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Transcript of Andover Library Audit
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Harvard Divinity School - Andover Library
ASHRAE Level II Energy AuditMay 2009
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPage
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
2.0 BACKGROUND..... 22.1 Space Types
2.2 Occupancy and Use Schedules
2.3 Recent Building Upgrades
2.4 Energy Use Index and Benchmarks
3.0 GENERAL INFORMATION... 43.1 Audit Team
3.2 Audit Process
4.0 ENERGY CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS ........ 54.1 Energy Conservation Recommendation Summary Template
4.2 Low Cost Energy Conservation Measures (1-16)
4.3 Capital Grade Measures Requiring Further Analysis (17-21)
5.0 UTILITY INFORMATION.. 16
5.1 Utility Rates5.2 CO2 Equivalents for Utilities5.3 Annual Degree Days FY06 - FY08 & Regression Curve5.4 Energy Performance Summary by Fiscal Year5.5 Historical Utility Usage FY 085.6 Historical Utility Usage FY 075.7 Historical Utility Usage FY 065.8 End Use Component Energy Usage Breakdown5.9 Energy Use and Cost Indices by Fiscal Year5.10 Electrical Demand by Fiscal Year
6.0 ANDOVER LIBRARY MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 246.1 HVAC Systems6.2 Electrical Systems6.3 Chilled Water System6.4 Chilled Water Metering6.5 Steam System6.6 Condensate System6.7 Control System
6.8 Thermal Scan6.9 Air Handling Units Electrical Consumption Trending6.10 Air Handling Unit 1 Static Profile6.11 Air Handling Unit 2 Static Profile
7.0 LEED FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS: O&M. 297.1 LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance Certification
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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
At the request of the Harvard Divinity School, Facilities Maintenance Operations (FMO) and the Office
for Sustainability (OFS) jointly performed an ASHRAE Level II Energy Audit 1 at the AndoverTheological Library (Library). The structure includes a basement level and four floors above grade for acombined 58,250 square feet. The Library hosts over 62,000 visitors annually; the public stacks operate93 hours a week. Electric, steam, chilled water, and city water consumptions were evaluated for potentialenergy-saving opportunities. In fiscal year 2008, the Library spent $227,573 on all utilities.
Sixteen (16) separate Energy Conservation Recommendations (ECRs) were identified with detailedimplementation costs and annual savings estimates. The annualized savings of all recommendations
totals more than $41,000 (at current energy prices), with the potential to reduce total energy consumptionand GHG emissions by 22% from the FY08 baseline. If fully implemented, the payback period fromannual energy savings for these ECRs is estimated to be eleven months. Completion of these
projects also makes the Library an excellent candidate for certification under the United States
Green Buildings Councils LEED for Existing Buildings rating system 2.
If submitted before June 1, 2009, there is also $10,388 available to perform the ECRs through NSTARsEnhanced Incentive Program, or $6,856 if submitted afterwards. These reduction opportunities aredetailed in section 4.2 of this report. Additionally, five (5) capital grade recommendations have been
identified for further investigation and analysis. These items are detailed in section 4.3 of this report.
The table below summarizes the recommendations and payback periods.
Andover Library Energy Conservation Recommendations
ECRno.
ECR Title Reason for EvaluationApprox.AnnualSavings
Net CostsSimple
PaybackYears
1 Reset hot water valves baseboard in Old Stacks Heating not regulated $ 5,867 $ 1,200 0.20
2 Install insulation on copper piping in old stack Pipes not insulated $ 7,143 $ 3,000 0.42
3 * Shut down AHU-1 during unoccupied hours Unit runs 24/7 $ 8,034 $ 360 0.04
4 Install Water saving bathroom fixtures and fittings Water conservation $ 1,920 $ 1,636 0.85
5 Install a VFD on the supply fan on AHU-1 Energy Conservation $ 4,983 $ 12,011 2.41
6 * Install VFD on supply and return fans on AHU-2 Energy Conservation $ 9,550 $ 14,461 1.51
7 AHU -1 Replace primary and secondary filters $ 201 $ 500 2.49
8AHU -2 Replace secondary filters
Fan operating at higher HPthan necessary
$ 156 $ 250 1.609 Shutdown Computers and Monitors in Basement Computers on 24/7 $ 1,343 $ 500 0.37
10 Modify Old Stack Lighting Controls Lights on 24/7 $ 496 $ 2,263 4.56
11 Install Photocell for wall sconces in staircase Lights on during daylight $ 276 $ 713 2.58
12 Shutdown office equipment at night Operating during off-hours $ 184 $ 360 1.96
13 Install occupancy sensors in 3rd floor offices Energy Conservation $ $
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2.0 BACKGROUND
The Andover Theological Library (Library) is located at 46 Francis Street on the campus of the Harvard
Divinity School in Cambridge. Constructed in 1910, the 58,250 square foot facility includes a variety ofspace types including library stacks, office space, and a computer lab. In 2005, the building underwent asignificant renovation that included upgrades to the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) andelectrical systems.
2.1 Space Types
The Library is comprised of stacks, office space, and computer lab space. In total, the stacks and office
space comprise close to 99% of the buildings square footage. The table below reflects the square footageby floor of the three primary space types.
The stack area of Andover serves a number of functions for the faculty and students of the DivinitySchool, including: archives for an abundant amount of research material, support space for computer,printing and copying services, and corral space for graduate students.
Andover Library Space Types (Sq. Ft.)
Floor Stacks Computer Lab Office Total
Lower Level 6,782 600 0 7,386
Ground Level 10,866 0 2,305 13,171
First Floor 9,062 0 3,975 13,037
Second Floor L 8,220 0 1,350 9,573
Second Floor U 4,440 0 0 4,437
Third Floor 4,740 0 5,910 10,645
Totals 44,110 600 13,540 58,250
2.2 Occupancy and Use Schedules
The stack and computer lab spaces operate 93 hours a week, while the office spaces are typical occupiedduring regular business hours for an average of 50 hours per week. These differences in occupancyacross space type are leveraged in several energy conservation strategies included in this report.
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Daily occupancy volumes in the Stacks and Computer Lab trend with the academic sessions (averagingabout 207 per day), and decline steeply in summer months. Payback calculations for conservation projectused the annual visitor average of 180 per day.
Average Visitors per Day
July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
63 63 172 267 220 155 161 242 199 277 175 85
2.3 Recent Building System Upgrades
The mechanical and lighting systems benefit from a number of energy efficiency measures incorporatedas part of the 2005 renovation. For instance, the ventilation in the Old Stack area is modulated based onmeasured CO2 concentrations. This demand controlled ventilation is designed to ensure the appropriateamount of fresh air is entering the stacks based on occupancy, reducing unnecessary heating and coolingof outside air. A timer scheduled to operate during library hours also controls the lighting systemthroughout the Old stack area. The energy reductions realized by these recent renovations help theLibrary to benchmark well against similar buildings
2.4 Energy Use Index
Currently, the Library has an Energy Use Index (EUI1) of 193.3 kBtu per square foot. Based on currentutility costs, this equates to $4.02 per square foot. The chart below summarizes the current, as well as thehistorical energy use indexes and utility costs of the Library.
Energy Use Indices for Andover Library
Metric
2006 (baselineused for 30%
GHGReduction
Goal)
Currentbased on
March 2009Data
Annualizedwith all ECRs
SavingsPotential
Equivalent tomeet 30%
GHGreduction goal
kBtu per sq. ft. 207.5*
193.3*
150.8*
42.5 145.3*
Total Energy Cost per ft
2
$3.60 $4.02
^
$3.13
^
$0.89 $2.74
^
Benchmark Comparisons(Percentile)
46th * 52
nd *69
th * N/A 76
th *
* EPA ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager
^ Based on FY09 energy costs
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While the University-wide 30% reduction in GHG emissions by 2016 is not intended to be
interpreted as a strictly school or building-based goal, when applied to Andover Library the
buildings EUI target becomes 145.3 kBtu per square foot.
Nationwide benchmarking indicates that the Library is operating better than 52% of libraries comparablein size, occupancy, and scheduling. If the building implemented all of the ECRs identified in this report,it would be operating superior to 69% of comparable libraries. If the building was operating at itsGreenhouse Gas Reduction Goal kBtu per square foot target, it would be functioning better than 76% ofcomparable libraries. Both of these operational efficiency standards would satisfy the Minimum Energy
Performance Prerequisite of LEED for Existing Buildings: Operation and Maintenance Rating System.
