Ancient Rome PPT -...
Transcript of Ancient Rome PPT -...
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Ancient Rome PPT
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Rome: Study Sheet• Hadrian
• Caligula
• Marc Antony
• Marcus Aurelius
• Pax Romana
• Diocletian
• Constantine I
• Theodosius
• Romulus Augustulus
• Jesus of Nazareth
• Reasons the Roman Empire fell
(collapsed)… hint – R.O.M.E.
Rulers Corrupt
Overtaxed
Military Invasions (barbarians)
Expansion (just too big to maintain)
• Study Ancient Rome Map in your notebook
• Monarchy
• Republic
• Empire
• Latin
• Patricians
• Plebeians
• Senate
• Consuls
• Twelve Tables
• Tribunes
• Province
• Julius Caesar
• Barbarians
• Punic Wars
• Hannibal
• Battle of Phillippi
• Battle of Actium
• Octavian
• Nero
• Trajan
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Rome Review Activity
• Page 182
• Answer Questions # 1 – 22
• Write every answer with a complete
sentences (# 9 – 22).
• Use Standard Blue or Black Ink
• Proper paper heading (MLA)
• Penmanship!!! Should be easy to read.
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Ancient Rome Timeline
• Make a timeline in you notebook of the 10 most
important events in Roman History.
• Starts when City of Rome started (753 BC)
• End when Western Roman Empire falls (476 AD)
• Include 4 illustrations and color them.
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Diem: X.XXV.MMXVII
1) Rome Reading Packet – work w/ partner.
Turn in when finished. Make sure your
drawings in the packet are neat and
colored.
2) Notebook Activity – Ancient Rome
Illustration
- 7 vocabulary terms included
- Labeled
- Use at least 4 colors
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Label the following:
• Rome, Italy, Spain, Gaul, Britain, North
Sea, Carthage, Greece, Alexandria
• Asia Minor, Mediterranean Sea, Egypt,
Black Sea, Constantinople (Byzantium),
Rhine River, Danube River, Nile River,
Red Sea, Alps
• Color the areas that show Roman
power control through the years of
Roman domination (p. 156)
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SPQR is an initialism of a Latin phrase Senātus Populusque
Rōmānus ("The Roman Senate and People“)
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Romulus & Remus
• Twin sons of Mars
(Roman god of war)
• Legendary founders
of Rome in 753 BC
• Romulus killed
Remus & named
Rome after himself
• Romulus was
Rome’s 1st king
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Tiber• River Rome was
founded on
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Tiber River
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“City of Seven Hills”
• Nickname for Rome
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Latin (notes)
• Language of the
Romans
• Italian, French, Spanish,
Portuguese, and
Romanian are languages
that come from Latin
• About ¼ of all English
words have Latin
origins
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Patricians (notes)
• Wealthy people of
Rome
• 10% of the population
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Plebeians (notes)
• Common people of
Rome
• Members of the
lower-class in
Ancient Rome,
including farmers,
merchants, artisans,
and traders
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The Monarchy (notes)• 753 BC – 509 BC
• Period when Rome was
ruled by kings
• Rome had 7 different
kings during the period
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The Roman Republic (notes)
• 509 BC – 27 BC
• Period when Rome was
a republic
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Republic (notes)
• Government without the rule of a king or
queen, and the citizens elect their leaders
or representatives
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Senate (notes)
• 300 member council of patricians, most
powerful part of the government
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Consuls (notes)
• 2 men elected by the senate
• Served 1 year terms
• Ruled Rome along with the Senate
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Roman Republican Government• Senate:
– Governing body of Rome
– 300 senators
– Mainly patricians
– Ruled for life
• Consuls:
– 2 men elected by the Senate
– 1 year terms
– Ruled Rome along w/ Senate
• Tribunes:
– Elected representatives of the plebeians in the People’s
Assembly
– 10 total
• Veto:
– Latin for “I forbid”
– Government officials could veto the actions of each other
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Tribunes (notes)
• Representatives of the plebeians
• 10 tribunes were elected
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Veto (notes)
• Latin for “I forbid”
• Elected
representatives
shouted this when
they disagreed with
proposed laws
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Law of the Twelve Tables (notes)
• Ca. 450 BC
• Written laws of Rome
• Based on reason and
justice
• Protect citizens and
their property
• Put on display in the
Forum for all people to
see
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Aqueducts (notes)• Bridge-like structures that carried water into Rome
• Water brought to public baths, bathrooms, fountains, and private
households
• Use of gravity alone along a slight downward gradient that spanned
hundreds of miles
• 11 aqueducts went into Rome by 200 A.D.
