AGREEIJRNZI Bk:TTrEEN .AUSTRALIA AMD IYEVf Z EAIS,ND

HIS ~IAJESTY'S GOVERNI.!ENT IN THE COM~ONV!~LTH OF AUSTRALIA

and HIS MAJSSTYtS GOVERNEfiENT I N THE DOXlINIOW O F EJhT ZEALAND

(he re ina f t e r r e fe r red t o as "the two ~ o v e r n m e n t s ~ ) represented

as follows:-

THE GOVI3RN/IENT OF THEl COH5MONV/EA%TH OF AUSTRALIA by - The Right Honourable John Curtin, Prime Minister of

P-ustralia and Minister f o r Defence,

The Bonourable Praneis Michael Forde, Minister f o r

the Army,

The Honourable Joseph Benedict Chifley, treasure^ and

Minister f o r Pos t-Var Reconstruction , The iiight ZIonourable IIerbert Vere Evat t , X . C . , LL.D.

At torney-General and Minister f o r Xx-~ernal Af fa i r s ,

The Honourable John Albert Beasley, Xfinister f o r

Supply and Shipping,

The Honourable Norman John Oswald hTakin, Minister

f o r the Navy and 14inister f o r 1fiuni%ions,

The Honourable Arthur Samuel Drakeford, Minister f o r

A i r and Minister f o r C iv i l P-viation,

The Honourable John Johnstone Dedman, L!inis%er f o r

\Tar Organisation of Industry,

The Honourable Edward John ward, hlinister f o r Transport

and Minister fop External T e r r i t o r i e s s aria

The Honourable Thomas George de Largie ~ ' ~ l t o n ,

High Commissioner f o r i n New Zealand,

and.

THE GOVERl'Qf13TTT OF TRY I)OILfINTON 05' NEW ZEP-XJA$!~ by'

The Right fjonourable Pe ter Fraser , I'rime hIinisLer of

New Zealand, fhinister of External A f f a i r s and

Minister of Island T e r r i t o r i e s ,

The fIonotxrable &'rederiek Jones, Minister of Def erlce

and iVinister i n Charge of C i v i l Aviation,

The Honourable Pa t r ick Charles Webb, Postmaster-Genepal

and Tiiinis t e r of Labour, and

Car1 August Berendsen, Esq., C.13.G4, High Commissioner

f o r New Zealand i n P-ustralia:

HAVING met i n Conference a t Canberra from the 4 7 t h t o the

21st January, 1944, AND DESIRING to maintain and strengthen

the close and co rd ia l r e l a t i o n s between the two Governments

DO HE9EBY TNT92 i n t o t h i s Agreement.

DEFINITION OF ORJXCTTVES OF P-USTRliLIAN-NEW ZEiILAND CO@f71tRATlOl\i

4 . The two Governments agree t h a t , a s a preliminary,

provision s h a l l be made f o r f u l l e r exchange of i&ormallon

regarding both the views of each Government and the f a c t s

i n the possession of e i t h e r bearing on matters of common

i n t e r e s t

2. The two Governments give mutual assurances t h a t , on

matters which appear t o be of common concerns each Govern-

ment w i l l , so f a r a s possible , be made acquainted w i t h the

mind of the other before views a r e expressed elsewhere by

e i t h e r

3. In Furtherance of the above provisions with respec t t o

exchange of views and information, the two Governments agree

t h a t there s h a l l be the maximum degree of uni ty i n the

presenta t ion , elsewhere, of the views of the two count r ies*

4. The two Governments agree to adopt an expeditious and

continuous means of consul tat ion by which each party w i l l

obtain d i r e c t l y the opinions of the other.

5. The two Governments agree t o a c t together i n matters

of common concern i n the South West and South Pac i f i c a reas -

. So f a r as compatible w i t h the existence of separate mi l i t a ry commands, the two Governments agree t o co-ordinate

t h e i r e f f o r t s f o r the purpose of prosecuting the war t o a

successful conclusion-

ARM1 STICE bJ

t o the

trengt'aen

v ernments

COOi31SRt?TIf)N

a ry , o~rnat ion

e f a c t s

common

a t 3 on

Govern-

with the;

here by

espec t t o

ients agree

I the

:onntr ies

,l ous and

ty w i l l

mat ters

.f i6: are858

:parate

9-ordinate

Far .to a

2 agree

a t t he highest l e v e l on a l l a rmis t ice planning and

executive bodias,

80 The two Governments a r e i n agreement t h a t t h e f i n a l

peace set t lement should be made in respect of a l l our

enemies a f t e r h o s t i l i t i e s with a l l of them a r e

concluded.

