Angel Oral Presentation HE 10'03

7/31/2019 Angel Oral Presentation HE 10'03

1/27

Shell and Tube Heat ExchangerOctober 7, 2003

Cycle 2

Group 1A Frank Fadenholz

Jennifer FadenholzChristian Woods

Angel Taylor


2/27

Outline

Objectives Background

Experimental Strategy Results Error Analysis

Conclusions Recommendations References


3/27

Objectives and Background


4/27

Objectives

Operate shell and tube heat exchanger varyingsteam flow

Determine the outside overall heat transfercoefficient (U o)

Determine shellside heat transfer (Q SS)

Determine tubeside heat transfer (Q TS)


5/27

Heat Exchanger Background

Exchange heat between fluids Latent heat and sensible heat transfer Common to chemical process industry Types of heat exchangers

Air Cooled Double Pipe Spiral Plate and Tube Shell and Tube


6/27


7/27

Experimental Strategy


8/27

ST-V1

FT-01

EmergencyShutdown

Vavle

Compressed Air Steam

Hot Water Outlet

TT-04

TT-03

PG-07

C on d en s a t e

ColdWater Inlet

EmergencyShutdown

Valve ST-V3

PRV-05

PG-06 FT-02

E-01

Figure 1. Unit Operations Lab: Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (Group 1A)

ST-V4

ST-V2

ST-V5

FV-02

TV-04

T

Should make Labels Larger


9/27


5 Runs Total Varied Steam Valve (TV-04) Position

105% open 75% open 65% open 60% open 52% open

Cooling water flow rate constant


10/27


Measured Variables Condensate flow

Condensate temperature Cooling water flow Cooling water inlet temperature

Cooling water outlet temperature


11/27

Heat Exchanger Calculations

Heat transfer rateQTS = mCp D T

QSS = m D H + mCp D T Overall heat transfer coefficient

Uo = Q SS /(A o*D TLM)

Log mean temperature D TLM= ((T hi-Tco) (Tho Tci)) / ln[(T hi Tco) (Tho Tci)]


12/27

Simplified Process Flow Diagram

Thi

Tho

Tci TcoQout, TSQin, TS

Qin, SS

Qout, SS


13/27

Results


14/27

Experimental Results

Steam Valve% Open

Heat Transfer

Rate (Q TS)(btu/hr)

Heat Transfer

Rate (Q SS )(btu/hr)

Overall HeatTransfer

Coefficient

(U o)(btu/lb*F*hr)

105% 276489 275350 211

75% 250275 254588 201

65% 183357 181872 148

60% 134200 133777 112

52% 98289 93757 78


15/27

90000

140000

190000

240000

290000

75 125 175 225 275

Condensate Mass Out(lb/hr)

H a

t e T r a n s

f e r

R a

t e

( b t u / h r )

Q-Shellside Q-Tubeside

Steam vs. Heat Transfer Rate (Q TS, Q SS)


16/27

Steam vs. Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

50

100

150

200

250

300

50 100 150 200 250 300Condensate Mass Out (lb/hr)

H e a

t T r a n s

f e r

C o e f

f i c

i e n

t

( b t u / l b * F * h r )

U inside U outside


17/27

Error Analysis


18/27

Propagation of Error

Determine the accuracy of measured variables Apply the propagation of error equation to each

function

21

1

2

DD

k

ii

i

x x y y


19/27

Variable Measurement Accuracy Flow rate of the steam +/- 5 lb/hr Flow rate of the cooling water +/- 50 lb/hr

Temperature readings +/- 2

F Largest sources of error Mass flow rate of the steam

Mass flow rate of the cooling water


20/27

Calculated Error Values

QTS +/ - 1,000 btu/hr QSS +/ - 50,000 btu/hr

Uo +/ - 4 btu/lb F hr Ui +/ - 4 to +/- 1.6 btu/lb F hr


21/27

Propagation of Error Heat Transfer

90000140000190000

240000290000340000

75 125 175 225 275Condensate Mass Out (lb/hr)

H e a

t T r a n s

f e r

R a t e

( b t u / h r )

Q-tubeside Q-shellside


22/27

Propagation of Error Heat TransferCoefficient

50

100

150

200

250

300

50 100 150 200 250 300Condensate Mass Out (lb/hr)

H e a

t T r a n s

f e r

C o e f

f i c

i e n

t

( b t u / l b * F * h r )

U inside U outside


23/27

Conclusionsand

Recommendations


24/27

Conclusions

QTS, Q SS, Uo all increase as the steam flowrate increases

QTS, Q SS, Uo all have a linear relationshipwith the mass flow rate of the steam

Heat transfer rate of the tube side is equalto the heat transfer rate of the shell side


25/27

Recommendations

Operation Recommendation Operate the shell and tube heat exchanger at

approximately 75% for sufficient heat transferand economic efficiency

Experiment Recommendations Monitor pressure gauge (PG-07) at low steamrates to prevent a vacuum


26/27

References

API Heat Transfer. Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Picturewww.apiheattransfer.com/en/Products/HeatExchangers/ShellAndTube/

Georgia Tech. Propagation of Error .www.swiki.che.gatech.edu/CHE4200. August 2002.

Geankoplis, Christie J. Transport Processes and Unit Operations ,3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice-Hall Publishing, Inc. 1993.

Heald, C. C. Cameron Hydraulic Data . Liberty Corner, NJ. Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Co. 1998.

Peters, Timmerhaus, West. Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers , 5th ed. New York, NY. McGaw-Hill Co. Inc.,2003.


27/27

Angel Oral Presentation HE 10'03

Documents

Transcript of Angel Oral Presentation HE 10'03