3.0 GENERAL INFORMATION
3.1 Audit Team
Harvards Energy Auditing Services is the result of collaboration between Facilities MaintenanceOperations (FMO) and the Office for Sustainability (OFS). Tony Ragucci, Associate Director of FMO,served as the program manager. Kevin Sheehan of FMO led the technical equipment review. KevinBright of OFS assisted on inspections and drafted all report findings, and Greg Kousidis and John Ritz,both technicians in FMO, provided field support.
3.1 Audit Process
To begin the audit process, the team collected historical energy data and floor plans for the Library. Thesquare footages of various space types were determined for benchmarking purposes and the size andlocation of pertinent mechanical equipment documented.
The audit team visited the Library over the course of three and half weeks in March and April, collecting
specific information on the mechanical, lighting, and plumbing systems as well as occupancy, scheduling,and use patterns. Temporary measurement equipment was installed on electrical panels to trend usageand identify specific energy conservation opportunities. A visual inspection of the building envelope,with focus on window and door systems, was performed. The audit team also incorporated the results ofa recent infrared thermographic building efficiency report (see Appendix C). Ultimately, eachrecommendation was priced and energy savings and payback estimates calculated.
The submittal prepared by the audit team exceeded ASHRAE Level II Energy Audit standards due
to enhanced utility monitoring and greenhouse gas reduction reporting. More information regardingthe submittals and data collection necessary for an ASHRAE Level II Energy Audit can be found inAppendix E.
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Electricity SteamChilled
Water
WaterGHG
ReductionkWh MMBTU Ton/Days CCF MTCDE
Policy / OperationsResequence hot water valves of baseboard
heating in Old Stacks- 173 - - 14 5,867 - 0 1,200 - 0.20
Insulation Install insulation on copper piping in Old Stacks - 210 - - 17 7,143 3,000 0 3,000 174 0.42
Policy / Operations Shut down AHU-1 during unoccupied hours 24,526 103 59 - 20 8,034 360 0 360 18 0.04
Water Conservation -
FixturesWater fixture / fitting upgrade 1,213 - - 129 0.5 1,920 1,636 0 1,636 3,596 0.85
Motor/VFD Install a VFD on supply fan of AHU-1 6,043 116 7 - 12 4,983 15,161 3,150 12,011 1,001 2.41
Motor/VFD Install a VFD on supply and return fans of AHU-2 17,722 191 22 - 23 9,550 20,911 6,450 14,461 629 1.51
Policy / Operations Replace primary and secondary filters on AHU-1 1,255 - - - 1 201 500 0 500 1,000 2.49
Policy / Operations Replace secondary filter on AHU-2 975 - - - 0.4 156 250 0 250 685 1.60
Policy / Operations Shut down computer and monitors in Basement 8,391 - - - 3 1,343 500 0 500 161 0.37
Lighting Old Stack Lighting Controls 3,100 - - - 1 496 2,600 338 2,263 1,945 4.56
LightingInstall photocell for wall sconce fixtures in
staircase1,725 - - - 1 276 825 113 713 770 2.58
Policy / Operations Shut down office equipment at night 1,151 - - - 0.4 184 360 0 360 835 1.96
Lighting Office Lighting Controls 420 - - - 0.2 67 200 113 88 554 1.30
Lighting Copy/Study Room Lighting Controls 730 - - - 0.3 117 350 225 125 456 1.07
DDC / HVAC Controls Adjust existing Honeywell thermostats 4,301 - - - 2 688 600 0 600 300 0.87
Insulation Insulate Penthouse Panel - 1 - - 0.1 50 200 0 200 1,667 4.02
Total Savings from Recommendations 71,552 795 88 129 96 41,075 47,453 10,388 38,266 144 0.93
Percentage Reduction in Utility Consumption 13% 29% 2% 24% 22% - - - - - -
TOTAL FY08 Utility Consumption 563,927 2,704 4,341 526 437.8 - - - - - -
Payback
Utility
RebateTotal Costs $
Total
Savings $ Net Costs $
Facility ECR Reporting Template
Cost ($) /
MTCDEEnergy Conservation MeasureMeasure Type
Facility name: Andover Library - Harvard Divinity School
4.0 ENERGY CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 Energy Conservation Recommendation Summary Template
5
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4.2 Low Cost Energy Conservation Recommendations
ECR-1
Existing Condition: Simultaneous Heating and Cooling
A number of the Siemens hot water valves located in the Old Stacks area have failed open. The baseboardshould only be heating when the space temperature of the stack area falls below 60 F. The audit teamvisited the stack area when AHU-2 was discharging air at 65 F and 84 F. The baseboard heating wasoperating in both circumstances. A Siemens representative walked the space and confirmed that thevalves were not operating properly.
Recommendation: ECR#1 recommends that the existing Siemens hot water perimeter valves be reset tothe lowest allowable temperature set point of 60 F. This would operate the hot watersystem as a backupheating system to AHU-1. According to the operations staff, an ideal temperature for the space is 60 F.For this reason, we recommend using AHU-1 as the primary means to maintain that temperature and onlyoperate the baseboard heating system to meet a supplemental load. The audit team recommendsaddressing this item before the swing season approaches in order to minimize unnecessary chilled waterconsumption.
Implementation: The pricing for this recommendation assumes the cost to reset the temperature controlpoint of the valves and thermostats to be $1200. The savings analysis assumes that 10 feet of baseboardon each floor is operating continuously 180 days of the year.
ECR-2
Existing Condition:Un-insulated PipingIn the Old Stack area there is approximately 590 feet of copper piping ranging from (1/2 4) inch in sizethat are un-insulated. The heat loss to the conditioned Stack Area is estimated to be 48,706 Btu/hr.Separate visits to the building confirmed hot water flowing through a portion of this piping despite a
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within the stacks and heating hot water temperature of 180 F. As a number of hot water valves wereoperating permanently open, the savings calculation assumes that hot water is flowing through the pipes24 hours a day, 180 days per year in its current state.
ECR-3
Existing Condition:Equipment Operating During Unoccupied HoursAHU-1 is a 100% outside air unit operating 24/7/365. Electric demand profiles measured by FMO verifythis condition. The building is scheduled to be unoccupied 75 hours a week. AHU-1 has a 10horsepower (HP) supply fan, a steam preheat coil, a chilled water coil, and a steam reheat coil. Attachedto the discharge air ductwork are two electric heaters used for reheat when the district steam is notavailable.
Recommendation: The unit should be shut down during unoccupied library hours. This will allow thebuilding to conserve energy by reducing electric, steam, and chilled water consumption during off-hours.
Implementation: The cost estimate includes the time it would take to reprogram AHU-1 to shut downduring off-hours. The annual energy savings are based on AHU-1 being off during unoccupied hours.Energy and cost savings are based on an average outdoor winter temperature of 39 F and an averageoutdoor summer temperature of 69 F. The Library is scheduled open 350 days a year for an average of
13.3 hours each day.)
Note: Following review of Andover Library Preliminary Audit Report, building manager
immediately made the recommended change to the operating schedule for this equipment.
ECR-4
E i i C di i Ob l d
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Recommendation: ECR #4 recommends the conversion of the bathroom fixtures and fittings describedabove with the following: nine low flow dual flushometers (1.6/1.1 GPF), eight 0.5 GPM aerators, andone ultra low flow 0.125 GPF urinal.
Implementation: The budget estimates the price to furnish and install the new flushometers, aerators, andurinal, as well as the disposal of the old fixtures and fittings. Fixture and fitting usage patterns are basedon guidelines provided by the USGBCs LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations and MaintenanceRating System.
ECR-5
Existing Condition:Lack of Automatic ControlsAHU-1 provides ventilation for nine small FCUs and AHUs throughout the New Stack space. The smallFCUs and AHUs operate on the same schedule as the Library, although they serve offices and storagespaces located on floors 2, 3 and 4 that are typically unoccupied after 6 p.m.
Recommendation: Install automatic control dampers on the fresh air ducts that ventilate the spacesserved by these smaller fan coil and air handling units. Program the thermostats to shut down the fansand their respective outside air dampers during unoccupied hours or as needed to maintain unoccupiedsetpoints. Reductions in outside air flow will enable AHU-1 to modulate down with the installation of aVariable Frequency Drive (VFD) lowering electric, steam, and chilled water costs. There are a total of 43hours each week where these smaller units are ventilating unoccupied spaces.
