ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- “THE LAND BETWEEN TWO RIVERS ” Energy 6 th Grade Social Studies Mr....
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ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- “THE LAND BETWEEN TWO RIVERS”Energy 6th Grade
Social StudiesMr. Spooner
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ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- DEFINITIONS
• CITY STATES- self-governing unit made up of a city and its surrounding villages and farmland.
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ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA-GEOGRAPHY
• LOCATED BETWEEN THE TIGRIS-EUPHRATES RIVERS
• BOTH RIVERS FLOW INTO THE PERSIAN GULF• LOCATED IN PRESENT DAY IRAQ
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Fertile Crescent
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Mesopotamia
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ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- GEOGRAPHY
• POSITIVE • abundant amount of
clay• easy till-able soil• water supply from
Tigris-Euphrates Rivers
• NEGATIVE• few natural resources• minimal protection
from deserts and mountains
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City-States
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ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
• BELIEVED TO BE SETTLED CA. 3000 B.C.• DIVIDED INTO CITY-STATES• HELPED TO DEVELOP THE FIRST FORM OF
ORGANIZED RELIGION• CREATED ONE OF THE EARLIEST FORM OF
WRITING
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ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN CITY-STATES
• ALWAYS IN CONSTANT CONFLICT OVER WATER RIGHTS AND LAND
• CREATED WALLS FOR PROTECTION, WITH MOATS ALONG THE OUTSIDE
• FARMS WERE LOCATED ALONG THE OUTSIDE OF THE CITY
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Sumerians invented:
• Wheel• Time – 60 minutes in an hour, 60 seconds in
a minute• 12 month lunar calendar• arch• ramp
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Religion
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ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN RELIGION
• Ziggurats: pyramid site of the temple of the main gods.– Each city-state had their own
gods and goddesses– Sun god – most important.
• Life after death was an extension of life.
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Ziggurat – Holy Mountain
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Ziggurat
• Large pyramid shaped structures• Connected to heaven and earth• Ziggurat: “center for learning and religion”
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How to Build a Ziggurat
How to Build a Ziggurat
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Sumerian Religion
• Monotheism: worshiping one god.– “Mono” – means one
• Polytheism: worshiping many gods.– “Poly” – means many
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Writing:Cuneiform
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ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN WRITING
• CALLED CUNEIFORM (LATIN FOR WEDGE)
• WRITTEN ON CLAY TABLETS• NEEDED FOR RELIGION,
GOVERNMENT, AND TRADE• LEARNED IN SCHOOL, BY
MALES THAT LASTED FROM SUNRISE TO SUNSET
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Sumerian Writing: cuneiform
Cuneiform is created by pressing a pointed stylus into a clay tablet.
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Cuneiform
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Economy
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ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN ECONOMY
• Make, sell or barter goods.• Trade helped expansion.• Development of money
– Will evolve over time.
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ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN ECONOMY
• RICH• government officials• religious leaders• traders
• POOR• Farmers• craftsman
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ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN PASTIMES
• Entertainment– No longer had to hunt and gather.– More time for fun times.
• Rich had more time than poor.
• Activities:– BOARD GAMES – INSTRUMENTS– BARE FISTED BOXING
• Activities geared toward young and used for socializing.
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The invention of Agriculture changed the way people lived.
• Agriculture (Farming)
• Growth of Cities
• Division of Labor (Specialization)
• Trade
• Writing and Mathematics
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•
Mesopotamian Civilization
Sumeria
Akkadians Babylonians
Lydians
Hittites
Chaldeans
Assyrians
Persians
Phoenicians
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Hittites• Iron Weapons• Add to your map the
location:– Hittites– Assyrians– Akkadians
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Assyrians• Chief god Assur• Chariots used• First Cavalry
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Akkadians• Spoke a Semitic Language related to modern Hebrew
and Arabic
When heaven above was not yet named, nor earth below pronounced by name, Apsu, the first one, their begetter and maker Tiamat, who bore them all, had mixed their waters together, but had not formed pastures, nor discovered reed-beds. When yet no gods were manifest, nor names pronounced, nor destinies decreed, then gods were born within them.
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Babylonians
• Chief god: Marduk– Prayed for good harvest
and success in business.
• King Hammurabi• Hammurabi’s Code
– Earliest code of law– Based on equal
retaliation.
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Hammurabi’s Code
• 282 laws.• Harsh punishment for crimes.• Based on equal retaliation.
– “ If a man bring an accusation against a man and charge him with a capital crime, but cannot prove it, the accuser, shall be put to death”
– “If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off”
• Laws were varied for the wealthy and powerful.
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What do you think?
– “ If a man bring an accusation against a man and charge him with a capital crime, but cannot prove it, the accuser, shall be put to death”
– “If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off”
– If a man strike a free-born woman so that she lose her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels for her loss.
• “If the woman die, his daughter shall be put to death.
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Chaldeans
• Skilled astronomers• Hanging Gardens of
Babylon• King
Nebuchadnezzar built them for his wife– One of the Ancient
Wonders of the World
http://www.crystalinks.com/seven.html
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Persians
• Present day Iran• Spoke an Indo-European Language• Zoroastrianism
– Belief in final judgment and training for it
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Phoenicians• Major natural
resource: lumber from cedar forests.
• Invented the art of glassblowing.
• Alphabet– Then adopted by
Greeks.– Then adopted by
Romans• Please label
Phoenicia on your map.
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Lydians
• First to use a money economy.– An economic system based in the use of money as
a measure of value and a unit of account.