9. Subjeot t o the l a s t two preceding clatases, the two

Governments w i l l seek agreement with each other on the

t e r n s of any a rmis t ice t o be concluded.

10, The two Governments dec la re t h a t they shouLa

a c t i v e l y p a r t i c i p a t e i n any Armistice Comies i sn t o be

9iet up*

P%* H i s Majesty" Government i n the Commonwealth of

Aus t r a l i a s h a l l s e t up i n A u s t r a l i a , and H i s T.dajestyPs

Government i n the Dominion of New Zealand s h a l l s e t up

in New Zealand, Armistice and Post H o s t i % i t i e s Planning

Committees, and s h a l l arrange fop the work of those

Committees t o be co-ordinated in order t o give e f f e c t

t o the views of the respect ive governrnenta.

12. The two G ~ v e ~ n m e n t s w i l l co l labora te genera l ly w i t h

regard to the l oca t ion of machinery s e t up under in te r -

na t iona l o rganisa t ions , such a s the United Nations

Relief and Rehab i l i t a t ion Administration, and, in

p a r t i c u l a r , with regard t o t h e loca t ion of the Far

Eastern C o m ~ i t t e e of t ha t administration.

BCITRI1%J AND Dli:FENCE

13. The two Governments agree t h a t , within t he frame-

work of a general system of world s ecu r i t y , a regional

zone of defence comprising the South West and South

P a c i f i c a r e a s s h a l l be establislzed and t h a t t h i s zone

should be based on Aus t ra l ia and New Zealand, s t r e t c h i n g

through the a r c ~f i s l ands North and North Eas t of'

Aus t r a l i a , t o lfllestern Samoa and the Cook I s l ands ,

14. The two Governments regard i t a s a mat ter of

ca rd ina l importance tha t they should both be assoc ia ted ,

not only in the membership, but a l so i n the planning and

r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e !doseow Declara t ion of October, 1943,

which organ isa t ion is based on t h e p r inc ip l e of t he

sovereign aqua%i'ty of a l l peaoa-loving S t a t e s and open

t o membership by a l l such S t a t e s , l a r g e o r smal l , f o r

t h e maintenance of i n t e r n a t i o n a l peace and s ecu r i t y ,

15, Pending t h e re-establishment of law and o rde r and.

t h e inauffcaration of a system of general s e c u r i t y , the

two Goverments hereby dec la re t h e i r v i t a l i n t e r e s t i n

t h e ac t i on on behalf of %he community of Nations con-

templated i n Article V of t h e Moscow Declasatiopd of

October, 1943. For t h a t purpose i t i s agreed t h a t 1%

would be proper f o r Aus t r a l i a and New Zealand t o assume

f u l l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r p o l i c i n g or shar ing i n p o l i c i n g

%uch a r ea s i n t he South Fee t aria South P a c i f i c a s may

f ram time to L h e be agreed upon,

16, The two Governments accept a s a recognised p r i n c i p l e

of i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r a c t i c e t h a t t h e cons t ruc t ion and u s e ,

i n Lime of war, by any Power, of nava l , m i l i t a r y o r a i r

i n s t a l l a t i o n s , i n any t e r r i t o r y under t he sovereignty or

c o n t r o l of another Power, does n o t , i n i t s e l f , a f f o r d any

b a s i s f o r t e r r i t o r i a l s l a b s o s r i g h t s of sovereignty o r

con$rol a f t e r t h e conclusion of h o s t i l i t i e s .

C IVIL AVIAT ION

17, The two Gsvesments agree t h a t t he r egu l a t i on of a l l

a i r t r anspo r t se rv ioes should be sub Sect t o t he terms of

a convention which w i l l supersede the Convention r e l a t i n g

t o the Regulation of A e r i a l Navigation,

18, The two Governments dec la re t h a t t h e a i r s e r v i c e s

us ing the i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r t r unk rou tes should be

operated by an I n t e r n a t i o n a l A i r Transport Authority'.