Implementation: The cost estimate includes the price to furnish and install the VFD, automatic controldampers and wiring as well as the expense to reconfigure the control system. The reduction in electric,steam, and chilled water consumption reflect an assumed 30% reduction in annual air volume from AHU-1 when operated with a VFD. Incentives totaling $3,150 are available through NSTARs EnhancedRebate Program until June 1, 2009.
ECR-6
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Recommendation: Install automatic control dampers for the lower levels of the Old Stack area to allowAHU-2 to ramp down when the library is closed or when its temperature set points are satisfied. Thischange will save a substantial amount of electricity, steam, and chilled water, as the unit is fairly large,
and currently operates year-round. The audit team recognizes the importance of moving air over the rarebooks for preservation purposes; however, reducing ventilation of the bottom levels of the Old Stack areais also an energy conservation opportunity.
Implementation: The cost estimates the price to furnish and install two VFDs, automatic controldampers for the supply ductwork, and wiring, as well as the expense to reconfigure the controls.Installing the VFDs and automatic control dampers is estimated to allow the unit to function 30% lessthan its current operation. The savings documented in the table above reflect these assumptions.Incentives totaling $6,450 are available through NSTARs Enhanced Rebates Program until June 1, 2009.
Note: Following review of Andover Library Preliminary Audit Report, building manager
reported that the location for rare book collection will be studied more comprehensively
in the coming year.
ECR-7
Existing Condition:Excessive Static Pressure DropAHU-1 has a primary and secondary set of filters. The primary filter is a two-inch thick filter with aMERV 8 rating and the secondary filter is 12-inches thick with a MERV-13 rating. Combined, the two
filters create a static pressure drop of 0.63 inches.
Recommendation: Replace the primary and secondary filters with a single 2-inch thick electro-staticallycharged filter. This alteration will lower the static pressure drop in the unit by 0.3 inches to 0.33 inches.Lowering the static pressure drop will allow the supply fan in AHU-1 to operate against less resistance,saving electric motor energy.
Implementation: The price includes the cost to remove the existing filters, the premium for thereplacement filter, and the time needed by operations personnel to change the supply fan motor speedaccordingly. There are no NSTAR rebates available for this recommendation. The audit teamrecommends the electro-static filters be tested on AHU-1 to determine if they perform comparably to thecurrent filters (filter capacity, service life) while successfully lowering the static pressure drop beforeconsidering for AHU-2.
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Existing Condition:Excessive Static Pressure DropAHU-2 has a primary and secondary filter bank. The primary filter is a two-inch thick filter with a MERV8 rating and the second filter is 12 inches thick with a MERV-13 rating. The secondary filter bank has a
static pressure drop of 0.37 inches.Recommendation: Replace the secondary filter bank with a comparably-sized 12 inch secondary filterthat has a static pressure drop of 0.31 inches. This alteration will lower the static pressure drop in the unitby 0.05 inches. Lowering the static pressure drop will allow the supply and return fans in AHU-2 tooperate against less resistance, saving electric motor energy.
Implementation: The price accounts for the cost to furnish and install the new filters, as well as performthe mechanical work necessary to change the supply and return fan motor speeds accordingly. There areno NSTAR rebates available for this recommendation. If the electro-static filters perform well in AHU-1,the audit team recommends the operations staff evaluate the possibility of replacing the primary andsecondary filter systems with a single electro-statically charged filter bank in AHU-2 to realize furtherelectric savings.
ECR-9
Existing Condition: Computer Terminal Stations left on during Unoccupied Hours
After completing an audit of the computer lab, 19 of 20 computer terminal stations were found to be onduring unoccupied hours. Signage throughout the Library asks visitors to Log off computers when they
are done using them. The Andover Library contains a total of 99 desktop computer stations, althoughonly the units in the computer lab were surveyed.
Recommendation: Library staff should educate occupants and remind visitors, students, and staff shutdown all desktop computers at the close of each day. An additional means to ensure shut down is toinstall software that automatically places the computers in sleep mode and/or shut down at the end of eachday.
Implementation: The budgetary estimate includes the cost to create and place new signage throughoutthe Library as well as purchase a software program to ensure the Librarys computers enter sleep mode orare shut down at the end of each day. The electric savings are calculated based on estimates that CPUsconsume 77 watts when left logged on and monitors consume 44 watts in screen saver mode. Wattagesavings were calculated by assuming the 19 computer terminals would be shut down on an average of10.7 hours each day.
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ECR-10
Existing Condition:Lack of Automatic ControlsThe main corridors of the Old Stacks contain fifty (50) linear fluorescent T8 lamps. The bottom threefloors are open to the public and the lighting in these areas is controlled by a time clock set to the library
schedule, while the light fixture for each stack aisle is operated by pull chain switch. The top two floorsof the Old Stacks are secured and the lamps in the three main corridors are controlled by a wall switch oneach floor. Like the lower floors, the light for each stack is operated by pull chain switch.
Recommendation: Convert the Old Stack lighting controls from wall switches or time clocks tooccupancy sensors. By installing nine hall occupancy sensors, these lamps will turn on only when aperson enters the stack area.
Implementation: The cost estimate accounts for the price to furnish and install the occupancy sensors,
and perform and rewiring necessary in the Old Stack area. The Lamps in the Old Stack area are estimatedto be shut off an additional six hours a day. Incentives, totaling $337, are available through NSTARsEnhanced Incentives Program until June 1, 2009.
ECR-11
Existing Condition:Lack of Automatic ControlsThirteen (13) wall sconce fixtures are used to illuminate a south-facing staircase in Andover Library. Thelights are controlled by a set of wall switches located on each floor. Each fixture contains two 26-watt
compact fluorescent lamps. The staircase itself contains a large area of glazing that extends from the firstto the fourth floor.
Recommendation: Convert the lighting controls for the wall sconce fixtures from wall switches to aphotocell in order to account for daylight in the space. The wall sconce fixtures will only be activatedwhen there is not ample daylight to illuminate the staircase. The stairway also contains a linearfluorescent lamp on each floor that provides enough light to meet minimum foot-candle building code
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ECR-12
Existing Condition: Office Equipment left on during Unoccupied Hours
The Library contains 15 large appliances for printing and copying purposes including: 4 large printers, 4small printers, 6 copiers, and 5 card swipe machines. These pieces of office equipment in sleep mode
draw 20 watts, 10 watts, 10 watts, and 17 watts, respectively.
Recommendation: Install a timer on these appliances to make sure that they are off when the Library isclosed. By plugging these appliances into one power strip and plugging the power strip into a timer, theappliances will shut down during off-hours.
Implementation: The cost estimate includes the price to furnish and install six timers and surgeprotectors in the five copy or printing rooms in the Library. The payback estimate assumes that the officeequipment is operating in sleep mode when the library is unoccupied 365 days a year.
ECR-13
Existing Condition:Lack of Automatic ControlsOffices located on the third floor of the New Stack area contain four 32 watt T8 lamps. The lamps arecontrolled by a light switch nearby each entrance. Each office contains an estimated 40 square foot east-facing window.
Recommendation: Convert the office lighting controls from a wall switch to an occupancy sensor withphotocell capability to turn off the lights when a room is unoccupied, or when there is ample daylight tothe space.
Implementation: The cost estimate includes the price to furnish and install the sensors in the third flooroffices of the Library. Payback calculations assume that the lights in each office would be turned off 3hours per day. Incentives totaling $112.50, are available through NSTARs Enhanced Rebate Programavailable until June 1 2009
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ECR-14
Existing Condition:Lack of Automatic Daylight ControlsThree copy rooms and three study rooms located in the Old Stacks area have wall switch lightingcontrols. In each copy room there are two 32 watt fluorescent lamp fixtures, while in each study room
there is a single 26 watt compact fluorescent lamp fixture.
Recommendation: Convert the lighting controls in the copy and study rooms from wall switches tooccupancy sensors to shut off the lights in the room when it is unoccupied.
Implementation: The budget estimate includes the price to furnish and install six occupancy sensors.The audit team estimated that these sensors will shut these lights off an additional three hours a day. Theincentives, totaling $225, are available through NSTARs Enhanced Rebate Program available until June1, 2009.
ECR-15
Existing Condition:Lack of Fan Coil Unit ControlsSeveral Honeywell programmable thermostats had improper time and unoccupied setpoints. Multiplethermostats were operating the fans in unoccupied modes.
Recommendation: Program the Honeywell thermostats to turn off the fans during unoccupied periods.By utilizing the Intelligent Fan Function and readjusting the times and setpoints of programmable
thermostat, the building will maximize electric savings.