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• The Romans are perhaps the most famous aqueduct builders of
the ancient era.
• Aqua - water
• Ducere - to lead
• Romans constructed 11 major aqueducts.
• First Roman aqueduct - Aqua Appia (312 BC)
• 11th aqueduct - Aqua Alexandrina (226 AD)
• Rome was being watered by 359 miles of aqueducts
• 50 million gallons of water each day.
• Romans also built aqueducts for regions throughout their empire.
Remains of most of these aqueducts still exist, and a few, such as
the one in Segovia, Spain, are still in use.
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Province (notes)
• Captured lands under Roman control
• Means “that which I have conquered”
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End of PPT Notes.
• Go to your Ancient Egypt Prior
knowledge chart. Add at least 5 new
understandings that you learned from that
unit.
• Go to your Ancient Greece Prior
Knowledge chart. Add at least 10 new
understandings.
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C4U
• Plebeians?
• Patricians?
• Senate?
• Consuls?
• Tribunes?
• Law of the Twelve Tables?
• Aqueducts?
• Province?
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Punic Wars
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Carthaginian Empire
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Punic Wars
• 264 BC – 146 BC
• Series of 3 wars Rome fought w/ Carthage of North Africa
• Punici is the Latin word for Phoenician and the Phoenicians were the people who established Carthage
• Rome defeated Carthage, burned the city to the ground, and sold all the people to slavery
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Hannibal• Carthaginian general
• Crossed Alps with elephants and attacked Italy during 2nd Punic War
• Spent 15 years attacking Italy and defeating the Romans
• Had to return to Carthage when the Romans attacked the city
• Defeated in 202 BC at the Battle of Zama
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Hannibal’s Route
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Hannibal Crossing the Alps
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Hannibal
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Publius Cornelius Scipio:
• Roman general
• Defeated Hannibal in 202 BC at Zama in North Africa
• Called “Africanus” which means “conqueror of Africa”
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Julius Caesar (notes)
• 100 BC – 44 BC
• Popular Roman general
• Conquered Gaul & invaded Britain
• Became dictator in 49 BC & made dictator for life in 44 BC
• Reorganized government and lowered taxes
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Dictator
• A political leader holding unlimited power
• Dictators could be chosen to rule Rome
during times of crisis but could only rule for
6 months
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Assassination of Julius Caesar
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Assassination of Julius Caesar (notes)
• Assassinated on Senate floor on March 15, 44 BC by jealous senators
• Caesar’s assassination was the end of the Roman Republic
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Ides of March (March 15) – day on Roman
calendar for religious observances & settling
debts, but most associated with J. Caesar’s death.
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Death of Caesar
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Brutus and Cassius (notes)
• Leaders in the assassination of Julius Caesar
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Octavian (notes)
• Related to Julius
Caesar
• Wanted revenge for
those who killed
Julius Caesar
Cupid (son of Venus) riding a Dolphin.
Octavian and J. Caesar were believed to be
descendants of Venus… and therefore
Divine (Gods).
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Marc Antony (notes)
• One of Caesar’s generals
• Together with Octavian
they will battle Brutus &
Cassius
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Battle of Philippi (notes)• 42 BC, Macedonia (modern Greece)
• Octavian & Marc Antony defeat Caesar’s assassins Brutus &
Cassius
• Octavian & Marc Antony then ruled Rome for 10 years
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Cleopatra (notes)
• Queen of Egypt
• Had affairs w/ Julius
Caesar & Mark Antony
• Marc Antony was married
to Octavian’s sister
• Marc Antony divorced his
wife & married Cleopatra
• Antony & Cleopatra then
planned to take over
Rome
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Antony & Cleopatra
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Battle of Actium (notes)
• 31 BC
• Octavian defeats Antony & Cleopatra
• Egypt becomes a Roman province
• Antony & Cleopatra commit suicide in Alexandria
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Death of Marc Antony
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Octavian Augustus (notes)
• 1st emperor of the Roman Empire
• His rule marks beginning of Pax Romana
• Ruled from 27 BC –14 AD
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Octavian Augustus
• He kept the Senate
intact and was very
respectful of them
• Didn’t want the
Senate to be angry
with him like they
were at Caesar
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The Roman Empire (notes)
• 27 BC – 476 AD
• Period when
Rome was ruled
by Emperors
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Pax Romana (notes)
• Means “Roman Peace”
• Period of peace & prosperity that began in
27 BC & lasted for 200 years
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Empire (notes)
• Group of states or territories controlled by 1 ruler
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Colosseum (notes)
• Opened in 80 AD
• Seats 50,000 people
• Gladiator fights, sea
battles, animal shows,
& executions took
place here
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THE FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATER
aka
THE COLOSSEUM
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End of Notes. Reading Packet time.