99. The two Governments support t h e principles t h a t - ( a ) P u l l con t ro l of the I n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r t m n k

rou tes and t he ovnership of a l l a i r c r a f t and

a n c i l l a r y equipment sllould be ves ted in t h e

Sn te rna t iona l A%r Transport Rut h o r i t y ; and

(b) t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r t runk rou t e s should

themselves be speeif'ied i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l

L9439

3

open

Po r

Y *

and

the

% i n

on-

if

.t; i t

S sum€!

. ic ing

may

. inciple

3 6 use , l

,r a i r

smty or

Ford any

~ n t y o r

n of a l l .

erms BP

n?e%at i n g

vices

ie

'i "egT e

h a t - , stl nk

'% and

I the

snEe t

agreement referred to i n the next succeeding

c lcus e . 201 The two Governments agree tha t the c rea t ion of the

In terna t ional A i r Transport Authori ty should be effected

by an in t e rna t iona l agreement.

21 V i t h i n the framework of the system s e t up under any

such in t e rna t iona l agreement the two Governments support - (a) the r i g h t of each country to conduct a l l a i r

t ranspor t services within i t s own na t iona l

ju r i sd ic t ion , including i t s own contiguous

t e r r i t o r i e s , subject only t o agreed i n t e r -

n a t i onal reqiliremen%s regarding sa fe ty , f a c i l i t i e s , landing and t r a n s i t r i g h t s f o r

internatTonal serv ices and exchange of mails;

(b) the r i g h t of Austral ia and New Zealand to

u t i i i s e to the f u l l e s t extent t h e i r pro-

duc t i .ve capacity i n raespec t of a i r c r a f t and

raw mater ials f o r the production of a i r c r a f l;

and

( c ) the ~ f g h t of and New Zealand to use

a f a i r p ~ o p o r t i o n of t h e i r own personnel9

agencies and mater ials i n operating and

maintaining in terna t ional a i r trunk rou tes*

228 I n the event of f a i % u r s to obtain a satisfacLory

in t e rna t iona l agreement to e s t ab l i sh and govern the use

of in t e rna t iona l a i r trunk rou tes , the two Governments

v ~ i l l support a system of a i r t rudc routes controLLed and

operated by Governments of the Br i t i sh Commonwealth of

Nations under Government ownership.

23. The two Governments w i l l a e t jo in t ly i n support of

the above-mentioned pr inc ip les w i t h respect Lo c i v i l

aviat ion, and each w i l l inform the other of i t s exis t ing

i n t e r e s t s and commftments as a bas is of adva~icing the

policy here in agreed upon.

DEPENDEPCPES AND TERRITOREES

24. Po%lowing the procedure adopted a t the Conference

which has jus t concluded, the two Governments w i l l

r egular ly exchange information and views I n regard to

a l l developments i n or a f f ec t ing the is lands of the

I'acif i c .

25* The two Governments take note of the i n t e n t i on o f

the t r a l i a n Qovernnient to resume administration a t

the e a r l i e s t possible moment of those pa r t s sf i t s

t e r r i t o r i e s which have not ye t been re-occupied.

26. The two Governments declare tha t the inter im

administration and ul t imate d i sposal of sneiny t e r r i t o ~ i e s

i n the Pac i f ic i s of' v i % a l importance Ls J.us%ralia and

New Zealand and tha t any such disposal should be effected

only w i t h t h e i r agreement and a s p a r t 0% a general

P a c i f i c set t lement

27- The two Governments declare tha t -nb change i n the

sovereignty o r system of control of any of the isLanc1s

of the T'acifio should be eff ected except as a r e s u l t of

an agreement to r~hich they are p a r t i e s o r i n the terrns l

of w h i c h they have both concurred l

WEF,FA.RE P.l~m P.DVP.NCEl~F;SNT Ok' NB-TIVE I'EQPLES OP THE PACIP I C

28. The two Governments declare t h a t , i n applying t h e

p r inc ip le s of the At lan t ic Charter to the P a c i f i c , the

doctr ine of " t rus teechip" (already appl icable i n the

case of the mandated t e r r i t o r i e s of which the two

Governments are mandatory powers) is applicable i n

broad pr inc ip le to a l l colonial t e r r i t o r i e s i n the

Pac i f i c and elsewhere, and that the main purpose of t h e

t r u s t i s the welfare 0% the nat ive peoples and t h e i r

s o c i a l , economic and p o l i t i c a l development.

