AndhrA PrAdesh stAte millenium development …apvision.ap.gov.in/APSDG/PDFs/AP_MDG Report...

planning departmentgovernment of andhra pradesh

AndhrA PrAdesh stAte

millenium development goals (mdg)

report 2015Assessing achievements of MdG in Andhra Pradesh

eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

1 2

achieve universal primary education

3

promote gender equality and empower women

4

reduce child mortality

5

improve maternal health

6

combat hiv/aids, malaria and other diseases

7

ensure environmental sustainability

8

a global partnership for development

Foreword

In 2000, 189 nations pledged themselves to the cause of eliminating extreme poverty and multiple

deprivations. this pledge became the eight Millennium development Goals (MdGs) to be achieved

by 2015. the Un secretary-General at the behest of the Un General Assembly prepared a road

map for achieving the commitments made in the declaration-resulting in the MdGs. the Goals

reflect key aims of various UN development conferences in the 1990s. They also build on the

International development Goals created by the organization for economic Cooperation and

development (oeCd) in 1996.

this MdG report provides a consolidated view of Andhra Pradesh’s performance on the 8 MdG

goals and 18 indicators therein. while the state has performed well on majority of the indicators,

there is an immense scope for improvement in several areas such as increasing enrolment in pri-

mary education and reducing the maternal and child mortality ratios. We intend to work towards

improving our performance on all such indicators. We aspire to make Andhra Pradesh amongst

one of the top three performing states in India by 2022. By 2029, we want to the best state in the

country. to achieve this, the state has adopted 7 missions, 5 grids and 5 campaigns.

the state bifurcation has brought in several challenges in terms of availability of exclusive datasets

for the state of Andhra Pradesh for monitoring and evaluation of performance. however, it is our

endeavor to work with the national and state agencies to ensure provision of more recent and

relevant data for the present state of Andhra Pradesh.

since 2015 happens to be the terminal year for the MdG and the world has now adopted sustainable

Development Goals (SDG), this report serves as a benchmark for our performance thus far and

also as a basis for our efforts to achieve the sdG.

(nara Chandrababu naidu)Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh

Introduction 1

executive summary 2

Goal 1: eradicate extreme Poverty and hunger 4

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary education 5

Goal 3: Promote Gender equality and empower women 6

Goal 4: reduce Child Mortality 7

Goal 5: Improve Maternal health 8

Goal 6: Combat hIV/AIds, Malaria, and other diseases 9

Goal 7: ensure environmental sustainability 11

Goal 8: develop a Global Partnership for development 12

Appendix - 1: MdGs - status of Performance of Andhra Pradesh 13

Appendix - 2: MdGs- AP’s Performance – data sources 15

Contents

At the Millennium summit in september 2000, leaders of 189 member countries adopted the Un Millennium declaration, committing their nations’ participation in a new global effort to reduce extreme poverty and laying out a set of targets, with a deadline of 2015, that have become known as the Millennium Development Goals (MdGs). the 8 MdGs are:

goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hungergoal 2: achieve universal primary educationgoal 3: promote gender equality and empower Womengoal 4: reduce Child mortalitygoal 5: improve maternal healthgoal 6: Combat hiv/aids, malaria, and other diseasesgoal 7: ensure environmental sustainabilitygoal 8: develop global partnership for development

For the last 15 years, MdGs had been the world’s time-bound and quantified targets for confronting extreme poverty in its multiple dimensions - income poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate housing, and exclusion - while promoting gender equality, education, and environmental sustainability. they are also the basic human rights of each person on the planet to health, education, shelter, and security.

As a signatory to the Millennium declaration, India has remained committed to reducing poverty and deprivations by adopting the MdG goals and targets. India’s MDG framework is based on UNDG’s MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 targets (targets 1 to 11 & 18) which are relevant for India and related 35 indicators. A revised indicator-framework drawn up by the Inter-Agency and Expert Group (IAeG) on MdGs came into effect in 2008. this framework had 8 Goals, 21 targets and 60 indicators. India has not endorsed this revised framework.

As a state which accords priority to the wellbeing of its people, Andhra Pradesh has pursued the MdGs with vigour. Commendable progress has been made by the state towards achieving the MdGs though the level of accomplishment varies across the different goals. the MdGs have passed their deadline of december 2015 and the world has embraced a new set of transformative sustainable development Goals (sdGs). This juncture is an opportune moment to take stock of the achievements of MdGs in Andhra Pradesh and identify learnings which can be incorporated into the framework of SDGs.

this report reviews the performance of Andhra Pradesh in attainment of MDGs. It also identifies key development concerns which the state has to confront in the post-2015 era in its journey towards becoming a more inclusive, sustainable, and happy society.

structure of the reportthis report provides a consolidated view of Andhra Pradesh’s performance on the MdG indicators at a state level. the executive summary is an overview of the state’s achievements. In subsequent chapters the trends and progress of each MdG goal, and its targets and indicators are discussed.

the preparation of this report has faced considerable data constraints. Post-bifurcation of erstwhile Andhra Pradesh in 2014, the statistical system has not fully reconfigured itself to reflect comprehensive separate records for residual Andhra Pradesh and telangana separately. therefore, data on some indicators are available only for the erst-while state. Another limitation is non-availability of data for the recent years. this is because majority of the official data at the national

Introduction

1

level is collected through surveys which are conducted once in a few years. Greater attention has been given to presenting the latest available official data in the report.

executive summarythe indian mdg framework

The MDG framework adopted by India and hence, Andhra Pradesh consists of all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 targets and 35 indicators.

