Ancient Greece Warring City-States. Key Terms Polis Acropolis Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy...
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Transcript of Ancient Greece Warring City-States. Key Terms Polis Acropolis Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy...
Ancient Greece
Warring City-States
Key Terms
• Polis• Acropolis• Monarchy• Aristocracy• Oligarchy• Democracy• Helots
• Phalanx
Greek City-States
• Polis, political unit in Ancient Greece made up of city and surrounding villages
• Acropolis, fortified hilltop, or the agora, a marketplace, was where citizens gathered
Greek Governments
Monarchy• Ruled by a king• Rule is hereditary• Some rulers claim
divine right
Aristocracy• State ruled by nobility• Rule is hereditary and
based on family, social rank, and wealth
• Social status and wealth support rulers’ authority
Greek Governments
Oligarchy• State ruled by small
group of citizens• Rule based on wealth
and ability• Ruling groups control
military
Democracy• State ruled by citizens• Rule is based on
citizenship• Majority rule decides
vote
Athens
• Initially an aristocracy• Power struggles
between rich and poor• Reformed government
to democracy• Citizens participated
directly in politics
Building DemocracyDraco
• 621 B.C.• Developed legal code
that all Athenians were equal, rich or poor
• Dealt harshly with criminals
• Death punishment for almost every crime
• Allowed debt slavery
Building DemocracySolon
• 594 B.C.• Outlawed debt slavery• Created social classes,
but all could still participate in gov’t
• Any citizen could charge wrongdoer with a crime
Building DemocracyCleisthenes
• Organized citizens by region, not wealth
• Created representative government
Life in Athens• Sons of wealthy families
received education• Began school around age of 7• Reading, grammar, poetry,
history, math, and music• Lessons in logic and public
speaking• Spent time each day on fitness• When older, military school to
prepare for defending Athens
Women in Athens
• Educated at home by mothers
• Child-rearing, weaving, cooking, managing the household, and other skills for good wives and mothers
• Very little to do with Athens society outside of the home
Sparta
• Located part of southern Greece known as Peloponnesus
• Separated from other Greek city-states
• Military state instead of democracy
Sparta
• Several branches of government
• Democratic assembly• Council of Elders proposed
laws• 2 kings ruled military forces• 3 social classes: citizens,
non-citizens, and helots, or peasants forced to stay on the land they worked
Sparta• Most powerful army in
Greece from 600 to 371 B.C.• Individual expression was
discouraged• Did not value the arts,
literature, or other artistic and intellectual pursuits
• Valued duty, strength, and discipline over freedom, individuality, beauty, and learning
What’s your profession?
Life of a Spartan
• Inspected at birth• Boys taken from home
at age of 7, living in army barracks
• Trained and stayed in barracks until age of 30
• Expected to serve in army until age of 60
Life in Spartan Barracks• Spent days marching,
exercising, and fighting• Trained outside no matter
weather• Only light tunics and no shoes• Slept on hard benches without
blankets• Served little food, and
encouraged to steal• Produce tough, resourceful
soldiers
Reflection
• Predict which city-state, Athens or Sparta, would last longer. Explain your reasoning for this choice.