29. The two Governnents agree tha t the fu ture of the

various t e r r i t o r i e s of the Pac i f ic and the welfare o f

t h e i r inhabi tants cannot be successfully promoted without

a grea ter measure of col laborat ion between the numerous

au thor i t i e s concepned i n theila con t ro l , and that such

le

ton 0%

n

r i t o r i e s

a and

e f fec ted

E

in t h e

].and s

terms 1 l

A C I F I C

ng t he C

t h e i 1

t he

~ e i r

)f t he

?e of

1 without

Jmerous

s u c h

co l l abo ra t ion i s p a r t i c u l a r l y d e s i r a b l e i n regard t o

h e a l t h s e rv i ce s and. com~~unica t ions , ma t t e r s o f na t i ve

educat ion, an thropolog ica l i nves t i ga t i on , a s s i s t a n c e i n

na t ive production and ma te r i a l development general ly .

30, The two Governments ag ree t o promote the e s t a b l i s h -

ment, a t the e a r l i e s t pos s ib l e da t e , of a reg iona l

o rgan isa t ion with advisory powers, which could be

c a l l e d t he South Seas Regional Csmmissfon, and on which,

i n add i t ion t o r ep re sen t a t i ve s of Aus t r a l i a and N e w

Zealand, t he r e might be acc red i t ed represen t a t i v e s of the I Governments of t h e Uni ted Kingdom and the Uni ted S t a t e s

of America, and of t he French Comnlittee of Nat ional

L ibera t i a a .

31, The %WO Governments agree t h a t i t s h a l l be the

func t i on of such South Seas Regional Commission a s may

be e s t a b l i s h e d t o secure a comn~on po l i cy on s o c i a l ,

economic and p o l i t i c a l development directed. towards the

advancement and well-being of t h e na t ive peoples them-

s e l v e s , and t h a t i n p a r t i c u l a r the Commission s h a l l - ( a ) recommend arrangements f o r t h e par"ccipat ion

of n a t i v e s i n admin is t ra t ion i n i nc r ea s ing

measure with a view t o promoting the u l t ima te

a t ta inment of self-government in the f orm most

s u i t e d to t h e circumstanaes of the n a t i v e

peoples concerned;

( b ) recommend arrangements f o r xnaterial development

Including production, f inance , c o m n i c a t i o ~ . n s

and marketing;

( c ) recomnend arrangements f o r co-ordination OS

hea l t h and medical s e rv i ce s and educat ion;

(d.) recornlend arrangementis f o r maintenance and

improvement of s tandards o f na t ive welfare i n

regard t o labour condi t ions and s o c i a l se rv ices ;

( e) recommend arrangements f o r co l labora t ion i n

economic, s o o i a l , medical a n d anthropological

research; and

( S ) make and pub l i sh p e r i o d i c a l reviews of progress

towards t he developnlent of self-governing in- l

s t i t u t i o n s i n the i s l a n d s of the P a c i f i c and i n

the improvement of s t andards of l i v i n g , con- i l l

d i t i o n s of work, educat ion, hea l t h and gencraa , L

welfare , I ,

1dIGRAT I O N i l

32. I n t he peace se t t l ement o r o the r nego t i a t i ons t he i

two Governments w i l l accord on5 another f u l l support i n I t

mainta ining t h e accepted p r i n c i p l e t h a t every government I I has t h e r i g h t t o c o n t r o l inlmigration aad emigration i n i regard t o a l l t e r r i t o r i e s w i th in its ju r i sd i c t i on .

33. The two Governments w i l l co%laborate , exchange f u l l information and render f u l l a s s i s t ance t o one another i n

a l l ma t t e r s concerning migrat ion t o t h e i r r e spec t i ve

t e r r i t o r i e s .

