Ancient Civilizations: India and China. I. Ancient Indian Civilization.
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Transcript of Ancient Civilizations: India and China. I. Ancient Indian Civilization.
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I. Ancient Indian Civilization
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Ancient Indian Civilization begins in the Indus River Valley
Saudi Arabia
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Indian climate
• Monsoon-seasonal wind that brings large amounts of rain to India
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Harappa-earliest Indian Valley
civilization(Pakistan)
3300 BC
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Harappan Writing2500 BC
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Mohenjo-Daro- largest early Indian valley civilization
• Near Pakistan• Had furnaces,
sewers, running water
• 3-4 story apartment houses
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The great bath at Mohenjo-Daro
3000 BC
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Citadel- a fortress placed higher than the surrounding area
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The Indo-Aryans in North India
Came into India from the North Mountain
passes and
conquered
the
Original
inhabitants
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Caste System
• People are divided into different classes
• Brahmins at top of caste system
• Untouchables at the bottom of class system
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Sanskrit- one of the
earliest written
languages -developed by people in India
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The Vedas- sacred and
holy writings of the
ancient Indians
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• Monism –all is God and God is all• Reincarnation-rebirth of the soul• Karma-what you do affects the next life• Brahma, Vishnu, and
Shiva – 3 main gods
Hinduism
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Buddhism-another “Indian” religion
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Buddha’s teachings
• The “enlightened One”
• 4 Noble truths• The eightfold path• Deny self• Nirvana is non-
existence• Did not accept
Hindu polytheism
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The Spread of Buddhism along the Silk Road
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Mauryan Empire
Emperor Asoka - renounced
war after almost
unifying India because he became a Buddhist
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Indian culture
• Suttee and polygamy• Lower castes live short, difficult lives• Upper classes are well off, well fed,
educated, have more rights• Valued Education Math – used Phi, number system of 1-9 Medical- used inoculation and antiseptics
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Suttee- last recorded case in 1987
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II. Ancient Chinese Civilization
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Gobi desert
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The Huang He or Yellow River- powerful, life giving and life taking
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Chinese ancient civilizations
• China’s history is dominated by rivers: Huang He, Wei, Yangtze
1. Started off as Neolithic tribes farming in river valleys 2. Small towns and cities developed 3. Grew into Five Kingdoms ruled by a single
family which is called a Dynasty
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How to Outline Notes on 5 Chinese Dynasties
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1. Xia Dynasty
• Until 1959, was considered a myth
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2. Shang Dynasty
Invented silk Learned to use kaolin clay
to make ceramics or “china” Writing based on pictures Calligraphy Spread Chinese
culture
across “China”
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Shang artifacts
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3. Zhou Dynasty
• Mandate of Heaven-
God gives the
Emperor
the right to rule
• Iron plow invented
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Zhou warrior
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4. Qin or “Chin” Dynasty
• Shi Huangdi, established the first
centralized empire by
conquering all who objected• Code of Qin• Built Great Wall of China• Brutal and harsh autocracy (dictatorship)• “China” comes from his name
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Shi Huangdi210 BC
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Great Wall of China
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5. Han Dynasty
• Emperor Wu Di - expanded
Chinese empire
into other parts
of Asia• Established Civil
Service system• Pax Sinica• The Silk Road
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Han fashion
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Xia Shang Zhou Qin or Chin
Han
Was thought to be a myth
Silk. china Mandate of Heaven
Built great wallBrutal
Silk Road
calligraphy Plow “China” comes from Chin
Civil service
5 Chinese Dynasties
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Chinese Philosophy
• Yin and Yang• Dualism – two sides • Strive for Balance and Harmony • Three main philosophies to
deal with yin and yang
have come out of China
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Confucius
Wrote “The Analects” which was about creating Order And Harmony among people andgovernments
1. Family relations are number one2. Respect one’s elders3. Reverence for the past and one’s
ancestors4. Government should be virtuous
551 BC
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Daoism
• Laozi-the first Hippie• Contemplation of nature• Cease striving and strife• Rejection of politics
and materialism• Art as a means
to harmony and
balance
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Legalism
• Riches and power matter and should be sought by any means available
• People are basically wicked and only harshness will be effective when dealing with them
• Severe laws and punishment are necessary to maintain peace
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Chinese Science
First accurate 365 days per year calendarDiscovered sunspotsInvented seismographInvented paper, sundial, water clock,
printing, Acupressure and acupunctureExcellent embalmers
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Seismograph
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Lady Dai
• Best preserved mummy in the world
• Died of heart attack
• “Elixir of immortality”
440’s BC