Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye

Medical Terminology 120Latoyska Howard

Emmetropia (EM)

State of normal vision No need for contact lenses

or glasses Occurs when cornea

curvature, shape of the lens and their distance from each other and retina are working together perfectly

Cornea and lens focus the rays of light from the object evenly on the retina, creating a sharp image

Ophthalmology (Ophth)

Branch of medicine specializing in the anatomy, function and diseases of the eye.

Ophthalmologist – Specialize in eye and vision care – Prescribe glasses and contact lenses and eye surgery

Specialties – Glaucoma – Neuro – Ophthalmology – Pediatric – Ophthalmic – And many more…

Astigmatism (Astigm)

A condition where light rays are not focused evenly on the retina. This causes a person to have distorted image– In other words a person doesn’t see as

clearly as they should

Esotropia (ST)

Condition where an eye is turned inward– Known as cross eyed– Example, of strabismus

Muscle weakness of the eye Conditions begins in early child hood Adults can form this condition

– loss of vision– Grave’s disease – Brain or head tumor or trauma

Can run in the family

Visual Acuity (VA)

Measures the sharpness of a patients vision

A chart is used called a Snellen Chart – Patient identifies

letters from a distance of 20 feet

Laser –Assisted in – situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)

Laser –Assisted in – situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)

Common surgery correcting nearsightedness– Astigmatism– Myopia

Removes tissue from the cornea w/o damaging any tissue surrounding it

It’s a cosmetic surgery and may or may not be covered by insurance

Exotropia (XT)

Outward turning of the eye – Example of strabismus – Called wall-eyed

Each Eye/ Both Eye (OU)

OU – Means dealing with both eyes – Usually seen for prescriptions for glasses

or contact lenses

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

Occurs when enters the sleep stage REM

– 90 minutes after the body has entered the sleep stage

– Intense dreams may occur

Eye, Ears, Nose, and Throat (EENT)

A brunch of medicine specializing in the, eye, ears, nose and throat

Bone Conduction (BC)

Conduction of sound through the bones of the skull

High pitched sounds– Causes vibrations – Compresses the bony case of the inner ear– Stimulates the sensory cells

Perceives sound waves in the air

Low pitched sounds (inertial bone)– Vibrate the entire skull