Anatomy and PhysiologyAxial Skeletal System

Review

What is the name of the movable bone held to the cranium?

• A. Humerus

• B. Frontal

• C. Mandible

• D. Zygomatic

What is the name of the movable bone held to the cranium?

• Mandible

What is a foramen?

• A. Knob

• B. Opening

• C. Indentation

• D. Curve

What is a foramen?

• Opening

Which bone includes the Foramen Magnum?

• A. Parietal

• B. Frontal

• C. Temporal

• D. Occipital

Which bone includes the Foramen Magnum?

• Occipital

What does the sella turcica protect?

• A. Hypothalamus

• B. Pituitary

• C. Thymus

• D. Thyroid

What does the sella turcica protect?

• Pituitary Gland sits in the depression of the sella turcica (turk’s saddle)

• It is an endocrine gland that produces Prolactin (milk production) Growth Hormone, Cortisol (stress hormone) …and more

Hard palate contains:

• A. Sphenoid and Ethmoid

• B Zygomatic and lacrimal

• C. Nasal Conchae ans vomer

• D. Maxilla and Palatine

Hard palate contains:

• Maxilla and Palatine• Are the hard palate or

the roof of our mouth.

A suture is a _______joint.

• A. Hinge

• B. Immovable

• C. Slightly Movable

• D. Pivot

A suture is a _______joint.

• Immovable

Which is not part of the cranium?

• A. Lacrimal

• B. Frontal

• C. Ethmoid

• D. Temporal

Which is not part of the cranium?

• The Lacrimal Bone is considered a facial bone

• The ethmoid is part of the cranium

The 5 fused bones at the base of the vertebral column.

• A. Atlas

• B. Sacrum

• C. Scapula

• D. Sternum

The 5 fused bones at the base of the vertebral column.

• Sacrum

Vertebrae that have long spinous process and articulate with ribs.

• A. Cervical

• B. Thoracic

• C. Lumbar

• D. Sacrum

Vertebrae that have long spinous process and articulate with ribs.

• Thoracic

Soft spots in a newborn’s skull are called:

• A. Sutures

• B. Foramen

• C. Fontanels

• D. Meatus

Soft spots in a newborn’s skull are called:

• Fontanels

Where is the external auditory meatus?

• A. Parietal

• B. Frontal

• C. Temporal

• D. Occipital

Where is the external auditory meatus?

• Temporal

The lowest part of the sternum?

• A. Manubrium

• B. Xiphoid

• C. Laminae

• D. Vertebrae

The lowest part of the sternum?

• Xiphoid

Ribs attached directly to their costal cartilage are:

• A. True Ribs

• B. Floating Ribs

• C. False Ribs

• D. Manubrial Ribs

Ribs attached directly to their costal cartilage are:

• True Ribs

There are __ Cervical __ Thoracic and ____ Lumbar Vertebrae.

• A. 10, 2 and 6

• B. 3, 12, and 15

• C. 6, 6, and 6

• D. 7, 12 and 5

There are __ Cervical __ Thoracic and ____ Lumbar Vertebrae.

• 7, 12 and 5

Cranium = 3 Sutures

Three Sutures

• Coronal• Sagittal• Lamboidal

Cranium = 8 Bones

• Frontal = 1• Parietal = 2• Temporal = 2• Occipital = 1• Sphenoid = 1• Ethmoid = 1

14 Facial Bones

• Maxillae (2 fused)• Palatine (2 paired)• Zygomatic (2 paired)• Lacrimal (2 paired)• Nasal (2 paired)• Vomer• Inferior Nasal

Conchae (2 paired)• Mandible

Ear Bones

External Auditory Meatus

• The human ear canal is divided into two parts. The cartilaginous part forms the outer third of the canal and framework of pinna. The Bony part forms the inner two thirds.

Tympanic Membrane

• Converts mechanical energy to impulses

• Transmits impulses to the brain

Ossicles

Ossicles

• The ossicles are, in order from the eardrum to the inner ear (biologically/medically from superficial to deep)

• malleus, incus, and stapes. Terms that, in Latin, are translated as the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup.

• The smallest bones in the body, increase the force of vibrations.

Ossicles

• The Malleus (hammer) articulates with the incus and is attached to the tympanic membrane (eardrum), from which vibrational energy is passed.

• The Incus (anvil) is connected to both the other bones.

• The Stapes (stirrup) articulates with the Incus and is attached to the membrane of the fenestra ovalis, the elliptical or oval window or opening between the middle ear and the inner ear.

Cochlea

• Balance and Equilibrium

Eustacian Tubes

• Connects the inner ear to the throat

Rib Cage

Long Bone

Vertebral Column

Vertebrae

Atlas and Axis

Osteocyte, Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts

• Osteoclast= removes bone

• Osteoblast= builds bone

• Osteocyte= mature bone cell, an osteoblast trapped in its matrix

Bone Formation

• Bones begin as a cartilage model• Ossification occurs when osteoblasts

deposit bone tissue over the cartilage model

• Cartilage disintegrates until there is only bone with hyaline cartilage at the articular ends

• Formation is finished when the epiphyseal plates is replaced by the epiphyseal line.