The MDG framework of the country was designed after duly considering the existing official data in the statistical system. therefore, some indicators were dropped due to unavailability of reliable data and some indicators were modified to suit the Indian context.

andhra pradesh’s mdg performance

A snapshot of the MdG status of Andhra Pradesh in 2015 is provided in exhibit 1. Andhra Pradesh is estimated to have achieved some of the MdG targets such as for nutrition, gender parity in school education, tackling malaria and sanitation. however, there is a huge scope for improvement in performance on targets such as ensuring completion of school education and improving the living conditions of the slum population.

andhra pradesh in a Comparative mdg study

Andhra Pradesh aspires to be one amongst the three best states in India by 2022 and the best state of India by 2029. exhibit 2 provides a comparison of the performance of Andhra Pradesh vis-à-vis some other states in the country such as Kerala, tamil nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra.

exhibit 1: mdg status of andhra pradesh in 2015 note: targets in green: Achieved targets in blue: nearly achieved

targets in orange: Far from achievement

millennium development goals target achievement

1 halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day

24.87 percent (official poverty

line)8.27 percent (official poverty line)

2 halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger 22.21 percent 22.17 percent

3ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary education

100 72.17

4eliminate gender disparity in primary, secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education, no later than 2015.

1 Primary- 0.94

1 secondary- 1.01

5 reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the Underfive Mortality Rate

33 per 1,000 live births 41 per 1,000 live births

6 reduce by three quarters between 1990 and 2015, the Maternal Morality ratio

74.4 per 1,00,000 live births 85.18 per 1,00,000 live births

7 have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of hIV/AIds halt and reverse 0.75 percent in 2011 down from 0.91 in 2008

8 have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

halt and reverse Malaria incidence- 27.8 per lakh, down from 179.26 per lakh (1996)

halt and reverse Tuberculosis incidence- 73.24 per lakh, down from 139.6 per lakh (2008)

9Integrate the principle of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources

reverse loss of environmental

resources

Percentage of forest to total geographical area increased from 21.64 percent (2001-02) to 22.51 percent (2014-15)

10halve, by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

77.55 percent Drinking water- 72.7 percent

54 percent sanitation- 53.6 percent

11By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

Improvement in living conditions of slum dwellers

Proportion of slum population to urban population increased from 34.9 (2001) to 38.3 (2011)

12In co-operation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communication

Increase Availability

telephone line subscribers per 100 population- 79.47, cellular subscribers per 100 population- 87.2, internet subscribers per 100 population- 26.5

2

exhibit 2: mdg status of andhra pradesh in comparison to some other states of the country

sn MdG Goals & Indicators Year Andhra Pradesh

Karna-taka

Ker-ala

Maha-rashtra

tamil nadu India

Goal 1: eradicate extreme Poverty and hunger

1 Poverty head Count ratio 2015* 8.27 18.29 6.15 16.42 9.91 20.74

2 Poverty Gap ratio in rural areas 2011-12 1.6 3.26 1.59 4.65 2.47 5.05

3 Poverty Gap ratio in urban areas 2011-12 0.87 3.09 0.83 1.55 1.1 2.7

4 share of poorest quintile in national consumption (MrP), rural 2011-12 10.6 10.9 8.4 10.4 9.7 9.6

5 share of poorest quintile in national consumption (MrP), urban 2011-12 8.7 6.4 7.2 7.7 8 7.2

6 Prevalence of underweight children under three years of age 2015* 22.17 25.59 20.54 25.39 18.06 32.85

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary education

7 net enrolment ratio in primary education 2013-14 78.31 92.3 85.78 86.42 86.66 88.08

8 Proportion of pupils starting Grade 1 who reach Grade 5 2011-12 86.27 97.43 -- -- -- 86.05

9 Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds 2011 87.02 90.79 99.04 93.66 96.09 86.14

Goal 3: Promote Gender equality and empower women

10 ratio of girls to boys in secondary education 2014-15 0.96 0.92 0.94 0.84 0.95 0.90

11 ratio of girls to boys in higher secondary education 2014-15 0.93 1.05 1.08 0.85 1.13 0.89

12 ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education 2012-13 0.78

13 ratio of literate women to men, 15-24 years old 2011 0.92 0.95 1 0.97 0.98 0.91

14 Proportion of seats held by women in state legislature 2014 10.3 -- -- -- -- --

15 share of women in wage employment in the non- agricultural sector 2011-12 22.9 20.9 30.8 20.1 32.5 19.3

Goal 4: reduce child mortality

16 Under- Five Mortality rate 2015 41# 34.76 11 25.16 20.04 48.01

17 Infant Mortality rate 2015 35# 30.79 11.34 22.84 19.35 39.00

18 Percentage of one-year-old children immunised against measles 2015* 100 100 100 96 100 89.1

Goal 5: Improve Maternal health

19 Maternal Mortality ratio 2015* 85.18 122.27 50.21 64.51 72.58 140.00

20 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel 2015* 100 97.8 100 74.3 100 77.3

Goal 6: Combat hIV/AIds, Malaria and other diseases

21 estimated adult hIV prevalence (15-49 years of age) 2011 0.75 0.52 0.12 0.42 0.28 0.27