Implementation: The budgetary price includes the cost to reprogram the twenty-nine (29) Honeywellthermostats to use the Intelligent Fan Function. Electric savings are estimated using the followingassumptions: (1) a typical workday ends at 6 p.m.; (2) the affected offices are closed 2 weeks a year; and(3) the offices are unoccupied on Saturdays and Sundays. There are no NSTAR rebates available for thisrecommendation
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ECR-16
Existing Condition: A thermal imaging scan of the Library revealed that a substantial amount of heatwas leaking from a sheet metal panel located in the penthouse of the New Stack area.
Recommendation: Insulate the sheet metal panel in order to prevent heating and cooling lossesthroughout the year.
Implementation: The budgetary cost includes the price to furnish and install insulation for the sheetmetal panel. There are no NSTAR rebates available for this recommendation.
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4.3 Capital Grade Measures Requiring Further Analysis:
ECR - 17 Install Automatic Control Dampers on fresh air ducts to modulate based on officeoccupancy and replace programmable thermostats with wireless Siemens control
points.
This recommendation is an alternate to ECR-5 and suggests installing automatic control dampers for thefresh air ducts dedicated to all office spaces, including fan coil units, AHUs, and local ventilation. Theventilation of the spaces will be controlled with motion sensors. AHU-1 will modulate based on systemstatic pressure saving electric, steam and chilled water. The installation of twenty-nine (29) Siemenswireless thermostats is also integrated into this analysis. This recommendation requires further analysis ofbuilding occupancy patterns to calculate costs and estimated paybacks.
ECR - 18 Evaluate the appropriateness of the Old Stacks area as a depository for rare books
After completing the walk-through of the Old Stacks area, the audit team questioned its suitability as adepository for aged and rare Divinity School documents. The Old Stacks core and shell have not beensubstantially renovated since its construction in 1910 nor is the HVAC system capable of delivering theenvironmental conditions needed to preserve the rare book collection. The audit team recommends theDivinity School evaluate the benefits of storing these items on campus against the cost of running AHU-2year-round to provide a less than ideal environment for the rare books collection. The electric cost of
running the supply and return fans of AHU-2 year-round costs the Library over $26,000 annually.
ECR 19 Evaluate the operation of the Hot Water and Chilled Water Pumps
The 10 HP chilled water pump has been observed operating continuously at 50 hertz (208 volts / 21Amps) defeating the value of the variable speed drive. The audit team recommends inspecting the controlvalves throughout the facility and adjusting both the hot water and chilled water pump controlsaccordingly. Operating properly, the variable frequency drive will help conserve energy by reducing the
pump output when load is low.
ECR 20 Review the application of the Electric Heaters on AHU-1 and AHU-2
AHU-1 has two electric heaters in the supply air ductwork and AHU-2 has one 60 kW heater in thedischarge air ductwork. AHU-1 has a steam preheat and reheat coil, while AHU-2 has a steam reheat coilin order to temper air delivered to the office and stack spaces. Currently, the electric heaters are in theoperational mode and can turn on if the building ever needs supplemental heating. The audit teamrecommends the electric duct heaters be interlocked with the steam controls and adjusted accordingly.
ECR 21 Install a steam meter dedicated to Andover Library
The Library currently shares a steam condensate return meter with Andover Hall. The audit teamrecommends installing metering dedicated to the Library in order to better track steam usage. It isdifficult to quantify the steam usage of each building and challenging to locate the source of a problem
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5.0 UTILITY ANALYSIS
5.1 Utility Rate Schedules
The table below outlines the current utility rates used to calculate the savings and paybacks of theconservation recommendations included in this report (provided by UOS).
Utility Rate Schedule
(July 2008 through June 2009)
Utility Unit Rate
Steam MMBtu 33.95
Chilled Water Ton-Days 10.49
Electricity kWh 0.16
Water CCF 13.42
5.2 CO2 Equivalents
The table below lists the metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalents for each ton-day of chilledwater, MMBtu of steam, and kWh of electricity consumed on campus between fiscal years 2006and 2008. These factors were used to estimate the greenhouse gas reductions for each energyconservation recommendation at the Library.
Carbon Dioxide Equivalents by Utility Type
Years Chilled Water
(MTCDE/Ton-Day)
Steam
(MTCDE/MMBtu)
Electricity
(MTCDE/kWh)
FY06 0.00730 0.09785 0.000370
FY07 0.00597 0.08576 0.000383
FY08 0.00567 0.08208 0.000375
5.3 Annual Degree Days FY06 - FY08 & Regression Curve
The graphs below provide the number of heating and cooling degree days for Cambridge, Massachusettsfor the past three fiscal years AHU recommendations reporting steam and chilled water savings used the
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Heating Degree Days FY06- FY08
Heating Degree Days Historical Information
5,388
5,345
5,369
5320
5330
5340
5350
5360
5370
5380
5390
5400
Heating Degree Days
Fiscal Years
HeatingDegreeDays
2006
2007
2008
Cooling Degree Days FY06 FY08
Cooling Degree Days Historical Information
852
871
922
800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
Heating Degree Days
Fiscal Years
CoolingDegreeDays
2006
2007
2008
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The slope of the line in each chart represents the incremental energy consumption for Heating orCooling Degree Days. The intercepts represent the non-heating/cooling, or weather independent,load in MMBtus (for steam) or Ton-Days (for chilled water.)
R2 indicates the confidence level between the two variables in each chart (the relationshipbetween the number of heating degree-days and steam usage or the number of cooling degree-days and chilled water use at the Library.) An R2 value above 0.75 typically indicatesconsumption is closely related to weather conditions. Clearly, the R2 value of 0.83 for steam usereflects a strong correlation between the Librarys steam use and heating degree-days. However,the extremely low R2 value of 0.11 on the chilled water system for the same period shows that useis not closely correlated to weather conditions. This indicates there may be simultaneous heatingand cooling or some other problem and should be investigated further.
Andover Library Regression Chart
Steam (MMBTU's)= 600.83 * HDD + 56268
y = 600.83x + 56268
R2 = 0.8228
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
0 500 1,000 1,500
Heating Degree Days
HDD
Steam
MMB
TUs
Andover Library HDD vs. Steam
Use
Andover Library Regression Chart
Chilled Water (Ton - days)= 1.095* CDD + 581.64
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Ton-Days
Series1
Linear (Series1)
Linear (Series1)
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5.4 Energy Performance Summary by Fiscal Year
Examining the historical energy data of the Library is a requirement of an ASHRAE Level II audit. Thetable below shows the energy performance of the Library from fiscal year 2006 through 2008 with totals
highlighted in red. The data shows that while electricity consumption has remained relatively stable,steam and chilled water use have varied considerably over the three-year period. For example, asignificant spike in chilled water consumption made FY07 the most expensive of the three years analyzed.
Energy Performance Summary by Fiscal Year
Year Energy Type
MetricTons of
CO2Equivale
nt
TotalAnnual
Use
ConversionMultiplier
ThousandBTU
(kBtu)
Total AnnualCost
Electricity (kWh) 208.65 563,927 3.412 1,924,119 $ 90,228
Steam (MMBtu) 198.76 2,704 - 2,704,200 $ 91,808
Chilled Water (Ton-Days) 30.39 4,341 288 1,250,208 $ 45,537
FY08
Totals 437.80 - - 5,878,527 $ 227,573
Electricity (kWh) 207.84 561,723 3.412 1,916,599 $ 89,876
Steam (MMBtu) 156.07 2,123 - 2,123,400 $ 72,089
Chilled Water (Ton-Days) 61.24 8,749 288 2,519,712 $ 91,777FY07
Totals 425.15 - - 6,559,711 $ 253,742
Electricity (kWh) 206.18 557,245 3.412 1,901,320 $ 91,945
Steam (MMBtu) 125.73 1,711 - 1,710,600 $ 58,075
Chilled Water (Ton-Days) 34.48 4,925 288 1,418,400 $ 51,663FY06
Totals 366.39 - - 5,030,320 $ 201,684
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5.5 Utility Usage FY 08
The Library utilities including electricity, steam, chilled water, and city water in FY08 total $234,632.
Since the Library does not have a dedicated steam meter, the combined current and historical steam usagefrom Andover Hall and the Library was divided proportionally between the two buildings based on squarefootage.
The graphs below provide energy consumption and utility cost data for the Library. In FY08, in terms ofthousands of Btus, the Library consumed more steam than any other utility, followed by electricity andchilled water.
Andover Library FY 2008 Utility Data
33%
21%
46%Electric
Chilled Water
Steam
The graph below shows utility spending for the Library in FY08. The more expensive electricity (on autility unit basis) almost matches the steam spending, despite the fact that substantially less electricity isconsumed on a Btu basis.
Andover Library FY 2008 Utility Cost Data
90228.32
45537.09
7058.92
Electric Cost
Steam
Chilled Water
City Water
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5.6 Utility Usage FY 07
The Librarys FY07 utility bills for electricity, steam, chilled water and water total $260,895. The graph
below provides energy consumption and utility cost data for the Library. In FY 2007, utility consumptionwas more evenly distributed than in FY08. The Library, on a thousand of Btu basis, consumed morechilled water than any other utility with steam and electricity following closely.
Andover Library FY 2007 Utility Data
29%
39%
32%
Electric
Chilled Water
Steam
The graph below shows utility spending for the Library in FY07. Despite increased chilled waterconsumption in FY07, steam and electric comprised a majority of the utilities budget, with each close to$90,000.
Andover Library FY 2007 Utility Cost Data
89875.68
72089.43
91777.01
7152.86
Electric Cost
Steam
Chilled Water
City Water
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5.7 Utility Usage FY 06
The Librarys utility bills for electricity, steam, chilled water and water in FY06 totaled $209,857
annually. In FY06, on a thousand of Btus basis, the library consumed more electricity (38%) than anyother utility. Steam and chilled water were close behind at 34% and 28%, respectively.
Andover Library FY 2006 Utility Data
38%
28%
34%
Electric
Chilled Water
Steam
The graph below shows utility spending for the Library. As documented in the graph above, the Libraryconsumed more electricity than any other utility. Steam and chilled water costs combined representedroughly half of the utility spending of the Library.
Andover Library FY 2006 Utility Cost Data
89159.2
58054.5
51663.25
8172.78
Electric Cost
Steam
Chilled Water
City Water
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5.8 End Use Component Energy Usage Breakdown
The table below provides energy consumption and cost breakdowns for the Library, including
comparisons by end use components. Since there are no sub-meters to continuously measure electricalloads within the Library, the Audit Team used portable electrical data loggers to record actual usage overtime periods ranging up to one week and used these results to extrapolate annual distribution loads (ratherthan simply estimating internal electrical loads based on square footage or some other reference).
Annual Energy Consumption by End Use Components FY 2008
Electricity Steam Chilled Water Total
End UsekWh Mbtu Mbtu Mbtu Mbtu
% of
TotalUse
TotalCost ($)
% of
TotalCost
Heating andCooling - - 2,704,200 1,250,208 3,954,408 67% 137,345 60%
Lighting 99,828 340,611 - - 340,611 6% 15,972 7%
Plug Load 84,952 289,856 - - 289,856 5% 13,592 6%
AHUs 162,060 552,949 - - 552,949 9% 25,930 11%
Pumps 45,750 156,099 - - 156,099 3% 7,320 3%All otherMechanicalEquipment* 180,493 615,840 - - 615,840 10% 28,879 12%
TOTAL 573,082 1,955,356 - - 5,909,764 100% 229,038 100%
* Includes: PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4, PP5, net of the load from the AHUs and Pumps.
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5. 9 Energy Use and Cost Indices by Fiscal Year
Calculating historical energy usage on a square footage basis is a requirement of an ASHRAE Level II
audit. The table below displays the energy performance data in consumption and cost per square foot.Similar to the data above, there is a considerable variation in the utility costs at the Library in each fiscalyear.
Between 2006 and 2007, utility costs increased by $0.88 per square foot, and from 2007 to 2008 droppedby $0.45 per square foot. As documented in the table above, this is largely due to the fluctuating steamand chilled water usage over this period. These variations are not correlated to historical weatherconditions (see Heating and Cooling Degree Day Charts). The absence of any utility submeters in theLibrary makes it difficult to determine the precise cause for these fluctuations. However, the Regression
Curves included in Section 5.3 of this report point to the possibility of simultaneous heating and coolingtaking place. The annual cost indices for the Library, in dollars per square foot, are highlighted in red.
Energy Use and Cost Indices by Fiscal Year
Year Metric Utility Data
Energy Utilization Index (kBtu/ft2 /year) 100.92
Cost Index ($/ft2/year) 3.91
Water Used (CCF) 526
Total Water Cost ($/year) 7,059
FY 08
Cost Index, Including Water ($/ft2/year) 4.03
Energy Utilization Index (kBtu/ft2 /year) 113
Cost Index ($/ft2/year) 4.36
Water Used (CCF) 533
Total Water Cost ($/year) 7,153
FY 07
Cost Index, Including Water ($/ft2/year) 4.48
Energy Utilization Index (kBtu/ft2 /year) 86.36
Cost Index ($/ft2/year) 3.46
Water Used (CCF) 609FY 06
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5.10 Electrical Demand by FY06 through FY08
Review of electrical demand data is a requirement of an ASHRAE Level II audit. The table illustrates
that the maximum and minimum electrical demands are unchanged over three years. The data shows thatthere are approximately 37 kW of base electrical load at the Library. Many of the energy conservationrecommendations focused on reducing this base load.
Electrical Demand FY06 through FY08
Years Metric Electrical Data
Maximum Demand (kW) 102
Maximum Demand (watts/ft2) 1.75
Minimum Demand (kW) 37
FY06 FY08
Minimum Demand (watts/ft2) 0.64
6.0 ANDOVER LIBRARY MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
6.1 HVAC Systems
The Library is ventilated with two air-handling units (AHUs). AHU-1 is located in the attic of the NewStacks area. The unit delivers 100% outdoor air at the rate of 6300 cfm to the New Stack area andtypically operates 93 hours a week. It has a 10 HP motor that operates the supply fan. This unit also hasa face and bypass arrangement containing a steam preheat coil, chilled water coil, and steam reheat coil aswell as two discharge air electric reheats. It contains a 2 Aerostar prefilter, and a 12 Durafil ESsecondary filter.
AHU-2 serves the Old Stack area, delivering 13,000 cfm 24/7/365. It has 20 HP supply fan motor and a 5HP return air fan. The unit has mixed air control, a chilled water coil, and a steam reheat coil as well asone 60 kW electric discharge air duct heater. It contains a 2 Aerostar pre-filter and a 12 Durafil ESsecondary filter.
6.2 Electrical System
The electrical system is equipped with a 1600 amp 3-phase service with a main breaker and one meter.The main breaker supplies one piece of switchgear with several distribution breakers. Appendix A detailsthe location and size of the main breakers located at the Library
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6.4 Chilled Water Metering
The chilled water metering consists of an ultrasonic flow meter and a supply and a return temperature
transmitter. These utility grade meters are maintained by the UOS Engineering & Utilities group and areused for billing chilled water use by ton-day.
6.5 Steam System
District steam is supplied from Harvards distribution network. The Library is fed through a 6 steam lineand operated at 100 psig. There are twenty-one (21) steam traps in the building. The buildings operatingsteam pressure is reduced to 10 psig through a series of pressure reducing valves. The steam is used forHeating Hot Water through a steam-to-water shell and tube heat exchanger (HX-1) located in thebasement of the Library. Steam is also used in the heating coils of the buildings two AHUs.
Steam consumption is calculated based on the volume of returned condensate. The Library shares acondensate return meter with Andover Hall (located in the basement). Metered usage is allocated to eachbuilding based on square footage.
6.6 Condensate System
The condensate system has a receiver with two 1.5 HP condensate pumps. Condensate is pumped toAndover Hall for metering as described above.
6.7 Control System
A Siemens Building Controls System controls all of the primary mechanical systems. Fan coil units thatsupply the office spaces, copy rooms, and study rooms are not on the Siemens control system. Instead,these spaces are controlled by twenty-nine (29) individually programmable thermostats. The head end of
the Siemens control system is located in the office of the Building Manager and is not monitored orcontrolled remotely. The audit team recommends that all campus building automation systems beconnected to the Harvard Operations Center to improve monitoring, control, information backup andemergency response. The documented sequence of operations was not available to review by the auditteam. Further existing building commissioning opportunities can be identified from this review.
6.8 Thermal Scan
A thermal scan of the building was performed by UOS on January 26, 2009. The thermograph identifiestemperature differentials of at least 10 F and displays these differences through changes in image color.High and low temperature differentials are called out. This information was used to help identify an un-insulated panel in the penthouse of the New Stack area (see ECR-16). Photos are in Appendix section10.2.
.
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AHU 1The following chart shows the actual electric consumption of AHU-1 over a 24-hour period. The datareveals that at 11:00 p.m., the electric load drops by approximately 200 watts, and at 9:00 a.m. the load
increased by approximately 200 watts.
