Andrew Goodwins Theory

Goodwin has identified aspects of music videos

● Built around songs.

● Narrative and Performance

● Lead looks directly at the camera which involves the audience.

● Relies on repetition (e.g. base tracks) - images, TV, radios, adverts, or choruses.

● It has a structure - climax is created and fades at the end of the story

● The Star image

● Relation of visual to the song

Narrative/Structure Illustration; the lyrics and video match. The music video sets up images to illustrate the meaning of the lyrics, and genre to enhance our imagination and convey to us the obvious.

ExampleLily Allen - Smile (Indie genre): The lyrics 'now you call me up on the phone' her ex-boyfriend is on the phone which conveys the clear connection between the lyrics and her music video.

(link to video below)

- Disjuncture; the lyrics and video have no connections, the meaning of the song is completely ignored. There is no contrast between what is being shown, or sung.

ExampleMario - How do I Breathe (R&B): 'There's no one to talk to' he is alone, adds new meaning through his lyrics as the setting of an empty room portrays his loneliness, and how heartbroken he is.

Amplification; introduces new meaning by adding layers but don't contradict lyrics. This is similar to repetitiveness, meanings and effects are constantly shown to use to create a vision.

ExampleMario - How do I Breathe (R&B): 'There's no one to talk to' he is alone, adds new meaning through his lyrics as the setting of an empty room portrays his loneliness, and how heartbroken he is.

Amplification; introduces new meaning by adding layers but don't contradict lyrics. This is similar to repetitiveness, meanings and effects are constantly shown to use to create a vision.

ExampleMario - How do I Breathe (R&B): 'There's no one to talk to' he is alone, adds new meaning through his lyrics as the setting of an empty room portrays his loneliness, and how heartbroken he is.