INTEmATIONAL CONFERENCE E?.BajlT3CNG TO THIG SOUTH P@ST AND SOUTH PACIFIC

34. The two Governments agree t h a t , a s soon a s practicable,

t h e r e whsuld be a f r a n k exchange o f views on the p r o b l e m

of s e c u r i t y , post-war development and na t i ve welfare

between p rope r ly a cc r ed i t ed r ep re sen t a t i ve s OS t h e govern-

ments with e x i s t i n g t e r r i t o r i a l i n t e r e s t s i n the South

West P a c i f i c a r ea o r i n the South P a c i f i c a r e a , o r i n

b a t h , namely, i n add i t i on t o t h e two Governments, H i s i E

fSia$estyl s Government i n t he Uni ted Kingdom, t he 1 E

Government of t he United S t a t e s of Anlerica, the Govern- 1 ment of the Nether lands , t he F ~ e n c h Corraniteee of Na t iona l l Libe ra t i on and the Government of Po r tuga l , and H i s

Ma jes ty ' s Government i n the Commonwealth of Aus t r a l i a

should t ake the necessary s t e p s t o c a l l a conference o f

t h e governments concerned. 1

PERMANEMT blACfIIMERY FOR COLLABORAT I O R AND COOPERAT BET::irE.@N AUSTRALIA AMD NEYC ZEALAND

35. The two Governnlents agree t h a t - ( a j t h e i r co-operation Sor defence shou ld bs

developed by:

progress

ing in-

i c and i n

c ~ n -

gene raa

n s the

por t in

ve rnme n t

ion i n

n c

nge f u l l

o ther i n

t ive

IC

prac t i cab le ,

problems

f a r e

,he govern-

! South

o r i n

r , H i s

Govern-

" N a t i o n a l

[ i s

; r a l i a

Fence of

AND GQOPERA'I

( i ) continuous consul ta t ion i n a l l defence

mat ters of mutual i n t e r e s t ;

(ii) the organisa t ion , equipment, t r a i n i n g

and exerc i s ing of the armed fo rces

under a common doc t r ine ;

(iii) jo in t planning;

( i v ) interchange of s t a f f ; and

(v) the co-ordination o f pol icy f o r the

production of munitions , a i r c r a f t and supply items, 2nd f o r shipping, t o

ensure the g r e a t e s t possible degree of

mutual a id cons is ten t w i t h the mainten-

ance of the pol icy of sel f -suff i c f ency

i n l o c a l production;

(b) col labora t ion i n ex te rna l po l icy on a l l mat le rs

a f f ec t ing the peace, welfare and good government

of the P a c i f i c should be secured through the

exchange of information and Frequent m i n i s t e r i a l

consul ta t ion;

( c ) the development of commerce between Aus"cal.ia and

New Zealand and t h e i r industr ia l . development

should be pursued by consul ta t ion and, i n agreed

cases , hg j o i n t planning;

( d j there should be co-operation i n achieving full

employment i n l ~ u s t r a l i n and N e w Zealand and the

highest s tandards of s o c i a l s e c u r i t y both within

t h e i r borders and throughout the i s l a n d s of the

P a c i f i c and o ther t e r r i t o r i e s f o r which they

may jo in t ly or severa l ly be v~ho99y or p a r t l y

responsible; and

(e) there s h o u l d be co-operation i n encouraging

missionary vxxak and all other a c t i v i t i e s d i r ec t ed

towards the improvement of the welfare of t h e

na t ive peoples i n the i s lands and t e r r i t o r i e s

of the l lacif i c e

3 6 * The two Governments declare t h e i r de s i r e t o have the

adhererlce t o the o b j e ~ t ~ i v e s s e t out i n the l a s t pnleeeding

clause of any other government having or con t ro l l i ng

t e r r i t o r i e s i n the Pac i f i c .

37. The two Governments agree tha t the methods to be used

f o r carrying out the provisions of clause 35 of' t h i s

Agreement and of other provisions of t h i s Agreement s h a l l

be c o n s u l t ~ t i o n , exchange of information, and , ~vhere appl icable , joint planning* They f u r t h e r agraee tba t

such methods s h a l l include - (a ) corScrencfs of ~ ~ i n i s t e r s of S ta t e t o be I~eld

a l t e r n a t e l y i n Canberra and lT/ellington, i t 1

being the aim of the two Governments tba t

thease conferences be held a t l e a s t twice a

year ;

(b) conferences of departmental off i cers and

technical experts ;

( c ) meetings of s tanding inter1-governmental

committees on such subjects as a r e agreed to

by the two Governments;

( d j the f u l l e s t use of the s t a t u s and funct ions of'

the High Commissioner of the Co~monwealth

of Austral ia i n New Zealand and of the High

Comrnissioner of the Dominion of New Zealand

i n Austral i a ;

(e ) regular exchange of inf ormation;

( f ) exchange of o f f i c e r s ; and

(g) %he development of i n s t i t u t i o n s i n e i t h e r

country serving the common purposes of both.