22 hIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years 2012-13 0.51 0.51 0.06 0.30 0.31 0.32

23 Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate among currently married women aged 15-49

years nFhs-3 0.5 1.7 5.5 6.2 2.3 5.2

24 Condom use rate % of the contraceptive prevalence rate among currently married women aged 15-49 years

nFhs-4 2015-16 0.2# 1.3 -- 7.1 0.8 --

26 deaths associated with malaria 2014** 0 2 6 71 0 578

25 Malaria Incidence Rate (Nos. per lakh population) 2014** 27.8 22.7 5.2 46.3 12.3 86.7

Goal 7: ensure environmental sustainability

27 Proportion of land area covered by forest 2014-15 22.51# -- -- -- -- --

28 Per capita energy consumption 2015-16 982# -- -- -- -- --

29 Proportion of the households using solid fuels 2015-16 38# -- -- -- -- --

30 Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source 2015-16 72.7# 89.3 -- 91.5 90.6 --

31 Proportion of population with access to improved sanitation 2015-16 53.6# 57.8 -- 51.9 52.2 --

32 slum population as percentage of urban population 2011 38.3# -- -- -- -- --

*Projected, **provisional, # these values for the present new state of Andhra Pradesh, the rest are for the erstwhile state.

U-DISE 2014-15: Flash Statistics table 3.4; National Family Health Survey – 4, 2015 -16 Fact Sheets for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,

Maharashtra and tamil nadu ;source: MdG India Appendix

3

Goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

status summary

target 1: halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day

indicators values target

Poverty head count ratio 8.27% (2015) 24.8%

Poverty gap ratio- rural 1.06 (2011-12) --

Poverty gap ratio- urban 0.87 (2011-12) --

share of poorest quintile in national consumption rural 10.6 (2011-12) --

share of poorest quintile in national consumption urban 8.7 (2011-12) --

target 2: halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

indicator values targetPrevalence of underweight children under three years of age 22.17% (2015) 22.21%

eradication of extreme poverty and hunger is at the centre of the MdG agenda. Andhra Pradesh has achieved the poverty reduction target and has reduced poverty to a level considerably below the target. the proportion of people under the official poverty line (Tendulkar methodology) in 2015 was nearly one-fifth of what it was in 1993-94. Rural poverty has fallen by the same proportion, while reduction in urban poverty has been more impressive from 35.2 to 5.81 percent. Andhra Pradesh is currently the sixth-best state in the country in terms of proportion of population under poverty line. Although official figures had not been released post 2011-12, projections for 2015 suggest that poverty headcount ratio in the state has further dropped to 8.27 percent.

Poverty gap ratio is defined as “the mean shortfall of the total population from the poverty line (counting the non-poor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line”. Poverty gap ratio in rural and urban

areas has achieved significant positive change. Between 2004-05 and 2011-12, the former has dropped from 6.97 to 1.6 and the latter from 4.81 to 0.87. Both rural and urban estimates are better than the all-India figures. Improvement in poverty gap ratio is an indication of people below the poverty line coming closer to escaping poverty. It also implies that the quantum of resources needed to lift everyone out of poverty has reduced.

the share of poorest quintile in state consumption, which is a measure of inequality, has slightly improved from 9.79 in 2009-10 to 10.6 in 2011-12 in rural and from 7.46 to 8.7 in urban areas. the ideal share of 20 percent of income or consumption going to the poorest quintile is far from reality. However, Andhra Pradesh’s ranking at 19th and 17th positions with respect to rural and urban areas, respectively, among other states, highlights the magnitude of the work needs to be done.

the global indicator for child nourishment is prevalence of under-weight children under the age of five years. However due to data limitations, India has modified the age limit to under three years. Andhra Pradesh has tremendously reduced child malnourishment from 42.9 percent in 1992-93 to 22.17 percent (projected) in 2015 and has achieved the target of 22.21 percent.

overall, Andhra Pradesh has performed commendably in poverty and hunger related indicators. with the sharp reduction in consumption-based poverty, the state will now throw its weight behind addressing multiple deprivations of poverty such as road connectivity, waste management, high-speed internet etc. the state is cognizant of the reality that happiness and wellbeing on its citizens is largely dependent on access to a comprehensive set of such basic

amenities.

24.8

49.744.6

29.9

9.2

8.30

10

20

30

40

50

60

1990 (est) 1993-94 2004-05 2011-12 2015 (P)

Poverty headcount ratio (%)

2015 target Historical path Projected path

0 5 10 15 20 25

IndiaKarnataka

MaharashtraTamil Nadu

Andhra PradeshKerala

20.7418.29

16.429.91

8.276.15

Poverty Head Count Ratio (percentage of population belowthe national poverty line) (2015)

22.21

42.9

34.2

29.8

22.1720

25

30

35

40

45

1992-93 1998-99 2005-06 2015 (P)

Prevelance of underweight children under three years ofage (%)

2015 target Historical path Projected path

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Tamil NaduKerala

Andhra PradeshMaharashtra

KarnatakaIndia

18.0620.54

22.1725.3925.59

32.85

Prevalence of underweight children under threeyears of age (2015)

4

status summary:

target 3: ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary education


net enrolment ratio in primary education 72.17 (2014-15) 100

Proportion (%) of pupils starting Grade 1 who reach Grade 5

100 (2014-15) 100

Literacy rate (%) of 15-24 year olds 87 (2011) 100

education, especially primary education, is an intrinsic goal in itself and at the same time an influential driver of progress towards other MdGs. It is positively correlated with faster economic growth, and lower poverty and inequality.

