Aniline and Ammonia at Aniline and Ammonia at Buffalo ColorBuffalo Color

Mark WitinskiMark Witinski

George TulevskiGeorge Tulevski

Rick NicholsRick Nichols

Dave SeymourDave Seymour

Buffalo Color CorporationBuffalo Color Corporation

Located on Lee St. and South Park Located on Lee St. and South Park Rd.Rd.

Good standing in the Seneca Good standing in the Seneca Babcock community.Babcock community.

Produces various dyes.Produces various dyes. Sole producer of indigo dye in Sole producer of indigo dye in

North America.North America.

AnilineAniline

Aniline/Benzeneamine (CAniline/Benzeneamine (C66HH55NHNH22) is ) is essential in the production of essential in the production of indigo.indigo.– Semi-volatile organic Semi-volatile organic – Moderate irritant and toxinModerate irritant and toxin– Proven to cause cancer in lab animalsProven to cause cancer in lab animals– Decomposed rapidly by light Decomposed rapidly by light

(t(t1/21/2=6hrs.)=6hrs.)

Ammonia (NHAmmonia (NH33))

Emitted from plant as by-product Emitted from plant as by-product of production of production – Severe irritant of eyes, skin, throatSevere irritant of eyes, skin, throat– Prolonged exposure may cause Prolonged exposure may cause

serious respiratory problemsserious respiratory problems

Sample Collection DesignSample Collection Design

Plant

Offices

Blank Sample

Lee Street

Please note photos of this site found at: Please note photos of this site found at: http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~gardella/sbtour.hhttp://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~gardella/sbtour.htmtm

Sampling Method: AnilineSampling Method: Aniline

NIOSH Method No. P&Cam 127.NIOSH Method No. P&Cam 127. Useful Range 1-10ppm.Useful Range 1-10ppm. EquipmentEquipment

– Personal Sampling Pumps (5)Personal Sampling Pumps (5)– Tygon tubingTygon tubing– Silica Gel Sampling Tubes (9) Silica Gel Sampling Tubes (9)

Pumps calibrated to approx. 1L/min Pumps calibrated to approx. 1L/min flow rate.flow rate.

Operated for 20 minutes.Operated for 20 minutes. Sample tubes were capped and Sample tubes were capped and

stored on dry ice.stored on dry ice. Workup conducted same dayWorkup conducted same day

– Extracted with ethanolExtracted with ethanol– Placed in GCMS Placed in GCMS

Sampling Method: Sampling Method: AmmoniaAmmonia

NIOSH Method P&Cam No. 205.NIOSH Method P&Cam No. 205. Useful range .20mg-1.6mg NHUseful range .20mg-1.6mg NH33 per 20L air. per 20L air. EquipmentEquipment

– Personal air sampling pumps (5)Personal air sampling pumps (5)– Impinger (4)Impinger (4)– Volumetric flasks (5)Volumetric flasks (5)– .1M sulfuric acid .1M sulfuric acid – UV/Vis instrumentUV/Vis instrument– Nessler reagentNessler reagent

Impinger connected to pump using Impinger connected to pump using tubing.tubing.

20L air pulled through impinger 20L air pulled through impinger containing 100mL sulfuric acid.containing 100mL sulfuric acid.

Acid containing NHAcid containing NH33 poured into poured into volumetric flask.volumetric flask.

.10mL Nessler added to each .10mL Nessler added to each samplesample

Samples put in cuvettes and ran Samples put in cuvettes and ran through UV/Visthrough UV/Vis

Calibration: AnilineCalibration: Aniline

Results: AnilineResults: Aniline

No detectable Aniline in any of No detectable Aniline in any of nine samplesnine samples

Possible Reasons:Possible Reasons:– No aniline emission from factoryNo aniline emission from factory– Aniline experiences rapid Aniline experiences rapid

photodegradationphotodegradation OSHA exposure limit: 5ppmOSHA exposure limit: 5ppm

– IDLH: 100ppmIDLH: 100ppm

Calibration: AmmoniaCalibration: Ammonia

Ammonia Calibration

y = 0.0152x - 0.0082

R2 = 0.9621

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0 5 10 15

ppm

Ab

so

rba

nc

e

Results: AmmoniaResults: Ammonia

At hydrant no detectable ammoniaAt hydrant no detectable ammonia At bus stop 1.242 ppm detectedAt bus stop 1.242 ppm detected At flagpole .039 ppm detectedAt flagpole .039 ppm detected Blank Sample (2 blocks away Blank Sample (2 blocks away

outside wind path) -- no ammonia outside wind path) -- no ammonia detecteddetected

Ammonia ConclusionsAmmonia Conclusions

Levels not considered dangerousLevels not considered dangerous OSHA Standards: 50ppm exposure OSHA Standards: 50ppm exposure

limitlimit– IDLH: 300ppmIDLH: 300ppm

Possible reasons for no detection Possible reasons for no detection at hydrantat hydrant– Smokestack high with hydrant close Smokestack high with hydrant close

by (approx. 50M)by (approx. 50M)

ReferencesReferences

OSHA Code of Federal Regulations OSHA Code of Federal Regulations (29,1910.1000)(29,1910.1000)

NIOSH MethodsNIOSH Methods– No. P&Cam 127No. P&Cam 127– No. P&Cam 205No. P&Cam 205