Anatomical landmarks for edentulous patients and facial landmarks
Anatomical Landmarks--practical examination configuration of the tooth, it ... mandible in this...
Transcript of Anatomical Landmarks--practical examination configuration of the tooth, it ... mandible in this...
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Radio-anatomy
Presented by
Mohamed El-Sherbini
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A, Enamel; B, Dentin; and C, CementoA, Enamel; B, Dentin; and C, Cemento--enamel junction.enamel junction.
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The pulp space
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Teeth are composed of pulp (arrow on the second molar),
enamel (arrow on the first molar), dentin (arrow on the second premolar), and cementum (usually not visible radiographically).
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A developing root shown by a divergent apex, around the dental
papilla (arrow), which is enclosed by an opaque bony crypt.
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A developing root
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Hypercementosis of the roots of a mandibular molar
may occurs in Paget’s disease.
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Cervical burn-out may be due to
anatomical configuration of the tooth, it should be differentiated from cervical caries
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Lamina dura
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Periodontal membrane space
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Alveolar crest is pointed at the anterior teeth.
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Alveolar crest is flattened at the posterior
teeth and parallel to the cemento-enamel junction of adjacent teeth.
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The median palatine (intermaxillary) suture is found
between the two palatine processes of the maxilla.
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Intermaxillary suture (arrows) appears as a radiolucency in the
midline of the maxilla surrounded by two radiopaque borders.
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The anterior nasal spine is seen as an opaque V-
shaped projection from the floor of the nasal fossa in the midline (arrow).
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The nasal septum appears as a radiopaque partition
that divides the nasal cavity.
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The anterior floor of the nasal fossa (arrows) appears
as opaque lines extending laterally from the anterior nasal spine.
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The inferior nasal conchae appear as diffuse radiopacities within
the nasal cavity.
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The incisive foramen appears radiolucent.
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The superior foramina of the incisive canal appear as small
rounded radiolucency above the root apices of the maxillary central incisors.
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Lateral fossa is a diffuse radiolucency (arrows) in the region of
the apex of the lateral incisor. It is formed by a depression in the maxilla at this location.
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The soft tissue outline of the nose (arrows) is
superimposed on the anterior maxilla.
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The nasolacimal canals are commonly seen as ovoid
radiolucencies (arrow) on maxillary occlusal projections.
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The naso-lacrimal canals (arrow) is occasionally seen near the
apex of the canine when steep vertical angulation is used. Note the mesiodens (supernumerary tooth) superior to the central incisor.
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The inverted Y appears as a radiopaque upside-
down Y.
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The maxillary sinus inferior border.
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Septa within the maxillary sinus appear as radiopaque lines.
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This bony nodule (arrow) is a normal variant of the floor of the
maxillary sinus.
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This x-ray shows a recent extraction socket (of the upper right first molar) complicated by dislodgement of the distobuccal root into the antral cavity. This accident occurs frequently and an operation should be arranged at the earliest opportunity to retrieve the displaced root and effect surgical repair of the oro-antral fistula. Early operation will prevent the occurrence of irreversible chronic changes in the mucosa of the maxillary sinus.
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The zygomatic process of the maxilla (arrows) extends
posteriorly from the inferior portion of the zygomatic process of the maxilla.
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The maxillary tuberosity appears as a radiopaque bulge distal to
third molar region.
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Pterygoid plates (arrows) located posterior to the
maxillary tuberosity.
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Mandibular symphysis (arrows) in a newborn infant. Note the
bilateral supernumerary primary incisors adjacent to it.
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Genial tubercles (arrow) on the lingual surface of the
mandible in this cross-sectional mandibular occlusal view.
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The mental ridge appears as a radiopaque band in the premolar
and incisor region.
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The mental fossa appears as a radiolucent area above the mental
ridge.
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The mental foramen (arrow, over the apex of the second
premolar) may simulate periapical disease. Continuity of the lamina dura around the apex, however, indicates the absence of periapical abnormality.
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The mylohyoid ridge appears as a radiopaque band or
line above the submandibular gland fossa.
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Mandibular canal (arrows), radiopaque superior and inferior cortical border.
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Submandibular gland fossa (arrows) indicated by a poorly
defined radiolucency and sparse trabecular bone below the mandibular molars.
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The external oblique ridge appears as a radiopaque
band.
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The inferior border of the mandible (arrows) is seen as a
dense, broad radiopaque band.
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Left, the coronoid process appears as a triangular-shaped radiopacity. Right, superimposition of the coronoid process on the tuberosity area resemble root
fragment (white arrow).
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Amalgam restoration appears completely radiopaque
(arrows).
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Stainless steel pins (arrows) provide retention for
amalgam restoration.
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A cast gold crown, appearing completely radiopaque
(arrow), serves as the terminal abutment of a bridge.
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Gutta-percha (arrows) is a radiopaque rubber-like material used in endodontic therapy.
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Silver points (arrow) were used to fill the root canals in
this patient.
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Porcelain appears radiolucent (arrow) over a coping.
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Composite restorations containing particles of barium glass are
radiopaque and net likely to be confused with caries.
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Orthodontic appliances have a characteristic
radiopaque appearance.
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