PYRMIIANFNT SECRETP.RIAT

381 I n order to ensure continuous col laborat ion on the

l i n e s s e t out i n t h i s Agreement and t o f a c i l i t a t e the

carrying out of the dut ies a n d f u n c t i o n s involved,

the two Governments agree tha t a E'ermanent Sec re t a r i a t

s h a l l be es tab.] ished i n Aust ra l ia and i n Petv Zealand*

39. The Sec re t a r i a t s h a l l be known as the Australian-

Wew Zealand Affairs s e c r e t a r i a t and s h a l l cons ts t of a

Sec re t a r i a t of the l i k e name t o be s e t np i n P-llstralia

and a Sec re t a r i a t of the l i k e name to be s e t up i n Fern

Zealancl, each under the contrrol of the ?:inis t r y of

to be used

li B

IC s h a l l

:pe

rat

I

on t h e

%he

9

i ~ i a t

2nd

~lian-

of a

~ a l i a

rr 'Tew

P

Exte rna l n f f a i r s i n t he country concerned.

40. The func t ions of the S e c r e t a r i a t s h a l l be - ( a ) t o take the i n i t i a t i v e i n ensur ing t h a t

e f f e c t i s given t o t h e p rov is ions o f t h i s

A g re emen t ;

( h ) t o make arrangement8 a s the occasion a r i s e s

f o r t h e holding of c o n f e ~ e n c e s or meetings;

( c ) t o ca r ry out the d i r e c t i o n s of those con-

fe rences i n regard t o Xfrther c ensu l t a t i on ,

exchange of information o r the examination

of p a r t i c u l a r ques t ions ;

(d ) t o co-ordinate a11 farms of c o l l a b e r a t i ~ n

between t h e two Governments;

( e ) t o r a i s e f o r jo in t d i scuss ion and ac t i on

such o the r mat ters a s may seem Prom day-

to-day t~ requ i r e a t t e n t i o n by the two

Governments; and

(f) gene ra l l y to provide f o s more f requent and

r egu l a r exchanges o f information and views,

those exchanges between the t?ao Governments

t o take p l ace nornlally through the r e spec t i ve

High Commissioners,

41. H i s Majesty" Government in t he Cormn~nwealth of

Aus t r a l i a and H i s E1a j e s t y ' s Gowernment i n t h e Dominion

of New Zealand each s h a l l nominate an of i ' icer o r

o f f i c e r s Prom the s t a f f of t h e i r respec t ive High Com-

miss ioners to a c t i n c l o s e s t co l l abo ra t i on wi th the

Sec re t a r4 i a t i n which t h e y s4iall be accorded f u l l access

t o a l l r e l evan t sources of information,

42, I n each country t he b i in i s te r of S t a t e f o r E x t e r n a l

A f f a i r s and t he res iden t High Cornmissioner shall . h v e

J o i n t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r the e f f e c t i v e func t ion ing of

t he S e c r e t a r i a t .

I l l RATIFICATION AND TITLE 03' AGREEIdENT 1 43. T h i s agreement i s sub j ec t t o r a t i f i c a t i o n by t h e , i respec t ive Governments a n d s h a l l come i n t e f o r c e as soon

1 EIS both Governments have r n t i f i e d t h e Agreement a n d have l 1 n og i f i ed each o t h e r accordingly. It i s Intended t h a t

such n o t i r i c a t i a n w i l l take p l ~ c e a s s o o n a s p s s i b l e

/ a f t e r the s i gn ing of t h i s Agreement. l 411. This Agreement s h a l l be knwn a s t h e Aus t ra l i an-

' New Zealand Agreement 2.944. i l l

I HlATXD t h i s twenty-f i rs t day of January, One thousand

, n ine hundred and for ty-four . l

SIGNED ON behalf