and water/third... · Created Date: 3/19/2009 12:06:08 PM
Transcript of and water/third... · Created Date: 3/19/2009 12:06:08 PM
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ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY
, , Third year, ,
Building and Construction Engineerint Department
University of Technology
By
Dr. AQEET Al-ADtLl
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ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY
" Third year "
Building and Construction Engineering
University of Technology
By
Dr. AQEET Al-ADlLl
Department
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Table of Contents
Chapter ofe ln(oducrion.
Subjects
IIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIII
Chapter i\ o. wearler& H)drolog).
Chapler fo ! r Srem I loq.
ChapLer f i ,e F!apumt lon.
C hapler sil: S ubsurface Warer.
Chaltr se\ en. Strerm F ow Hldrog/ap|s.
Clapler eighr Relation benveeD Precipitation
Chaprer nne: H)'drologic Routlig.
Chaprer ten Reraons.
ChapFr e le \en Probdbi l i ty in l I ) dro lo$.
a
Chapter tuee: Pecipit iion. 6
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Engine€rins hvdroloqv: h con@ncd *i$ rhe ficld p.nntm r0 pLlnning dcsigD ud"p;ri"";a;t;-t"g pE" "l,icl, is s$cni.l ro th" coirtol sd rs..frarer
HydFloqv s 'on(mcd " dr L\c oilinGh-ia---i prop(Lis ot qr.ron c!n,
Ihe hvdfolo{ical cYcle r r rlll:i3!r.1 l-l)Dvolrcs : EvxpomlL.rCatilb4 . IincEcplion , md lotdlo\y
Chaplef oneIntroduction
shcd si$ drc h)drololic.r_rlcPtc ip i ld ion , ln f i l rnL ion , l c tc r [ ion ,
(@cutreDcc,.irculalio. x dnrlbuliotr ) and chcnical
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Chapter t\\,oWcather &Ilvdrologv
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Thc hydrololic chirtrocrisrics oir rc8jon n daidcd by :(i)itgcololy lb):i.srphy G)dinrE
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I r }t t,l7 -/tnl,',,r' fi,7'r,,,1 y,hl,*'1,1
rt F:!.1 5 s'h,,t l l, r"l"/'*')"y b'1 Billat l ' 'r lr'72'tt7 '{""ttr',
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a
FiE\@2.4 (ir\tett ftcat'led Point
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ffi2,5 Bilhdn\ inlall 'hs{i4tion
t i t I
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od I hare dchmged urort-
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3
The Sl forn of the fomlra i6
d = 1 2 1 4 x l d ( P
whert P = depth of ntn in dn' ud 3
(2.1)
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Th, t , ' j 2 . . f r . t . J , , , , , , . , , . 1
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l , ( t t r , , , n , l , ' i t g r to t t \X { / f . t - f " t n ) / t r 4 ' 5 )ol,r, (-- ",,,,1n v.;, ,/1/i
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t t . o t t i n v e r t t 4 a n a l t r t l ' t t ' - '
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ab,,rt r" l ' , , ,r j ,et.(( l ' .)t ' 'd G't! l ' /", i" lc' ' / ' t t t {tca t7:tt
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l . r /" , wit t le.r l /ral i . , i | , / t ,ahJ )/ t ,r t t tr I h"?| ' ,rher. l ; ,1
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EnCin.e ng Hydrololy
E 8 8 9 I e " " ' "
i. , \
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' 1 : . :? e t :e : t8 t Lnnpt? . a n ia to l o t 2ana la ihs .aa ,a ,nuk4vwh.t? tn Bhta;n, a4 otptaS. aa.? ir 11 I r"oa a,'a ha o.eatu )
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s
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22 En!inoedng Hydrotogy
:,+.:",..t li.i:, d,,aton 4taho4!h,p. tox.1wd t' ou".v oltna,tuk at Hv.)rot;s )
Iigure 2.8 the lo-year frcquency for 60-
5
E
&
Check fion OxJord.! fisure!: fronnhutq dunion irdicacs 2l nr in I
F= 0.88?= OAS x 21=
ly l:i,:'." l, ,qra8e inknsir' giLh mcreae in "*. _ _,, ,i7.0*lf..,-i
*T, -1i1",.d in volhe
of dF Flood srudies Rcport [r3l u;uoseqlenflr tl4l. -Lsing mo,e ex,.ns\e ddr, d,e we,e ,v.rable ro Hoitznd.fudter lore aboul . , j . o t i .cd in \ r , . .
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F ; r ' e . o / , , . a i a u t ? . o t a t o t t n h . h ? , t o b l50 ) eaB in.onhnental usA t91
FEte2.jo Deptharet .uy., of ruihfatl
mdy poi.t mlues ro give an ave.as. rainfall deptn over a cerrain a,ea. Thcrnplest way of doins 1his is to rake rne aithmericat nean of .he anoDnlsknown lnr aI poinls in ure eea. If the dislribution of such poinls over rhe treat !rrlorh and '1e wri,non r rhe InoiqJLat g,Lse! amobts ae nor ldrge. rhflrhjs merhod gve, reasonabtyFood rerutE,_-Aj9!{111!gl.,ru. ro r r,e*n lrsJ.treims de /ode oiuluence of e&h
saroo b , dmBnE t inAb. 'senprBot gduge. .b iFcrnrgu ,e i ineswi rh pe , !q .
T?I
E
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:ii ;
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r ie \t :
-Di2 a
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9 9 :
; € . H e i t g! * E E ! E = ," .E iE : - 'eE g i C g ; g; ; ? : s : ;! E i 3 s u i- I ; d E : 9
€ E z E - : r ct ; ; s s : - ze I e i r l e€ i : . F s ! ;= € i € E . s Fi F : ; 5 : :E g , b l e ; 5: H 9 E : E ! ha E & i E : : *r E E F T g ! , q? g € < 3 E € :€ € ; 5 e E 5
:
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:
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I o.t.
ItIIII
II
IIII
s:gc $zlo lsu?lly in ..limeier (Fi8 4 I ) ( ' 7 , ,
ChaPter fourf Stream florv
Stean 1l oN dala: d. Yerv tnpoIlrt lo the ir dnl'gic stu'r'es
ii"s;' '. .-,"' " *"-" s 'i is mad. co'drlo0s 11 is the ererarion abore so e dbLta-v
aro d:ruD ro Lh. \ aler 3uiace ai 5 sanon., r.1,.,..-"j ty ""ne"r","inhha s..le ci socreian.nio,r orit is in$ssed iDire'' *"i,i,-iii,." Ir ;, rri.ir oD $nffl or on ar) snxcture on ihe sid' 6r *e riler ' rlr'
r_t
t; !1nul
rig (J l ) .{ ssti'n :bif -t::c '
corbmu -c la : r rmr , l ipan isnoredbv th ' r l sn enn i4 t r r z ldagnnFcrd
i ig e.:at. ",,. ; t
Fig (4 2) Conrinuos sdi! cjfn '
3- c.6i rz c lrse Fisue(l r)' C o . . " _ . : ' r o d e ! , d , ' d " r ' o r d ' e
e I'c , d/',! cYr
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s +at+ 3r3e
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I.,{
gel t t i "n 5; ) r
Sedion control: Tl'is exks snen coitolling f€iEs ae ituat.d in a shonldsrh'f'chu\el C L " w - ;a l.r Q tli" t )
C!.nielcontr.l: mn cxists {nen the s:+. dkchEeerelallon is gor'med!t tlt ddpc.sja dd ouglnes ofJr: rtslJ drdc'*iderabl:diid'e
. Djsch.rge.t- Cltt?nT eelers.
(it Price ndeB (Fig 1 1) six cof,i.,l cups !ol.d!g abdu \tiical t\is
(b) Propellei- $pdFi-q.1.t.
llie:::::i.r i:rre.rrelolLicDs per s.snd \ of:he n:rer rats a_.d xald \ elocjrv r is gj\ cn bl:
\ = a b N
3 l b : I ns ld . a : s i d : i g t l oc i t ) . a -0 .01&b=067
\ rr.lrilor;iersr..id ofiheEeier.np!
s lrnlo IIItIIItIIIIIIIIIIII
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IIIIIIIIIIt!IIIIItIII
:r- Cutcnt= n€tei nleasurcd.nis:- .F-'g 1narhq:ffJ-i\tj-:-;;:idC vide{i nro (20 30) sediois rrn{e io rclion include niore
rlarlljt'"ofdeloral0oNofthenve.!eb.n)rsnesippoxinalelld!!:9L!4(FiSl-7)netu1\e ldc i l \ : , . ' i 1 '
( v d 1 + v d . d / 2 : v d 6(Lr snalbw Eler doud I m
j:ig11 6l Tne proc:du.e for.U;..
1-
lr,J'
a!aI;=-"
,ti\(
Srae: dischd3eFlalionresuhss:.:l.r ir ireguld(Fig. 1.3).
:timaii:rell f :::boi:. !nl.s :rc
nopc 6 3 fr.Jil:r. lle lrai.
nro n,:ed serii.nr s.NE..t
r : 1 i : b l . baL \ : i e r€ \ { s . h ' f . , r ! ( Ln .m! L i . lDc3.:!rodh is rebreseDied b!:
q/qo=ts/sol =tr/ | o./
9:,::e sl.pe rrhere $. di$hdgc is,lt: rir.:lope-rher. tfre dischrge i q.I .:,. hll o. $c diJluenc ir r rd srrfa.: eh
r= r (herer \ ' cd no . r beNf tn Lhc r . i o
" LI
i g (4 .3 )As impTe . r ! dn . l d t . re l z t i on
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>:-r,il.,r. r-\
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9)4 .orp l c . -p t r o f sk . o ' d r . \ r "e \s . r j .e F : . , . r -e( f - i G r . - n D J o . " \ r , - r l 1 . , h . r p . . t . : , ' ; \ . u . o a a g l i d i o e : - d e p . . k o
r, +1 r o kr u<kE*/i 4 d qd r
IIIIIIIII
Cd b: e\gEssed jrmn
Strean flo\v rariaiion
orer rie dea dr \'olum. nr Dj
tta
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I(al vdiarioi nr iohl rur.tr nom r€d 10 red.(b) seronal va;?tj.r in tu.olt{.) \'ia on oada;ly rares .f uoffih olghotrt the 'ed ':i,!tL-
i ' i . j j ] , h l G J h A j . l E { i ! J ^ C x b n q { : i i ! : : t,ll
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ros*s fron lrecipitahon-hiJl d, olri.:Jl I 3,/
Jr .rjl !j Jj:! djl i-,tr '+l irJl j a+l ;'ult-t ;" 6-ltr--':r-!':
,i-1,.,t-iii;-"' ell +ir+r 4 3-'lt r'--, 'Lre J-3r'!r
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* (i'uL,) ir'!t ;:'r'S-qJ'"'+' -YL' J Fr*
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] t 1 ' r ' . , i r j ! ' , ; - ! J - . t ' j i . j ^ . 1 c a l o L r " - u i r ' ' r o n
;t-lJr,,,-."x &J:j.l ,J-.Jl J4;tl r.i" lt'1r ',,L(ti!t-|t'$at
'--+1 J/ d<lijlJ rlil
l,fi:Jir ,1, i"1,1-r 'rl,lJr-:-I. lpf Fu l:l+l Oj- )'t! J'tz E
;-cr,- ' r I" -L r. \ . desssiotr storage ' :-*;Jr J 4J1 irrct(f ,ptton
I -,+r:",-.1 ',
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I, ."u- ---<r -u-,r, * J F.4r+t 't!' -,:?L- Jr ' -.' ':',J'r'
,=-ri- +'-L *-.;-r .-1. cut)'i ' Jri';J' i rFl! LujJ)' ' L-r,-
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)4\ u't2 3 -'/
r,f;l.,;].LCur -L! i,)|j i!L] J JjL-li \i J_,r ;r !!, .",,-I - -
.,._Li, uu i*i ,o"]..*, ._C !u . i_- er. tLl ; t - j> r l rpond. jJ> ! i . [L ; , L. l r t t ] j
";;lLr ..ilLCL,:+ *t L,:n iats tS> ij,J, c,tt J2- aa)/,Jr) a_)\.u'V;-- EdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddJ-.r -'ir a.,"+,rL C!- .!+t; jL_+l Jj rr,j.$ CL_ Llt, F^l trj .:,1 +1 ,jj +.r
.;+l r,< !-rL;i it!!t Jt tLjl il[l j/ i!-:Lt .Ul .:,lr; J- !i, l . l g i 1*:si ' l- ; ; ;+ !,-<r;r+ ,rr ir;, , , i ' - : .r a i .Dt 4|t
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d,i fj.ll .Ll!,lll -l- -!Jt-:r !;(-l) ol,,r!-!_j.jt J.r? d!
+! ( ,5 ) ,s " r i . r i ! l ( - r l a l j r t , ( 3 ) .v \ . { l ; r r - - ; ) , ( 2 )J ,! 'Ui ;L:<1 ">(-6) ' t l
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ClrJirJL !-;,4 Jlt C,.+r J-l- *:i
John DaltoD 1802
- i !u c. 'r.J' J .:a' ,t-l --j.
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\Yind ., ' ,) 3t-;, " '@ "
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E = ( S , - S , t + i + P O O "
S), Sr : $orage leiore :nd aier rhe Fci.CI:$fee!!le\ tfl.,O: s{tace oltflcrr ,.at?\c,o,: olsurl-e-24 e.
Thk ir limple in rhhry bli i:i;cutrislise jn i|e n*sur.feic ofp.l OSr. Subsurfa€ seepage L ncniitjcuhro meaur. becaus. ir h.sio b.hecq,tJiroh nqueDens of scbd \ arer leveli
st t"Joa+a'Esr i f ra , :og rc eno i r " . rpo . : i ioo fo rm n"0 s , Eotu ' ron rad I p r r r " Jmereororoglc,| 0,raCIGSA!@is 6ost $i,jely ured-
Ii h of mpainted gall anize! ir.n l22.m in dianete.-oy 25.4 on Ceep Ftrr tnNod iane 1d iet ai cncutaie beieil rhc pd, Iig. 5.Itk filldlodepih of20 cm and reiilled\ien$edeplhh* fallento l3 cn.vaier{urra€ levelis fr*u:ed dailiBifi a nook caeein$illi.g ieil.l e d f r s c e . . , r a . r . d ? . - , : p . - o , .
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I
3-To diihrre deia for s&rioN * \ h ich pan obirslons rre mr tuad..1 Totn daG rl,e rel;bih! srd rrarsihrir.idsol.b.en.d dab.l T u r i d r l t r q ! j ) . f l a \ e - p i r i L . r . ?r" ) . la) t de^s 'GhtA+ i<
( r =; ir=0,7 IEP]
+ : P3n er:po.arlor (nrnr/d41.E :s\.pcralicr(n /Cat).
Pan.vaDbnrion and meteorolosical factorsx?br oi o.nr.er plncFporii,dn:ptraosc aE:
l-I.cft asc knoslcdgc of cv.poBiidn.2-To estimaie nksircp rc.ord!.
*-'iI:-." /" bc * '' t
5 2 rolid be aojskd rofrr
"ir.l'l
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P : tn*m dfalnosphr.(\.0a.).!r : pan rird no1€::rii (:r:tc!l).TrmF;atu'esr;. in degr.s C::!lt:.lic sign acllo$irg:, n (-) a.; i.> T.
L.te euporrion.oiiptrredappFciabk r* advedl.n io
T": \3ter iurf2ce tenpe.at!re "c
T" : a tdospher ic ramPer ! tu .e 'c
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.- , .r*.""a *gr.. i ,h" i , i . . , . i r .
. ! + , r r kkd pcop i ;m ;&h \ ! - , : ! ,
,:ropolratrspir.rion
rhljtiEr.on
. . . . . ' . : : i i : i - : ' " i ,F " " j " "k . , , : ,h , .3b iorb.d ov, , . ro0,, j . - " , u p E r 6 s i d h . t E r h c n i ? n r n s s u c \
n*iurom.d of caspir,tioD
li,i'"T::':::,:ritr"':! ;". ". " o.c,roned phnc
.,4;""'n-*-;*"|.**"1,.
iqll r!t!!it! !rJ: r.Fr :pi, ' ' ' r . " " : " g p : , , * i . . 1 , l ' : , " " " ' " ' . " , ' 0 ,
. " . ' r . 2 . " " , u t ' l
i,{',"#;'#.*,,"srsa,",:',#}.,:i:rl:,?;il,} jl:il:,"."T".I r rq : . ion Eatcr requnrnenr
t;,"
-._ r+I i::
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i&bles II
IIItIIItIt
I
i = - l = ' = = = - . ; a r - l = 1 j; i : : r l - ' 1 " 1 1: = . i i ' l l : :i i ' = ' t ; l - - - = , l z e: : E : i l : : : : , : i I l i =; t i : ; I l i :! = t : . l " :n : r ? - - , l f a ii . " a . - = : : - l : : : = ] : ] : l
i . ' : - ) ' , l .: i t l l , l i :l , i = ' - = = .: : : : . i - : i : : : :
- :
' . - := i i i t] : : ' . . " 1 : '' : : a 1 : - : a = 1 ? ,
- l J i : .
1 - ' : - = ' - ' .
t t t . ! r , - - -Ii a
1 !. : i
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t i i : i : : : 5
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n i i
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t 7
.=a
?t-i
I -''..--: : : ! : ,3 : : n : : : : ; . = - .
E - a a = z a a - = = = = - = = a E =IIIIIItIt rI
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t' $n[ rDFrn!rc oi ri. rzhl'h.n nd! t
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{ r i f u s n o m i l E { m o f l h c @ b
ysurldcreubsThedjfftrlebd}e!
(i) rry e dD4. d rh. "o*s. yrle d
(i) by x dffddlc i de udersNr(iiD by e*Potrlon {ld Mfpnrnon.