Latest data indicates that Andhra Pradesh is falling short of the targets for attaining universal primary enrolment and other indicators defined for education. Net Enrolment Ratio (ner), which is the ratio of enrolled children in the primary age group to total number of children in the same age group, has shown a decline from 81.78 in 2012-13 to 72.17 in 2014-15. ner for upper primary level is much lesser and has fallen from 60.12 in 2012-13 to 58.2 in 2014-15.

this downward trend, instead of an expected progress, is alarming and highlights the fact that large number of children are still out of school. despite of the right of Children to Free and Compulsory education Act (rte) being in place, the situation of such high proportion of children not attending school is particularly appalling.

Goal 2: achieve universal primary education

At the same time, it must be mentioned that ner is under-estimated due to problems in measurement methodology. the declining rate of growth of population than the expected rate may also be one of the reasons behind falling ner.

As per the U-dIse 2014-15: Flash statistics, while the ner at Primary level for 2014-15, it has been observed that while the average ner for India is 87.41, it is 88.41 for tamil Nadu, 82.55 for Telangana, 94.44 for Karnataka and 84.62 for Kerala.. however, the retention rate, which represents the proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5, has almost achieved the target of 100 percent. retention rate has shown an impressive improvement, from 85.36 percent in 2009-10 to 100 percent in 2014-15. this indicates that dropout during the primary level is nearly zero. the third indicator, the literacy rate of 15–24 year-olds, or youth literacy rate, is a proxy for the outcomes of a person’s primary education. It is generally positively correlated with the universalisation of primary education. Literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh has grown to 87 percent for people aged 15-24 as of 2011 census, from 74 percent in 2001. Literacy rates have not been officially calculated post 2011 census. though the improvement is commendable the state is still far away from universal adult literacy, which is a crucial factor in the future vision of the state.

Universal primary education cannot be achieved only with a good retention rate. If children are not attending school in the first place, the positive outcome of retention rate will be neutralised. hence, the focus area for Andhra Pradesh should be saturating the net enrolment and thereafter maintaining complete retention.

10081.78

78.3172.17

50

60

70

80

90

100

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015

Net Enrolment Ratio in primary education

2015 target Historical path

70 75 80 85 90 95

Andhra PradeshKerala


IndiaKarnataka

78.3185.7886.4286.66

88.0892.3

Net Enrolment Ratio in primary education (2013-14)-

100

85.54 86.27 84.7786.73

100

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015

Primary Retention Rate


75 80 85 90 95 100

IndiaAndhra Pradesh

KarnatakaMaharashtra

Tamil NaduKerala

86.1487.02

90.7993.66

96.0999.04

Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds (2011)

5

status summary

target 4: eliminate gender disparity in primary, secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education, no later than 2015


ratio of girls to boys in primary education 0.94 (2014-15) 1

ratio of girls to boys in secondary education 1.01 (2011-12) 1

ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education 0.77 (2011-12) 1

ratio of literate women to men, 15-24 years old 0.92 (2011) 1

share of women in wage employment in the non-agriculture sector

22.9 (2011-12) 50

Proportion of seats held by women in state legislature 10.3 (2015) 50

Gender equality and female empowerment are presently recognised as indispensable to key development outcomes. the education of girls and women, a crucial component of empowerment, has a positive multiplier effect on human progress on a wide range of parameters.

Andhra Pradesh is extremely close to achieving gender parity in primary education. Between 2011 and 2015, the ratio of girls to boys in primary education has stayed between 0.94 and 0.95, close to the accepted parity level of 0.97. with respect to upper primary education, the ratio was 0.98 in 2011-12 and 0.95 in 2014-15.

For secondary and higher secondary education, combined, the ratio of girls to boys has considerably improved from 0.82 in 2004-05 to 1.01, in 2011-12, falling well within the target range of 0.97 to 1.03.

Gender parity in tertiary education lags behind those in secondary and primary levels. From 0.59 in 2004-05 it has improved only up to 0.77 in 2014-15. These figures point to the trend of girls/ women dropping out of education after secondary level.

on the literacy front, the ratio of literate women to men aged 15-24 years has shown remarkable progress, from 0.79 in 2001 to 0.92 in 2011. this can be largely attributed to the higher enrolment at the primary and secondary level.

Goal 3: promote gender equality and empower Women

with regard to employment, the share of women in wage in the non-agriculture sector lags way behind the aspired target of 50 percent. while the share was 23.5 in 2004-05, it has fallen marginally to 22.9 in 2011-12. despite the realization that raising the participation of women in the economy is crucial for the overall growth of the economy, the failure to make significant progress in this direction will hurt the state’s ambitious future vision on happiness and wellbeing achieved through higher growth.

Finally, the indicator on people’s representation, which is the proportion of seats held by women in state legislature, is far from the’ target of 50 percent. only 10.3 percent of the members of the present Andhra Pradesh state legislative assembly, which has a term of five years from 2014 to 2019, are women.

As a whole, gender equality in education and literacy has made decent progress, though most of the corresponding targets are yet to be achieved. however, with respect to employment and representation in state assembly, there is an urgent need to improve women’s participation.