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Notebook activity…
• Draw a cartoon of the time in Roman
history from Julius Caesar’s
assassination through Octavian
becoming the first emperor.
– J.C.’s assassination
– Octavian / Marc Antony vs. Brutus /
Cassius
– R.I.P. Brutus and Cassius.
– Octavian vs. Marc Antony / Cleopatra
– M.A. + Cleo kill themselves in Alexandria
– Octavian becomes 1st Roman emperor
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Gladiators (notes)• Men that trained to fight in public to provide entertainment
• The majority of gladiators were slaves, former slaves, or
condemned persons
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10.19.2017
• Notebook / Roman history cartoon
• Roman Empire Map
• Cut it out and tape it in your notebook.
• Rome Reading Packet w/ a partner. Should
get to #41.
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Barbarians (notes)
• Lived outside the Roman Empire
whose language the Romans
didn’t understand
• Wild & dangerous tribes -
always attacking Romans
• Many barbarian tribes were
Germanic Goths, Ostrogoths,
Visigoths, Vandals, Franks,
Lombards, Angles, & Saxons
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Attila the Hun
• Leader of the Huns, a
barbarian tribe from
central Asia
• The Romans called
him the “Scourge of
God” because of his
constant attacks
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Vandals
• Extremely violent &
destructive Germanic
t ribe that destroyed
everything in its path
• The word vandalism
is derived from them
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Roman Roads
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Roman Roads (notes)
• Built throughout the
empire to facilitate
troop movements
• Roman engineering
led roads to survive
through the present
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Roman Roads:
At its peak, Roman roads would measure more
than 50,000 miles. These roads were built to
facilitate movement of armies to all parts of the
empire. When not in battle, Roman soldiers were
often put to work constructing roads.
The roads were cleverly designed to
accommodate heavy loads and, where
necessary, rain. First the soldiers dug a ditch,
then filled it with compacted layers of sand, small
stones, and gravel. On top they placed paving
stones. In wet climate areas, the paving stones
sloped down toward the sides to allow for
drainage.
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Circus Maximus (notes)
• Seats 250,000 people
• Chariot races
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Ben - Hur
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVlf7OiiTJE (ben-hur 1959 no water for him)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DvA7IrNxM8o (ben hur 2016 sea battle)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wrh1HZdZuP0 (ben hur 2016 chariot race)
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Pantheon
• Huge, domed temple honoring the Roman gods
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The Forum
• Public meeting & marketplace surrounded by
government buildings & temples
• All large Roman cities had one
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Caligula (notes)
• Emperor 37-41 AD
• Convinced he was a god
• Made his horse a consul
• Caligula means “little boots”
• Real name was Caius Caesar
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Nero (notes)
• Emperor 54-68 AD
• His rule was called the “reign of terror”
• Extreme paranoia led him to kill many senators & his mother
• Persecuted & killed many Christians b/c he blamed them for a fire that swept through Rome, a fire that he may have started
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Jesus of Nazareth
• Born around 4 bc in Bethlehem
(Roman province of Judea)
• Jewish carpenter - teachings
became the basis for Christianity
• Many believed he was the
“Messiah” & son of God sent to
be their leader
• Crucified in 30 AD by the
Romans who feared he would
lead a revolt.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=oSMA5UU8eI4 (Passion of the
Christ, 2004, trailer)
Michelangelo's Pieta – depict Mary cradling Jesus.
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Pontius Pilate
• Roman governor of Judea who ordered
Jesus to be crucified.