=.hd s! i -bnr' od
drlble, lnd N n n. qi{r|h rpprc!.rl
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Ewponrioo ?nd Ti!nspinrion
mdlpdtbn'Aeqfucly,stiJ'E'jry
d*"y d;.M' * -",r.,''rLiv, *d
"'pi.r."r i,"&,, *,"'ry '." ih- ".,v, io the ne vsb $ d .vrpo,liion
(t 'hen ,h. Em|eEba or rh€ {*
{i) vhe ib! sr lrd 'r{ $!{-e tl
.s( (L) nrc j 4d.rd !emPbrsil j trsFr
dpar "ds *4ordff Per ur h€ {rtrbrt trre !m. , !c) ii mn/dsy
t I -c {in od!trrYJ
aciuxl\apotrrcsu€ in ihc dI rbo€(nmndary)ni lper d sm'tundtrLdheish' (n)
/ r 0 x t ! 4 1 o t + 0 5 4 r t
,i drots srd nlcd h n/rr r hcilhr orzD l_r ir i i nold4cN lij r rh. oii Ii!. donnilly o
br ib{ ai 'sihcahr,itrrru F!tu d (iq. \hr trPluru,r /ir
b o s l l t A x d d l g r y l n | i r t Jd.*hFd ; Lr, r",. "r q*N" r
su!]] l fuNh, eNlLr |ol l lre IJ5 o(t h Thc Ndh{bidl. ui cl,
f! = 0 345t* el(r rori,t
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Enqineinq Hydrotosy
r. = vnd vdodry in 'nb d ! heish' o
4 = .ursdili nqn qH vn- (or i5 quilrar rn h*r quavl
,Rs - nd iont , lb! snh,3 sd ee.
ri 194! Psoo Ul e@fded i 6e
, p P ' ' " ' . " "
rI. a#!| Mprt Duids se rrours or daylLsh rhqe is I rnft o, nd!
s b e s g i ] t i h t L u l a r o l n b y r u o t , l L d
k d l ' ? - l t r o o r m n l l ] p q s j b r : l b
x. =na(o.r3 + 0.5r//r)Md qude (trbdr (oi viljrir. !sr)
rc =,r^a.r: + 0.54,rr)ed rrastr (ru Gsra, ^sddtul
(!/, = 0), du' :0 !' 6r oimrtrr
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i . 9
d !
' t !
6 r
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a)
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a F € t : E 3 ; 5 o .
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44 Cnsinerin! Hyd,ohsybsqhd, rh6 (ri ' soulhm Eryhid)
rr =n.(r r=Ra(r r(0.4 r o.55,rrr)
,Rs=or,.(0i7 oinJ"Xo:o+oso./r)
- xr(o r3 +0.f3/D)0 006) ,rj
,=x^(0 .13+0$, . / r l ( r . o%) ( r r r .4 i ,0 |7:(0.17 0.m7\,/?) (0.rr0 + 0 mtr/r)
drc a = h!! 4riribl! ri, *:ed
r- ndsc hh{rorrlr qlrr m$(rhrr,nonFlor ihe drioin{r (icedie xdklt( @,
y o y & l s i 4 l . d ! I , t ! $ o * e q ! , . 1 L$ ' " ' d d . " . ' . ' . t , " . , f " * , * - * n ]
L"-cte; ")fa)!i smd b. 4irurd ir ir d sn
dmahnrc urburhu), i]t mN beris eftnd by cl a). dre dru
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lvaronrion.rd Traspi'arion
. = ! L "
No{d in . r . , j , by$b r i r t rd ' . s r i s4 .= {a ; e3 t ^
rhts ts rc6md1. $$ il L5 nod *ry f1r fton I
(:r.5)I 11 !!.:!
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!2 =:L I
*lNntror (n' ends rlnt ir ,r" hyFLrr4ur
r + llllr) l!" 'jrL . ; . I
, ; J7:)
t1::tE.
l . fh q r .q* 'm r . : e ! r4 r .
t : ' ' *rnkr $irlr!tro'd{s4uocc.c trdbr I6)
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rc =^a(0r0+0134/ r )
h$€ad orpsnurra(o.]3 | o $4/rl,bul eydncmrairbc$,br rtu!
3.4 Euloilrbn ton thd sodlB 0.
trE/z; = 0.e0r & ,
] :
vdusorti/.r ror $dbm rr+llid
1 " .srPrnLe lu odobcl ' ,
T r ' N s t | ' B u 4 r j ! ] i | h s l u t r u j , t r b
r ' I ' l
t : ) r i i I = i r r . , ! L r d c t r
. /= ) . / ( rd s . r rnonst
EvapoEdoi.id Tnrrrnd'on
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, - (6?5 t ' 0 ' � y3 (77 r :10 ' y ,+O7er10 4y+o !e r ( r . e l
3v{,s! ftiP*rur / ccl n sivetr by
whoNg8sEd 'lrL .quijotr (3 3)ri(3.e) my b. simPlified 4 fouo{s
t = 0 oer'rr
roedorrr nre thrcuahdr pdd oreN{Fr. " I = r 5.c irrrf s*turs!(3r)?r, roi rh. ndtrh ai q4!!
Eldor',.oltlPoldngbnssj€nn{diuied {lu* tu rltnb! rdru$e! rd dl,
1 q * i h I c o l e l , ' h o t s r t d l b E i t i y
to enrh rhd mi( rjo do rd crur$ sbnLprly i ! pnricuh tund rhoush rr
For lrojd nudie
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N
t
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Chapler siriSpbsurfacc water
;::;ytul l
t ,
;::'i::'i;,5"''
i<*<
(G.", "J * t " )t ..a,: " t:)
: -:=l -r-- -<:.
Pole sprcs .oibin bnln ai dd $alar. fto r3ie! in djs 2onc is rno\r a Y4l9!3u3llJGEp.Dded (rtt d soil {:ier
C.nnned oi anesian \iu is o\eriair by aD inpeFions sallir.
Il l
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Pe.cnniel: on and oi-ink2 r..Ep Iencml :n rn n . j ! i : . (Ls r : t t y t rc . j i t i i . s : i : j i : i s i r i l a r )
T \ o n ' ? i d ' . u b . u ' r . , c r o i i . . r < , l ] \ d d t \ . ! : . \ 2 k r r . b l c ' t r : o r , o r . , o r z o n e , :f f i r " " , v . , - . . . ( o . r ' , ' . - . . l . . . ; < , t d a / ? / . , ) t )\
[ . r . . . , r , " r r c " :
( wlta t r . )l lo is ture in thc ud.se zone
T t r ! L r 5 e d o , ! o . i b . o \ e 1 . l ! t : . ' .
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Abor. rhe \arerrabl. c,riilltr,r id(&o Crr.t:riijr.:{s r 9!E a D.rdj\e h.\e inrennediale ,e.ion nt,.r n cli6.,:-rFieid.2pacj6 r tuoillr corl:i1ofsoil aner gi\iryi:jF-!. i.o.,plei..I:!!s3!91:l: noisiu,e con:.:,r ors.il \rlri Fla 6 ::rr.r :\ir: f, \2ir i:oi1r1e !oil.
]te2surenreh! of soil nroisiureTenriomeicr c.ns\ts olr lorous ceraric ctrp rhici
comected to amaDoF.r.ri ! i r ! r I i . . h . ! . i l . i l k d , i h $ r € f - i l
\ . te , io r D! r? t lq r r \ ? ro f . : r l .d ro i l r : re . .
C..-^lc.
f . ( 6 , S . l . "Ta r i . d r " : . . 9 o f r . , r . t . r . e .
ical mojsrureralues f.r qrjous soiltl'pes
rl--l Il i r+
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IIIIIIII!IIItIIItIIl rt
(t,rp4ifi" rird , ',ak. d,.jied fkat' /roral la:r:r. orjL: jfnra1,.n <f:;.sity
# = -4#l*i! <'""'''t
f ?h t , t 1 ' \ . h ' ttt/;,l b1
d
Moven)enrofsoil oislure
' ' " 1 , , , i : , , . . . ' . " / 1 ) . " t , " ' ' , " t ' 1
v ' " . , " , o t " ; " 1 " "
o . e , e r e d . . $ ] r a o L o \ e r . " o r 0 o . ' L i r _ 4 1 - L .a€tlabl.e. \ der ai dE lrremant of tbs \€c. <)
- q r l l " " , 1 . . , , " f : , r , - . , . 1 , , , " , , . i I l . ; r .i @ .{qqllqr: a -.?dlos:c foDialion, nnich contiN {ae ard trhsdjG n aonr ph:e ro !r1,.. ad /.rr.rrr.
c:n be ulili2ed r..romiallt'.
\'lereq: ao,rtr !irii j:t tlroush ur,it deax: dcei.i alcrq tr lileollov.
t l L . - ' ^ o e . d o r ' . . IF . b . t 1 e + l l t t \ ' t u "
() ?onri.r: ratn.rltepoE \olume ro rie cal \.t!.ie olhe fdmalior
l.": condutrnjn ( iidease \irlr increese olhoinue.onk n dnd d..rea.rjih ded.ae oftjdie
p 49!{!!9, is " rcmdion n hi.h con'iins sar. b
c.mo. r6nnr ir rapidty enoueh ro fu.ri!\a signincdi suFlt Io a rtrll or a sp.ing.
I n l l i i ' i o r : . 0 \ . . - n o . a , e ' r \ l d l q ' " . t , , i , . o o l
l...o h.iotr: :r01effir of\ald rhrugh rd
- . i l , " t ' l ' l "
t . " , t ' l r J r , ' . , / ' .nom,al ro rh. C:,e .:. '.i i i.\
. , - ! , " . " { P . , . !
vr ' r ' t ' ' v ' ' q {c
o n s , . 3 r , o ! . . . P o o I " . ,
S{otdary roro.iq: pdrosiNd!e to fi.torts ard !.1[i.n.fsin.].
qa h .f lr l q lr , ; ln/.v,
\, 'r ', lt cfln,l b1 so t'4il!
t truy ,
o ' ,1 b,. /u l ,
nrr"rurr*rnl n"t lht/
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a\ebge porcsiry. spccifi c
l5
!Dd penne!bil;L\' oi !arious ll
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t "+1 .^ t1 < ? .$n .a \ i t : t .( . - r ) " . iq J '< r (D,
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5 i.- -<\ipe olrle L)dFlli. :*de l:r:(i:.oetlcie (d'J:r )
f r e d r ( h r - e o k q i L . I L i _ i c J L
Thc rlfectnc :.ea - r:.s - seiit.rtrr
r<r=krn,/p =Cd'n/ F
!-=(h€rikin!. o rdbi L.c-?a{D:
09gt '10_c i '
\ , 0 a r . , l M " r b r I' I" i l r ^ . r .
, . f r / r l . ; ' / . . 1
\ ' , ,l : : . . . . . . . . . . ' . : )
O ,. ' '" K, '. .rmi. e"!(-,J.+k r=k ,P= c . f f ce " I
.{ ? e, n e 1L:1;+J \^ /)iq
t=Kr.,,s =... hi:sk "= ; .e t l r red i l p . i . : bL . I d f ; ! 1 , ! condu(n iq '
crJ
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. i l - - . 0 1 . ' d " ^ ) ' $ o i . r r t e d e ' i o o r - % l r
\Y - r. st..i;. r.ighl.lri:e:l:il
u = .bso t r i c r i sc ! s i * o f rhe i l u j di=f;d".r Gh.lE ;tkins !*osilY 1nd othrr draeclcristics olihc aldjunt
d=.\erxg. pore !iz! oa15. a!di20
)\i:t-'),
(6-5)
'ir) s . ..iulio1!tr) a {oilcs;q - k r I
III'q=' l -B-s . - , . . - - . . ( 6 - 6 )
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lc
q= k' as
f=2I I .h , s=dUdr'? q=r I IKsrh 'dh, /d i
{ q J i dr '= r I ke { 'h dh
C q l n . . L - 2 I l \ , h - l 2 L d
{ q In r r i r r =J l k . ( r r . r hr1 - ' Or
",*ftirt "*..,.,,*,-*. r-j' "v'"':,"f (- s"l" /''t'/). d b " ' l : "
, l ' " t , : , : . , ' . ^ i ' ; ' " . , ' ; . ' ' ; '
l" ' u';Lt,'",,,,;t i t, .T"t, l ),t7,i1,1,, 1,,,1"t""" t, "l l tI e4rtt/ t1 1/'t ' :r '
' 1 " ' , j , r - .
t " r \ ' / r - ; , , , 1 "r . . . . . . , : " . i l r , , / " t . , . i 1 , , t . " . - , a j t , ( h . t , . ,1\\j -- tihai,t. t, G t, tL/.1, , 4s, cl.,-y" tt rLt {)Le elet.i,(
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IIIIIII4 ,r=k,?IIrbdr ' /d.
\ rh+! . .nvy+Q\1.-- \1) . /
q, oi 'u". =tno u, i -ot or lq In r0/(=r l lbkeG0-b")
q , '..-i;ta b i;ih, r,,tlr"'iil= zn r o.-:,"1r I" r'qr.rrn{ ' "
z r=qr , ( ,0 ( ) / t l l ( t jo h" l (6 8)
I u1r - 'XI
| :)ryt "f /he Yh1-t ' '| ' . ,vL.a i t .11,e't r !1:
I u1l, ' . -L 4'-r ' ) ' t ' rz r L k p l r , - t o ) / $ t . ,
| , t 1 , 1 . . / ' t ' " ' 0
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,1 r: l . "), r . / | t . , I| . t t 1 1 t 4 1 t 1 d L t . t ' I t 1 t t I v
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l n l c t t 4
4 . .
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\ A t " ( , , ' 1 4 - ; / ' ' - , l : . ; ' ' ' '
,r .-=) tt - - rrr),'t'rO,l t,t,,-,,"t 1r,,,, l tt, ot,1, /,.,, / i ,rf "1,,r.a.:.
ti,n lh, ' v./, t i 11 / lt' 0a,,1 c I
( ) : t /
znb z7 (h . - l ) / p : 3 - . ., , n , , , i ; , , ,1 | t " , ' " ' , t t ' ' , . , ,
! , . ^ t " P . l D ' t t . , h t ' . a : t . , o , t+ | , i v " - , o t ' t " ' - / ' ' t
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IIIIIItIt
III
I
q, Ln'rrr -r.\/ t4L)
F . i ' . n h l 6 l l lC
L i ; : t ' . t e r , i r ' 0 . i d " . ! , / A c a r r o - r ' . i - o !
E € 1 " - o . l J i n 2 { P; eJ " ̂ et t t .
a hle ol20 !s, the d;l\Ldosn i'r ie$elhlir)&4jnnon1bepuinFirgrreila.roLddlob'1.2 & t.8 n, respectirely. Ddeftiie the lEDtnissibilityofihca'luifer' \rlrat iitb! dnrdorm ir
sdo* ' r z - - z ' a ) h | . 3o - 2 '= 2 a , 9 4
. . 6 . zn r (h r t . ) / ' " + ,
r r r= l l ] 1 .3=13 l i1 & h=:0 : := : ' )
;/-t{-,J
lTls=2 f, 1_1:3.1.:7 !li.(,li/:!)
t ' --li[.m;t p.n:ercs -:0 n L ;los 1Lr lfiic r:ler -ebl.. Aftcr a lo'g lerioC oi ] Ji):::-q :1 a
r : r :c f lo l ,n ;c* , f d . i -sar ! i . r ! .115n l ja rd15n ionrhe ldpedr ' l l i r r ; I 7ard0 !
L r.s!€cri\.I]. Ddr.ftjri rte n:rsiri!::::lit ofrt:.quit r. \\lEt is inc !ra\Co\i il r:]:
. | . . z t 1 ^
t .J. . . l t = "- ' ' '
= 4 r ' z h " " 5 " / 7 - 7 t 3Q = 10 Ys * 86.a =2592 n, cay
e=nKOi bi/r , 'Gr,,r92=nK({9.1 ' $11/h(4 j / r i )
=10.7'50 =j0tmrtdayTne &ardo\n h !l; Fnp:di.ll.a1L. ddemited b)' appb i'e i:re ?bo\: cquano'1'
it.6ce ofih. nell (r,,):nd r,
,levr)
q = 2"1,,, "2a.a - rzzz^/t' . , r , s - , 1 t t - t z t , - a t ) / h ( f )
T. ' .8, ' /J 4-" ' ' ,7
. ,r t ( t ,-r)/" L- , , , . ,-
' . t 7 2 r = z l f t t l ( 2 3 t ' ' a ) / ' 6 * -
;-:";'ei-L:)/'^z.-)". = trt$+i . i -r+tt)
+ . E:;'.i J!". ""'''3 ^- / !'"'^ i';;y'=';,,':Y"t[:rtr,bt'"J)"^- - ' '-73:'r4 -2 9
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PRoBLEITS ii i * . , ; .u . " . i . ; , ' . ; , . " - , ry " . j - ' r 's { - i " , ; ; " ' ;
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tI
\rJ e!\ L" sses
J.Lr;/1j p.nl;^1 -1 "ral". l--tt '"<1.1.'t ' / J,^rk-" '.r ' ,yat /o ,L ,"y. i l t).- /.,,,.L",t, , ' ,, ol 4,c rt-L he 2tve-,ttol 1../k l..y"ti1t k,'" /ta!)cLLtt1.e-u.d 1/'e *J) f-tz 21us11.," )ru.t't'1",t"' c"usel b.5 f\"o {kr"..r$ dc[! scr.en o.nA oni,r\, ^ . ! / . ^ - n \ r \ \ \ \ ( L r v . , , , . { t v 4 " . L . . , o , . . 4 - 1 1 , " -
\\rr-*X\ u.\.., re.n ir \\o'rtl (\s \^le\LLo-SS . e
+
c-^L, *-ll
- \ ) ( - , , : \ \ r r \aglQ)+
\: i,r,(('.0 wc\\ \"s': -., 'c"n\i\{A (\u.,1-\-
{wre \\ -\ = ! ( Js-dJ. --\o - z 1 1 6 t ( l l - f )-- i tr7i"rfi.-r,\i,r1 iu .u,* .,1"1"i.i"" 'q,l "Ji i'rl .,r"-\\ \.ss cQ' L il j
L , . " \ ' t d J q r ; ' ! s
_ - s = ( \ \ h ) s ' 4 ! r ' - r t a " r - - , a \
thc c.^*r .,'\ . '.i,".Liu r.1s.u-'J r'* r. . 'u L "'s .llq:a\ "te\t ,Gn'L r ' / ,a,1 ".1"1 a',a1' ' , t1 ,1/, a,11.'
ru,tL'nx R-- ,/\tr?rr"t -2 [s =6nI c?;l - -r.'o" n' / -: ;G,G;I:'.-=tuCl';
;,t e /lktr<./ ds l. frolu.l .! " r.l l"ssf'Lbr C "n/ s"*- 9."rr 'l
l ! -._,_*1\coh
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,{sg
'l6\eci/t" caPaci/! =B)L_ ** i+, 1 'Lp '' I
i 4e4aU -f lLttrJl-2,r u l'lt'a",t/"a4i /tnboas.-str'dll,c -t1 capz c i t g"-./l/.-ut4l,[Lts!7ur ra s un4*. e#e c h'tcnds €tL.A-i- ,slalfl?Lo,lad//:14- -:-!s-!, t^ -
u\\. .G-o=5..r. \ ,s.=J,:*"J""., ,^ " 1-l l
.r-' . seS, ,/). ay..l, = o . .= 9 ,,,- tr ,A e t . e . a t s + - d " )
E/'^tl< 6,6 = | /B + <: t]�"-':
l:.r qr:...,tt/c'tlt",td 1 1,'J" ',''.rt,,,t, /I ll",1,h 1',k-,d',)r1,,. eflioe,rcy ol r1. -tl i." 'r.tr ',!s =p"";!;- ap-.i+/ i ,.'f . .t lt/ "i /,h.1 , l l l;;,.. 10r", rr,. ::rLq '. l,tJ,,r.o.l c- ;x'o l"i
f t t ,b ,)S _ r - . . , , , t 1 , , _ + , j { v " . . , , . , . * _ p , 1
' ) * < s a ' " f ' ' f "
. . . . l . t . . 'p c o' .- r x i l1: ;r . . r i = . ' ' / r n
-,({\osri(Cc )lo *$({ \.,,;.s \\q .s
g,g - e:L1- =. \v . . \nn/"
,f /,1, ttlt -- .zz.// o . - t 7
t '-J,:'\\.-
/ L ] \ : .
" " t ' . I i J , . . n / J
,i,, ::[::s; :,1;;-.,: -es-q jrr1ifl i,5" , i1 1 / i . t r .1 . t r ,4 l ,.na nt, '1 ,n.c,\ : lq ' t1 14y't t'nt l.,t/ <tr-1",.n*r .1h,t .
, ' i ' t t {a l t Mi t b l l fL - . - "C - ,-- ,:- uh u Lt;:\; =1,r]7X,;q '-4t--
r - . " c t<1 , . , , h t
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III
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"'t1,, ' 1
i I -u
J,
L;
lE=;'iE- i:ar.ran .ba:der lnns of srlq rlov:{:rln.ri;nr ard 2ii,u2l\.hiles ar?rhbl! for siomg. ald use.
Ch!f .cleristis of tl:e ht drog12irir. " L 0 . . D . o J . , l o
Lo r .h . i e d i . : - ^ 1 . r sJJ no ,eL l ;n Lo l )
;,J,\
,,L?|
'Ltr
| .c rerhrd ao, r ( lu f lhce ' !no iE:$r i r r [ i l i a ]e l s . r : r t : 5 , . ud sdace
Irter-florr Gubsurla ce nortu no\v)r\\rder \ni., Day rlq?. h:eraily rlmush 1te qtper soil Jaltsuiilii c cd
sl.\d ib:r CrcsufarerDoti:
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:r- Cround*ate. fl.F (base floF or dry-1r_-ftiher nolv):-. coiinbunon ro f e 5r.2r d\i.L 's c{)e) elltu4l tl.tan
E . o , . " n i . D . e . d e r o l l o ; d i \ i d e d i n r o . . o p v . l i .G)nomr Do$(dnar nnof) { suria€ fuof a1d sllni d
lor on.f$e nrler{o\i
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Fig.(7. l) A I !ic:L 111..!ogr'1!ll
Tle funclian shich Cesfjbes fie recesion.!ri (.irdir;ic!.t)
q, =to$. onetine u!r-i lai.rk.=rec!.sion constatrl{hich is tc$ rhrn ur:fJFdr do.e general forD, ihis equation.an beR.ifte!2s:
{7-2) { , " - +r . j ' '1 -7+j ' "
III
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1;-1T,,: "^::vi, )2:"; "11 e . F d i s p " € i \,, r " II r .depo ' ; ton iner imeun i tss .k . tgd . i t i susuany:Jhot rs i , , .1 " / < : - l$ \< r dL ' , , ' t "'
i t : , \d. J. J- ; " ' i ; s ; . l i : t ,r : . i :r , . ' I " , \ ' ; i a 2a, 9 " : . .+, ' , 7.; , i "
F,=-q ' i r i . l : q /d . . {7 -3 I
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, 1.. d- " i/t
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/tt "l tun/"/"y A ,etln/tft. u,.,t/)r"-/ "t",l"r */,lle u,,lnt ,i./)rt "/1q t.,)
a u t , h l \ f i t i - , ! . r t ' , r" 1 ) . | ) 1 . '
Lt , ; -11.Y i : l - .1n 1 ! - - ' - , rJ r l r t t 1 5 1 X 1 ' '
Vo" . h21 6- ! ! - * ,
/ / J 3 r , e ' t (
, ' u - h ' ' - l t , 4 t - l / 3 / t' ' ' h ' L /V . z : i l 2 ry. , t * . h - H ; r + . 2 - t " \' 4 ' l a , 7 l t k 1 : Q - , 2 1 1 ' .
/ l ) ' h , ' . , t " , y ; ' - r - te . 1 ' . . 4 , ' 1 i , , , ' , , 1 ), " " h , ' - ; 3 , - : , , . , : z + ). l, '-liGit .:tt' i
l x A , - i rc , , /q r i ' l q4 / r , , r . /u ' h " t ' , e l t "1 i , , tnP, l l v " l , ' ' , ,
5*.hr- !1 . )+. / - t ' . , \+7 i l l 'o ,n to"r ,<c L, ' " ! ) / .87 4y".ky e7o,/,r "l t","18-,-'kk a ,/t1 ",vk tr"-tt," af,/ler./121
o t 1 zt', I t/.& t t z/s * 1""/ -, / h 11 er' n te' /t e q.4' / /., a 3 "" (..Ivbd;
rt /lp 11/r*r/i. r"v/",/tt,\ ,S yer'te"f, /, l1 . lt<,/"':1 -4 lt"o/o,l,r i )/q"t,'i ,/ert, )j -- ' s1nt,l 2
<4 ( Y t / ' " L' /K. / ' ta / 'a / -L t ' - - 7 3 2 , t 5 2 - E a . l ' '
. . u r +Vy . '1 , / ! " r -=g" fo 2 . _ /7 , . ' . : V7 b<" , . ,a ,a /. 7 :*4, tn" .4142 (.t fi--t"" "/,V/.-*l <t *n< r,/u,zQ
b r.,c"r [;,,,,1' ,/o,h , *;/lt / ',h.r1, a pV,"]/nx"t*,1r,7h" V*l,r i ';ac",t/.,t *;/ /r ,l"t'",4K. ^"1"y "o/ so/,'otr/ y'\,.kn." --vt,t.[ : / ;n , le l , le 4 r , ,1u , , " l / ' t . * " t r 1 . , " ] / te a t ;q i t , lp "?" .7e l r , . ru r f r ,< h i? !h t i ' .Edn \ p , , * .b , t i j - , t , /2 , , , r,f,. 'I-- F" ly -: 2 x rj". t" k'//ay
/ ' : ) l t T ( \ " - tO/ l t r t " , t r * ) ==) b oB N/ ta t2 , - - ) ) t 25"t .
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t 5 . 1 . ) x 1 t , t t 1 1 " ( 4 "' ' ??l -\ t7,a - 11'/ h*
. : \ v . 4 7 q 7 $
S'*)/lr(0""/@
B",,tl 'ta tltu,l, ', / . : - " l - , o t . . t r r t t , . . u . . ' . a L / p f t .
h"aoTereou "7.,/o .{ 1r*l ei 'y/ s",/r ." / , / t" /"/ai{r, kt, /1
t]".oaakt?/. t',LztSa..z.1 *e//t ae Jtz./ /.7zl1z* y/.LeLt "-,s"f /,f,',- n.y "rat/y ,"t Q't/2, l"/ )a"/ /4L r,.1. k 1"11.,l l- ', ", t, 1,1. b,L-. r",t,*, /t, -,"' "l "1,7r,rti., .rcr/"v.'I /r" /r,,u1,,./ " (.",, I t 11" r". ./ /h, /r"ol-" -';"1/.b1 l/u u1".L.t *'A,Lz,t-, qz/L .u Lule"/,t"" ./"," 4l"Jr//tr,tte f/'* fr.. 1te uztlt tt iwTaie.l za'1-1|zzJr-t"Z "wnt )nt . fz4t . l C5 - r - t - - - - - t ' t u
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l ' l/ , . . . '';z).'
+ i , t : . , - ' - 2 , " t
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!i( elelteiral hydregEpll- )
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Tle elenrenal hydrcgralh .trc 2.e, (..ir) - fold ournon itun
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Fig(7.a)D(r!tr1ion in :ior:gc =ro!21 :nflon io
T g A . t a t I"%'" r"' '" '
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II ie , , - i , r , ' " i ; . - ' . " . S g , , 0 , r l ' n " , a , - \
r . . r ' : ; - . , - r ] ; : F u * . B o ' s h r o r t 0 b " o o r { L
E x t " t . 7 - t ' ' - f '
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ferE f1-:1" 2"/ tnY' i l I';:i{t;";;;7, t \ \;e- i,;- "l *--,-._ I I I
I' . . ' d c , . a " , : . ' : . ! . r e , ' i . \ o . l e - o a B + I
. - e : o . o o o l . - . r o e n o J n r o l r " j L . l l f ' . r ' , . p e I l ' " 3 Ih d a t d n l " , / " . " d J e f l . r ' r , , t . . , ' . t ' A ) . h l
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' D ' ' i d i l i o ! o f J n : ' h ' d r o : ' " n ' : - F . \ \ d J o q 2 ' o ' o * . e n ' i r ' . � � � � �
. d : - ; . a ; ; . j : : - . . 6 , - 1 i . s ; . . , , . 4 . , 4 . ; . 1 1 . - - L l . - . . . . 1 r ' t ) . \ . t . . . aI . d . l t ' e ) E : t a 3 ' - . ) n ' d ' . t / . , ' / I
t i t*, '1 " '- ' /4 "/ ' ' / t '- t - (t -)Dc:rl1!!jt!al!g!!rj{:,."_.'^
** |irl riia tr* a;' -t.'.oti. . \ i d e ' n c , 1 . o i r . o ' o i r . r . s o f , b e C i r r . r r r . o l l
- 0 e , , D b b r o I . ^ r i I
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i ' : , , : ' ' ' i l ; : l
L!e ll irod nddtrjb'pca]{' rs'rrleli'ernderl'tr r!tl' (!0ittl sfu! linleslopc 2s J)drn
2) Resd nas'noY (cdlDdn 1)
l) colubi'=loitlflov -base ilo{ = dir{t lbi
l r Sud t i r s d Lc r f l d l=1637
. ; ; : : , . - ' " . --- , ' ' :o. , . , r ' r
" , , ' ' ' " ' " " ; : ' : " 1 ' " ' ' " l . " : ' ' '
' , t , " , . ' , ' ; " ; " ' o b r d b r b r ' - ' r o q r ' r 1 : - ' r
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r i ; * . " . , , r . . " . . p r . . d , ' d , " . ; ^ " . . - . . v . " ^ , E . *,_^_11i,."i, ,:;.ii ": ;:.:'l:...:,::., ::t.".. j;":,;"j:;".v;":,:?," S,,i: t. (E ! . u i r bdns6p ' $ ro .1 ro rd 'd&- '+ t r l r . , t rmg(o r
-
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Ifi. sr hrdo5phs Drsiiq ,\Guqh ,b- _ . r fu . 2 .6 I_ t
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' . . - b t . r i . . lj
i ; , ; , : : ' , : r ' " . ; r j . . . : i i ' : : : - ' ' T : : III
, 4.44; &II444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444.go jiri,ro"{1A4!ere!-4r::&r- C::e"' t "-L\::-ys!:!L
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Buildine &CoN'u.rion Ens. Dep.Bdnch of Shih'l &Eivnonddbl Eig.Iin3l ErrD (1005'1000 sond atopr
Nor. AN*e. rourquEriors o.ly.(Qu6rion I sboDldQ.l!l!! - Definerhrc. of$e following:
" 2- Elap.tesplnrion.
,l Sud.ce runofi.
Qto cilen bdor
Engin€ri4 H)drclog/
III
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& Sho* th. difieHa b€nlen rhc InlillEtion md ths Percolalion.
q?)\- ArcmomdeEar l0 and 50 n oi arowerrso'n \iid sPeeds or4 and 9 ntsreroedidr Comlue sind soeed at 30m.Us; $e eqmion
- 6/i')=(z/z')r
B:PE.ipkarioi skrioi X \as inogcF.ive lor pan of a nonth during *hich a $.moc.urrcn The Fspetilc $orm loEls ar rhse sutuuiding sbrioDs. A, B. dd C*er 60. i0. and 30 nD The iomal an.u.l Fr4iIirari.n anolntsar sEtjons X,A. B a.d C arerespecrively700,500,900,350 nm. Enimarerbc sbmp.alpildioi for sstion X.trss $e eqm,ion Px = l/3 [ (NI/NJ PA + o\x,alB) Pr + O'r,^'d Pc]
ql A 25 cm sdl pereftles m unmnfined aquilerlom delp beloq the shic waterlevel. Afiera lono period ofpuhpiii a!a r*e of 900m'/da! lh. heads aitur ob*.v2rioi *elh l5n 'id 90n away liom rhe punping*ell ft found rohcl6m and lN.5m respecrively. Mia! h the ave.a-qe hlddulic .oDductivity in theequifcr? \\ hd n the head at the tunled Rell?U* rhe cqudioi Q= Jr X (hi hrlld (r,/rt
It!IIIIIIIIIII
are $e flo*s FoD rnom ol1.hi duhior on a iEam siih aof l00O kmr. A$uN cdnna h6e notr=3o0mrh, drive
Qt:) Shielded drd uishielded e!€es sr a sbrion indicale,$om ninLll ol30 nn atrd50 nn. ft sp.cirely, enimare rhe adual niir'all?Use t|t equa( oi ln P!c,/P1 = b ltr hcr?sc rirh b=163
Q lt 11. daG in I:bLe bcld* repEscnr obrred inflo!! llood hydrog.phs fc achsinel iea.h. Delemine rheoutlloLvhtdraeEph tom ik'$ch il(=i2hr,X=0.i5 atrd.4Fl2hr.Theinnialoudown9m'kLse rl,e fo lo\iig.qDatiois:
c,= (.{r L!/( r+2K-2Krl, c:= (it + rK\)/ (dr+?K-2ll\),cJ= GK-2X)( ̂ ' /(!\r+?K :Kr)
rd oj '=Crlr-i +C)Ij +CrOl
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liiff f, qt :,r :, : ) " r ). jt-jL'.2)';l, L\J!, *-
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6 IS zt -sz-I t L z ' : 4 t 5 1 a l a z t " +
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| 'l ?=',: llX 'i!; iL:-";i EI n_,
I t4 LL tE t1L 16t 3tz +=
- 6 " za 3e t zz 1 "6 z t4 L t+
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t - j r l l , ' l . ' -J r- .- 1-1 ' t
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na. y:7.q t /"lu 1.... , . ".izex.l nr<;,te1 " 1,1 ./L n,.,,t. 1.. ' /4lor.t l , .a ,/.1>t l . :- / , / t t , , i
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l r . . o / . , l , r - . , . \ . y 7 , , 1 , - 1 , . i - ' s " t r o _ " , a o
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6 f f i * "a r r ' " ' " r z ' dde r r . o l v i l - r u r ' ' 1 ' " ' " : " : : i l
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t\"" r,':,*- -*-,-,-e er--9r" -T'
LLIL lI tl rl l
li :\:::i: \ elrcji r4r=]-rtll, A" ifil,tir 'rl
uL:.h ctA bz a ' :+ l<^ ar
q - . o ' s$ 0. rt)l t - . . : i i n : ' i i i - l (S . ! , e lrfera.i:anLrd i:!j: lininrla f.r h it!leli
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i - d - i r . r o r . J l d i l " l v ( n t
,i.' rer.,i,oNo\,ii. Qri ) on 0 ii:1rj,r)Lr ro i ) : : r i . l l1 ra(9"dsturndiobel i rer i , l
lr = !:.75 ll]rr L+c) / s l- ! 1 " !e ! lop ; C= r : t ; rd -n t (oe i i . ie i
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+ L 4 \ , ; : ' L . i , :
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,.d: q" I e:rnoqn, plot o{rvs. q) can be obtanled tiorr his nglrd. \rlic.iu+:q:ert i|e
:
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I6xa.Pr< 7,7 uri,r r?al ' .J i \ .+\^-i
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r r : , " , ^ . u . f 4 6 h L o . . n . r . d . ' 1 " ' ' \ Y 4 ' 3 t a e " r d 2 3 : : ! . - 4 l ." :J; - .J " , , " ' , ] t ts" , ! ' \ . ; , s t 'P. 4 ' arL ' .4""+!" : ! " -";\f,ffi^-1*
r"' v:'i"*i' tn"-tft"- \a'-'"'�t'
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a . ; - . r " . r s , - : u a ! =
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", - ." ', ' :" ' ' u, r^
a . o ' 'Ez *' l- 'J
a"z !i: :: :
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-e - e- Z. . .e-u " ,ut t , -
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! - . r 1 . . . . . . ' - L a ' ' a 7 " r - " r ! t 2 r _ t z r / 4 e L t ' ) i e
, ; ^ . " - . - . . - r ' \ € ' 4 s i 2 ' 7 Z i ' "
tu,'3 "/-'4r^ zlA a:jt t'=
- ' v" = Lk Zi -- l+z^)l- tz ' \
( z : 4 ) _
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' , !:lY !a-:i"'^-- l{ "J I t r ' c r i .n r io r . \ t ' (
;s;.'. '*;, j".":6".',,', 'dit.t,{lii l,-lr,d . d i ' r ; . . , , r . ' e d o r , 1 \ . i " r r ' o \ ! , : ' : e - ' r ' ' P ' r i u d o r ! . n r f l l
Relf l ;0u bet\reen prcci l , i lx l ion r ld runoff
.--� f "#,i,, " -Si: t: : : :.: :'.'.1:.1:::::t;'a*, -,f*!?'1,,",**,," "* ' .
t | e i p : t . r ' o n i a . , . ' . . r ' e r e n e ! o n d . | o ' v o r ' r ' r :' - ' , ' \
Suriacc Retenl ian ( ,5+'F )-=-
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r j il!,.-*i 5'' ., .. " ..',r d id.!:r+e+-4 : jr'-i"j : *!1 "''''"
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:ioE9e iir:,iL! r: !L .uir ci Froj.cred n!a ls. rliii!hr+ " tJ { .+ : . . i . .^
r , ' = ( s r j ,E rd ( f . s " ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! o t l
:-= ll:u::'::tl', l:;,:"':":11"! il";."':: i::,Ia;i'i:;i;i ""E=m;;dorEin { li!ii',^"?,'.1f -'-i "::.;5Ii'+; i;;;;:L;;: '; iiilk=(1i(:,FEt:)).t:",e:
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: l : :o i l t r : inP i lk t rbn ' t tinil:tatior.fiar;.se.l\a r 1l$ngir nrs soil I r'!c:
Perco atio.. nn\ .lIh. \der Nidin lre sojl bi 3ra jrt
l . ' : : ' r ' i o n . " t , i r . : r n s r i F ' n t - r 3 r ' ' f r ' l i " r t o
r-,.'-, ..ii-.: ! r',lli- ;: -';;iai f"",'.:1t""'i,"::' I iEar+r t h7* , ' ! :1L ,e . r in r i :d ; i iu r l0a l t le l .e i i l rd c fnor : r : : : i :
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r= d.; f.L i!.r,,i,,g of,ai),t rri'- s" tt r,." (+ {-.:"e-( ide\:'tX Les r' --
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ldecErion ot & (3.5) qi\ci1 cunrlaln. infi lrft iion F ai tiDe
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n la & b e pdrneterderriird bt oxpcrinrnc.
h alem lsed io delcriie rii \rdrologic2l.diliri0n rr3n\eeinre z:rioLiofprccjpilatjon o\tr rl:.,;: r"le6hed ad inr res!lri::-i d:rn4e oiriis ,f-r rlioDgl $rtr .f.rnieh .r eralohns$6doi?
lnitial moistpre c.ndilior\Tle qEd1l ol runoai linj ha sron dliriCs o::
L) I,loisiurc condnicN oi ih r?i.lDenrs.2) Slom cndadenlis: .-.:.r. irtenlnt bdd[: .).
Scil poistureshorld l.c::!e lorainaricnn \ii) li:!. dliirq,ai,.ls ori.r.c;,rn,i.a. fte. . ' l i . . . . 0 i . , j - L -
iom a pdiculd basin !.irr spe.iiisd n:erolo3icd c.rdiiicn! i! :ou-cbly Frcponi.nal r. _de
anonat in siora,le i.e. nr !.il.noniu3 snould Cecr:rd !.aairhit:ij! \irllnre dui:g lan.ds
k i Ece$ionlrior= (0.85 - i.98)Ir'de inilialvzilue cf a,t.ed.Dt prc.ipitarion Index.' r ' - - d " - d . e l . e r o " . e . . ' u . h e L ) C e y f o t
J 0 f " o r o r - d , 1 , + - r o d i r , . - 0 0 - 6 . d . : . . C \ .
Precipitaiions Ruroif reladonsAmual p.ecipnaidn \s. Anul tuoff oiicn sho\$ soodc.r.laiior,Iig (8 i), ejpeci,llt
for dcN wbeE pEcipnatic. IzU! jn de sjntd donris.
" R=!<?
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II!I
" ltI
be usc{j for !.Fdi.tion ofqnsready
r . \ /a\e nro! .ucnr
r r ream l |ow rouhno:
^ }{o.n oclr.n,l risin q \rfe: s a\inrpteior ssread) Lhtu ijrci::::: dnifornty dd
1. { ' l , , "sk+
wale in a unif.n .honet: iniriarrr LbebsoDcsudinljf .\, eft be hieh;nie.
4,
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t
F E 6 '
*tt 1,
uir,erereroc'ry & v_ Odginar floy vetocirvA= cros{ecriorat area ofihecna*et
Froto Eq (9 l) the \rave retocji,
u= (ArvrA!!j)/ (Al^)=(qfqr/ (AA,
rh e reach in r 'r.it ofthe
(e-2)
F't
?BII
Ilz
. "9:r,-r. ,i"t.
. f rhe rare- i (A. q l
A - l(AL, ̂n Il_ ",:__ ,t,lv"-'A-, t;/l"l :,',/ IU) ,/t // l
:[-+-]-4"'-':I ...-/t i
.7s . Vr !
oL4e:I+ _i-s o i l l :e :ac: .c aA:nd 0B €qn2l t tc
' '=71Az= ! '
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d . u a v l , . O j " l S , a e \ j o L d d O . d d s - . d o b " d ( - r - J J ' :
:-:2,- : L =t : t t ) j r
, { / } - - - -
substituling.!q (9 5) into Eq.(9_.i), ireresulr NL3l1
- B
tB,
ld
Eq.(9-3) is knoMi,r $ide open dra'del )-
:
(9-{) B 9
q:Av:!I}=BY:? SIq
S= mergy slole: $ a1e! s!rf3c. slcpe'
dqi dr:l3i rr€::!j =F/tY
\ o aslat
dift leri j:rirg Eq.(9-i)
' . ' f l h:'v'/ *"" ";;l: '. '(?;ii7 T1:*
r s O
ro s)
(9-e)or tz l,^s=srs,:1,rdt -,odl
I=inflowraie. O= ourflownte, S=sioragc lrEle
For roxting calc! larion a'e.ag. llows mav be used
((I1+r:)i2) (r0 - (o,+o)/2xdt)= (sfsi) . . . ; . : ' . . . . (91 ! )
II
III
tI
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fow is nr tdrd to o |np lne a io tu l ron +r. f f i " d ' -; " " : ; ; ; : " i :
' : " . : . i , " ; " . i , ; ; i , ' . , ' . o i " . . . o t " R .
s i ' d o b c ' " FDcterminai iod olstorase..Tllc raler sulace s nslalJ
->r- in q ? . - -
R.{+i"5- -. -- t- itJrnedinrl _- -cP :r2blFse<r"r La)"v,i i;t _:;t\
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(e-11)
of(2s/i-o)
Se
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, or+L:l'(ls,tt,)=1rsy'r+ojl a
,:'Jff ,:'i:::"H'l?':fl fi ##-Jtu:trThc ioresllndinglahe ofO: el be ieraminedco6putalicr is then releaied for sL..eedng
f?blets/! o
5.6 :fji;1,.,c't.7
l.-1
2Slt+O
I* l
III
Midniqht
14,9
l6 . r
23,537,236,9
J.f,10 .510.36.6
' : .1
D s.h:r9. means olrfon disch:rge
I.2
\\hen {e hare galed cuilets, -,irtn t,l. (9- 10) is nDdined1o:
(r,+I1y, r' (o'+ot/?) roil=sfs, . -...... ..(9_lt)
O.Tconftlled olrflov6R=.esukted ou1flow
IfO G zero. !q. (9-lt)b:cod{:
' )
rl
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I).,.1
tu-dR+s,=sj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 9 r 3 )
On-(2s,/r O,)=(2Stt o, l 9 - 1 1 ) ,0'+I:)-2
E! (9-1.1) ro thar a Eq. i9- r l ) l ,o \ . { 01: l icu ld be
so)
4+a!l;1\9au rve\.:'
t
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1 7 . ( 9 - +
T/n4'+ . - 3
+ 9 1
r 3 t 6
---:>- 33L
-- , 213
--, I Z,
----> t8
3 /6
3 ft'1a,t /., "
I ,
t 9
- 8. r-
+/ar+fntt
5/N
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6 fra-
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t/t,
t/nat3 7
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-. .,-"-,--.--:: j--:,x-ji::: j:":J;rl'i5,'; * - "-
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; ; : : ! : ; : i: . i : i i i i rr ! l r ' i ; i ; i
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\raen jiflo$ erceeds oudloN ls is Posilive andr;se rersa' T:1' srorage atinvrnle
iliiJl*' "i'i. G'r.."0 "eg'riie sbage in*nrrts suDs'quer!ro the serected
z.ro!oin.
fffi,.'" .i - r r,.ce j',,r:i..h
J
-;t
iilrt' jl -'::]'lil)-- '.' ?
l
ac =u=- oJ t
!R'5
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P, .
Fit.(s ^4)
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EXNIPAz AtlZldiv^:F r* )e|t:"'"t
*, 11- .2)/1t /e.f ot > .e ' - A
a . J z - . . e ^ r 1 " . . o : J r L I' ) 4etJoalaz, 4;retar ' tc ret).1..^
el,2ri . 'a^: .? = cJ' D lz.: i
c."{?c:e"1, D i ' +Le e^+' '^La
olc,i, t a,.J H it +ue 'Lt: 'J 'b e \ , , u t e c a : e r a ^ ) , ' " r ' 4
r ! - - l . t ^ ^4d D= 2 .
!-4!L:-L0) -rl2 autllau it
= Q.d@A,|l;i;'tfr-
a..a .+ /D bezf , .s
" )!e.+ . | 1 (^ t^elxll]'
- u i l e + . + . a t f / " e . T h e
tve. t i ' 1 ; r 'e^ L) fAe
' j \ +re Jt . ' l ' ) r '9e
I
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- r l " z i l I ' a \ 1 1 ) " l r a ? l ' ; \ 1 1 " "
t ) + . i + 2 . . ' e . ' . : / " ' + 1 1 ' a ? ) t ) ' - J -
" r, F,") att - d'! L.vztT^X:!lj944 a
xire^ 19 o = ctwo rl4T--- tc.ssJi- -- 26.6 Ju- -
i t .:-I
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t121. ) : ' . \ ) / jz . -++tPo - s t , ' / '
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=
l=
i..-: i '" 1.-{it".]]l- .i'n;j",r"
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= t " t - : - J 6 ' -
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.-::14-i .:
-=taX 6--- : . .1872. : .":': z {2r.=...,.- t94.
zZtE- : -3t9=
.. -,t/E-.-. :', e3 t
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--h-v,"ki\-r-r"lh"d it . conDmnlt !*d nldFlosic touling
rdiable dnch's: nlnge relationdrip. n)is relhod Doneh de slarase" t
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n\e.chrDel by a coDbiDationof lcdge odpnenn.Eq. (Fi. 9 t).
_ . . - : - ; ; i i : : : : ; i L ; . . f ' o , . '
It
II
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IIt
IIt
Iis (9 :l Prlsn od red-qe $orae
D[jn! dre adrde ola nood Nare. inJlor e!..:ds o:tlo\ !i.:jtir-l. . . " . i e . . - . a . o . . - . e e o s i r . . o r . . f . . ! "' . n , b - a d b ) a \ o o e I
. - r r o i f , : r . .
i A . . a : r
):-r:, r,::-r':,r ,
(, jr!'r},)
: - ; " . . - - : - - \ jx i - ;F ; { - : ; ;aN: ;0r ro^ , , . . ' : .c '
h t r , i ns l l r e .n ! c 0SX50 .5--friiiiliF!? ii:IiEEEr rc \n of, r o 'ompor- s
s= kQ- Lx(r.o) (9,ri)
riich cdbe Earangedlo gi\€ dre ndEge funcliorforlJLllingun rruoJ:
s = k tx I + (1-x) Ql , . - . . . - . . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . - . (9.16)
and reFre$n1s a lirzr dodel fo! touring norv it 5tdsTLe r aluc ol x d.Feids on rbe sb:pe ol iie Dodclec Fede' sora:-:' :le ral:: 'fx Er::s
-o - , o t o . ' " . , . " ; . 16nqs lo .aee to { j i f o ra fu l l \ ! dse Nhenx=0 r l e t i s DD i?dsa a rd
\ .1ce i :ob2 .kn . l e r .dsL lhec^e io iahe l -poo l r . s . r l o i r I r l l t +=Eq i9 l s ) : s ! r i a
line.r reseFoir rddcl, S= k Q. In natuEl 51€ans. X \l.Ntei0nic:3 \inha!F) r4i!c
. . ' o ' r ' . , . \ , . a l r \ " 4 # , " r ̂ " " - ' , , i : i : : : i : r . . : - iI
I
EEe of no$. Il_. \alues of n.rages arln c j sd jj+l .r- b: \rillcn. i.p:dntly. 6:
. r - k [ \ 1 r ] t - \ r Q . l
= i . L_. r , r r - I ) Qi , j . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t ls)
r . : i ' : : e c \ : r l i i n c j , ! e ^ 3 1 l 1 : : :
I.aI
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fl. f:d
' tPtur.A.5 are avt; t tbl< +,,1+- A. le.*:^.) :"^ - l K
f, l / ,v: ! ,43 a s;6at la6e-! ! J{t€l- in l+i ." -F t<aiJ X ir
su..ets;v. v2taes -F I t \ . nu^etal" (ecpr<*"h {J 5+" 'ar '
n. te-e, l ) a"J l |e Jenai; 'a+" ( tePtate^l :n aei l [ t ' ! -Ftaa t4d'^<' t)
a, e c, - r,.1 k J ft . a. ? G " ) ", i.,,..:,* --r" r'." :;' ".:-t, : :": ; ;.;: "1" :':
-
2t tuntdJ v .P)" ' ) P) / 'ne l t lL v) t4" ' r
t l " "" '^ ' ' ' t 'S nad'Q1- ' '^) )" ' - :"+- ' * ' 'A Ptatka/ u!42t4
f/.Ja.;,t c.t '. ' ,, n. F,.^ "t L"t' Th' ", '*':t - 'L".', -", '-r,' , , "
, " , i ' U " t t ' a I 2 e P ' t " e ' l + ' a 5 ; 4 e L n e t t ' ' c e t ' t e a a t
",,""',,,,., "', ", *.", ", {: ; : : ' r,: !,!;. ' :: ' ; F =' :: ' : ' ' : :: "-' : :,
d " ' ^ t h . v ' t a ' a L r r F -
V , Z i R i . " , . ! _ . ) , " . . . . . _ , . .
4 F - l l " - ! ' u t : . t e l t ) | 6 4 ( 5 2 s ) .
1 1 "
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To:LA.PSubiect :4n Orer For Rehabi l i ra t ioh Of fhe Cened106 Si re
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A. Renovingall tb€ frees ind!dingtbepaln treesB. Clern ing,nd ler r t ing rhe " ho le s i leC. Laying (20-25)cm subbaseNith teveling and conpa.tionT[ecostforthi.item 552002.!j!e a{&e!!!!tA.Removingall plants and cleaningin€ !rcaB.Filling the low areas i.duding tho chaDnels sith srbbaseC.Removingall the pipcs and rhe h'o rad'aioN and Ph.e thehin the build'ng ofihe old g€ner.tor .The costlorthis item $920
3l!g-e3l3Ie!-$&A. Fillirgall the cotrcreG chantrehand Io{ areasw'th subbaseB. Btrilding2m high 60m loDgsall on theexisting sl.brvith t{oopenings in the front l,5n $ idcTbislrallwill be phsaered with nortlrcemento. both sidesTbecosi for this it€n 542004. !!$!.9udq-s!!e scsiq
(P:irt onc)Tbe following items should be m2del. The main rard
The costforthis item 52805. g]c4!iqe!.e-qs-b.!iEDc!Cleaning the hYo buildings {rcmThecostfor this ileh St60Tbesum ofthe abore itens is
A. h€moling rll the nud fron the sho derB, Placi.g 20cm strbb.sc for an !r@ oI3n by30m I
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s10760s1614
thcrehabilitation 51237.1meet yourrequiremerts for ih€ gen€rator site Ior
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Th. dtrgc D noElc !r' r so b.e\prciad Ltng Eq (v ruJ
Sj , , -sr=, !1( I j+r j r l , - At (Qi+Qj . l |7 . . . . . . . - . . . - 191c)
comttutug (9.19):nd (9 20) and sinlpljiirs gnes:
^ ^ p : :a , - . , r j , + ( : r , c , t . -
. rll.h ! rl,e niuri'g.qLerion for Lhe V!s\i ):d ltrhcJ {heEl
. . - . . . . . - - . ( 9 1 2 )
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- .(e.r.)
c ' + c : + c r = 1
ii.:s;t1ed irdoNand ouitov hldr.lnr:r.t a\:iiable ioi a rn'rr+ch r!\::!'clk' " e ' - o . . \ r d . . d ! 2 r e t l t i ^ A ' a r c '
r:= 0.5 !t uj-1+ I,l (q' +o)l/x (Ij , ' Ij) +G_ r) (q-1+ Qil " : (e i')
'-ffi"The i.llo$ hrdroqr:Dh toail.r t6c[ jsgilhin.o]D's 1rdl'fT:ble(9.1) Ddemi;e 1h; o;indv htcrosraph lroD lhis Fa'h ilk = 21 h r'' _. 0 15')d 11 = t h. fte i.,iii!i onrnoN is Sr n A
2(
: = l r r r \ l c r i l ) / F l l 1 l - 0 1 5 t ! 2 0 r r ' q l = 0 : q l ],(r
alrr.rli::rit.Irf.:LIcal|ecc.ll.i.nisC,. cr ard cr is 'qnal io I
c, 'c : + cr =0.05:11+0. l l l i+0 i92t :100c0F..ir..r:1rir,. iitnr.:h. olriov is d.1e-ii..d uiin3 r3ltr:s aor li anl l)' " o a 8 : d o d ' - r \ ' I
q \Q, i=C i I i , i + C r l + C : I
=c 06j l0 l7) : 0 . r r11(9r)+ 0 j9 l t (s j )
r c;= t \ -2 krt / P k 0-x) +f l
c : = t \ + 2 k i J / l l k ( r x ) + I l
q = r r o - \ ) - 1 r J / t 2 k o x l + : : l
- 34q2 l t t l ) + te21
- < 2 ' 4 : t 1 4 L '' t t 4 d ' 4
(2 . )0 0 .15)(2 l ) ( l - r ] . l j ) rE.r(0 rj)
. i ) (0 .1 i )2
q2\,
E{o3l / p)
aq t = ( . . 6 3 t ( z ' 8 ) +
K e A a a ' ) t( e , W e J j e - - - ) t 2
( ( , s d , - - ) r . -
$ A e l - - - - 2 ; ; !
la.a-e+& -<'r)'/"14
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i h $ " s . r . r r k i i c " . i - b " r r r i a r N s i c d d b r ' 3 t r : t r t
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i\.d in si.ia ;Li d[n.s li.n,ar-Edu( drr;se d6ed by lood.
Phvsical ChaIacteristics of Reserr'oirs :i sio-"c-_+*i,r_, Ir is daemitd fr. trosrPnicDtr! Fird an ̂rea'Elel 'ri'r crl e
F igue (10 , i )be ld f .T lF i xeg ra lo f E f rea !1 . ! s1 i ! ! . L re i j r c ' 1e1a i j 'D : i I age
; ) , 2 ' NorBa l too t leYe l : @duins a;jndv oDeErinq condnions. rtk h "su4&grsl!r.!=Er4l!!-9ID! !
(n !' 2)
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r;;{'i';,: riri;.'4";;;'";a'rhich rhe rool h lob. 'irnG rirdai
9 o J t 5 - D . r d , o t u e ! : | . - ' e \ a r . L . o h j o v n r u p r r ' -
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( h : rp ler L le !enprobabilit,, Jn Ilydrologv
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01,12)
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rU'nsrc ; t "o fTroFL l l l J , r : ' o r 'e n l t rud 'o ' l t I0_ ' rd l00Jed
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q ! =mtilog l l1O0:2190 Drr,rsqror=a i i i l og 11789 = i010 $ s
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