AHU -1 Usage Profile 4-2 to 4-3
Recorded by Portable Recorder
33.13.23.33.43.53.63.7
3.83.9
4
0.56 0.67 0.77 0.88 0.98 0.08 0.19 0.29 0.4 0.5
kW AHU -1 Usage
AHU - 2The following chart shows the actual electrical usage of AHU-2 over a 24 hour period. The unit runs 24/7at full load. A significant cost saving could be realized by shutting down the unit during unoccupiedhours (see ECR-3).
AHU -2 Usage Profile 3-25 to 3-26
Recorded by Portable Recorder
10.90
11.05
11.20
11.35
11.50
14:30
:00
17:00
:00
19:30
:00
22:00
:00
0:30:
00
3:00:
00
5:30:
00
8:00:
00
10:30
:00
13:00
:00
kWh
AHU # 2 Usage
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AHU -2 Return Air Fan Electrical ProfileThe following chart shows the actual electric consumption of the return air fan of AHU-2 over the course3 days. It appears that the fan modulates down on Friday evening; however, from early Saturday morningthrough Monday, the fans electric consumption increases and stays relatively constant. ECR-6 proposesa method to better control this unit. Further investigation will require a review of the Sequence ofOperation for this equipment (to be supplied by the Building Manager).
Andover Library Return
Air Fan AHU -2 Usage
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
15:00:00
19:00:00
23:00:00
3:00
:00
7:00
:00
11:00:00
15:00:00
19:00:00
23:00:00
3:00
:00
7:00
:00
11:00:00
15:00:00
19:00:00
23:00:00
3:00
:00
7:00
:00
11:00:00
Friday 4-3-2009 thru Monday 4-6-2009
kWh
ActualPower
6.10 AHU - 1 Static Profile
Andover Library AHU-1
Chilled Motor Vo;tage 208
Filter Water Steam Motor Full Amps 18.2
Rack Coil Coil
Building
Inlet Air Design
6300
CFM
Measurement Point # 2 Measurement Point # 4
Measurement Point # 3
Measurement Point # 1 Measurement Point # 5
Motor
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6.11 AHU -2 Static Profile
Building
Return Andover Library AHU-212000 CFM
Measurement Point # 1
Motor Full Amps 17.1
Outs ide Motor Horsepower 5
Exhaust
Measurement Point # 2
Chilled Horsepower 20
Filter Water Steam Motor Full Amps 43
Rack Coil Coil
Building
Inlet Air Design
13000
CFM
Measurement Point # 5 Measurement Point # 7
Measurement Point # 6
Measurement Point # 3 Measurement Point # 4 Measurement Point # 8
Motor
Motor
AHU - 2 is designed to deliver 13000 CFM, as illustrated the unit is delivering 10200 CFM during the
actual test. ECR-8 proposes a method to reduce static pressure drop and increase unit performance.
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7.0 LEED FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS O&M
7.1 LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance (LEED EBOM)
Certification
This rating system is provided by the USGBC to recognize buildings that meet their green operations andmaintenance standards. Similar to the programs for New Construction or Commercial Interiors, LEEDEBOM provides credits to buildings who meet their standards in the following categories: SustainableSites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, Indoor EnvironmentalQuality, and Innovation in Operations.
7.2 LEED EBOM: EPA Portfolio Manager
As part of the energy audit process, the audit team created a Portfolio Manager account for the Library,approximated the buildings current credit total, and estimated its certification level.
EPA Portfolio Manager is a database organized by ENERGY STAR to allow buildings to benchmarktheir energy performance against similar buildings across the United States. In order to achievecertification under the Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance Rating system, the building needsto achieve a minimum energy performance threshold defined by LEED and Portfolio Manager. The level
of performance, reported in thousands of Btus per square foot, varies based on the type of spaces andfunctions of the building.
After compiling utility bills, square footages, and other basic building information, the audit teamconcluded that the Andover Library is performing favorably when compared to similar buildings. Itsbaseline weather normalized energy use index (EUI) is 207.5 kBtu per square foot. The audit teamselected ending its baseline period in December of 2006 in order to correlate any energy savings to theUniversitys Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goal.
As of March 31, 2009, the Library has a weather normalized EUI of 193.3 kBtu per square foot. In orderto reach the prerequisite for LEED EB certification, the Library needs to realize a 20% reduction in theirenergy use index. The building needs to lower its EUI by an additional 13 kBtu per square foot (to 181kBtu per square foot) to become certifiable. Instituting all of the energy conservations recommendationsidentified by the audit team will reduce the EUI by 42.5 kBtu per square foot (to 150.8 kBtu per squarefoot) and earn 5-6 points towards LEED: EBOM certification.
7.3 LEED EBOM Credit Totals
In order to satisfy key prerequisites for LEED EBOM certification, Andover would need to install adedicated steam meter, meet LEED EBOM Minimum Energy Performance levels, and verify that thebuilding is ventilating to ASHRAE 62.1 Guidelines. The current credit total, estimated by the audit team,is 42. There are 51 credits identified as maybes and depend on decisions made by the operations staff
d Th di i fid h i h l i l i dj h O i
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APPENDIX A: Electrical Panel Board Size and Locations
The tables below identify the size and location of electrical panels at the Library.
Lighting Panels
Main Breaker
Location
Breaker Name Main Size Panel Location
Basement LPB 125 Amp Basement
Basement LP1 & 2 250 Amp Basement
Basement LP3 / 4 225 Amps2nd Floor Copy Room /3rd Floor Electric Room
Plug Panel Inventory
Main Breaker
Location
Breaker Name Main Size Panel Location
Basement RBP 70 Amp Basement
Basement RPB 1 & 2 200 Amp 1st Floor Copy Room
Basement RPB 3 / 4 150 Amps
2nd Floor Copy Room /
3rd Floor Electric Room
Power Panel Inventory
Main Breaker
Location
Breaker Name Main Size Panel Locations
Basement PP 1 400 Amps Basement
Basement PP 2 Fed from PP5 Basement
Basement PP 3 Fed from PP51st Floor New Stacks
Electrical Room
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Elevator and Emergency Lighting and Plug Panel Inventory
Main Breaker
Location
Breaker Name Main Size Panel Location
Basement Elevator 1 125 Amp Elevator Penthouse
Basement Elevator 2 125 Amp Elevator Penthouse
Basement ELP B 125 AmpsBasement New Stack
Area
Basement EPP 150 Amps
Basement New Stack
Area
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APPENDIX B: Measured Electrical Data
Actual Electrical data was measured using a portable electrical data logger. Portable CurrentTransformers (CTs) and Power transformers (PTs) were installed on each breaker.
Chart # 1 - The electrical consumption curves follow the building schedule; however, the minimum loadis approximately 38 kWh.
Andover Library Measured Electrical Usage
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
8085
0:00
:00
2:00
:00
4:00
:00
6:00
:00
8:00
:00
10:0
0:00
12:0
0:00
14:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
18:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
22:0
0:00
kWh
Tuesday 3/10/2009
Wednesday 3/11/2009
Thursday 3/12/2009
Friday 3/13/2009
Saturday 3/14/2009
Sunday 3/15/2009
Monday3/16/2009
Chart # 2 - Main Building Electrical Survey -. The electrical curve follows the building schedule;however, the minimum load is approximately 38 kW.
Andover Library Demand Data Recorded by
FMO's Portable Meter
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
13:3
019
:00
0:30
6:00
11:3
017
:00
22:3
04:
009:
3015
:00
20:3
02:
007:
3013
:00
18:3
00:
005:
30
kW
Demand
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Chart # 3 - PP4 Usage Survey PP4 is the main mechanical supply panel. It serves all the majorequipment in the building. The electrical curves follow the building schedule; however, the minimumconsumption is approximately 18.5 kWh.
Andover Library Electrical Usage Data (PP4)
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
0:00:
00
2:00:
00
4:00:
00
6:00:
00
8:00:
00
10:0
0:00
12:0
0:00
14:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
18:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
22:0
0:00
kWh
Wednesday 3/18/2009
Thursday 3 /19/2009
Friday 3/20/2009
Chart # 4 - PP4 Demand Survey PP4 is the main mechanical supply panel and serves all the major
equipment in the building. The electrical curves follow the building schedule; however, the minimumload is approximately 18.5 kW.
