Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Aplastic & Deficiency Anemia

a. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Aplastic Anemia

• Epidemiology - incidence of acquired aplastic anemia varies

around the world and range from 2-6 cases per 1 million population per year.

- acquired aplastic anemia generally appears at the age of 15-25 years.

- journey disease in men is also heavier than females.

• Risk Factors for Aplastic Anemia

- treatment of cancer using high-dose radiation or chemotherapy

- exposure to toxic chemicals - the use of some drugs - autoimmune disorders - infection

b. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Deficiency Anemia

Epidemiology

• Iron deficiency anemia An estimated 30% of the world population suffer

from anemia and more than 50% of patients are ADB and especially on infants, school children, pregnant and lactating mothers.

Research in Indonesia get ADB prevalence in children under five around 30-40%, in school children 25-35% whereas the prevalence of ADB's 1992 Household Health outcomes in infants by 5.55%.

• Folic acid deficiency anemiaInitial studies were performed Lucy Wills in 1931 stated that folic acid as an essential nutrient to prevent anemia during pregnancy.

In the United States, Neural tube defects occur in 3000 pregnancies each year and the incidence is decreased by about 50% during the period 1970 and 1989

Risk Factors for Deficiency Anemia

• iron deficiency anemia - a diet low in iron - Such rapid growth in pregnancy - blood loss - socio-economic conditions of inadequate -bleeding after childbirth

• Folic acid deficiency anemia- alcoholism - eat vegetables too ripe - malnutrition - in pregnancy

• B12 deficiency anemia- women who do not consume meat, dairy products and eggs - postpartum hemorrhage- Intake less; diet lacking vitamin B12- Absorbs disorders: intrinsic factor secretion failure, failure in the small intestine absorbs- Impaired transport of vitamin B12 - Disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism