Analysis of culture: Paradigms Benefits Limitations.
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Transcript of Analysis of culture: Paradigms Benefits Limitations.
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Analysis of culture: Paradigms Benefits Limitations
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High and Pop Culture High Culture –
appeals to the elite
Needs knowledge, education, $ to participate comfortably
Insider status
Pop Culture –widespread - the activities, products, services that appeal to middle and working class – Mencken’s “Boobisee”
Everyone = insider
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Pop Culture
Fashion – longer lasting – music, sports (soccer in Am)
Fad = temporary – but wide spread Object – beanie babies, Pokemon Activity – silent raves, body piercings Idea – New Age, crystals, raw foods Personality – celebrity
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Culture Change Invention –new stuff- technology Discovery – better/changed
understanding Diffusion – spread of ideas/culture
to culture – Culture Lag – some parts change
more quickly than others – thus catch up/disruption– Technology (material) often faster than non-material (norms) - Ogburn
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Global Culture
Flow of goods, info, people BUT still we use cultural lens & not
equal distribution Cultural leveling v Cultural
Imperialism
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Symbolic Interactionist Focus – acquiring the culture –
learning the symbols, language, values, norms of the group – sense of belonging
Creation of shared reality; negotiation of social realities
Re-interpretation of reality Creation of cultural changes
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Money - -- arbitrary means of exchange – then becomes an end in itself and something we use to assign worth
All can be bought and possessed – increases cynicism and prices relationships
Simmel – material and non material culture takes on a meaning of its own
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Structural Functionalist Idealism – creation of shared
values that bind people together Cultural Universals – Traits that
are part of EVERY culture Stabilizes and meets needs of the
society – brings continuity, harmony Biological – food/procreation Instrumental – law/education ‘ Integrative – religion/art
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Examples
Pop culture as glue - holds diverse groups together – Superbowl; Olympics
Dysfunctions – pop culture might undermine core values Glorification of drugs/violence in
media
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Critique
Focus on stability and societal needs
Overemphasis on shared values Underemphasis of embedded
structures like inequalities of class, race, gender
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Social Conflict Materialism Cultural tensions and changes Values and “scarce goodies” created
by & controlled by the powerful for their benefit
Values and norms perpetuate social inequalities
Symbolic capital False consciousness
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Examples Pop culture promotes consumption
of commodities – we need STUFF! Marketing of culturally acceptable
values and behaviors – control Think any Disney movie
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Critique
Perpetuation of inequalities is revealed.
Highlight inevitability of change and tension
Underemphasis of factors that unify
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Sociobiology – Wilson
Biology creates culture EX Sexual Double Standard
Male reproductive strategy Female reproductive strategy
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Critique
Little scientific support –significance of learned behavior
Evolutionary emphasis Concerns about social Darwinism
being revived
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Post Modernism - Baudrillard
Culture as simulation of reality Hyper- reality Symbolic capital substituted for
real power Simulated reality – absence of
what is significant or meaningful ---Virtual
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Critique
Focuses on complexity & diversity of culture – the layers; variety of theories
Lacks clear clarity of how we then understand culture – while dismissing other ideas
More cynical or pessimistic
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Impact of culture (subculture) Culture as
constraint
Culture as freedom