0.70.750.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

11.05

2001 2011 2015

Ratio of literate women to men, 15-24 years old


0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

Andhra PradeshKarnataka

KeralaMaharashtra

Tamil NaduIndia

Gender Parity Index for Enrolment in Primary, Secondaryand Tertiary Grades

Tertiary (2012-13) Secondary (2011-12) Primary (2011-12)

Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector (%)

60

50

40

30

202004-05 2009-10 20011-12 20015

2015 Target Historical Path

6

Goal 4: reduce Child mortality

status summary

target 5: reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the Under-five Mortality Rate


Under - five Mortality Rate (%) 41 33

Infant Mortality rate (%) 35 23.33

Proportion of one year old children immunised against measles (%) 90.4 100

Child mortality has been crucial indicator of the availability, use and access of health systems by the population, especially children, as well as a reference to their nutritional conditions.

Under-five Mortality Rate reflects the social, economic and environmental conditions in which children (and others in society) live, including the quality of health care. Andhra Pradesh achieved significant progress in reducing Under-five Mortality Rate expressed as number of deaths per 1,000 live births, in the recent past. From 63.2 in 2005, it has come down to 41 in 2015, close to the target of 33.

Infant Mortality rate, also which is expressed as number of deaths per 1,000 live births, has declined from 54 in 2007 to 39 in 2015, against the target of 23.33.

the proportion of one-year-old children immunized against measles in Andhra Pradesh has increased considerably over the years. In 2005 -06, about 70 percent of the target group was immunized. Considering the fact that vaccination coverage of above 90 percent is required to stop transmission of the virus, Andhra Pradesh accelerated its efforts and was consequently projected to achieve 100 percent immunisation in 2015. 0

10203040506070

2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015

Under-five and Infant Mortality trend

Under-FiveMortality RateHistorical pathInfant MortalityRate Historical path

69.4

91.1 90.4100

90.4100

0

20

40

60

80

100

2005-06 2007-08 2009 2015 (P)

Proportion of one year old children immunised againt measles

Historical path 2015 target Projected path

0 20 40 60 80 100

KeralaTamil Nadu

MaharashtraKarnataka

Andhra PradeshIndia

Under-five Mortality rate, Infant Mortality rate,Immunization rate (2015)

Percentage of one year old children immunised against measles (2015)- -Infant Mortality Rate (2015)Under-Five Mortality Rate (2015)

7

Goal 5: improve maternal health

154134

11092

74.492

85.18

020406080

100120140160180

2004-06 2007-09 2010-12 2011-13 2015 (P)

Maternal Mortality Ratio


75.6

95.6 10095.6 100

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2007-08 2009 2015 (P)

Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%)


status summary:

target 6: reduce by three quarters between 1990 and 2015, the Maternal Morality ratio


Maternal Mortality ratio 85.18 74.4

Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel

100 100

Maternal health is equally important for the mother and the child. evidence from across the world shows that a child whose mother dies during childbirth is highly unlikely to survive. Maternal Mortality ratio has been used as an indicator of the capacity of health systems to provide effective health care in preventing and addressing the complications occurring during pregnancy and childbirth.

during 2004-06, the Maternal Mortality ratio of Andhra Pradesh, expressed as number of deaths per 1,00,000 live births, stood at 154. By 2015, it was projected to be less than half, at 74.4. though the target of 85.18 could not be achieved, the state has undoubtedly achieved remarkable progress in improving maternal health.

Assistance by properly trained health personnel during pregnancy and childbirth is key to management of complications and lowering maternal deaths. the state has performed better in ensuring that more births are attended by skilled personnel. The proportion of births attended by skilled personnel was 75.6 in 2007-08 but was estimated to reach saturation stage (100) by 2015.

8

0.7 0.7

0.5

0.20

0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8

1992-93 1998-99 2006-06 2015-16

Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate amongcurrently married women aged 15-49 years (%)

Historical path

Goal 6: Combat hiv/aids, malaria, and other diseases

status summary:

target 7: have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of hIV/AIds


hIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years

0.51 (2012-13)

reverse prevalence

Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate among currently married women aged 15-49 years

0.2 (2015-16) --

Percentage of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS

43 --

target 8: have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases


Malaria Incidence rate- people affected by Malaria as a percentage of total population

27.8 (2014) --

Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under dots

81.7 (2013) --

death rate associated with tuberculosis

6.4 (2012) --

Indicators for monitoring the hIV epidemic and the impact of interventions are crucial. Changes in hIV prevalence reflect changes in the rate of new infections (HIV incidence). trends in hIV prevalence for young age groups are considered to better reflect a country’s overall trend in HIV incidence and risk behaviour.

Prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years is the major chosen indicator to track progress in addressing the threat of hIV. since about 40 per cent of all new hIV cases are among people 15 to 24 years old, this indicator is especially important. From 1.59 percent in 2005, Andhra Pradesh has seen reduction in the value of this indicator to 0.51 percent in 2012-13. the target set was to reverse prevalence; and the state has experienced both reversal and slight increase during the above period.

Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate among currently married women aged 15-49 years is another crucial indicator to measure progress in addressing hIV. From 0.7 percent in 1992-93, the rate has fallen to 0.2 percent in 2015-16. this is not a positive development, as condom is considered one of the safest contraceptive against hIV.

