Anatomy Review Cat Muscles Written by Eduardo Alvarez & Roberto Martinez Students of Professor...
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Transcript of Anatomy Review Cat Muscles Written by Eduardo Alvarez & Roberto Martinez Students of Professor...
Anatomy ReviewCat Muscles
Written by Eduardo Alvarez & Roberto Martinez
Students of Professor Gonsalves’ LACC Anatomy 1 Class
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Masseter
• Origin: – Zygomatic Bone
• Insertion: – Mandible
• Action: – Elevates Mandible
Temporalis
• Origin: – Temporal Bone
• Insertion: – Mandible
• Action: – Elevates and Retracts Mandible
Digastric
• Origin: – Occipital Bone and Mastoid Process
• Insertion: – Mandible
• Action: – Depresses Lower Jaw
Mylohyoid
• Origin: – Mandible
• Insertion: – Hyoid Bone
• Action: – Raises Floor of Mouth and Pulls Hyoid Forward
NECK MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD
Sternomastoid (only in cats)
• Origin: – Sternum
• Insertion: – Mastoid Process
• Action: – Turns and Depresses Head
Cleido-mastoid
• Origin: – Clavicle
• Insertion: – Mastoid Process
• Action: – Pulls Head Laterally and Pulls Clavicle Craniad
MUSCLES OF HYOID, LAYRNX, & TONGUE
Sternohyoid
• Origin: – First Rib (Intercostal)
• Insertion: – Hyoid Bone
• Action: – Pulls Hyoid Caudally, Raises Ribs and Sternum
Sternothyroid
• Origin: – First Rib (Intercostal)
• Insertion: – Larynx
• Action: – Pulls Larynx Caudal (down)
Thyrohyoid
• Origin: – Thyroid Cartilage of Larynx
• Insertion: – Hyoid Bone
• Action: – Raises Larynx
Geniohyoid(deep to
Mylohyoid)
• Origin: – Mandible
• Insertion: – Hyoid Bone
• Action: – Pulls Hyoid Craniad (up)
MUSCLES THAT ATTACH PECTORAL APPENDAGES TO THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Trapezius
• Origin: – Occipital Bone and Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae
• Insertion: – Scapula and clavicle
• Action: – Raises Clavicle, Adducts, Elevates and Depresses Scapula
Latissimus Dorsi
• Origin: – Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae
• Insertion: – Humerus
• Action: – Pulls Arm Dorsad (back) and Caudad (down)
RhomboideusCapitis
• Origin: – Lamboidal Ridge
• Insertion: – Scapula
• Action: – Pulls Scapula Craniad (up)
RhomboideusMinor
• Origin: – Thoracic Vertebrae
• Insertion: – Scapula
• Action: – Pulls scapula dorsally and medially
capitis
RhomboideusMajor
• Origin: – Thoracic Vertebrae
• Insertion: – Scapula
• Action: – Pulls Scapula Dorsally (toward back) and Medially (towards midline)
capitis
LevatorScapulaeVentralis
• Origin: – Occipital Bone and Atlas (C1)
• Insertion: – Scapula
• Action: – Pulls Scapula Craniad (toward head)
MUSCLES THAT ATTACH PECTORAL APPENDAGES TO VENTRAL AND BODY WALL
Pectoante-brachialis(cat only)
• Origin: – Sternum
• Insertion: – Forearm (proximal end)
• Action: – Adducts Arm
Pectoralis Major
• Origin: – Sternum
• Insertion: – Humerus
• Action: – Adducts Arm
Pectoralis Minor
• Origin: – Sternum
• Insertion: – Humerus
• Action: – Adducts Arm
Xiphi-humeralis(cat only)
• Origin: – Xiphoid Process
• Insertion: – Humerus
• Action: – Adducts Arm
SerratusVentralis
• Origin: – First 10 Ribs
• Insertion: – Scapula
• Action: – Pulls Scapula Forward & Depresses Scapula
MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER
(Deltoid)Clavodeltoid
• Origin: – Clavicle and Clavotrapezius muscle
• Insertion: – Humerus
• Action: – Flexes Forearm
(Deltoid)Acromio-
deltoid
• Origin: – Scapula
• Insertion: – Humerus
• Action: – Flexes Humerus and Rotates it Outward
(Deltoid)Spinodeltoid
