Ancient Greece
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Transcript of Ancient Greece
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Ancient GreeksAncient Greeks
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Greece: the basis of the West
Some important places -
Athens
Sparta
Corinth
Thebes
Olympia
Troy
Ephesus
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The Greeks didn’t stay put in Greece or the Aegean, though. They colonized all over the Mediterranean
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As your book notes, geography helped shaped Greek civilization
• Rugged rocky terrain meant that the interaction, communication, and ability to travel that’s necessary for empire was difficult
• The cities developed as city-states and were fiercely independent. They each also developed their own government and sub-culture while remaining Greek.
• The Greeks were pretty proud of themselves. The ability to speak Greek marked one as civilized. Those who couldn’t (or whose first language wasn’t Greek) were barbarians.
• In fact, ‘barbarian’ comes from the Greek word barbaros. That’s because it sounded to the Greeks like non-Greeks were just going “Bar bar bar bar.”
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Mycenaeans
• Early Greek civilization lasting from about 1600-1100 BC
• They extended through southern Greece and even onto Crete
• On Crete, they defeated the Minoans and adopted their system of writing
• The Minoans used a syllabic script we call Linear A which the Mycenaeans adapted to early Greek and is called Linear B
• While Linear B was deciphered in the 1950’s, Linear A is still a mystery
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Linear A Linear B
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The Mycenaean civilization suddenly collapsed around 1100 BC. It entered a dark age from which we have no written records
• One theory is that the Dorians invaded and conquered the Mycenaeans, but this is disputed. We do know Mycenae and the other cities suffered damage.
The Dark Ages
• Greece had its own. No written records from the time are extant.
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Mask of Agamemnon
• Uncovered by Schliemann in Mycenae
• Funeral mask
• Not really Agamemnon’s
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Lion’s Gate Entrance to citadel at Mycenae
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Entrance to the tholos tomb in Mycenae. That doorway is 18 feet high. Note the relieving arch. The inner lentil weighs 100 tons. How’d they do that?!
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Homer
• THE Greek poet
• In writings, the Greeks would often refer to him simply as ‘the poet.’ Everybody knew Homer.
• Wrote the Iliad about the Trojan war and the Odyssey about Odysseus's journey home
• Good stuff and it informs about Greek character
• And the Odyssey has cyclops, sirens, monsters, witches, revenge. How can you go wrong with that?
• Debate whether he actually existed.
• There are linguistic and style differences between the two epics
• At any rate, it’s the writing down of oral tales
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• Professional storytellers would tells the tales and poems.
• They’d have the entire thing memorized. They were the entertainers of the day.
• Great opening passages