Andover Library Electrical Demand Data (PP4)
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
10:0
0:00
12:3
0:00
15:0
0:00
17:3
0:00
20:0
0:00
22:3
0:00
1:00:
00
3:30:
00
6:00:
00
8:30:
00
11:0
0:00
13:3
0:00
16:0
0:00
18:3
0:00
21:0
0:00
23:3
0:00
2:00:
00
4:30:
00
7:00:
00
9:30:
00
kW
Demand
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Chart # 5 - LBP Usage Survey LBP is the lighting supply panel for the basement lighting. Theelectrical curve illustrates that at approximately midnight electrical usage falls to zero.
Andover Library ElectricalLighting Panel (LPB)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
13:00
:00
15:00
:00
17:00
:00
19:00
:00
21:00
:00
23:00
:00
1:00
:00
3:00
:00
5:00
:00
7:00
:00
9:00
:00
11:00
:00
13:00
:00
15:00
:00
17:00
:00
19:00
:00
21:00
:00
23:00
:00
1:00
:00
3:00
:00
5:00
:00
7:00
:00
9:00
:00
4-13-2009 (1300 hrs) to 4-10-2009 (9:30 A.M.)
kWh
Usage
Chart # 6 LBP 1 & 2 Usage Survey LBP is the lighting supply panel for the first and second floor
lighting. The electrical curve illustrates that at approximately midnight electric usage goes to zero.
Andover Library Electrical
Lighting Panel (LP1 +2)
0
1
2
3
45
6
7
8
9
10
10:00
:00
11:00
:00
12:00
:00
13:00
:00
14:00
:00
15:00
:00
16:00
:00
17:00
:00
18:00
:00
19:00
:00
20:00
:00
21:00
:00
22:00
:00
23:00
:00
0:00
:00
1:00
:00
2:00
:00
3:00
:00
4:00
:00
5:00
:00
4-20-2009 to 4-21-2009
kW
h
Actual
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Chart # 7 LBP 3 & 4 Usage Survey LBP is the lighting supply panel for the third and fourth floorlighting. The electrical curve illustrates that at approximately midnight the load goes to zero.
Andover Library ElectricalLighting Panel (LP 3 & 4)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
14:00
:00
16:00
:00
18:00
:00
20:00
:00
22:00
:00
0:00:
00
2:00:
00
4:00:
00
6:00:
00
8:00:
00
10:00
:00
11:30
:00
13:00
:00
4-14-2009 (1400 hrs) to 4-15-2009 (14:00 A.M.)
kWh
Usage
Chart # 8 - Receptacle Panel Basement Usage Survey RPB is the receptacle panel for the basementplug load. Over the course of three days, the electrical usage remains fairly constant.
Andover Library Electrical
Receptacle Panel (RPB)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
11:00
:00
13:00
:00
15:00
:00
17:00
:00
19:00
:00
21:00
:00
23:00
:00
1:00
:00
3:00
:00
5:00
:00
7:00
:00
9:00
:00
kWh
4/10/2009
4/11/2009
4/12/2009
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Chart # 9 - RP 1+2 Usage Survey RP 1+2is the receptacle panel for the basement plugging load onthe 1 and 2nd floor. The electrical curves illustrates that the load does drop when the Library closes.
Andover Library ElectricalReceptacle Panel (RP 1+2)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
15:00
:00
19:00
:00
23:00
:00
3:00
:00
7:00
:00
11:00
:00
15:00
:00
19:00
:00
23:00
:00
3:00
:00
7:00
:00
11:00
:00
15:00
:00
19:00
:00
23:00
:00
3:00
:00
7:00
:00
kWh
4-17 - 4-20 Usage Data
Chart # 10 - RP 3+4 Usage Survey RP 3+4is the receptacle panel for the basement plugging load on
the 3rd
and 4th
floor. The electrical curves illustrates that the load does drop when the Library closes.
Andover Library Electrical
Receptacle Panel (RP 3+4)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
15:0
0:00
17:0
0:00
19:0
0:00
21:0
0:00
23:0
0:00
1:00:
00
3:00:
00
5:00:
00
7:00:
00
9:00:
00
11:0
0:00
kWh
4/13-4/14 Usage Data
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APPENDIX C: Thermal Imaging Report
Infrared Thermographic BuildingEfficiency Inspection Report
Andover Library
45 Francis Avenue Cambridge, MA
March 24, 2009
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IR Image-1 Comments: The light colored areas illustrate warm air escaping from the
chimney vent. The black areas indicate the colder air. The temperature difference is 17.3degrees Fahrenheit. The outside temperature was 20 degrees Fahrenheit.
Direction NorthLocation Left of Building
Technician Bill Joy
Date 3/24/09
Time 4:29 a.m.
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Direction NorthLocation Left of Building
Technician B.Joy
Date 1/26/2009
Time 5:05:35 AM
IR Image-2 Comments: The light colored areas illustrate warm air escaping from thestructure Exterior door frame. The black areas indicate the cold. The temperature
difference is 13.4 degrees Fahrenheit. The outside temperature was 10 degreesFahrenheit.
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Direction WestLocation Rear of Building
Technician B.Joy
Date 1/26/2009
Time 5:05:42 AM
IR Image-3 Comments: The light colored areas illustrate warm air escaping from thestructure interior window frame. The black areas indicate the cold. The temperaturedifference is 10.3 degrees Fahrenheit. The outside temperature was 10 degrees Fahrenheit.
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Direction West
Location Rear of Building
Technician B.Joy
Date 1/26/2009
Time 5:05:48 AM
IR Image-4 Comments: The light colored areas illustrate warm air escaping from thestructure interior window frame. The black areas indicate the cold. The temperaturedifference is 8.4 degrees Fahrenheit. The outside temperature was 10 degrees Fahrenheit.
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IR Image-5 Comments: The light colored areas illustrate warm air escaping from thestructure gable vent. The black areas indicate the cold. The temperature difference is 43.8degrees Fahrenheit. The outside temperature was 10 degrees Fahrenheit.
Direction South
Location Right of Building
Technician B.Joy
Date 1/26/2009
Time 5:06:55 AM
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Direction SouthLocation Right of Building
Technician B.Joy
Date 1/26/2009
Time 5:07:04 AM
IR Image-6 Comments: The light colored areas illustrate warm air escaping from thestructure interior window frame. The black areas indicate the cold. The temperaturedifference is 11.5 degrees Fahrenheit. The outside temperature was 10 degrees Fahrenheit.
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IR Image-8 Comments: The light colored areas illustrate warm air escaping from the
Building structure. The black areas indicate the cold. The temperature difference is20.3 degrees Fahrenheit. The outside temperature was 10 degrees Fahrenheit.
Direction NorthLocation Left of Building
Technician B.Joy
Date 1/26/2009
Time 6:01:51 AM
APPENDIX D: Historical Utility Data
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APPENDIX D: Historical Utility Data
Historical Electrical Data
Electrical Chart # 1 The chart below illustrates the building electrical usage by month. The dataexhibits relatively consistent seasonal changes in electrical consumption from year to year.
Andover Library Monthly Historical
Usage Data
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
July
Septe
mber
Nove
mbe
r
Janu
ary
Mar
ch May
kWh
Fiscal 2006
Fiscal 2007
Fiscal 2008
Fiscal 2009 July -
Feb.
Electric Chart # 2 - The chart below illustrates the CO2 Equivalent of Andover Library electricconsumption.
Andover Library Yearly Historical kWh CO2
Equivalent
185
190
195
200
205
210
icTonsEquivalent
Fiscal 2006
Fiscal 2007
Fiscal 2008
Historical Chilled Water Data
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Historical Chilled Water Data
Chilled Water Chart # 1 This chart illustrates the building chilled water usage by month.
Andover Library Monthly Historical
Chilled Water Data
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
July
Augu
st
Septe
mbe
r
Octobe
r
Nove
mber
Dece
mber
Janu
ary
Febr
uary
March
April
May
June
Ton
-Days
Fiscal2006
Fiscal2007
Fiscal2008
Fiscal2009 July
Chilled Water Chart # 2 The chart below illustrates the CO2 Ton Day Equivalent.
Andover Library Yearly Historical
Ton-Day CO2 Equivalent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Metric tons of CO2 Equivalents factor (MTCDE)MetricT
on-DayEquivalen
t
Fiscal 2006
Fiscal 2007
Fiscal 2008
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Historical City Water Consumption
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Water Chart # 1 - The chart below illustrates the building city water usage by month.
