By Owen and Jordan

Map of Ancient Greece

Sparta

• 2900- settlement in Greece is permanent• 750- the start of the dark ages and the first migration to Asia• 776- the first Olympic games• 710- Spartans conquer southwest Peloponnese• 490- Greek Persian wars• 461 BC- First Peloponnesian War begins between Sparta and Athens• 431BC- second Peloponnesian war• 336 BC- King Philip II is assassinated, and Alexander the Great takes throne• 267 AD- Goths ruin Athens, Sparta, and Corinth• 641 AD- Slavs overrun Greece

BackgroundAncient Greece for the most part was very civilized.

Their land was surrounded by water so their culture was influenced by that. The Spartans were great fighters and they usually destroyed the Athenians. The most important thing for the Spartans was to be a strong and brave soldier. Their ways of life influenced the western culture because they made a base for civilization. They traded in markets which formed an economy. They traded everyday objects for a variety of foreign goods. They had illustrious beliefs in myths relating to gods explaining the everyday features of nature which they could not explain. Overall the Greeks lived good lives.

These are Ancient Greek coins. Athena is on the head of the left one because they thought she was their

Social Structure In ancient Greece only free, land

owning, native born, men could be citizens and be protected by the law inside the boundaries of a city state. There were no special rights. Families were sometimes religious, but this had nothing to do with the government. In Sparta, all male citizens had equal rights if they finished school. Spartan Kings who ruled the city states’ military and religious structure, came from two families. They also had slavery in Ancient Greece. They had no rights or status. Spartans had special types of slaves called helots who were Messenians captured during the Messenain war. They were then assigned to families.

Top -  aristocrats who owned large estates

Middle ranks - small farmers

Lowest class- the thetes (craftsmen)

Free Men

Women - had few rights - often treated like a slave

Lowest slave- worked in the mines

Middle Level - domestic slaves - often considered one of the family

Highest Level - some worked as tutors and police officials

Slaves- lowest class

Housing

Housing in ancient Greece was adjusted to the Mediterranean climate and style. Therefore they were designed with an open structure to keep everyone cool in the hot summers. And, the rooms were insulated to keep the people warm in the cold winters. Men and women kept separate parts of the house. Basic houses contained a court yard in the middle of the household that was open to the sky. Slaves were kept in small rooms generally with nothing but a bed and a door. But there is a nurse who is a slave who takes care of the baby and the rest of the family. Other rooms include the kitchen, bedrooms, store room, and the gynaikon where the women work.

Wealthy livingThe wealthy lived well rounded lifestyles with more

than just the minimum. Pretty much all the wealthy Spartans had slaves. The slaves lived in their house and served them for every need including shopping in the market and raising the children. They would be able to afford schooling for their son. Not their daughter. They usually had big houses and were able to afford expensive things from the market place. They lived on huge estates and drank lots of wine. The males usually donated warship to the Greek army.

FoodThe Greeks ate three meals a day. Breakfast at sunrise.

They ate a small meal at midday and they generally had an afternoon snack. The main meal was eaten at the end of the day. Because Greece was along a coast, they had bad soil but in the plains people were fully capable of growing large amounts of wheat and barley. They ate tons of different kinds of bread including milk bread, rye bread, wheaten bread, farmhouse bread, brown bread, braided bread, and square bread. They grew olives, grapes, figs, apples, prunes, apricots, cherries, and dates. Green vegetables were rare and expensive. Many households had chickens or goats and wealthy people drank wine.

Family Life

Women of Sparta lived more active lives than those of other city states. They focussed on improving their physical strength, but the work that they did was generally at home. They cooked, shopped, cleaned, wove, and looked after the children. Children were considered youth until the age of 30 and they helped out a lot around the house from farm work to going to the market, but there was still lots of time for play. They had toys including balls, hoops, tops, dolls, and kites. The Greeks loved to tell stories and storytelling was one of the things they tended to do. In Sparta the children had to leave the household at age 7 to go to boarding school. The babies had “nannies” who were slaves that looked after them. The babies drank from bottles

This is an Ancient Greek Doll

MarriageThe women of poor families tended to

get married in their twenties but wealthy women were married in their early teens. Generally the women had never met the man before the day of marriage. The dowry was an important for the woman, since she would not eventually get her husband's belongings. It was established at the enguesis. The dowry would have to provide for the woman in case of either death or divorce, but it would be managed by her curios. Divorce was very common in ancient Greece. A husband could divorce anytime he wanted but the wife had to write a letter on why this would be suitable. This is an example of how women were treated poorly.

