ANATOMY

Unit 3 Notes:

The Respiratory

System

(1) Respiratory Parts

• Nasal Cavity

• Trachea

• Bronchioles / Bronchiole Tubes

• Alveoli

• Lungs

• Diaphragm

(2) Respiratory System Diagram

(3) Respiratory Function

• Bring oxygen into the body.

• Expel carbon dioxide from the body.

• Work with the Cardiovascular System to circulate oxygen and carbon dioxide to their appropriate locations.

(4) Gas Exchange

• The alveoli are covered in tiny blood vessels called capillaries.

• The gases naturally diffuse HIGH to LOW concentration across the tissue walls:– Oxygen moves from the alveoli, into the

capillaries and blood stream.– Carbon dioxide moves from the blood stream,

into the alveoli and out of the body.

(5) Inhalation

• Diaphragm contracts (pulls down).

• Volume of lungs increases, causing a huge drop in pressure.

• Gas outside the body rushes into the lungs.

(6) Exhalation

• Diaphragm relaxes (punches up).

• Volume of lungs decreases, causing huge increase in pressure.

• Gas inside body rushes out of lungs.

(7) Bronchitis• Bronchiole tubes become inflamed and full

of mucus.

• Individuals often have problems breathing, wheezing, coughing up phlegm, chest pain.

• Causes:–Bacterial or Viral infection–Frequent inhalation of irritating gases or

dust (smoking, working in a factory, etc.)

(8) Pneumonia• The bronchioles become filled with pus

and mucus.

• Individuals will suffer fever, chills and flu like symptoms.

• Causes:

–Bacterial infection

–Viral infection

(9) Cystic Fibrosis• Disorder of the CFTR gene.

• Organs overproduce thick mucus due to an overproduction of sodium.

• Individuals die from malnutrition and/or suffocation.

• No cure.

(10) Asthma• Oversensitive bronchiole tubes.

• Easily become inflamed and filled with mucus due to allergens.

• Caused by genetics or over-inhalation of irritants.

• Inhalers dilate the bronchioles to allow more air to flow in and out.

(11) Tuberculosis• Chronic bacterial infection of the lungs.

• Airborne

• Typical flu symptoms in addition to coughing of blood.

• Treated with several rounds of antibiotics.

• Tested for with a skin test and x-rays in severe cases.

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

• Bronchioles become inflamed, weakened, and blocked by mucus.

• Result of having several respiratory disorders repetitively.

(12) COPD