Analyzing Group 1 Element
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Transcript of Analyzing Group 1 Element
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CHAPTER 4
PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
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Learning Objective
Describechangesinreactivity of Group 1
elements downthegroup.
Predict physicaland chemical propertiesof otherelementin Group 1.
Statethesafety precaution whenhandling
Group 1 elements.
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PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTSGroup 1 elements
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INTRODUCTION
Sodium
Na
Potassium
KLithium
Li
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ELEMENTS IN GROUP 1
1. Alkalimetals
2. Lithium,sodium, potassium,rubidium,caesium, francium3. Eachelementcontains 1 valencee-
4. Physical properties:
- good conductorofheatnelectricity
- Softmetal- Grey,silvery,shinysurfacemetal
- Low melting pointsn boiling pointscompared to heavymetalssuchasiron
- Low densities float on water..
5. Whengoing downgroup1- Theatomicsizeincreases no ofshells occupied withe- increases
- Themeltingand boiling point decrease sizeincrease force ofattraction
become weaker
- The density ofelementsincreases.
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GROUP 1
1. 1. valenceelectron
2. Duringchemicalreaction,it willlosethevalencee- to formanion
withacharge of +1
-achievingthestable duplet oroctete- arrangement
3. Elementsingroup 1 areveryreactivemetals
4. Alkalimetalshavesimilarchemical properties but differinreactivity
5. Thereactivityincreases downthegroup.
-depends onhow easilyitcanloseitsvalencee-
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1. Thereactivity will be observe whenthereaction ofthe
Group 1 elements withwater, oxygen and chlorine.
2. Reaction oflithium,sodiumand potassium with:-Water( X + H2O XOH + H2 ) XOH- alkalinemetal
hydroxide
-Oxygen ( X + O2 2X20)- whitesolid metal oxides* X20 + H2O 2XOH
-Halogen ( 2X + Y2 2XY )
A) Changes in reactivity of group 1 elements
down the group
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Reaction with water
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
2Li + 2H20 2LiOH + H
2
2Na + a2H20 2NaOH + H2Natrium water Natrium Hydroxide Hydrogen
2K + 2H20 2KOH + H2Potassium water Potassium Hydroxide Hydrogen
Lithium water Lithium Hydroxide Hydrogen
-Reactionmovesslowly.
-Lookred flame.
-Turnsred litmusto blue.
-Reactionmove quickly.
-Look brightyellow flame.
-Turnsred litmusto blue.
-Reactionmovevirgorously.
-Look brilliant purple flame.
-Turnsred litmusto blue.
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Reaction with oxygen
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
4Li + O2 2Li20Lithium Oxygen Lithium Oxide
-Burn withred flameslowly.
4Na + O2 2Na20Sodium Oxygen Sodium Oxide
-Burn with brightyellow quicklyand clear.
4K + O2 2K20Potassium Oxygen Potassium Oxide
-Burnveryvigorously with brilliant purple flame.
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Reaction with chlorineLithium
Sodium
Potassium
2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
Sodium Chlorine Sodium Chloride
-Burn quickly with a bright yellow flame.
-Produce white solid.
2Li + Cl2
2LiCl
Lithium Chlorine Lithium Chloride
-Burn slowly in red flame.
-Produce white solid.
2K + Cl2 2KCl
Potassium Chlorine Potassium Chloride
-Burn vigorously with a brilliant purple flame.
-Produces awhite solid .
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3. Lithium,sodiumand potassium whichare
Group 1 elements:
Have only one electron valence in the outer shell. So,they have the same chemical reaction.
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B) Physical and chemical properties
of other element in group 1
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3) Thedensity ofgroup 1elementsincreases when
going downthegroup.
2) Thehardness,melting point
and boiling point decreases
whengoing downthegroup.
1) Soft metals
So,the Group 1 elementsare:
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C) Safety precautions when handlingGroup 1 elements
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Conclusion
Thegroup 1 elementscanreacts with water,chlorineand oxygen.
Group 1 elementshavethesamechemical properties becausetheyhave oneelectronvalencein outershell.
Wemustcarefully whenhandling Group 1 elements becausetheyareveryreactivemetals.
Foradditionalreferences:
http://periodic.lanl.gov/default.htm
http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/