Anatomy of Audio1

8/7/2019 Anatomy of Audio1

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` Audio is the most sensuous element of multimediaIt can provide meaningful speechIt can provide the listening pleasure of musicIt can provide the starting accent of special effectsIt can provide ambience of a mood-setting background

` In any way that we use audio, it can make a bigdifference


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` M ost of the audio used in a multimedia project aredigitally recorded

` Digital audio is reproduced through a channel a

speaker ` As electrical current travels in front and behind the

magnet very rapidly, it causes vibrations in the air,and that vibration is sound.


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` M ono A term used to described sound that comes from only 1channel (unidirectional)

All elements of the sound recording are directed usingone amplifier and speaker combinationTo the ear, all the elements of the sound, voice,instruments, and effects appear to originate from thesame point in space.


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` S tereo ChannelU ses two or more channelsThe recorded sounds are mixed in such as a way thatsome elements are channeled to the left and some are

channeled to the rightListening to stereo sound that allows you to distinguishwhich sound is coming from which directionS tereo sound is more life-like and realistic experienceBecause human being have 2 ears, it is natural that we

listen to sounds from two direction


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` The most prominent use of stereo sound is inmusic where multiple sources of sound arepresent

` When you are listening to a band play and youhave sharp ear, you can distinguish the soundmay by each instrument. This is what stereo triesto replicate with the use of multiple channels and

what mono is completely unable to do.


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` M ono has an inferior quality compared to S tereoS ound. M ost radio channels that broadcast music(like F M stations) use stereo. Those that

broadcast news only (like AM

stations) useM

ono` The equipment needed to record stereo sound is

also a little bit more complicated and expensivecompared to equipment for mono.


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` M ost hand-held sound recorders can only recordsound in M ono


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` H ome cinema stereo systems can have evenmore channels

` The term home theater refers to the ability to

recreate the sound of a movie theatre at home An audio or video system with multichannel audioDevices called multi channel amplifiers, for reproducingspatial sound (3D audio) by using multiple speakers.


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` For any given number of audio channels, there isan optimal physical setup for the speakers theproduces the best effect possible

M ono S tereo DolbyS urround

DolbyDigital

5.1


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` The result of Dolby S urround mixing is a morebalanced listening environment

` S ounds come from multiple channels that

surround the listener ` Dolby surround is useful in both musical and film

sound recording` M usic with surround sound has a more natural feel

and has a better acoustical cues


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` In movie soundtracks the sensation of soundsmoving from front to rear and left to right addsmore realism to the viewing/ listening experience

by placing the viewer in the action


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` The standard desktop computer sound systemhas two channels

` S peakers are used to output sound

Desktops need external speakersLaptops have internal speakers

` To input sound into the computer, you need amicrophone

Desktop computers need an external microphone to beattached to themNewer laptops have built-in microphones


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` The loudness or softness of sound is calledamplitude or volume. This measured in decibels(dB)

` Normal decibel range would be 20-40 dBWhispers are at 20 dBPlays theatres are at 40 -45 dBTrains at the Railway are already 65 90 dBThunder is at 90-100 dB

Aircraft takeoff is at 110 140 dB


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` U sing audio in multimedia projects will requiremore than just knowing about sound waves,channels, and decibels

` M ore importantly you need to know;Different types of AudioDigital Audio equipment and toolsCapturing Audio on the computer

Audio File FormatsEditing audio on the computer


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` These are three types of audio:Background M usicVoice Over S ound Effects


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` Enhances the project` Affects emotions and moods` Establishes a period in time` Acts as a transition element between screens


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` U sed as a text replacementLimited screen spaceReduce extra visual clutter

` Used to give instructionsH ow to use the multimedia applicationWhat to do at a particular instance in the applicationDirect the user to a particular part of the screen


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` G ives an interpretation to a visual image onscreen

` Indicator for mouse triggers

Clicks, alerts` Indicator for feedback

Claps, Cheer, Buzz, S plat, Booms, Whoosh, etc.


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` M icrophone` S peakers` Earphones/ H eadphones` H eadset` Amplifiers` S ound M ixers` Audio Editors


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` Things needed:S criptM icrophones attached to the computer S peakers

Audio Recording Programx Windows: S ound Recorder x Freeware: Audacity


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` MI DI (M usical Instrument Digital Interface)` FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec)` OGG (Ogg Vorbis)` WM A (Windows M edia Audio)` A IFF (Audio Interchange File)` APE ( M onkey Audio)` M P3 ( M edia Player 3)


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` In using audio in your project, there are instanceswhen we really need to edit the file

Too soft or too loudToo longClip a portion of the songRemove the noise in the backgroundThe file format is not compatibleJoin two or more files together M ake a medleyEtc.


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` Adobe Audition` Audacity` S ound Forge


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` In this technique, you can overlap multiple tracksof audio and export it later as a single audio file


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` This technique is used when you need to removedead air (silence) at the beginning or end of your file

` This means removing Extra Time before theaudio starts to play or extra time after the audiohas played

` Removing even few seconds can make a big

change in your file size


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` This technique suggests that two or more audiofiles can be combined

` Cut and paste clips of audio files to make a

medley


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` S ome audio files are really soft when played in amultimedia application

` An audio editing program can amplify the sound` In other cases, if you are putting together many

recorded audio clips in a multimedia project, thereis a chance that the audio files have varyingvolume

` In order to provide consistent volume level, use asound editor to normalize the audio files


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` Audio conversion software converts audio fileformats from one form to another

` Two reasons in converting audio file format

Reduce the file sizeCompatibility issues` Almost any uncompressed audio can be

converted to a compressed format using an audio

editor or audio converter


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` U sed as effect to gradually increase the volume toits maximum defined volume

` U sually placed at the start of an audio file to have

a smooth introduction


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` U sed as an effect to gradually decrease the audiovolume towards complete silence

` U sually places at the ending of an audio stopping

abruptly


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` M eans to alter the length of an audio file` Changing the speed of your audio normally affects

the pitchS

peeding up makes the pitch higher (like a chipmunk)S lowing down makes the pitch lower (almost like a DarthVader)


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` Reversing the words in a song gives an alien-likeeffect

` This technique is not used too often unless it is

necessary for a sound effect


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` Audio Editing programs can help you improve anaudio recording that contains excessivebackground noise

`

Background Noisenoise produces by traffic, pets or voices in thebackgroundRefers to the hiss or hum present throughout therecording. H isses and H ums occur from the microphonesignals or sometimes from human speech


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` Audio files should be compressed before using itin a multimedia application

` Importing audio to your application makes the

application file size larger ` M ost of the time, it is completely embedded` S ome multimedia developers choose to link audio

files externally` S maller audio files (still with maintained good

quality) are better


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Anatomy of Audio1

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