Anglo-Saxons: 449-1066 History Roman occupation: 55B.C to A.D 409. Came with Julius Caesar-stayed...
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Transcript of Anglo-Saxons: 449-1066 History Roman occupation: 55B.C to A.D 409. Came with Julius Caesar-stayed...
Anglo-Saxons: 449-1066
History
• Roman occupation: 55B.C to A.D 409.
• Came with Julius Caesar-stayed 400 years.
• Created a government
• Built defensive walls• Built roads.• When they left they
took their government-England open to invasion
Anglo-Saxon invasion• Angles and Saxon
(Germany/Dutch) took over-imposed language and warrior culture.
• Brought loyalty to communities
• Saw religion as grim• Storytellers (scopes)
important
• Scopes told the history through songs
• Divided into clans until King Alfred the Great of Wessex in the ninteth century.
Spread of Christianity• Christianity
introduces to Britain during Roman occupation
• 5th century became dominate religion
• By 7th century Paganism almost extinct
William the Conqueror
• Crossed English Channel in 1066
• Defeated Anglo-Saxon armies (Battle of Hastings)
• Ended Anglo-Saxon culture in England.
The British Legacy• British gradually create
political system of (by the people for the people)
• US would not be what it is today without British Common law, government and language.
• Great Britain invaded/settled many times
• Each invader formed formed what Britain is today
The Spirit of the Celts
• Celts-tall blonde warrior , Brythons,Britons.
• Britian came from the words Brythons,and Britons.
• Animism-Latin word for spirit.
• Priests (druids) acted as intermediates for Gods an people.
• Britons have long hair, shaved bodies, and dye their bodies for a more terrifying appearance in battle.
The Celtic Heroes/HeroinesSir Thomas Malory
gathered legends together and made the Le Morte d’Arthur-which was about a king who became the embodiment if British Values
Celtic legends are full of strong women such as Queen Maeve of Connacht
Celtic tales let magic and imagination rule
Anglo-Saxon’s Sweep Ashore• The attack came forth the north
during the cluration of the 5th century
• The invaders consisted of Angles and Saxons tribe members
• They settled the greater part of Britain and from there took the name of Engla Land.
• The celts were newcomers to England but it wasn’t easy for them, so they moved to wales.
A light from Ireland• In 432 the whole Celtic
Ireland was converted to Christianity by a Romanized Britain named Patrick
• 432 to 750 Ireland experienced a Golden Age
• Irish monks founded monasteries that became sanctuaries of learning for refugee scholars from Europe and England
Anglo-Saxon Life
• 1939 in Suffolk, England an enormous ship grave was discovered.
• Which represents the burial of a Great King or noble warrior.
• Reminded them of King Beowulfs grave.
The Romans
• Caesar invades Britain in 55 B.C.
• Conquers Celts • Provided a military for
Anglo-Saxons• Built roads (still used
today) and defensive wall (73 miles long)
• Christianity becomes unifying force
• Celts religion to vanish• Romans evacuated
from Britain in A.D. 409• Left everything behind
but a central government
Fame and success was gained from loyalty to the leader
Beowulf gained his respect by defeating the monster who tried to kill King Hrothgar
Social Influences
• Based on warfare• Women Rights after
Norman Conquest in 1066
• Morgengifu (morning gift) of money and land
• Women had personal control over gift
• Women abbesses controlled large double-houses
• Hild most famous abbesses
Anglo-Saxon Religion
• Each god had a purpose • Were more concerned with
ethics than with mysticism.• Warrior gods/like
mythology• From Germany • Earthy virtues of bravery,
loyalty, generosity, and friendship.
The Bards
• Cummunal Hall- provided shelter for Scopes to tell stories.
• Scopes-was also called Bards or story tellers.
• Sang of Gods and heroes.
Hope in Immortal Verse Anglo – Saxton lit.
contains work in same elegiac,( mournful, strain)
For non-Christian A-S only fame and commemoration in poetry provide defense against death
The Christian Monasteries
• Monasteries served as center of learning
• Preserved literature such as Beowulf
• Monks assigned to monastery copied manuscripts by hand
• Scriptoriums writing room) had makeshift walls.
The rise of the English Language
• Latin was only language in England till King Alfred
• Alfred instituted Anglo – Saxon chronicle, covered earliest days until 1154
Fast Facts
• King Alfred of Wessex unite Anglo-Saxons in England, late ninth century
• Scopes (poets) old stories in early British culture
• Christian monks copy ancient manuscripts
Major Works-Beowulf
– archetype-good vs. evil
– Main character’s: Beowulf-Hero
– Next
Click on the title to play the trailer.
from Beowulf
Characteristics of an Epic
An epic, a long narrative poem that traces the adventures of a great hero, has the power to transport you to another time and place.
Beowulf takes you to the Anglo-Saxon period and the land of the Danes and the Geats, where a mighty warrior battles fantastic monsters.
Characteristics of an Epic
• The hero is a legendary figure who performs deeds requiring incredible courage and strength.
• The hero embodies character traits that reflect lofty ideals.
As you read the poem, note some of the following characteristics of epic poetry:
• The poet uses formal diction and a serious tone.
• The poem reflect timeless values and universal themes.
Characteristics of an Epic
Friendship Good vs. Evil
Reading Old English Poetry
Here are some of the techniques used in an Old English poem:
Old English poetry is marked by a strong rhythm that is easy to chant or sing.
• alliteration, or the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words, which helps unify the lines
So mankind’s enemy continued his crimes
˘ ΄ ˘ ˘ ΄ ˘ ΄ ˘ ΄ ˘ He took what he wanted, // all the treasures
• caesura, or a pause dividing each line, with each part having two accented syllables to help maintain the rhythm of the lines
Reading Old English Poetry
• kenning, a metaphorical compound word or phrase substituted for a noun or name, which enhances meaning— for example, “mankind’s enemy” used in place of “Grendel”
As you read Beowulf, note examples of these techniques and consider their effect on rhythm and meaning in the poem.
Reading Old English Poetry
The vocabulary words in the box on the right help convey the monstrous forces Beowulf faces in the epic. Choose a word from the list that has the same definition as each numbered item.
affliction
gorge
infamous
lair
livid
loathsome
purge
talon
1. claw
2. burden
3. notorious
4. cram
[talon]
[affliction]
[infamous]
[gorge]
affliction n. a force that oppresses or causes suffering
gorge v. to stuff with food; glut
infamous adj. having a very bad reputation
lair n. the den or resting place of a wild animal
livid adj. discolored from being bruised
loathsome adj. disgusting
purge v. to cleanse or rid of something undesirable
talon n. a claw