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Kerala

Maharashtra

Tamil Nadu

India

Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka

0.06

0.3

0.31

0.32

0.51

0.51

HIV prevalence among pregnant womenaged 15-24 years (2012-13)

1824

43

0

10

20

30

40

50

2001 2006 2015

Percentage of population with comprehensive correctknowledgeof HIV/AIDS (%)

Historical path

1.59

1.26

0.981.15

0.660.51

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

2005 2006 2007 2008 2010-11 2012-13

HIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 1524 years (%)

-

Historical path

9

the third indicator on hIV is the percentage of population with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS. This indicator reflects the success of information, education, and communication programmes and other efforts in promoting knowledge of valid HIV prevention methods, and in reducing misconceptions about the disease and ultimately decreasing the risk of transmission. From 18 percent in 2001, the value of the indicator has climbed to 43 percent in 2015, which stands as an evidence to the state’s successful efforts in creating awareness among its population regarding hIV.

Malaria is a threat to global health, especially in many of the developing countries. however, Andhra Pradesh has significantly reduced malaria incidence in the recent decades. Malaria incidence per lakh population has fallen

in the state from 45 in 2011 to 27.8 in 2014. the death rate associated with the disease has remained almost zero percent in the recent years.

Detecting tuberculosis and curing it are key interventions for addressing poverty and inequality in many countries and therefore finds place in the MDG framework. Directly observed treatment short (dots) course is a who-recommended strategy for treatment of tuberculosis. Under dots in Andhra Pradesh, 87 percent of the registered cases were cured in 2008. In 2013, the figure was reduced to 81.7. the death rate associated with tuberculosis has dropped, from 7.3 percent per lakh population in 2009 to 6.4 in 2012. A similar trend is observed in the case of tuberculosis incidence rate, which has fallen from 78.6 in 2011 to 73.2 in 2013.

45

29.722.9

27.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

2011 2012 2013 2014

Malaria Incidence Rate (per lakh population)

Historical path0 20 40 60 80 100

Kerala

Maharashtra

Tamil Nadu

India

Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka

Malaria Incidence Rate (Nos. per lakhpopulation, 2014)

87 87 87.2

81.980.2

81.7

76

78

80

82

84

86

88

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Proportion of tuber l si c tected andcu o s ases decured under DOTS (%)

Historical path

7.3

7

6.3 6.4

5.86

6.26.46.66.8

77.27.4

2009 2010 2011 2012

Death rate associated with tuberculosis (per lakh population)

Historical path

10

802.38

1065.46

951982

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

2006-07 2010-11 2014-15 2015-16

Chart 9.2: Per capita energy consumption (electricity) (kWh)

Historical path

0 20 40 60 80

2011

2015Proportion of population withsustainable access to animproved water source(within premises)

Proportion of population withaccess to improved sanitation

Proportion of householdsusing solid cooking fuels

48 50 52 54 56 58


Andhra PradeshKarnataka

51.952.2

53.657.8

Proportion of population with access toimproved sanitation (2015)

status summary

target 9: Integrate the principle of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources

Indicators Values target

Proportion of land area covered by forests

22.51 (2014-15) --

ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to surface area

3 (2013-14) --

Per capita energy consumption 982 (2015-16)

Improve from 802.3 (2006-07

value)

Proportion of households using solid fuels 38 (2015) --

target 10: halve, by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Indicators Values target

Proportion of population with access to improved water source

72.7 (2015) 77.75

Proportion of population with access to improved sanitation

53.6 (2015) 54

Target 11: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

slum Population percentage of urban population

38.3 (2011)

reduce from 34.9

(2001 value)

It is critical to manage the natural resources base and ecosystems sustainability to ensure that people’s food requirements and other social, economic, and environmental needs are adequately met. Climate change, conflicts over access to resources, and increased water scarcity all pose a threat to not only environmental sustainability, but also food security. hence, environmental sustainability has an important place in the MdG development agenda.

Proportion of land area covered by forest is one of the major indicators for Goal 7. Forests fulfill a number of functions that are vital for humanity, including the provision of wood and non-wood forest products; and services such as habitat for biodiversity, carbon sequestration, coastal protection and soil and water conservation. during the period between 2005-06 and 2014-15, land area as a proportion of total land for Andhra Pradesh has increased from 21.64 to 22.51 per-cent. the area of protected land has remained constant in the state in the recent past. Between 2009-10 and 2013-14, the ratio of protected land to total surface area has remained at 3 percent.

Per capita energy consumption (electricity) has shown varying trends in the state. Between 2006-07 and 2015-16, it has seen an increase from 802.38 kWh to 982 kWh, hitting 1065.46 kWh in 2010-11.

the proportion of households using solid fuels is a proxy indicator of poverty and health status. the state has achieved commendable progress in reducing household usage of solid fuels in the recent years. From 61.1 percent in 2011, the figure has been significantly reduced to 38 percent in 2015.


the state has accomplished consistent improvement with regard to access to improved water source and sanitation. the proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source has climbed from 50.26 percent in 2011 to 72.7 percent in 2015. similar trend can be observed in the case of proportion of population with access to improved sanitation, which has increased from 46 percent in 2011 to 53.6 percent in 2015. the considerable improvement suggests that the state is fast progressing in the right direction. Further-more, the state government is committed to provide safe drinking water and sanitation facilities to its population in saturation mode by 2019. Additionally, the gas grid being set up by the state will ensure clean cooking fuel for every household in the near future.

slum population as a percentage of urban population is a key indicator measuring the adequacy of the basic human need for shelter. Overcrowding, inadequate housing, lack of improved water and improved sanitation are associated with health risks and are often detrimental to human and economic development. As a percentage of urban population, slum population in the state has grown in Andhra Pradesh between the last two Censuses. From 34.9 percent in 2001, it stands at 38.3 percent as of 2011.

