Ancient Rome Chapter 6. All roads lead to Rome!

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Ancient Rome Ancient Rome Chapter 6 Chapter 6

Transcript of Ancient Rome Chapter 6. All roads lead to Rome!

Page 1: Ancient Rome Chapter 6. All roads lead to Rome!

Ancient RomeAncient Rome

Chapter 6Chapter 6

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All roads lead to Rome!All roads lead to Rome!

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The Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire

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Timeline of Ancient RomeTimeline of Ancient Rome

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The Seven Hills of Rome

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The Founding of RomeThe Founding of Rome

Early Legends Early Legends According to legend, According to legend, Romulus Romulus founded Rome founded Rome in 753 B.C. Legend begins after in 753 B.C. Legend begins after AeneasAeneas——Trojan War hero—settles in Italy Trojan War hero—settles in Italy Aeneasʼ descendants—twins Romulus and Aeneasʼ descendants—twins Romulus and RemusRemus—wanted to found city - twins fought over —wanted to found city - twins fought over cityʼs position; Romulus killed Remus - cityʼs position; Romulus killed Remus - Romulus traced Romeʼs boundaries around Romulus traced Romeʼs boundaries around Palatine HillPalatine HillRoman kings ruled city until conquered by Roman kings ruled city until conquered by Etruscans in 600s B.C. Etruscans in 600s B.C. Romans overthrew Etruscans in 509 B.C.Romans overthrew Etruscans in 509 B.C.- formed - formed republicrepublic—government in which —government in which people elect leaderspeople elect leaders

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The EtruscansThe Etruscans

First inhabitants of First inhabitants of Northern Italy c. 750 BCE Northern Italy c. 750 BCE

Conquered Rome around Conquered Rome around 600 BCE600 BCE

Skilled artisans, farmers Skilled artisans, farmers and accomplished tradersand accomplished traders

In Rome, the Etruscans dug In Rome, the Etruscans dug an enormous ditch (Great an enormous ditch (Great Sewer) to create a drained Sewer) to create a drained area named the area named the Forum Forum

contributed to the rise of contributed to the rise of Rome and cultureRome and culture

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Etruscan Influence on RomAN Etruscan Influence on RomAN CultureCulture

artistic stylesartistic styles religious practices and religious practices and

godsgods clothingclothing Blood sportsBlood sports

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Influence on Rome (continued)Influence on Rome (continued)

The AlphabetThe Alphabet The archThe arch Design of houses and templesDesign of houses and temples Water and drainage systemsWater and drainage systems

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Etruscan MonarchyEtruscan Monarchy

First Etruscan King was First Etruscan King was Romulus Romulus Etruscans expanded power and Etruscans expanded power and

took control over Romanstook control over Romans Last Etruscan King was Tarquin the Last Etruscan King was Tarquin the

Proud expelled by a popular Proud expelled by a popular rebellion in 509 BCErebellion in 509 BCE

Romans did not want to be ruled by Romans did not want to be ruled by kings anymorekings anymore

Paved way for Rome to create a Paved way for Rome to create a RepublicRepublic

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The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic

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Government in ActionGovernment in ActionWhat makes a successful What makes a successful

leader?leader? Scenario: You are a member of the Scenario: You are a member of the Senate in ancient Rome. Soon you must Senate in ancient Rome. Soon you must decide to support or oppose a decide to support or oppose a powerful leader who wants to become powerful leader who wants to become ruler. Many consider him a military ruler. Many consider him a military genius for having gained territory genius for having gained territory and wealth for Rome. Others point out and wealth for Rome. Others point out that he disobeyed orders and is both that he disobeyed orders and is both ruthless and devious. You wonder ruthless and devious. You wonder whether his ambition would lead to whether his ambition would lead to greater prosperity and order in the greater prosperity and order in the empire or to injustice and unrest. empire or to injustice and unrest.

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Warm- Up: Discussion Warm- Up: Discussion Questions ???Questions ???

Which is more Which is more important in important in measuring measuring leadership- leadership- results or a results or a person’s person’s integrity??integrity?? What do you value in What do you value in an leader ? an leader ?

