ANCIENT GREECE · Athens V. Sparta ⦿ruled by direct democracy ⦿became wealthy from trade and...
Transcript of ANCIENT GREECE · Athens V. Sparta ⦿ruled by direct democracy ⦿became wealthy from trade and...
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ANCIENT GREECE
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Instructions
⦿Anything written in yellow (slow down and pay attention) is useful information. You should write it in your notes IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
⦿Anything in red (STOP and pay close attention) is critical information and should be copied exactly.
⦿Anything in green (go on to the next point) you do not have to write.
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Ancient
Greece
is
located
in
modern
day -
GREECE
(and parts of surrounding
countries)
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Greece is
made up of
land on the
Balkan
Peninsula as
well as
several
surrounding
islands.
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Three quarters of the land is
covered by mountains,
leaving the soil thin and
rocky.
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Climate
Winters are mild and wet.
Summers
are hot and
dry, which
leads to
drought!
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⦿ The Pindus Mountains run north to south,
creating many narrow valleys with small plains.
⦿ People settled in the valleys between
mountains, which kept them from uniting.
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Because Greece is very
mountainous,
cities were separated, and farming was difficult.
Athens
10 miles
Sparta
90 miles
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The mountains
made trade and
travel difficult. As a result,
they did a lot
of sailing.
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Economics
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Agriculture
Cities relied on the farmland around them
for food supplies, cities with good trade
links could add to their local produce by
importing food. Grains (barley and wheat)
were the most important crops, along with
beans, vegetables, olives and grapes.
Terrace (step) farming was designed to
allow Greeks to grow crops on various
levels of the mountainside.
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Terracing saves water and soil in
mountainous environments
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Occupations
Ancient Greeks practiced many different
crafts including pottery, metalworking and
woodworking, shoemaking, weaving, tanning
(making leather).
These jobs could be carried out by free
citizens, who often have slaves to help, but
crafts were generally regarded as inferior
work and so were very
Frequently practiced by resident foreigners.
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Economics
Greece does
not have the
land or climate
for farming.
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Greece
couldn’t
grow
enough
food for all
of the
people, so
ECONOMICS
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they had to trade to get wheat.
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Eventually, they traded with
people as far away as Asia!
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To meet their needs,
Greeks used
technology like terrace
farming. They also
traded and exchanged
goods and ideas!
ECONOMICS
Why didn’t I
think of that?
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Greece was organized into separate
city-states; each had their own
laws, rulers, and money.
Two of the most famous city-states were
Athens & Sparta.
city-state
= polis
GOVERNMENT
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One city-state, Athens,
developed a democracy;
Athens started
as a monarchy
(like most of their
neighbors!)
however,
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The monarchy became an
oligarchy as wealthy
nobles gained power.
oligarchy -
a government ruled by a small
group, usually the rich and powerful
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These rich
rulers treated
the poor
citizens badly
and had
stricter laws
for them than
for
themselves...
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...so the poor
people began to
prefer a tyrant,
who would at
least stick up
for them (even
if he did it
selfishly to get
more power for
himself!)
tyranny -
a government with
one leader, who
does not have legal
authority to rule
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Eventually tyranny
gave way to
democracy, at least for
a period of time!
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GOVERNMENT
demos kratos demokratia
“people” “rule” democracy
democracy –
government in which the supreme
power is held by the people.
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Using your notes and
vocabulary, complete
The Evolution of
Democracy in Athens
worksheet.
In your own words, describe each
type of government and infer the
reasons it didn’t last in Athens.
(Think about how you would want
to be ruled!)
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A democracy by any other name...
direct democracy -
a form of government in which every
citizen votes for every single law!
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...is still a democracy!
representative
democracy:
a form of
government in
which citizens
vote for
representative
s, who vote on
laws &
decisions!
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Representative
DemocracyDirect
Democracy
✓All citizens vote
on all laws.
✓People rule
directly.
✓Best for
small groups.
✓Person is
chosen to
represent a
group.
✓Elected official
votes on laws.
✓Usually used for
large groups.
✓Citizens
can
vote.
✓Citizens
have the
power.
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Comparing Democracies
Use the Venn Diagram to
predict which statements about
democracy are true for the
U.S., which are true for Ancient
Athens, and which are true for
both!
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Ancient
Athens
United
States
C.
A.
B.
D.
E.
F. G.
H.
I.J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
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GO
VE
RN
ME
NT
Most city-states had
monarchies or
oligarchies, but
Athens developed a
direct democracy.
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ATHENS
V.
SPARTA
Society &
Culture
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SPARTAAn isolated
city-state ruled by
an oligarchy
Culturally and politically different from Athens
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SPARTASpartan society was obsessed
with war.
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AthensAthens was ruled by a
direct democracy.
Athenians were encouraged to
engage in activities like art,
philosophy, music.
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Athens V. Sparta
⦿ ruled by direct
democracy
⦿ became wealthy from
trade and colonies
⦿ created a strong navy
⦿ created advanced
architecture, art,
drama, literature,
philosophy, science,
math, etc.
⦿ ruled by military
oligarchy
⦿ became wealthy from
work of slaves
⦿ created a strong army,
had the most feared
soldiers
⦿ created a simple,
military lifestyle
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In Athens, boys were...✓announced to neighbors by hanging olive
leaves on the door.
