Miami International Airport Runway Incursion Action Team Recommendations for Incursion Mitigation
Andrew Badham Head of Operations Policy BAA Events/Safety Seminar 2008/Speakers... · Runway Safety...
Transcript of Andrew Badham Head of Operations Policy BAA Events/Safety Seminar 2008/Speakers... · Runway Safety...
Andrew BadhamHead of Operations Policy BAA
Definition
A Runway Safety issue is any safety issue that deals with the runway environment (or any surface being used as a runway) and the areas immediately adjacent to it (e.g. overruns, high speed taxiways). Runway Safety issues include runway incursions, runway excursions, and inappropriate use of runways (confusion).
Runway Safety Issues• Runway Incursion• ICAO - “Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect
presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take off of aircraft”
• Runway Excursion• Overrun at the runway end, veer off the side of runway
• Runway Confusion• Use of incorrect or ‘Wrong Runway’ for landing or take off
Participants• EASA• CANSO• IFALPA• FAA• LVNL• Boeing• DGAC France• Flight Safety Foundation• IFATCA• NLR
• Airbus • Embraer• ACI• IATA• ERA• Eurocontrol• AAPA• US NTSB• AEA
•• RSI meetings
– Amsterdam 7 and 8 Feb 2007– Brussels 30 and 31 May 2007– Toulouse 6 and 7 September 2007– Miami 9 and 10 January 2008– Cologne 20 and 21 August 2008– Seattle 12 and 13 November 2008– Cologne 24 and 25 February 2009
•
RSI Events
Some Recent Runway Safety Events 1
• January 2007 - TAROM B737 runway incursion accident Bucharest (0 fatalities)
• March 2007 GARUDA excursion in Indonesia (21 fatalities)
• July 2007 TAM A320 excursion (189 fatalities)
Some Recent Runway Safety Events 2
• May 2008 KALITTA Cargo B747 Brussels overrun
• August 2005 Air France A340 excursion Toronto
• January 2008 BA 777 crash Heathrow
Some Recent Runway Safety Events 3
• October 2000 SINGAPORE Airlines B747 Taipei wrong runway (83 dead)
• September 2006 COMAIR CRJ 100 Blue Grass wrong runway(49 dead)
March 1977 - KLM / Pan Am
Tenerife Canary Islands
LAX February 1991 USAIR B737 lands on top of Skywest Metroliner (34 Dead)
SASOctober 2001
SASOctober 2001
Milan, ItalyMilan, Italy
Airlines – management + crew Manufacturers
Air Traffic Control
Airports
Regulators
Who are the main players?
Manufacturers• Safe/Reliable Aircraft• Data and procedures for
normal operations• Data and procedures for ab
normal operations • Data for operations on
contaminated runways• Safety Alerts
Operators• Stabilized Approach Criteria• SOP’s and CRM• No-Fault Go Around Policy• Training• Decision making
– On approach– On the runway
ATC
• Stabilized Approach Assistance
• Pertinent and timely Information– Weather– Runway
Condition– Other aerodrome
data
Airports - Runways• Runway Design• Runway Friction• Contaminated Runway
Operations• Visual Aids
Airports-Design and Layout• Runway End Safety
Areas• Runway Strip• Runway Cleared
and Graded Area• Precision vs non –
precision approach
Airport – Emergency Planning• Emergency Planning• Liaison with local
emergency services• Aerodrome
Emergency Exercise• Emergencies in
difficult environments• Aircraft Recovery
Regulator + Other Bodies
• ICAO SARP’s + USOAP• Oversight by State NAA• SMS requirements for
(ATC/Airports/Airlines)• Best Practice advice from ACI,
FSF, IATA etc.
Data Availability
• Runway Incursions– Good
• Runway Excursions– Good for accidents and Incidents with
damage but often not enough location data• Runway Confusion
– Limited (normally no damage, no injury, no loss of separation)
Accident Data 1995 – 2007
Commercial Aircraft(Substantial and major damage, Western and Eastern built turbojets and turboprops) 1,332 Total Accidents
Jets TurbopropsMajor Substantial Major Substantial 267 347 499 219
Totals 614 718
Runway Safety Accident Data1995 – 2007 - 1,332 Total Accidents
Number Percent of Total
Incursions: 10 (.8/year) .7%
Excursions: 379 (29.1/year) 28.5%
Confusion: 4 (.3/year) .3%
Runway Safety Fatality Data
Number of Fatal Accidents (Onboard Fatalities)
Incursions: 5 (129)
Excursions: 31 (680)
Confusion: 2 (132)
1995 – 2007 (464 fatal accidents (35%))
Runway Excursion Data 1995 – 2007
• 35% of Jet accidents
• 23% of Turboprop accidents
• Turboprops have a higher risk of veer-offs
• Jets have a higher risk of overruns
Total Accidents: 251
Excursions: 63
Excursion 25.1%
Business Jet Accidents 1991 - 2002
Fatal and Non-Fatal Runway Accidents by Type
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Runway Excursion
Runway Confusion
Runway Incursion
Fatal
Non-Fatal
Number of Accidents
Conclusions 1Manufacturers and Operators
• Manufacturers to provide more data for operations in abnormal conditions or on contaminated runways
• Operators/Airlines ensure stabilized approach to a landing in touch down zone (extra caution during non-precision approach).
• Use CRM particularly from top of decent• Be aware of current runway surface conditions• Are there any crosswinds/tailwinds? • Effect of reverse thrust/autobrake
Conclusions 2Air Traffic Control
• ATC to assist with stabilized approach and not caused a ‘rushed approach’.
• ATC to provide timely and accurate aerodrome information to assist flight crew with decision making.
Conclusions 3Airports
• Provide appropriate runway design, layout and surrounding safety areas
• Ensure good runway friction conditions• Ensure accident/incident and emergency
services are provided and regularly tested
Product Title Originator Type Product Target Audience1. ICAO Runway Safety Toolkit ICAO CD and web Aircrew, Airports, ATM,
Management2. Runway and Surface Safety FAA CD and web Flight Instructors
Pilot Examiners3. Taxi 101 FAA CD and web Maintenance personnel
4. Runway Incursion Prevention FAA, ACI, CD and web Aircrew, Airports, ATMProgram IATA, PAAST
5. European Action Plan for the Eurocontrol et al CD and web Aircrews, Airports, ATMPrevention of Runway Incursions Vehicle drivers
6. Runway Incursion CAST JSIT FAA (CAST) CD Aircrews, Airports, ATMReports
7. FAA Runway Safety Website FAA Web site Aircrews, ATM, Vehicle Drivers
8. Enhanced Taxiway Centerline FAA CD and web Aircrews, ATM, Airports
9. AOPA Runway Safety Course FAA, AOPA Web site General Aviation Pilots
10. ALPA Runway Safety Course FAA, ALPA Web site Aircrews
11. ACI Airside Safety Handbook ACI Handbook Airports
12. Runway Safety: It’s Everybody’s FAA Handbook Pilots, Controllers Business
13. Sporty’s Pilot Guide to Runway Safety Sporty’s CD General Aviation Pilots
Runway Incursion
Product Title Originator Type Product Target Audience
1. ALAR Tool Kit Flight Safety Foundation CD Aircrews, ATM, Airports
2. Managing Threats and Errors Flight Safety Foundation Web AircrewsDuring Approach and Landing:How to avoid a Runway Overrun
3. Takeoff Safety Training Aid FAA CD and web Aircrews
Runway Excursion
Runway Confusion: ??? _ Many runway incursion tools may be useful here
Thank You