• Origin: – Scapula
• Insertion: – Humerus
• Action: – Flexes Humerus and Rotates it Outward
Supraspinatus
• Origin: – Scapula
• Insertion: – Humerus
• Action: – Extends Humerus
Infra-spinatus
• Origin: – Scapula
• Insertion: – Humerus
• Action: – Rotates Humerus Outward
Teres major
Rhomboideus major
Teres Major
• Origin: – Scapula
• Insertion: – Humerus
• Action: – Flexes forearm and Rotates it inward
Rhomboideus major
Sub-Scapularis
• Origin: – Scapula
• Insertion: – Humerus
• Action: – Pulls Humerus Medially
MUSCLES OF UPPER ARM
Triceps Brachii
• Origin: – Long Head: Scapula Lateral Head and Medial Head: Humerus
• Insertion: – Ulna
• Action: – Extends Forearm
Lateral head
Medial head
Long head
Biceps Brachii
• Origin: – Scapula
• Insertion: – Radius
• Action: – Flexes and Supinates Forearm
Brachialis
• Origin: – Humerus
• Insertion: – Ulna
• Action: – Flexes Forearm
MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK
Thoracic Region
External Intercostals
• Origin: – Caudal border of one
rib
• Insertion: – Crainal border of rib
caudad
• Action: – Raises Rib (Inhalation)
• Origin: – Cranial border of one
rib
• Insertion: – Caudal border of rib
above
• Action: – Draw Adjacent Ribs
Together and Lower Rib
Internal Intercostals
Extenal Abdominal
Oblique
• Origin: – Last nine Ribs
• Insertion: – Linea Alba from Sternum to Pubis
• Action: – Compresses Abdomen
Transversus Abdominis
• Origin: – Costal cartilage of False Ribs, Lumbar Vertabrae, and Ilium
• Insertion: – Linea Alba
• Action: – Compresses the Abdomen
Extensor dorsi communis • Muscle Groups:
– Spinalis– Longissimus– Iliocostalis
• Action: – Extends Vertebral Column
MUSCLES OF THE HIP REGION
Tensor fascia latae
• Origin: – Ilium
• Insertion: – Patella and Tibia
• Action: – Extends Thigh, Aids in Abduction and Rotation
Caudo-femoralis
• Origin: – 2 and 3 Caudal Vertebrae
• Insertion: – Patella
• Action: – Abducts Thigh and Extends Shank
Gluteus Maximus
• Origin: – Sacral and Caudal Vertebrae
• Insertion: – Femur
• Action: – Abducts Thigh
Gluteus Medius
• Origin: – Sacral and Caudal Vertebrae & Ilium
• Insertion: – Femur
• Action: – Abducts Thigh
MUSCLES OF THE THIGH
Dorsal Femoral Group
(Flexors)
Biceps Femoris
• Origin: – Ishium
• Insertion: – Patella & Tibia
• Action: – Adducts Thigh, Flexes Shank
Semi-membranosus
• Origin: – Ischium
• Insertion: – Femur
• Action: – Extends Thigh
Semi-tendinosus
• Origin: – Ischium
• Insertion: – Tibia
• Action: – Flexes Shank
MUSCLES OF THE THIGH
Ventral Femoral Group
(Extensors)
Sartorius
• Origin: – Ilium
• Insertion: – Patella
• Action: – Adducts and Rotates Femur, Extends Tibia
Quadriceps
Rectus femoris
• Origin: – Ilium
• Insertion: – Patella
• Action: – Extends Lower Leg
Quadriceps
Vastus Lateralis
• Origin: – Femur
• Insertion: – Patella
• Action: – Extends Lower Leg
Quadriceps
Vastus Medialis
• Origin: – Femur
• Insertion: – Patella
• Action: – Extends Lower Leg
MUSCLES OF THE THIGH
Medial Femoral Group
Gracilis
• Origin: – Ischium and Pubis
• Insertion: – Tibia
• Action: – Adducts Thigh and Pulls Caudad
Adductor Longus
• Origin: – Pubis
• Insertion: – Femur
• Action: – Adducts Thigh
Adductor Femoris
• Origin: – Pubis & Ischium
• Insertion: – Femur
• Action: – Extends Thigh
MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LEG
Gastrocnemius
• Origin: – Femur
• Insertion: – Calcaneus
• Action: – Extends Foot
Soleus
• Origin: – Fibula
• Insertion: – Metatarsals
• Action: – Extends Foot
Tibialis Anterior
• Origin: – Tibia and Fibula
• Insertion: – First Metatarsals
• Action: – Flexes Foot