COLOMBIA: TOWARDS A CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL SECTORLOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FORFRUIT CROPS AND SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS

Andy Jarvis

1) Test and validate technological adaptation options

2) Support agriculture sector in adapting to climate events, including agro-climate risk management, through evaluation of crop models.

3) Support the closing of the production gaps by applying Specific-site agriculture techniques

4) Evaluate agro-environmentally production systems and potential environmental services payment schemes in order to incentive sustainable production systems.

Objetives

Agreement MADR-CIAT: Climate and agriculture sector

A climate smart sectorCl

imat

e re

silie

nce

Baseline

Adapted technologies

Adapted technologies

+Climate-specific

management

Adapted technologies

+Climate-specific

management+

Seasonal agroclimatic

forecasts

Adapted technologies

+Climate-specific

management+

Seasonal agroclimatic

forecasts+

Efficient resource use

+Enabling

environment NAPs and NAMAs

Climate smartness

Adapted technologies

+Climate-specific

management+

Seasonal agroclimatic

forecasts+

Efficient resource use

LEDS Colombia (MADS, DNP, MADR, IDEAM) is the main national framework in which the mitigation of climate change encounters agriculture

PROBLEM

38%

Agricultural participation in total annual emission

MADR-CIAT

More efficient land useMore efficient cattle systemMore area available for agriculture and natural vegetation

Alternatives: Improve pasture, silvopastoral systems and fruit crops

Expected outcomes

NAMASEcosystem services payment schemes

Alternatives detected by LEDS Colombia

Agricultural sector with real interest in mitigation, and large opportunities

Primary entry point through land-use – an actual case of a land sparing national policy! Both government and producer organizations aligned in strategy:

• Livestock from 40 mHa to 30 mHa• Croplands to increase by 3 mHa

Together with MinAgriculture we are looking currently at 3 NAMA strategies:• Reconversion of degraded pastures into high carbon, high value farming (fruits)• Pasture intensification to increase emissions efficiency over large areas of

unproductive pastures• Intensive silvopastoral systems in high potential areas to boost productivity and

generate huge environmental benefits

Pastures in Colombia

Fuente: IGAC

30.000.000 ha in pastures

8.000.000 ha in fallow

Pastures with problems associated with their current use

16.000.000 ha in pastures

Fuente: IGAC

1.542.000 ha

Area with mango feasibility

Fuente: CIAT & IGAC

Fuente: CIAT & IGAC

Area with avocado feasibility

2.462.000 ha

Area with fruit feasibility

Avocado, mango and citric7.874.000 ha

Fuente: CIAT & IGAC

Municipalities with identified potential

Together with supply chain actors and producer organisations municipalities with potential for expanding cultivated area have been identified.

Crop Area

Avocado Lorena 68.000 ha

Avocado Hass 170.400 ha

Mango 124.200 ha

Citric 29.000 ha

Total 391.600 ha

Carbon sequestration potential with100.000 degree days

Total absorción Mango Total absorción Aguacate

Total absorción Cítricos Total absorción Frutales0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Mill

ones

de

Ton

elad

as C

O2

eq

The sequestration in a year would be in average the 3.8% of the actual year emission of the sector.

Indicators Avocado Mango Total

Potential area (ha) 238.400 124.200 362.600

Total investment (Millions USD$) 711 308 1,019

O&M (Millions USD$) 3,380 1,597 4,977

Carbon capture(Millions de ton) (18) (59) (77)

Investment by ton C (USD$/ton) (39) (5)

Total cost per ton (USD$/ton) (226) (32)

% of the investment (USD$6.7/ton) 17% 128%

- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 (1,000)

(800)

(600)

(400)

(200)

-

Avocado Tolima Medium Avocado Tolima Large Avocado Cauca/Valle MediumAvocado Cauca/Valle Large Avocado Risaralda Large Avocado Caldas LargeAvocado Quindio Large Avocado Risaralda Medium Avocado Risaralda SmallAvocado Antioquia Medium Avocado Caldas Medium Avocado Caldas SmallAvocado Quindio Medium Avocado Quindio Small Avocado Antioquia LargeAvocado Antioquia Small Mango Valle Small Mango Valle LargeMango Cundinamarca Small Mango Cundinamarca Large Mango Cundinamarca MediumMango Costa Norte Large Mango Tolima Small Mango Tolima Large

Thousand tonnes of carbon saved/year

MA

C:

US

$/t

CO

2

Sistemas Silvopastoriles

Land Use for Cattle Systems

USO PRINCIPAL HECTAREASPastoreo intensivo de clima cálido PINc 53,982 Pastoreo intensivo de clima medio PINm

3,198.00

Pastoreo intensivo de clima frío PINf 6,976.00 Pastoreo semi intensivo de clima cálido PSIc 1,513,550Pastoreo semi intensivo de clima medio PSIm

38.65

Pastoreo semi intensivo de clima frío PSIf 8,388 Pastoreo extensivo de clima cálido PEXc 4,427,363 Pastoreo extensivo de clima medio PEXm 31,102 Pastoreo extensivo de clima frío PEXf 8,337 Silvopastoril SPA 9,101,192 Total 15,154,126

Fuente: IGAC

Resultados Preliminares

Kg CO2 equi/Kg de leche (FPCM)

Kg CO2 equi/Kg de leche (ECM)

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50

2.88

2.34

3.40

2.80

Sistema de Lechería de Altura

Tradicional SSPi

62%

36%

2%

CH4N2OCO2

ECM: Corregido por Energía; FPCM: Corregido por proteína y grasa

Resultados Preliminares

SSPi

Tradicional

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

14.34

22.89

Sistema de carne Trópico bajo - L. leucocephala

Kg CO2 equi/Kg de carne

SSPi

Tradicional

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

17.82

25.44

Sistema de carne Trópico bajo - T. diversifolia

Kg CO2 equi/Kg de carne

60%

42%

Potential Silvopastoral Areas

Fuente: CIAT & CIPAV

Optimas: 5.2 Millones de ha

Work in progress to develop detailed NAMA for silvo-pastoral system, but benefits appear to be very high

Key Messages

• Plenty of opportunity in Colombia for climate smart agriculture win-wins

• Institutional and political will to invest in mitigation activities

• Potentially quite large carbon benefits, but also profitable – primary incentive is to increase productivity, with mitigation co-benefits

• Carbon markets could potentially bolster uptake, especially with regard to overcoming upfront investment costs which are an identified barrier

Final Considerations

“Tenemos 20 millones de hectáreas dedicadas a la ganadería y 5, a la agricultura; eso debe ser al revés. Impulsar la agricultura con productos que tengan futuro y el resto de la tierra dedicarla a la ganadería. Pero no podemos seguir teniendo un novillo por hectárea. Eso es lo que debe ocurrir.”

A. Iragorri MADR minister personal interview for El Tiempo 1st of Septiembre 2014)

Gracias!http://www.aclimatecolombia.org