F R

July2005

GOOGLE acquired Android Inc., a small startup company based in Palo Alto, California, USA.

November2007

Open Handset Alliance (OHA), a business alliance of 79 firms for developing open standards for mobile

devices was formed.

September2008

Google published the entire source code (including network and telephony stacks) under an Apache

License.

October2008

The first commercially phone to run the Android operating system was released

UNDERSTANDING

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Android is a mobile operating based upon a modified version of the Linux kernel.

FEATURES

CONNECTIVITY

MED

IA

H.263 3GPP MPEG-4

H.264 AVC 3GPP MPEG-4

MPEG-4 SP 3GPP

BMP PNG JPEG GIF

AAC LC/LTP AMR-NB MIDIHE-AACv1 AMR-WB OggHE-AACv2 MP3 WAVE

DEV

ELO

PM

EN

T

Google provides a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling.

The integrated development environment (IDE) is provided in Eclipse by using the Android Development Tools (ADT) Plugin.

MIS

CELLA

NEO

US

Android has approximately 3,10,000 applications available for download.

Android has native support for multi-touch

Android supports tethering, which allows a phone to be used as a wireless/wired hotspot

NATIV

EC

OD

E

ARM

Nati

ve C

ode

C++ (Library)

C (Core)

Java (UI)

ARCHITECTURE

Applications are the process through which user give instructions to the system to accomplish task and obtain results.

Android applications can consist of four components:-

• Activities• Services• Broadcast Receivers• Content providers

Applications are saved with extension .apk .

Android applications are written in the Java programming language .

• Application framework provides the resources required for working of the applications.

• Framework is designed to simplify the reuse of components; any application can publish its capabilities and any other application may then make use of those capabilities (subject to security constraints enforced by the framework).

• Framework is designed in the same hierarchy as the java development kit.

• It is available to developers in android software development kit.

Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various components of the Android system. These capabilities are exposed to developers through the Android application framework. It has following components:-

• System C library – A BSD-derived implementation of the standard C system library (libc).

• Media Libraries – It is based on PacketVideo's OpenCORE; the libraries support audio, video and image files.

• SGL - The underlying 2D graphics engine.

• Surface Manager – It manages access to the display subsystem.

• Webkit – A modern web browser engine which powers both the Android browser and an embeddable web view.

• FreeType - Bitmap and vector font rendering.

• SQLite - A powerful and lightweight relational database engine available to all applications.

• Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services.

• The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest of the software stack.

• Android is not linux because it does not implements some of the stand feature and protocols of linux.

• It uses permission based security model.

• Special features like OOM, wakelock have been added to kernel by google.

A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of a machine (i.e. a computer) that executes

programs like a physical machine.

TYPES OF VIRTUAL MACHINE

System Virtual MachineProcess Virtual Machine

R1

R2R3

ADVANTAGES It Can run on slow CPU, with little ram & in OS with lesser

or even without swap space

It is optimized to use less space

The interpreter is simplified for faster execution

Dalvik (Register based) take average 47 % less executed VM instruction then JVM (Stack based).

THANK YOU