Does a leader have Does a leader have to be likable in to be likable in order to succeed??order to succeed??

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The Origins of Rome: The Origins of Rome: Review!Review!

RomeRome’’s Geographys Geography Site of Rome chosen for its Site of Rome chosen for its fertile soil and fertile soil and strategic locationstrategic location

Located on Italian Peninsula in the center of Located on Italian Peninsula in the center of the Mediterranean Sea.the Mediterranean Sea.

Built on seven hills along Built on seven hills along Tiber RiverTiber River The First RomansThe First Romans

LatinsLatins, , GreeksGreeks, and , and EtruscansEtruscans compete for compete for control of the region.control of the region.

Latins found original settlement of Rome Latins found original settlement of Rome between between 10001000 B.C. and B.C. and 500500 B.C. B.C.

Etruscans native to Etruscans native to northernnorthern Italy influence Italy influence Roman civilizationRoman civilization

***What factors of Geography influenced ***What factors of Geography influenced Rome’s Development? ***Rome’s Development? ***

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The Early RepublicThe Early Republic

Early RulersEarly Rulers Around Around 600600 B.C. B.C. EtruscanEtruscan kings begin kings begin to rule Rome.to rule Rome.

Kings build RomeKings build Rome’’s first temples and s first temples and public centerspublic centers

Romans overthrow cruel Etruscan Romans overthrow cruel Etruscan kings in 509 B.C.kings in 509 B.C.

Romans found a Romans found a republicrepublic—a government —a government in which citizens elect leaders ( ‘a in which citizens elect leaders ( ‘a thing of the people’ )thing of the people’ )

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The Early RepublicThe Early Republic

Patricians and PlebeiansPatricians and Plebeians Different groups struggle for Different groups struggle for power in early Roman Republicpower in early Roman Republic

PatriciansPatricians—wealthy landowning —wealthy landowning class that holds most of the powerclass that holds most of the power

PlebeiansPlebeians—artisans, merchants and —artisans, merchants and farmers; can vote, but cannot rulefarmers; can vote, but cannot rule TribunesTribunes—elected representatives who —elected representatives who protect Plebeiansprotect Plebeians’’ rights rights

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The Early RepublicThe Early Republic

Government Under the RepublicGovernment Under the Republic Rome elects two Rome elects two consulsconsuls—one to lead —one to lead the army and one to direct government.the army and one to direct government.

SenateSenate—chosen from Roman upper class; —chosen from Roman upper class; makes foreign and domestic policy.makes foreign and domestic policy.

Democratic assemblies elect tribunes Democratic assemblies elect tribunes and makes laws for common people.and makes laws for common people.

DictatorsDictators are leaders appointed are leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis, usually on briefly in times of crisis, usually on of the consuls of the consuls

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The Roman Senate: The Roman Senate: Cicero Cicero

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The Checks and Balances The Checks and Balances of the Republican form of the Republican form

of Gov’tof Gov’t

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Twelve Tables: Twelve Tables: Roman Code of Law Roman Code of Law

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The Early RepublicThe Early Republic

Twelve TablesTwelve Tables In In 451451 B.C. officials carve B.C. officials carve RomanRoman lawslaws on twelve tablets.on twelve tablets.

Called the Twelve Tables, they become Called the Twelve Tables, they become the basis for later Roman law.the basis for later Roman law.

Laws confirm the right of all Laws confirm the right of all freefree citizenscitizens to the protection of the law. to the protection of the law.

Citizenship is limited to Citizenship is limited to adult male adult male landownerslandowners..

The Twelve Tables are hung in the The Twelve Tables are hung in the ForumForum

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Silly Laws? Comparative Silly Laws? Comparative LawsLaws

Any examples of laws that you Any examples of laws that you can think of that could be can think of that could be considered awkward ?considered awkward ? Either in history or current? Either in history or current?

Let us take a look at some laws Let us take a look at some laws found in the Twelve Tables found in the Twelve Tables together. . . together. . .

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/12tables.asp

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The Early RepublicThe Early Republic

The Roman ArmyThe Roman Army Roman legion—Roman legion—military unit of military unit of 5,000 infantry, 5,000 infantry, supported by supported by cavalry.cavalry.