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status summary

Target 18: In co-operation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communication

Indicators Values

telephone line subscribers per 100 population

79.47 (2014)

Cellular subscribers per 100 population 87.2 (2015)

Internet subscribers per 100 population 26.1 (2015)

the eighth Millennium development Goal (MdG 8) covers a global partnership for development in areas including aid, trade, debt relief, drugs, and ICts. the Indian MdG framework had adopted modern connectivity as a major measure of achievement in this area.

telephone line subscribers per 100 population in the state has drastically increased from 4.93 in 2002 to 79.47 in 2014. Though fixed lines are becoming less popular in the present owing to the expansion of mobile networks, it is still a critical infrastructure indicator.

the number of cellular subscribers in the Andhra Pradesh circle has drastically increased from 42.5 lakh in 2005 to 7.43 crore in 2015. this implies that the number of cellular subscribers per 100 population has increased from 5.36 in 2005 to 87.2 in 2015.

the number of Internet subscribers also has seen tremendous growth. From 2.35 lakh in 2002, it has grown almost 100 times, to 2.21 crore in 2015. In the era when Internet is considered as a basic need, its expansion in the state is a timely and positive development.

Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development

4.9313.45

76.38 77.8 79.47

0102030405060708090

2002 2006 2011 2013 2014

Telephone lines subscribers per 100 population

Historical path

2.3518.5

176

221

0

50

100

150

200

250

2002 2011 2014 2015

Number of internet subscribers (lakh)

Historical path

12

Indicator Unit Andhra Pradesh target Achievement Year of

achievement

AP- Rank among 20 big states (year)

Goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

target 1: halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day

Poverty head Count ratio (percentage of population below the national poverty line) Percent 24.87 8.27 2015

(projected) 4 (2015)

Poverty Gap ratio in rural areas (MrP consumption distribution) - reduce from 6.9

(2004-05 value) 1.6 2011-12 4 (2011-12)

Poverty Gap ratio in urban areas (MrP consumption distribution) - reduce from 4.8

(2004-05 value) 0.87 2011-12 3 (2011-12)

share of poorest quintile in national consumption (MrP), rural Percent Improve from 9.8

(2009-10 value) 10.6 2011-12 10 (2011-12)

share of poorest quintile in national consumption (MrP), urban Percent Improve from 7.5

(2009-10 value) 8.7 2011-12 5 (2011-12)

target 2: halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Prevalence of underweight children under three years of age Percent 22.21 22.17 2015


Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary education

Target 3: Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary education

net enrollment ratio in primary education Percent 100 72.17# 2014-15 16 (2013-14)

Proportion of pupils starting Grade 1 who reach Grade 5 Percent 100 99.75# 2014-15 7 (2013-14)

Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds Percent 100 87.02 2011 12 (2011)

Goal 3: Promote Gender equality and empower women

target 4: eliminate gender disparity in primary, secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education, no later than 2015

ratio of girls to boys in primary education - 1 0.94# 2014-15 9 (2013-14)

ratio of girls to boys in secondary education - 1 1.01 2011-12 8 (2011-12)

ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education - 1 0.78 2012-13 17 (2012-13)

ratio of literate women to men, 15-24 years old - 1 0.92 2011 9 (2011)

Proportion of seats held by women in state legislature percent 50 10.3 2014 3 (2013)

share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector percent 50 22.9 2011-12 4 (2011-12)

Goal 4: reduce child mortality

Target 5: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the Under-five Mortality Rate

Under- Five Mortality rate - 33 41# 2015 8 (2013)

Infant Mortality rate - 23.33 35# 2015 11 (2013)

Proportion of one year old children immunised against measles percent 100 100 2015


Goal 5: Improve Maternal health

target 6: reduce by three quarters between 1990 and 2015, the Maternal Morality ratio

Maternal Mortality ratio - 74.4 85.18 2015 (projected) 4 (2015)

Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel percent 100 100 2015


Appendix – 1: mdgs - status of performance of andhra pradesh

13

Indicator Unit Andhra Pradesh target Achievement Year of

achievement

AP- Rank among 20 big states (year)

Goal 6: Combat hIV/AIds, Malaria and other diseases

target 7: have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of hIV/AIds

estimated adult hIV prevalence (15-49 years of age) percentreverse

prevalence from 0.91 (2008 value)

0.75 20111 (2011) (highest

prevalence)

hIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years percent

reverse prevalence from 1

.52 (2004 value)0.51 2012-13 19 (2012-13)

Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate among currently married women aged 15-49 years

percent Improve from 0.7 (1992-93 value) 0.2# 2015-16 20 (2005-06)

Condom use at last high risk sex- proportion of population aged 15-24 who used condom during last sex with a non-regular partner

percent Improve from 63.9 (2006 value) 89 2009 4 (2006)

Percentage of population with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS percent Improve from 18

(2001 value) 43# 2015-16 10 (2006)

target 8: have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Malaria Incidence rate per lakhreverse incidence from 179.26 (1996

value)27.8 2014

(provisional) 11 (2014)

death rate associated with malaria per lakh reverse from 0.02 (1996 value) 0 2014