Andover Library Monthly Historical
Water Usage Data
0255075100
125150175200225
July
Augu
st
Septe
mber
Octobe
r
Nove
mber
Dece
mber
Janu
ary
Febr
uary
MarchAp
rilMa
yJune
Ccf
Fiscal 2006
Fiscal 2007
Fiscal 2008Fiscal 2009 July - Feb.
APPENDIX E: ASHRAE Level II Report Guidelines
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A. General The deliverables from the Level II should include a written report detailing
the findings from the analysis.
B. Deliverables Consistent with the ASHRAE Procedures for Commercial Building EnergyAudits, the Level II Energy Survey and Engineering Analysis will includebut not be limited to the following criteria:
1. Review mechanical and electrical system design, installed condition,maintenance practices, and operating methods.
2. Review existing operating and maintenance problems. Determineplanned building changes.
3. Measure key operating parameters and compare to design levels, forexample, operating schedules, heating/cooling water temperature, supplyair temperature, space temperature and humidity, ventilation quantities,and light level at the task. Such measurements may be taken on a spotbasis, or logged, manually or electronically. Determine the sufficiencyof ventilation as required by ASHRAE 62.1 and thermal comfort
bandwidth based on ASHRAE 55. There should be a survey of tenantcomfort.
4. Prepare a breakdown of the total annual energy use into end-usecomponents, including plug loads, as illustrated in the 2007 ASHRAEHandbookApplications, Chapter 34. Baseline loads should be brokenout separately.
5. List all possible modifications to equipment and operations that would
save energy and reduce GHG emissions. List preliminary cost andsavings estimates.
6. Review the list of practical modifications with the owner/operator andselect those that will be analyzed further. Prioritize the modifications inthe anticipated order of implementation.
7. For each practical measure, estimate the potential savings in energy cost,GHG offset and its energy index. To account for interaction betweenmodifications, assume that modifications with the highest operational
priority and/or best return on investment will be implemented first.
8. Estimate the cost of each practical measure. Identify factors that maysignificantly affect the cost estimate.
9. Estimate the impact of each practical measure on building operations,i t t d ti t
differences between actual total energy use and calculated or simulatedd t t l
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end-use totals.
12.A description of the building, including typical floor plans andinventories of major energy-using equipment.
13.A list of measures considered including those with longer paybacks,renewables and those currently impractical with brief reasons forrejecting each.
14.For each practical measure, provide:
A discussion of the existing situation and why it is using excessenergy.
An outline of the measure, including its impact on occupanthealth, comfort, and safety.
A description of any repairs that are required for a measure to beeffective.
The impact on occupant service capabilities, such as ventilationfor late occupancy or year-round cooling.
An outline of the impact on operating procedures, maintenance
procedures, and costs. Expected life of new equipment and the impact on the life of
existing equipment.
An outline of any new skills required in operating staff andtraining or hiring recommendations.
Calculations performed or provide the name and version ofsoftware used and include both input and output data.
15.A table listing the estimated costs for all practical measures, the savings,the GHG offset and financial performance indicator. For the cost of eachmeasure, show the estimated accuracy of the value quoted.
16.Overall project economic evaluation.
17.Recommended measurement and verification method(s) that will berequired to determine the actual effectiveness of the recommendedmeasures.
18.Discussion of feasible capital-intensive measures that may require aLevel III analysis.
19. If applicable, electronic files of any energy modeling performed
20.Bid documents and specifications are not required at this level of audit.
APPENDIX F: Energy Conservation Recommendation Calculations
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ECR #:
1. Resequence hot water valves of baseboard heating in Old Stacks Assumptions:
a. 5 fin tubes operating incorrectlyb. Each fin tube is 10 feet in lengthc. Hot water fin tube emits 800 Btu/hr per footd. Each fin tube is operating 24 hours a day, 180 days a year
Calculation:a. Steam Usage (MMBtu) =(800*10*5*24*180)/1,000,000
2. Install insulation on copper piping in Old Stacks Assumptions:
a. Uninsulated pipe lengths: 40 feet of 3-inch pipe, 115 feet of 2.5inch pipe, 35feet of 2-inch pipe, 400 feet of 1.5-inch pipe
b. Uninsulated 3-inch pipe loses 141 Btu/hr, insulated 3-inch loses 16 Btu/hr
c. Uninsulated 2.5-inch pipe loses 115 Btu/hr, insulated 2.5-inch loses 14 Btu/hrd. Uninsulated 2-inch pipe loses 101 Btu/hr, insulated 2-inch loses 12 Btu/hre. Uninsulated 1.5-inch pipe loses 81 Btu/hr, insulated 1.5-inch loses 10 Btu/hrf. All pipes will be fitted with 1 inch of insulationg. Hot water temperature is 180 F
3. Shut down AHU-1 during unoccupied hours Steam Usage Assumptions:
a. 90 days when the heat will be continuously onb. 8 hours of heating each nightc. 21 average degree differential between interior (60) and exterior (39) winter
temperatures Steam Usage Calculation:
a. MMBtu = ((8*90*(6300*1.08*21))/(1000000)) Chilled Water Usage Assumptions:
a. On average, there are 276.76 hours during the summer where the nightly
temperatures are above 69F. This data was collected from Boston weather dataused for energy models. In this scenario, the AHU-1 will call for cooling inorder to temper the interior of the building.
b. 9 average degree differential between interior (60) and exterior (69)temperatures
d. 1000 watts in 1 kWh Electrical Usage Calculations:
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Electrical Usage Calculations:a. kWh = ((18.2*208*1.73*0.001)*10.7*350)
4. Water Fixture / Fitting Upgrade see attached ECR-4 Plumbing Fixtures p 57
5. Install a VFD on AHU-1 and install automatic control dampers on FCUs and smallAHUs
Steam Usage Assumptions:a. AHU-1 runs 7 months of the year during the heating seasonb. AHU-1 operates 4,650 hours per yearc. 21 average degree differential between interior (60) and exterior (39)
temperaturesd. AHU-1 run time will be reduced by 30%
Steam Usage Calculations:a. MMBtu = (((4650*0.583)*(6300*1.08*21*0.3))/(1000000))
Chilled Water Usage Assumptions:a. Cooling season lasts for 150 days of the yearb. 9 average degree differential between interior (60) and exterior (69)
temperaturesc. CHW usage is reliant on moving sensible and latent heat from spaced. AHU-1 run time will be reduced by 30%
Chilled Water Usage Calculations:a. Ton-days =((6300*1.08*9)+(6300*0.68*9)*30*5)*0.3/(12000*24)
Electric Usage Assumptions / Calculations - See Fan Drive Calculator for AHU-1 onpage 58
6. Install a VFD on supply and return fans of AHU-2 Steam Usage Assumptions:
a. AHU-2 heats the Old Stacks 24 hours a day, 90 days a yearb. 21 average degree differential between interior (60) and exterior (39)
temperaturesc. AHU-2 run time will be reduced by 30%
Steam Usage Calculations:
a. MMBtu = ((13000*1.08*21)*24*90*0.3)/1000000 Chilled Water Usage Assumptions:
a. Cooling season lasts for 150 days of the yearb. 9 average degree differential between interior (60) and exterior (69)
temperatures
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c. The office equipment is left in sleep mode or on 75 hours a week, 52 weeks ayear
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year. Electric Usage Calculations:
a. kWh = ((20*4*75*52)+(10*4*75*52)+(17*5*75*52)+(15*6*75*52))/1000
13.Office Lighting Controls -see attached Lighting Payback Analysis p 60
14.Copy/Study Room Lighting Controls - see attached Lighting Payback Analysis p 60
15.Adjust existing Honeywell thermostats Electric Usage Assumptions:
a. 1 HP = 746 wattsb. 2 FCU-M use 1/3 HP each, 1 FCU-E uses 42 watts, 1 FCU-H uses 152 watts, 1
FCU-N uses HP, 4 FCU-J use 234 watts eachc. The FCUs in these spaces are left running in office spaces for an additional 43
hours a week when the library is unoccupiedd. The library is open 50 weeks a year
Electric Usage Calculations:a. kWh = ((2*(1/3*746))+42+152+(0.5*746)+(4*234))*43*50)/1000
16.Insulate Penthouse Panel Steam Usage Assumptions:
a. Area of sheet metal is 9 square feetb. U factor of uninsulated panel is 1.0c. U factor of insulated panel is 0.05d. Difference between outside temperature and interior temperature is 31 F. e. Operating hours of 5,530 hours per year
Steam Usage Calculations:
a. MMBtu = [(3*3*(1)*5530*31)/1000000] [(3*3*(0.05)*5530*31)/1000000]
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57
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60