Ancient Greece. Athens Review What form of government did ancient Athens Greece operate under? Who...
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Transcript of Ancient Greece. Athens Review What form of government did ancient Athens Greece operate under? Who...
Athens Review
• What form of government did ancient Athens Greece operate under?
• Who is the “Father of Democracy”?
• Who invaded Athens and destroyed their Democracy?
Main Ideas
• Spartans built a military society to provide security and protection.
• The Athenians admired the mind and the arts in addition to physical abilities
• Sparta and Athens fought over who should have power and influence Greece.
The Big Idea
• The 2 most powerful states in Greece:
• Athens & Sparta
• Different & Separate Cultures
• Become Enemies in 400 B.C.
Sparta
• Dominated by military– Lycargus– Created between 500-600 BC– Helots: captive worker or slaves– Military created to cause fear
Government
• Ran by 2 Kings– What form of government represents Sparta?
• Oligarchy
• Elected Officials run daily activities of government
• Set up to control the Helots
Spartan Government
• 2 kings• 28 citizens make of a council of elders
– Over age of 60 presented laws
• Assembly: all Spartan men over the age of 30 belong to the assembly. – Vote on councils laws– Ephors: 5 men chosen to collect taxes and
enforce laws
Spartan Government
• Discouraged visitors
• Banned travel abroad
• Military over education
• What do you think happened to this society due to their control of the people?
Spartan Culture
• Boys & Men– All join the military until the age of 60– Every healthy boy trained to be a soldier
• No shoes or heavy clothing
• Stealing
• Black broth
• Trained: running, jumping, swimming, javelins
Life of a Spartan Soldier
• 7-12 Values Training– Leave home for basic education
• 12-18 Physical Training– Physical skills & exercise
• 20-30 Military Training– Fight in the army
• Age 30 Full Citizen– Participate in assembly & move home
Spartan Women
• More rights than other Greek women– Could own land– Didn’t make clothing– Ran household– Received Physical Training
• Run, jump , wrestle, and throw javelins
Athenian Culture
• Boys & Men– Improvement of the body
• Running, jumping, fighting
• 2 years service in the army age: 18-20
– Improvement of the mind• Read, write, count, sing, play instruments
• History & Legends
Athenian Boys & Men
• Rich– Philosophy
– Geometry
– Astronomy
– Public speaking• assembly
• Poor– Read & write
– Became farmers & craftsmen
Athenian Women
• No education– Wealthy tutors
• Weaving & sowing
• Fewer rights than most Greek city-states
Athenian Women
• Could not serve in government – Juries or assembly
• Could not leave their homes
• Could not own or buy property
• Disobey husbands or family
• No rights at all
Education
• Athens– Plato
– Education for young boys should train the mind and body
– Should be prepared for all aspects of adulthood
• Sparta– Lycurgus
– Education should teach them how to fight
– “Be able to endure pain and conquer in battle”
Sparta & Athens
• Sparta – Wanted to keep to
themselves but help protect Greece from invasion
• Athens– Wanted to control the
land and other city-states that ultimately will lead to war
Religion & Language
• Sparta and Athens both spoke the same language and practiced the same type of religion– Greek – Polytheism
Delian League
• Created an alliance among Greek City-states
• Alliance: agreement to work together
• $ kept on island of Delos (Delian League)
• Athens controlled other city states and gained power through this league
Peloponnesian War
• Stop Athens growth– 431 Sparta attacks Athens
• Burnt crops & fields
• No food supply
– Athens Responds• Sends ships with food
• Attack Sparta Allies
Athenian Expansion
• Athens attacks Sicily– Entire Athenian army & navy defeated– Sicily allies to Sparta– Sparta attacks Athens
• Spartans won– Cut off food supply
– Athens Surrendered