Android OS

Android is a mobile operating system (OS).

based on the Linux kernel.

currently developed by Google .

User interface based on direct manipulation.

Android is designed primarily for touch screen.

FOUNDERS

Android, Inc. was founded in

Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by:

Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger)

Rich Miner (co-founder of

Wildfire Communications, Inc)

Nick Sears(once VP at T-Mobile)

Chris White(headed design and

interface development at Web TV)

features(main features)

Interface:

Android's default user interface is based on direct manipulation

which includes:

using touch inputs, that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like

swiping, tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate on-

screen objects, and a virtual keyboard.

The response to user input is designed to be immediate and provides a

fluid touch interface, often using the vibration capabilities of the device

to provide haptic feedback to the user.

Android devices boot to the home screen, the primary navigation and

information point on the device, which is similar to the desktop found on

PCs. Android home screens are typically made up of app icons and

widgets; app icons launch the associated app, whereas widgets display

live, auto-updating content such as the weather forecast, the user's

email inbox, or a news ticker directly on the home screen.

Applications:

Applications ("apps"), that extend the functionality of devices,are developed primarily in Athe Java programming languageusing the Android software development kit (SDK).

Memory management:

Since Android devices are usually battery-powered, Androidis designed to manage memory (RAM) to keep powerconsumption at a minimum, in contrast to desktop operatingsystems which generally assume they are connected tounlimited mains electricity. When an Android app is nolonger in use, the system will automatically suspend it inmemory – while the app is still technically "open",suspended apps consume no resources and sit idly in thebackground until needed again.

General:Messaging

Web browser

Voice based features

Multi-touch

Multitasking

Screen capture

Video calling

Multiple language support

Accessibility

Connectivity:Android supports connectivity technologies including GSM/EDGE, Wi-Fi,

Bluetooth, LTE, CDMA, EV-DO,UMTS, NFC, IDEN and WiMAX.

Bluetooth

Tethering

Media:Streaming media support

Media support

External storage

Different versions

• The version history of the Android mobile operating systembegan with the release of the Android beta in November 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008. Android is under ongoing development by Google and the Open Handset Alliance(OHA), and has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since its initial release.

• Since April 2009, Android versions have been developed under a confectionery-themed code name and released in alphabetical order; the exceptions are versions 1.0 and 1.1 as they were not released under specific code names:

Alpha (1.0)

Beta (1.1)

Cupcake (1.5)

Donut (1.6)

Éclair (2.0–2.1)

Froyo (2.2–2.2.3)

Gingerbread (2.3–2.3.7)

Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6)

Ice Cream Sandwich(4.0–4.0.4)

Jelly Bean (4.1–4.3.1)

KitKat (4.4–4.4.4)

"L" release (developer preview)

Version Code nameRelease

dateAPI level Distribution

4.4 KitKatOctober 31,

201319 24.5%

4.3

Jelly Bean

July 24,

201318 8.0%

4.2.xNovember

13, 201217 20.7%

4.1.x July 9, 2012 16 25.1%

4.0.3–4.0.4Ice Cream

Sandwich

December

16, 201115 9.6%

2.3.3–2.3.7 GingerbreadFebruary 9,

201110 11.4%

2.2 FroyoMay 20,

20108 0.7%

Version details

AndroidiOSWindows PhoneFirefox OSSailfish OSTizenUbuntu Touch OSSymbianWindows MobilePalm OSwebOSMaemoMeeGoLiMo

others

Comparison with others

Android's architecture diagram

JEFIN JOSEPH & ANDROID FAMILY

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