(provisional) 1 (2014)

Proportion of tuberculosis cases cured under dots percent Increase from 87 (2008 value) 81.7 2013 4 (2013)

death rate associated with tuberculosis per lakh reverse from 7.3 (2009 value) 6.4 2012 14 (2012)

tuberculosis Incidence rate per lakh reverse from 78.6 (2011 value) 73.2 2013 14 (2013)


target 9: Integrate the principle of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources

Proportion of land area covered by forest percentreverse loss from

21.64 (2001-02 value)

22.51# 2014-15 8 (2013)

Per capita energy consumption kWhImprove from

802.3 (2006-07 value)

982# 2015-16 8 (2011-12)

Proportion of the households using solid fuels percent reduce from 61.1 (2011 value) 38# 2015-16 -

Target 10: Halve, by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source percent 77.75 72.7# 2015-16 18 (2012)

Proportion of population with access to improved sanitation percent 54 53.6# 2015-16 10 (2012)

Target 11: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

slum population as percentage of urban population percent reduce from 34.9 38.3# 20111 (2011) (highest

proportion)

Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development

Target 18: In co-operation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communi-cation

telephone line subscribers per 100 population percent Improve from 4.93 79.47 2014 9 (2014)

(2002 value)

number of internet subscribers number Improve from 2.35 2.21 crore 2015 **

(2002 value)

Internet subscribers per 100 population number Improve from 0.3 26.1 2015 **

(2002 value)

Appendix – 1: mdgs - status of performance of andhra pradesh

14

Appendix -2: mdgs- ap’s performance – data sources

graph data source(s)

Poverty headcount ratio (%) MdG India country report 2015: table 1.1 in appendix

Prevalence of underweight children under three years of age (%) MdG India country report 2015: table 1.4 in appendix

net enrolment ratio in primary educationelementary education in India- Flash statistics (dIse 2013-14): page 39

elementary education- Andhra Pradesh report card 2014-15: page 7

Primary retention rate (%)

MdG India country report 2015: table 2.4 in appendix

elementary education in India- Flash statistics (dIse 2013-14): page 38


Literacy rate of 15-24 years old (%)MdG India country report 2011: table 5.3 in page 43


ratio of girls to boys in primary education elementary education in India- Flash statistics (dIse 2013-14): page 31


ratio of girls to boys in secondary and higher secondary education MdG India country report 2015: table 3.4 in appendix

ratio of girls to boys in tertiary educationMdG India country report 2015: table 3.4 in appendix

AIshe 2014-15: table 12 in page t-24

ratio of literate women to men, 15-24 years oldMdG India country report 2011: table 4A in page 8 in appendix


share of women in wage employment in the non- agricultural sector (%) MdG India country report 2015: table 3.6 in appendix

Under-five Mortality RateMdG India country report 2015: table 4.1 in appendix

nFhs-4 AP fact sheet: page 2

Infant Mortality rateMdG India country report 2015: table 4.3 in appendix


Proportion of one year old children immunised against measles (%) MdG India country report 2015: table 4.5 in appendix

Maternal Mortality ratio MdG India country report 2015: table 5.1 in appendix

Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%) MdG India country report 2015: table 5.6 in appendix

hIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years (%) MdG India country report 2015: table 6.6 in appendix

Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate among currently married women aged 15-49 years (%)



Percentage of population with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%)

national Behavioural surveillance survey 2006: table 4.19 in page 65


Malaria Incidence Rate (per lakh population) MdG India country report 2015: table 6.8 in appendix

Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under dots (%)

Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 314, 23/11/2012


Death rate associated with tuberculosis (per lakh population)




Proportion of land area covered by forest (%) data provided by des

Per capita energy consumption (electricity) (kWh)

rajya sabha unstarred question no. 2908, 21/04/2008





Power and energy division, Planning Commission

the hindu Business Line, 25/04/2016

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Chart name data source(s)

Proportion of households using solid cooking fuels (%)

data given by des based on 2011 Census


Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source (within premises) (%)

Author’s calculations based on 2011 Census data


Proportion of population with access to improved sanitation (%)

data provided by des based on 2011 Census


slum population as a percentage of urban population (%)

report of the Committee on slum statistics/ Census- Ministry of housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India: table 2A in page 30

Author’s calculations based on 2011 Census data

telephone lines subscribers per 100 population





Number of internet subscribers (lakh)






Appendix -2: mdgs- ap’s performance – data sources

from mdg to sustainable development goals 2030Andhra Pradesh state, targeting to surge ahead with higher human development Index leading to ‘happiness index’, is on

a look out for a comprehensive framework that will take the state forward on a sustainable and faster and inclusive growth

platform, beyond managing the conventional poverty and vulnerability norms, as outlined in the Millennium development

Goals (MDGs). With significant achievements under most of the MDGs, Andhra Pradesh, along with other parts of the

world, judiciously prioritized and decided to adopt Global sustainable development Goals 2030 (sdG 2030) in accordance

with local challenges, capacities and resources available. the sdG 2030 builds on the MdG eight anti-poverty targets

that the world is committed to achieve by 2015. the sdGs with 17 Goals and 169 targets, will be more ambitious than the

Millennium development Goals, covering a broad range of interconnected issues, from economic growth to social issues

to global public goods.

16

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