ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM

Submitted byVibhu mishra 1005613112

1.Introduction 11.Conclusion

2. History 12.Refrences

3. Platform

4. Sensors

5. Architecture

6. Software development

7. Security

8. versions

8. New Features

9. Future Scope

10.Limitation

Content

What is Android?

• A software platform and operating system for mobile devices, televisions, games consoles, digital cameras.

• Based on the Linux kernel 2.6,3.3.

• Android is under version 2 of the Apache Software License (ASL)

• Allows writing managed code in the Java language and c#(with xamarin).

• Android OS uses dalvik virtual machine to execute the .dex files of android apps.when we build our android project the adk convert the .java code to .dex code.

Introduction

History

•Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October

2003 by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-founder

of Wildfire Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears(VP at T-Mobile), and

Chris White (design and interface developer at WebTV)

•Android was bought by  Google in 2005.

•On the 5th of November 2007 the Open Handset Alliance,

a consortium of several companies was unveiled with the goal to

develop open standards for mobile devices.

• The minimum requirements of android os are :- • 32 MB RAM• 32 MB Flash Memory• 200 MHz processor

• Android work on the ARM Architecture Based Microprocessors.

• The ARM architecture developed by ARM Holdings ltd., is an architecture mainly for mobile computing: tablets and smartphones. And a number of mobile operating systems use ARM architecture.

• This is not a proprietary technology, but a standard.

 

Platform

Sensors Supported by Android:-

• Most Android-powered devices have built-in sensors that measure motion, orientation, and various environmental conditions. These sensors are capable of providing raw data.

• There are two types of Sensors: 1. Hardware based Sensors 2. Software based sensors

• Hardware-based sensors are physical components built into a handset or tablet deviceSoftware-based sensors are not physical devices, although they mimic hardware-based sensors. Software-based sensors derive their data from one or more of the hardware-based sensors

 

Sensors

Sensors Supported by Android:-

• Accelerometer: Motion detection

• AMBIENT TEMPERATURE: Monitoring air temperatures

• GRAVITY: Measures the force of gravity

• GYROSCOPE: Rotation detection

• LIGHT: Controlling screen

• MAGNETIC FIELD: Creating a compass.

• ORIENTATION: Determining device position.

• PRESSURE: Monitoring air pressure changes.

 

Sensors

Architecture of Android:-

 

Architecture

Architecture of Android:-

LINUX KERNEL:-

•Linux Version 2.6 as - h/w abstraction layer•Proven driver model•Security, Memory & Process Management•Efficient computing resource management•Stable and proven for mobile platform

 

Architecture

Architecture of Android:-

ANDROID RUNTIME• Includes a set of core libraries that provides most of thefunctionality .• Every Android application runs in its own process• Dalvik VM executes files in the (.dex) format• Device can run multiple VMs efficiently

 

Architecture

Architecture of Android:-

LIBRARIES

•Written in C/C++ - System C Library ( libc )•Surface manager - composing different drawing screens• Display/Graphics(SGL)-for 2D graphics•OpenGLES – 3D Graphics Library•Media Libraries•SQLite –RDB engine-light weight•LibWebCore–web browser engine–embeddable web view

 

Architecture

Architecture of Android:-

APPLICATION FRAMEWORK:-• Activity Manager• Content Manager• Resource Manager• Window Manager• Notification Manager

 

Architecture

Software Development

Apps Development in java:-

•Developing the apps for android need android SDK (software

development kit) which is free available at -developers.android.com.

•The Android SDK provides you the API libraries and developer tools

necessary to build, test, and debug apps for Android.

Software Development

Apps Development in c#:-

•For the development of apps in c# we need Xamarin (mono

c#) .Xamarin work with visual studio and installed in it as a plugin.

• For the apps development in c# api’s available at -

androidapi.xamarin.com.

Security

The key components of the Android Security include:-

Multiprocess system:-Android is a multi-process system, in which each application runs in its own process.

Linux security:- Most security is enforced at the process level through standard Linux facilities, such as user and group IDs that

are assigned to application.

Security

•Penetration Testing and Code Review: During the development of

the Android Os ,components are subject to various security reviews.

These reviews are performed by the Android Security Team, and

Google’s Information Security Engineering team.

•Open Source and Community Review: The Android Open Source

Project enables broad security review by any interested party. Android

also uses open source technologies that have undergone significant

external security review, such as the Linux kernel nsultants.

Versions of Android

•Android 2.3.3–2.3.7 Gingerbread

•Android 2.3.3–2.3.7 Gingerbread

•Android 3.0 Honeycomb

•Android 4.0–4.0.2 Ice Cream Sandwich

•Android 4.0.3–4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich

•Support for Adobe Systems' Flash player ended with Ice Cream

Sandwich.[82]

•Android 4.1 Jelly Bean

•Android 4.2 Jelly Bean

NEW FEATURES

• One tablet, many users:-It’s your fully customized tablet. And theirs,

too. With support for multiple users, you can give each person their own space.

•Share what’s on your phone on the big screen:-Android 4.2 allows devices to enable wireless display. You can share movies, YouTube videos, and anything that’s on your screen on an HDTV. Just connect a wireless display adapter to any HDMI-enabled TV.

• Daydream:- Daydream lets your Android device display useful and delightful information when idle or docked. Show off your photo albums, get the latest news from Google Currents, and more.

• Beam photos and videos:-With Android Beam on Jelly Bean you can now easily share your photos and videos with just a simple tap, in addition to sharing contacts, web pages,

New Features

• A smarter keyboard,with Gesture Typing:-Writing messages on the go is easier than ever with Gesture Typing – just glide your finger over the letters you want to type, and lift after each word. You don’t have to worry about spaces because they’re added automatically for you.

.

• Photo Sphere camera:-With Android 4.2, snap pictures in every direction that come together into incredible, immersive photo spheres that put you right inside the scene.

New Features

• Google Android Sales to Overtake iPhone in 2012

• The OHA is committed to make their vision a reality: to deploy the Android platform for every mobile operator, handset manufacturers and developers to build innovative devices.

• Google is trying to develop android os for daily using product like

watch , microwave , washing machine.

• Intel doesn’t want to lose ownership of the netbook market, so they need to prepare for anything, including Android.

Future Scope

Limitations of Android OS:-

Little lag:- Still an Android OS with quad-core processor has a little lag .The Apps are running few second slower than the window 8 and ios.

Heat:-If you use Wi-Fi connectivity for about a hour you can feel the heat in fuselage (back panel). It is not find in either Windows

or iOS.

Malicious Apps:-Malicious apps are the most common infection channel and are comparable to trojanized programs on desktop platforms. They provide high convenience for

malware developers.

Limitations

We hope that Android in its upcoming versions overcomes its limitations and fulfills its future promises.

Conclusion

References

• www.wikipedia.com

• www.android.com

• developer.android.com

• http://xamarin.com

• www.androidsensors.org

THANK YOU….