These 2 are being married

Childbirth Practices

When a child was born, the Spartan soldiers of the governments army came to inspect the baby. They checked if it was healthy or if it had a bad disease or something was wrong with it like missing a limb. This was done by bathing the baby in wine. If this was the occasion they took the baby away and either left it to die or made it to be a slave. Nannies (slaves trained for taking care of children) looked after the baby and raised it. It was hard for a baby to survive in the first few days of life, therefore they didn’t name the child until it was about 10 days old. The Spartans didn’t wrap their babies in cloth like many other city states.

Zeus with his baby Dionysus

Childhood Spartan children were out of the state more than their parents because they were

trained to be a strong warrior and a noble person from a very young age. They were taken away by the soldiers to go to boarding school. They learned everything there on being a Spartan Man. They learned went through harsh physical conditioning and they were deprived. They had no shoes and went for long time without eating. This process taught them to be a Spartan man. At age 20 they graduated and became Spartan citizens. They also removed girls from home at 7 and sent them of to school. They learned wrestling, gymnastics, fighting, and endured other physical training. Spartans believed that strong mothers produced strong children, so they put them through many physical tests.

These boys are learning to write

Childhood- Sparta and CanadaComparing the childhoods of Sparta and Canada, they were

very different. The Spartans focused on building warriors and Canadians live rounded and free lives choosing what they want to do. When around the house people in Canada might play COD or go outside with a friend, but in Sparta the children might have helped out in the house depending on the families wealth. One thing that they have in common is that the children of both places played with toys.

Education in SpartaThey went to boarding school to

learn how to be a powerful and grave warrior and soldier ready to serve Sparta. They were taught life skills in the harshest of conditions and the went through many physical tests. It was not easy but eventually they graduated to be a Spartan citizen. They also learned to read and write if they were able to afford a teacher. Their education was set on physical character because they thought that was the most important thing about being a Spartan.

A Spartan warrior, the outcome of training

ReligionThey Greeks had illustrious belief in many

gods of all sorts. With those gods they had myths and stories to explain the natural occurrences of nature. The Greeks believed in the underworld where people would go if they died. The god of the underworld, Hades would determine if the person was worthy of a good afterlife or a bad one.

ZeusZeus was the God of all Gods.

He was the brother of Poseidon and Hades. He got the best job out of all of them. He got to rule everything on earth. He spent most of his time up on Mount Olympus. He also controlled thunder and lighting and his weapon was a lightning bolt. His wife is Hera and he was the youngest of his siblings.

ClothingGreek clothing was adjusted to the

Mediterranean climate. They wore light linen robes because it very hot and linen was always available. Women usually made the clothes because they specialized in home working. They were usually coloured intricately and they had special designs. Men and women wore two main things, a tunic and a cloak. They wore sandals on their feet and slippers and boots for different occasions. Men wore clothes that were shorter than women and the women wore baggy robes.

Art and Music Several centuries of exchange between Greek,

Central Asian and Indian cultures, resulting in Greco-Buddhist art. They made many carving and paintings on pottery and building and sculptures. They used lots of colours and made many pieces of art describing Greek Mythology.

ConclusionSparta was a place of brave and amazing

warriors. They lived good lives and the wealthy lived even better. They were able to destroy any army that they came across. They were literally stone walls. Even though they were trained in harsh conditions it payed off in battle and everyday life, and they became known for their lifestyles. And will be known for centuries to come.

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Rees, Rosemary.“The Ancient Greeks”. Chicago, Illinois: Heinemann Library, 1997.

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