away,” Treadwell said in 1999. “I’mmuch more likely to be killed by an angrysport hunter than a bear.”

Tallifer Stanton, 8, of Port Arthur,Texas, drowned on September 6 while tryingto save his cat from a rain-swollen drainageditch. The cat drowned with him. JenniferStanton, 9, was swept away by the currentwhen she tried to grab both of them, but wasseen by workers at a pumping station and wasrescued by a fire department diver. Neitherchild could swim.

Betty Clayton died in late August inAtlanta. A longtime member of the AtlantaHumane Society auxiliary and the AtlantaTheosophical Society, Clayton was remem-bered by fellow activists for pushing a bill toban leghold traps through the Georgia Senatein 1979, though the House killed it with amaneuver that was editorially denounced bythe Atlanta Journal-Constitution, and forhelping to win passage of the 1980 federal billthat created the Arctic National WildlifeRefuge.

John Tucker, 76, died on October27 in Stuart, Florida. A retired Alaskapipeline worker, Tucker had been cited 16times since 1997 for feeding feral cats, andleft a backyard colony of about 40 cats whowere trapped after his death by Martin Countyanimal control. “He did a pretty good job withthem,” animal control officer Christine Polizzitold Palm Beach Post staff writer Pat Moore.“He had all of them vaccinated, and neuteredall he could catch.”

In memory of Cleone Bujalski, devoted animal lover and good friend.

––Larry & Carolyn Emery––Bill & Judy Lindquist

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––In memory of Eddie

who dreamed he could fly.––Everyone at Euro Co.

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––In memory of Matilda, the sweetest dog.

––Kathy Ruopp–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

In memory of Beagle & Domino.–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

In loving memory of Kitty, beloved cat ofArt, Shannon and Ashley.

––Lewis Nierman & April Ponemon

In memory of William, most beloved kitty of Kristin Von Kreisler.

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––To Ken in memory of Rodger––the best littlebuddy in the world. We applaud the courageyou both showed during this difficult journey.

––Love, Lindy & Marvin Sobel–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––In loving memory of my angel, Koala Naomi.

––Jamaka Petzak, "the cat woman of South El Monte"

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

In memory of Blackie, still in my heart, as ever.

––Mary Vail–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

In memory of Purr Box (12/3/87), Prometheus (3/21/81), Friendl (10/30/87),

Lizzie (5/8/84), Boy Cat (12/26/85), Miss Penrose (11/18/98), Duke (11/1/98)

and Blackie (9/9/96).

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ANIMAL PEOP LE, Sep tem ber 2003 - 23