✓educated @ 5 years old until age 14 – 18,
depending on the wealth of the family.
✓taught reading, writing, math, music,
poetry, gymnastics, sports, philosophy, and
public speaking.
✓given preference over girls and received
more food and education.
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In Sparta, boys were...
✓inspected @ birth to check health and
strength.
✓moved out of their homes @ 7 years old
to train and study.
✓taught reading, writing, music, dancing,
and physical training until age 12.
✓forced to go barefoot with only 1 piece
of clothing (to make them “tougher”).
✓encouraged to steal extra food because
they were not given enough to eat.
✓beginning military training @ age 12.
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In Athens, girls were...
✓announced to neighbors by hanging
sheep’s wool on the door.
✓sometimes abandoned in public places
to die or be taken as slaves.
✓not usually educated formally.
✓taught to be good wives and mothers by
learning chores such as spinning and
weaving and helping care for siblings.
✓considered to be adults @ age 13 and
may be married any time after that.
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In Sparta, girls were...
✓inspected @ birth to check health and
strength.
✓educated @ age 7 at home.
✓taught reading, writing, athletics,
gymnastics, and survival skills.
✓encouraged to participate in athletic
events, like races in honor of goddesses.
✓ready to be married and become
mothers by 18 years old.
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In Athens, women were...✓married at early ages sometime after they
turned 13.
✓kept at home with no participation in
politics or athletics.
✓considered to be property of their
husbands and could not own any of their
own property.
✓responsible for household chores like
spinning and weaving, even if they were
very wealthy!
✓only able to work in public if they were
selected to serve in a temple of a goddess.
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In Sparta, women were...
✓assigned a husband @ age 18.
✓expected to be strong and healthy
and to have strong, healthy babies.
✓free from domestic work because
helots (like slaves) and lower class
folks did chores like spinning and
weaving.
✓free to own their own property.
✓expected to oversee and protect the
property belonging to their husbands
during times of war.
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In Athens, men were...
✓trained in a military camp from age
18 – 20.
✓considered full citizens @ age 18.
✓usually engaged in a trade (farming,
arts, etc.)
✓required to participate in the
government by voting and serving on
juries as selected.
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In Sparta, men were...
✓considered soldiers (and men) @ age
20.
✓forced to continue living in military
barracks until age 30.
✓free to marry and live at home after
they turned 30.
✓dedicated to the state @ age 30, so
they would be required to serve in
battle any time after.
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2. Write a five sentence
paragraph explaining what your
life was like on the back of your
page.
1. Using your, chart add THREE
illustrations or props for your
character. Include captions for
each drawing.
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SOCIETY & CULTURE
Athens focused on
cultural improvements.
Sparta focused on
military development.
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Alexander the Great
⦿ Alexander was not
from Athens, but
Macedonia.
⦿ Alexander was a
brilliant military
strategist.
⦿ His favorite book
was Homer’s Iliad
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KEY PEOPLE - PHILOSOPHERS
a. Socrates
taught thinking through questioning.
Plato
tried to create the ideal community.
Aristotle
looked for truth by testing facts.
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KEY PEOPLE – Pericles:
politician responsible for the Parthenon
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KEY PEOPLE – Alexander the
Great⦿Alexander the Great was
the son of King Phillip II
of Macedonia.
⦿Alexander conquered
Persia, Egypt, the Middle
East and Northern
India.
⦿He died at age
33 from malaria.
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spread Greek (Hellenistic) culture to the
world!
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CONTRIBUTIONS &
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
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CO
NT
RIB
UT
ION
S &
AC
CO
MP
LIS
HM
EN
T
S
aqueduct: brick water pipe
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terracing
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olympic games
SPRINTLONG JUMP
BOXING
JAVELI
N
DISCUS
WRESTLING CHARIOT
RACE
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architecture
arches &
columns
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written history,
math,
theater,
medicine,
literature
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Alexander conquered the
Persian empire and controlled
the largest empire the world
has ever seen.
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What happens when cultures collide?
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Alexander spread Hellenistic
culture throughout Asia.
⦿ Hellenistic is a
fancy word for
Greek.
⦿ Alexander spread
Greek technology
and ideas
throughout his
empire
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The Roman Coliseum has a
strong Hellenistic influence.
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What buildings in the USA
have a Hellenistic influence?
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Lincoln Memorial
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Technology results from
necessity
⦿ Since Greek coastal
cities were sandwiched
between the ocean and
the sea, they
developed an
awesome navy for
trading and fighting.
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Technology results from
scarcity
⦿ All cities need fresh
water. This is a
Greek aqueduct,
basically a brick
water pipe.
⦿ The first aqueduct
was Assyrian, but
most ancient
societies had them.
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Greek Inventions
⦿ The Greeks
invented dice.
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The Greeks were the original
Olympiads.
Their scientists studied the best
way to
perform sports
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Greek Invention
⦿ The Greeks
invented the crane.
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Greek Architecture
⦿ Greeks invented
arches and
columns.
⦿ This obviously took
advanced
mathematics.
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More Greek Architecture
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Greek religion was polytheistic.