Army is powerful Army is powerful and a key factor and a key factor in Romein Rome’’s rise to s rise to greatness.greatness.

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Rome Spreads Its PowerRome Spreads Its Power

Rome Conquers ItalyRome Conquers Italy The Romans defeat the Etruscans in The Romans defeat the Etruscans in the north and the Greek city-the north and the Greek city-states in the south.states in the south.

By 265 B.C., Rome controls the By 265 B.C., Rome controls the entire Italian peninsula.entire Italian peninsula.

Rome treats the conquered peoples Rome treats the conquered peoples justly. This enables Rome to grow.justly. This enables Rome to grow.

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Rome Spreads Its PowerRome Spreads Its Power

RomeRome’’s Commercial Networks Commercial Network Rome establishes a large trading Rome establishes a large trading network.network.

Access to the Mediterranean Sea Access to the Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes.provides many trade routes.

Carthage, a powerful city-state in Carthage, a powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome.North Africa, soon rivals Rome.

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Rome Spreads Its PowerRome Spreads Its Power War with CarthageWar with Carthage

Rome and Carthage begin the Punic Wars—Rome and Carthage begin the Punic Wars—three wars between 264 through 146 B.C.three wars between 264 through 146 B.C.

Rome defeats Carthage and wins Sicily in Rome defeats Carthage and wins Sicily in the first 23-year war.the first 23-year war.

Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, avenges Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, avenges this defeat in the Second Punic War.this defeat in the Second Punic War.

He attacks Italy through Spain and France, but He attacks Italy through Spain and France, but doesndoesn’’t take Rome.t take Rome.

Rome TriumphsRome Triumphs Roman general Roman general ScipioScipio defeats Hannibal in defeats Hannibal in 202 B.C.202 B.C.

Rome destroys Carthage and enslaves its Rome destroys Carthage and enslaves its people in the Third Punic War from 149-146 people in the Third Punic War from 149-146 B.C.B.C.

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Hannibal crossing the Alps in the Second Punic War

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Attempts at Reform & Attempts at Reform & StabilityStabilitySection 2Section 2

The widening gap between the rich and poor The widening gap between the rich and poor was starting to become a constant issue was starting to become a constant issue Due to new wealth from the expanding Roman Due to new wealth from the expanding Roman Empire ( page 135) Empire ( page 135)

Farmers went into debtFarmers went into debt The Gracchus brothers were slain in the The Gracchus brothers were slain in the streetsstreets Distribute land to poor farmers (Page 135)Distribute land to poor farmers (Page 135) Republic unable to resolve issues peacefully Republic unable to resolve issues peacefully

Result: A century of civil warResult: A century of civil war Turmoil: slaves & allies Turmoil: slaves & allies

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Julius CaesarJulius CaesarAll hail Caesar! All hail Rome! All hail Caesar! All hail Rome!

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Early life:FYIEarly life:FYI Born a patrician familyBorn a patrician family in 100 B.C.in 100 B.C. As a child, he would claim he was a As a child, he would claim he was a descendent of the goddess Venusdescendent of the goddess Venus

CaesarCaesar’’s father suddenly died and at age 16, s father suddenly died and at age 16, Caesar became the head of the householdCaesar became the head of the household

As a young man, Caesar was nominated for many As a young man, Caesar was nominated for many important positions such as the important positions such as the Flamen Dialis Flamen Dialis

(High Priest of Jupiter)(High Priest of Jupiter)

He later joined the army, where he served He later joined the army, where he served with distinction.with distinction.

He was later elected as military tribune and He was later elected as military tribune and served in Hispania (modern day Spain).served in Hispania (modern day Spain).

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Rise to powerRise to power While in Hispania, Caesar (age While in Hispania, Caesar (age 30) came across a statue of 30) came across a statue of Alexander the Great and wept, Alexander the Great and wept, for Alexander had conquered for Alexander had conquered most of the known world by the most of the known world by the same age and Caesar had same age and Caesar had accomplished so little.accomplished so little.

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