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The Christian Martyrs’ Last Prayer 1883
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Chi Ro
• Pronounced “KI
ROW”
• 1st 2 Greek letters of
the word Christ
• Early Christians used
this symbol when they
were being
persecuted
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Trajan (notes)
• Emperor 98-117 AD
• Called “Optimus
Princeps” (Best Ruler)
• The Roman Empire
made its largest
territorial gains during
his rule
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Hadrian (notes)
• Emperor 117-138 AD
• Built defensive walls
along the borders of
the Roman Empire
• “Hadrian’s Wall” is
located across
northern Britain
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Hadrian’s Wall
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Hadrian’s Wall
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Marcus Aurelius (notes)
• Emperor 161-180 AD
• Pax Romana ended
with his death
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Diocletian (notes)
• Emperor 284-305 AD
• Split the Roman Empire into 2, Western Roman Empire & Eastern Roman Empire
• Appointed co-emperors & reorganized the provinces in order to mange it easier
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Constantine I (notes)
• Emperor 306-337 AD
• Saw a vision of a flaming
cross & the words “By
this sign, thou shalt
conquer” before going
into battle
• 1st emperor to convert to
Christianity
• Issued the Edict of Milan
which legalized
Christianity in the Roman
Empire
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Theodosius I
• Emperor 379-395 AD
• Declared Christianity
the official religion of
the Roman Empire
• He reunited the
Roman Empire but
after his death it was
permanently split into
two
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Romulus Augustulus (notes)
• Emperor 475-476
• Last emperor of the
Western Roman
Empire
• Overran by Germanic
barbarians
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Fall of Rome (notes)
• The Western Roman
Empire fell to
Germanic barbarians
in 476 AD
• The Eastern Roman
Empire lasted another
1,000 years until 1453
AD and was called
the Byzantine Empire.
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End of Notes
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Why did Roman Empire Fall?
• Causes of the Fall of Rome
– Corruption
– Economic and social decay
– Military Collapse (Barbarians)
– Political Turmoil
– Bureaucracy
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Latin Phrases: (add in notes)
1. Quid Pro Quo – something for something
2. Modus Operandi – method of operating
3. Post Mortem – after death
4. Consensus - agreement
5. Persona Non Grata – an unwelcome person
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Emperor Matching1) Octavian Augustus a) possibly set fire that burned Rome
2) Caligula b) Rome’s 1st Emperor
3) Nero c) Roman Empire largest during his rule
4) Trajan d) Convinced he was God. Made horse his
5) Hadrian Consul
e) Built Defensive Walls. One in Britain
named after him._______________________________________________________________________________________________________
1) Marcus Aurelius a) Pax Romana ended w/ his death
2) Diocletian b) Split up Roman Empire into West + East
3) Constantine I c) Last Emperor of Western Roman Empire
4) Theodosius d) 1st Christian Emperor, saw Cross in sky
5) Romulus Augustulus e) Declared Christianity Rome’s Religion
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Writing Assignment
• On a separate piece of paper.
• Answer this question.
How did Ancient Rome impact the World?
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FALL OF ROME:
• What sea did the Roman Empire surround?
• Who was one of the largest known rivals of the Romans?
• How long had the Roman Empire reigned as an important power?
What were the Roman roads built for?
• Rome was not perfect. List some of the problems with Rome.
• What was one factor that contributed to the dark fall of Rome?
• Under Christianity, were the Romans polytheistic or monotheistic?
• Who was the man who became emperor after a great civil war?
• What was one thing that Constantine did?
• After Rome was split, what religions did Western Rome and Eastern
Rome practice?
• Led by Alaric, which group of people came in and sacked the capital
in Rome?
• Who was the first Barbarian to rule in Rome after it fell?
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Rome: Jeopardy• 2nd Caesar?
• Year of Julius Caesar’s death?
• Emperor that killed Christians?
• Emperor that built protective / defensive
walls throughout the empire?
• Mother of Nero?
• Roman Empire founded in 27 BC when
_______ became the 1st emperor.
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• According to legend, Romulus and Remus
were raised by a ___ - ____ ?
• This river runs along the city of Rome.
• Nickname for Rome: City of _____ _____
• Language of the Romans?
• Wealthy people of Rome, 10% of the
population.
• Members of the lower class in Ancient
Rome.
• Written laws of Rome: Law of the ______
______.
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• Cleopatra may have committed suicide by letting a Egyptian
______ bite her.
• What is the major body of water that lies to the South of Italy
and to the North of Africa?
• 1st Emperor of the Roman Empire. Beginning of Pax
Romana.
• Emperor that built many walls. Most famous in England –
portrayed in The Eagle, Channing Tatum movie
• Emperor that split the Roman Empire in 2 ?
• Capital of the Western Roman Empire?
• Capital of the Easter Roman Empire?
• First barbarian tribe that sacked (invaded and took
over) Rome?
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• Bridge like structures that carried water over long
distances
• What year did Rome Fall?
• Most famous barbarian?
• System in which citizens elect representatives to
make laws
• Where the gladiators fought?
• All _____ lead to _____.
• Leader of Carthage. Attacked Rome by going
through Alps w/ army of Elephants.
• 2 leaders chosen by the senate
• Power of Tribunes to reject laws.